{"pageNumber":"4123","pageRowStart":"103050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":70228807,"text":"70228807 - 1993 - Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T15:16:28.08182","indexId":"70228807","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T09:05:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>The migration of thermophilic marine Ostracoda into the Arctic Ocean during the Pliocene indicates that winter and summer ocean temperatures around Arctic margins were ≥ 0 °C and &gt; 3 °C, respectively, and that ice-free conditions existed for most or all of the Arctic. By at least 3.5–3.0 Ma, probably earlier, the opening of the Bering Strait allowed marine organisms to migrate through the Arctic Ocean, mostly from the Pacific Ocean. Migrant taxa such as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cythere, Hemicythere,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Neomonoceratina</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are known from Pliocene deposits of Alaska and Canada as well as Neogene deposits of the North Pacific and Atlantic oceans. On the basis of ecological and Zoogeographic information on ostracode species from more than 800 modern “core top” samples for the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans, we determined winter and summer temperature tolerances for migrant taxa to be at or above about 0 °C and 3 °C. This suggests ice-free summers, and probably, a perennially ice-free Arctic Ocean in some regions. Elevated water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean between 3.5 and 2.0 Ma is supported by evidence for late Pliocene increased meridional heat transport in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93PA00060","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Whatley, R., Wood, A., Tsukagoshi, A., Ikeya, N., Brouwers, E.M., and Briggs, W.M., 1993, Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 161-173, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA00060.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Strait, Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.9375,\n              68.52823492039876\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.625,\n              68.13885164925573\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              68.65655498475735\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              73.82482034613932\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              82.49482361179574\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.6328125,\n              81.09321385260837\n            ],\n            [\n              -35.859375,\n              82.30889251821553\n            ],\n            [\n              -25.3125,\n              74.01954331150228\n            ],\n            [\n              -41.484375,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              26.3671875,\n              69.16255790810501\n            ],\n            [\n              37.265625,\n              64.16810689799152\n            ],\n            [\n              66.796875,\n              67.20403234340081\n            ],\n            [\n              74.1796875,\n              70.1403642720717\n            ],\n            [\n              103.35937499999999,\n              76.76054111175671\n            ],\n            [\n              105.46875,\n              73.22669969306126\n            ],\n            [\n              126.5625,\n              70.49557354093136\n            ],\n            [\n              141.6796875,\n              71.18775391813158\n            ],\n            [\n              187.3828125,\n              65.94647177615738\n            ],\n            [\n              180.35156249999997,\n              84.95930495623836\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.234375,\n              84.95930495623836\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9375,\n              68.52823492039876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whatley, Robin","contributorId":279858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whatley","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Adrian","contributorId":63830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsukagoshi, Akira","contributorId":279859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsukagoshi","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ikeya, Noriyuki","contributorId":101026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeya","given":"Noriyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, W. M. Jr.","contributorId":60249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70180478,"text":"70180478 - 1993 - Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to a non-pathogenic, endophytic mutualist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T14:44:56","indexId":"70180478","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to a non-pathogenic, endophytic mutualist","docAbstract":"<p><span>The filamentous fungal ascomycete </span><i>Colletotrichum magna</i><span> causes anthracnose in cucurbit plants. Isolation of a nonpathogenic mutant of this species (path-1) resulted in maintained wild-type levels of in vitro sporulation, spore adhesion, appressorial formation, and infection. Path-1 grew throughout host tissues as an endophyte and retained the wild-type host range, which indicates that the genetics involved in pathogenicity and host specificity are distinct. Prior infection with path-1 protected plants from disease caused by </span><i>Colletotrichum</i><span> and </span><i>Fusarium</i><span>.Genetic analysis of a cross between path-1 and wild-type strains indicated mutation of a single locus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.260.5104.75","usgsCitation":"Freeman, S., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1993, Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to a non-pathogenic, endophytic mutualist: Science, v. 260, no. 5104, p. 75-78, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5104.75.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"75","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"260","issue":"5104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905efbe4b072a7ac0cada5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Stanley","contributorId":178948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Stanley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Rusty J.","contributorId":62497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rusty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178290,"text":"70178290 - 1993 - Determination of mono- and non-o,o′-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclors and environmental samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T14:24:12","indexId":"70178290","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of mono- and non-o,o′-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclors and environmental samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>High resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC) is the best known technique for the separation of complex mixtures; however, no single GC column has yet separated all 209 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A number of coeluting PCB congener pairs exist, and even under favorable separation conditions such as with multidimensional GC, assignment of peak identities to known PCB structures is tedious, subject to errors from other contaminants, and requires enrichment to achieve the necessary detection limits for the most toxic PCB congeners. Routine analysis of PCBs is also complicated by coelution with other halogenated hydrocarbons such as naphthalenes, terphenyls, dibenzofurans, and pesticides. Therefore, techniques for class separations of PCBs prior to gas chromatography must be developed. These techniques should separate PCB congeners along lines that have environmental or toxicological significance. The unique ability of activated carbon to separate halogenated aromatics on the basis of molecular planarity and degree of halogenation has been demonstrated. We present a method that uses dispersed carbon on glass fibers and commercially available instrumentation to fractionate and determine mono- and non-o,o′-chlorine substituted PCB congeners in Aroclors and environmental samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(93)90212-N","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, T.R., Tillitt, D.E., Feltz, K.P., and Peterman, P.H., 1993, Determination of mono- and non-o,o′-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclors and environmental samples: Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 8, p. 1443-1460, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90212-N.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1443","endPage":"1460","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259565e4b01fad86db243f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Ted R.","contributorId":36510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feltz, Kevin P. kfeltz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Kevin","email":"kfeltz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008014,"text":"1008014 - 1993 - Reproductive characteristics of female sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T15:42:14.878087","indexId":"1008014","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive characteristics of female sea otters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several important aspects of reproduction in the female sea otter, such as gestation, pupping frequency, period of pup dependency, and annual pupping rate, were unclear when this study was begun. We present data from 75 tagged adult females that indicate gestation is variable, but on average is about 6 months, the length of pup dependency is 6 mo, thus the pupping interval is usually 12–13 mo. Most females breed for the first time in their fifth year of life. About 85–90% of adult females pup in a given year.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00440.x","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R.J., and Johnson, A.M., 1993, Reproductive characteristics of female sea otters: Marine Mammal Science, v. 9, no. 2, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00440.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ancel M.","contributorId":91543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ancel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186319,"text":"70186319 - 1993 - Syn­thesis of Cretaceous/fertiary boundary studies at Hole 807C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T17:46:01","indexId":"70186319","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Syn­thesis of Cretaceous/fertiary boundary studies at Hole 807C","docAbstract":"<p>Paleontological, stable isotopic, trace elemental abundance, and magnetostratigraphic studies have been performed on limestones spanning the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary transition at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 807C. Paleontological evidence exists for considerable resedimentation, which we attribute to the fact that Hole 807C is located in a basement graben. Age estimates based on planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, as well as magnetostratigraphy, indicate that sedimentation rates could have been on the order of 12-14 m/m.y. This is significantly higher than those documented in other important Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and ODP Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections using the same age control points (e.g., DSDP Hole 577 and ODP Hole 690B), although not as high as those documented from DSDP Hole 524. The expanded nature of this succession has resulted in the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary δ 1 3C decrease occurring over approximately a 9-m interval. Ir analysis of these sediments do not show a single large anomaly, as has been found in other Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections, but trivial background levels instead. Ce data support the hypothesis that this section has been expanded by secondary sedimentological processes. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Corfield, R.M., Sliter, W.V., Silva, I.P., Tarduno, J.A., Schmitt, R.A., Liu, Y., Wise, S.W., Mao, S., Cartlidge, J.E., and Berger, W.H., 1993, Syn­thesis of Cretaceous/fertiary boundary studies at Hole 807C, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results, p. 745-751.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"745","endPage":"751","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corfield, Richard M.","contributorId":190387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corfield","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sliter, William V.","contributorId":190293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sliter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, Isabella Premolia","contributorId":190388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Isabella","email":"","middleInitial":"Premolia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tarduno, John A.","contributorId":190389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarduno","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Roman A.","contributorId":190390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Roman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Yun-Gang","contributorId":190391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yun-Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wise, Sherwood W. Jr.","contributorId":36052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Sherwood","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mao, Shaozhi","contributorId":190392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mao","given":"Shaozhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cartlidge, Julie E.","contributorId":190393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cartlidge","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Berger, Wolf H.","contributorId":190394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70185442,"text":"70185442 - 1993 - Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:53:39","indexId":"70185442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the water retention process in porous material, changes in water content are assumed to be independent of the rate at which the matric potential varies. Periodically, researchers have presented results that do not support this assumption, indicating that water retention may be rate-dependent under certain conditions. In the present study, long-term experiments were performed on five porous materials in which core samples were drained at different rates down to matric potentials of −50 kPa. Comparisons of these results with previous results confirm that slight rate-dependent behavior occurs during drainage of porous materials in this matric potential range. Specifically, new and previous results indicate that on average 4–5% more water was retained for a slow, multistep drainage versus a fast, one-step drainage treatment. For the present study, average results for individual materials were variable, ranging from a 1 to a 10% difference in water content due to treatment. Several possible mechanisms for the observed rate-dependent behavior are discussed. The only plausible mechanism is related to variations in pore water salt concentrations that induce differences in the pore water surface tension for fast versus slow drainage. Regardless of the mechanism, results suggest that rate-dependent behavior during water retention may contribute to an enhanced temperature dependence of water retention, due to higher rates of water redistribution at higher temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00005","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1993, Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1331-1334, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00005.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1334","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185751,"text":"70185751 - 1993 - Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:16:28","indexId":"70185751","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction","docAbstract":"<ol><li>This paper introduces the Lowland Streams Restoration Workshop that was held in Lund, Sweden in August 1991.</li><li>Attenders at the Workshop participated in working groups which discussed and reported on the state of knowledge of stream restoration and identified critical areas of information need. Currently, most restoration efforts are emission‐orientated (i.e. waste‐water management), while the imitation of the geomorphology or of the riparian vegetation of a quasi‐natural or natural reference channel receives less attention.</li><li>Successful stream restoration requires a multidisciplinary approach within a holistic system framework. Monitoring the outcome of past, existing and future steam‐restoration projects is required for information on the feasibility of alternative techniques and approaches.</li><li>It was recommended that systems in pristine condition serve as a point of reference and not as a goal for most stream restoration projects. Restoration goals must be carefully defined so that everyone at every level understands the aim of the project. At the very least, all restoration programmes should consider geomorphic, hydrological, biological, aesthetic, and water quality aspects of the system.</li><li>Restoration programmes should aim to create a system with a stable channel, or a channel in dynamic equilibrium that supports a self‐sustaining and functionally diverse community assemblage; it should not concentrate on one species or group, except at the local level. Preserving the terrestrial ‐aquatic interface by setting aside riparian land corridors is critical to all stages of restoration. Additional information on the temporal and regional variability in important system processes and functions is needed.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00756.x","usgsCitation":"Osborne, L., Bayley, P., Higler, L., Statzner, B., Triska, F., and Iverson, T.M., 1993, Restoration of lowland streams: an introduction: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 187-194, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00756.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborne, L.L.","contributorId":189972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayley, P.B.","contributorId":189973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayley","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higler, L.W.G.","contributorId":189974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higler","given":"L.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Statzner, B.","contributorId":189975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Statzner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.","contributorId":70173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iverson, T. Moth","contributorId":189971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Moth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018269,"text":"70018269 - 1993 - Late Maastrichtian and Danian ostracode faunas from Northern Alaska; reconstructions of environment and paleogeography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T15:13:35.106336","indexId":"70018269","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Maastrichtian and Danian ostracode faunas from Northern Alaska; reconstructions of environment and paleogeography","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3515168","usgsCitation":"Brouwers, E.M., and De Deckker, P., 1993, Late Maastrichtian and Danian ostracode faunas from Northern Alaska; reconstructions of environment and paleogeography: Palaios, v. 8, no. 2, p. 140-154, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515168.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.16921984686343,\n              71.33403218038652\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.16921984686343,\n              69.64510229704817\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.40414098978195,\n              69.64510229704817\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.40414098978195,\n              71.33403218038652\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.16921984686343,\n              71.33403218038652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f0e4b0c8380cd66ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Deckker, Patrick","contributorId":41160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Deckker","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186571,"text":"70186571 - 1993 - The influence of long term climate change on net titration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:07:11","indexId":"70186571","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of long term climate change on net titration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High level radioactive waste management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth annual international conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Hevesi, J., 1993, The influence of long term climate change on net titration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High level radioactive waste management, p. 152-159.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, J.A. 0000-0003-2898-1800","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":43320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186284,"text":"70186284 - 1993 - Measurement of scour at selected bridges in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:24:50","indexId":"70186284","displayToPublicDate":"1993-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of scour at selected bridges in New York","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic complexities in the high­ way environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"42nd annual highway geology symposium","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Butch, G., 1993, Measurement of scour at selected bridges in New York, <i>in</i> Geologic complexities in the high­ way environment, p. 169-177.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, G.K.","contributorId":63849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206780,"text":"70206780 - 1993 - Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte (Zostera marina L.) dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T14:18:06","indexId":"70206780","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-31T14:11:45","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte (<i>Zostera marina</i> L.) dynamics","title":"Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte (Zostera marina L.) dynamics","docAbstract":"<p><span>The independent and interactive effects of nutrient concentration and epiphyte grazers on epiphyte biomass and macrophyte growth and production were examined in&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Zostera marina</i><span>&nbsp;L. (eelgrass) microcosms. Experiments were conducted during early summer, late summer, fall, and spring in a greenhouse on the York River estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Nutrient treatments consisted of ambient or enriched (3× ambient) concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) and phosphate. Grazer treatments consisted of the presence or absence of field densities of isopods, amphipods, and gastropods. epiphyte biomass increased with both grazer removal and nutrient enrichment during summer and spring experiments. The effect of grazers was stronger than that of nutrients. There was little epiphyte response to treatment during the fall, a result possibly of high ambient nutrient concentrations and low grazing pressure. Under low grazer densities of early summer, macrophyte production (g m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) was reduced by grazer removal and nutrient enrichment independently. Under high grazer densities of late summer, macrophyte production was reduced by enrichment only with grazers absent. During spring and fall there were no macrophyte responses to treatment. The relative influence of epiphytes on macrophyte production may have been related to seasonally changing water temperature and macrophyte requirements for light and inorganic carbon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00317683","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Wetzel, R.L., and Orth, R., 1993, Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte (Zostera marina L.) dynamics: Oecologia, v. 93, no. 2, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317683.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"York River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.915283203125,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5032958984375,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3330078125,\n              37.201893907733826\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.42364501953124,\n              37.26312408340919\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.75048828125,\n              37.54893261064111\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.915283203125,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, R. L.","contributorId":218241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetzel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orth, R.J.","contributorId":58408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243549,"text":"70243549 - 1993 - Earthquake prediction lessons from Parkfield Experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T15:15:54.660687","indexId":"70243549","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-30T10:10:55","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake prediction lessons from Parkfield Experiment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1985, the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (NEPEC), and later its California counterpart (CEPEC), approved an earthquake prediction for the first time. This was the&nbsp;</span><i>Bakun and Lindh</i><span>&nbsp;[1985] forecast, with 95% confidence, that an M = 5.5 to 6 earthquake would rupture along the San Andreas fault near the town of Parkfield before 1993. This forecast was an important factor in selecting the Parkfield area for a major geophysical and geological monitoring study. The experiments installed there are aimed at producing a better understanding of the earthquake generation process and earthquake effects, gaining experience with real-time monitoring of a variety of geophysical data, and, if possible, making a short-term prediction of the future earthquake. Twenty-eight different observational networks now exist in the Parkfield area. The forecast also generated interest that led researchers to reexamine past Parkfield earthquakes with current knowledge and to develop new models of the earthquake cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93EO00313","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., and Langbein, J.O., 1993, Earthquake prediction lessons from Parkfield Experiment: Eos Science News, v. 74, no. 13, p. 145-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/93EO00313.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.66912608588723,\n              36.177034842084765\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.66912608588723,\n              35.99343084768685\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.26827403368256,\n              35.99343084768685\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.26827403368256,\n              36.177034842084765\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.66912608588723,\n              36.177034842084765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128723,"text":"70128723 - 1993 - Integrated wetland management: concepts and opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T10:49:47","indexId":"70128723","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-24T10:47:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Integrated wetland management: concepts and opportunities","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"Transactions of the Fifty-eighth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: conference theme, our conservation legacy, gift or gaff","conferenceDate":"1993-03-19T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Laubhan, M.K., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1993, Integrated wetland management: concepts and opportunities, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b29e4b0fd76af69cf15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laubhan, M. K.","contributorId":58583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredrickson, L. H.","contributorId":68668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216670,"text":"70216670 - 1993 - Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:03:36.716852","indexId":"70216670","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-20T11:57:53","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7442,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model","docAbstract":"<p><span>A one‐dimensional model of lake temperature, evaporation, and ice has been coupled in an interactive mode with the climate version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University regional (mesoscale) atmospheric model (MM4). The coupled MM4‐lake model makes possible high‐resolution simulations of climate in the proximity of large water bodies. Atmospheric variables required as input for the lake model are supplied by MM4 and simulated values of lake temperature, evaporation, and ice cover axe supplied to MM4 by the lake model. We have tested the coupled model system with a 60‐day, summertime simulation at Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and with a 10‐day, wintertime simulation of the North American Great Lakes and vicinity. Both simulations were conducted at a 60‐km resolution. Results from these tests indicate the coupled model system produces realistic simulations of lake temperature, evaporation, and ice cover and that the coupled system is applicable to simulations of regional climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92JD02843","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Bates, G.T., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, v. 98, no. D3, p. 5045-5057, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD02843.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5045","endPage":"5057","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"D3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, G. T.","contributorId":29147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127899,"text":"70127899 - 1993 - Streamflow and sediment dynamics of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, in the context of cottonwood recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T11:57:32","indexId":"70127899","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-10T11:48:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Streamflow and sediment dynamics of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, in the context of cottonwood recruitment","docAbstract":"<p>The cottonwood gallery forests of the Middle Rio Grande floodplain in New Mexico provide important habitats for birds and other animals.  Over the last century, these forests have changed significantly due to invasion of exotics such as salt cedar and Russian olive, which compete with native cottonwoods, and changes in water use both in the valley and upstream.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>To successfully germinate and establish, cottonwoods require an adequate water supply, abundant sunlight, and bare, litter-free substrate.  Native cottonwoods are adapted to a natural snowmelt hydrograph characterized by spring floods in late May or early June and gradually receding streamflows throughout the remainder of the summer.  The natural streamflow pattern has been significantly modified by water management in the Rio Grande basin.  The modified pattern is less conducive to establishment of cottonwoods than the natural pattern.  In addition, exotic species now compete with native cottonwoods, and the modified flow pattern may favor these exotics.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The overall objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of enhancing cottonwood establishment and recruitment along the Middle Rio Grande through streamflow manipulation and reservoir releases.  The work integrates concepts of cottonwood establishment, water resources management, and river morphology, and investigates how water management might be used to preserve and enhance cottonwood gallery forests along the river.  Specific objectives of the work reported herein were to: (1) develop a technique to calculate flows that will produce channel characteristics necessary to restore and sustain cottonwood gallery forests; (2) develop a model to determine a flow pattern, or sequence of flows, that will improve the potential for cottonwood establishment and recruitment; and (3) determine if the water resources can be managed to produce the desired channel characteristics and flow pattern identified in (1) and (2).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Wondzell, M., and Ritter, A., 1993, Streamflow and sediment dynamics of the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, in the context of cottonwood recruitment, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6982e4b092f17df5aa70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":71111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wondzell, Mark","contributorId":92981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritter, Amy","contributorId":10351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritter","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70177781,"text":"70177781 - 1993 - Status and population trends of Hawaii's native waterbirds, 1977-1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:13:06","indexId":"70177781","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and population trends of Hawaii's native waterbirds, 1977-1987","docAbstract":"<p>Status and population trends of Hawaiis ’ native waterbirds were examined from 1977 through 1987. Waterbird population fluctuations were analyzed in relation to rainfall and land use dynamics. Numbers of Hawaiian Duck (Koloa) (<i>Anus wyvilliana</i>) and Hawaiian Common Moorhen (<i>Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis</i>) appeared stable over time; however, surveys were limited. Increase in Black-crowned Night-Heron (<i>Nycticorux nycticorux</i>) abundance appeared linked to expansion of aquaculture, particularly on Oahu, and not to climatic events. Annual rainfall patterns help explain and predict population fluctuations and anomalous distribution patterns involving Hawaiian American Coots (<i>Fulica americana alai</i>), moorhens, and Hawaiian Black-necked Stilts (<i>Himantopus mexicanus knudseni</i>). Coot, stilt, and moorhen populations fluctuated with climatic events, and intraisland dispersal to ephemeral wetlands occurred. Stilts exhibited regular inter-island migratory behavior, but coots dispersed in relation to major rainfall events. Seasonal fluctuation recorded for coots by past observers is the result of survey techniques not accounting for seasonal dispersal patterns. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Engilis, A., and Pratt, T.K., 1993, Status and population trends of Hawaii's native waterbirds, 1977-1987: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 105, no. 1, p. 142-158.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c7e4b0f497e78fcad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engilis, Andrew Jr.","contributorId":92362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engilis","given":"Andrew","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200707,"text":"70200707 - 1993 - Small fields in the National Oil and Gas Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T14:12:45.996236","indexId":"70200707","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T15:03:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small fields in the National Oil and Gas Assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the 1989 National Oil and Gas Assessment prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Minerals Management Service, undiscovered oil and gas resources in small fields were assessed separately from resources in fields containing more than 1 million bbl of oil equivalent. This paper concerns the USGS Part of the study: onshore and state waters in the conterminous United States. After the resources in small fields were assessed by geologists, statistical techniques were used to allocate these resources to field-size distributions at the province level. The total numbers of small fields remaining to be discovered is estimated at about 77,800. They account for about 10.6 billion bbl of oil equivalent or 20% of the undiscovered resources in the conterminous United st tes. When an economic analysis was applied to the small fields, none of the offshore small fields were estimated to be commercially developable. For the onshore study area, about 52% of the small oil fields and 46% of the small gas fields are commercially developable. Overall, because more hydrocarbons are contained in the larger size classes of the small fields, about 70% of the undiscovered resources in small fields is expected to be commercially developable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF8C68-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Root, D.H., and Attanasi, E., 1993, Small fields in the National Oil and Gas Assessment: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 77, no. 3, p. 485-490, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8C68-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1116b0e4b034bf6a815b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, David H.","contributorId":92232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70127904,"text":"70127904 - 1993 - Reproductive ecology of Dusky Flycatchers in western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:48:03","indexId":"70127904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T12:42:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology of Dusky Flycatchers in western Montana","docAbstract":"Breeding ecology of Dusky Flycatchers (<i>Empidonax oberholseri</i>) was studied in western Montana from May-August 1974.  Dusky Flycatchers were monogamous and single-brooded although some pairs made renesting attempts after first nests failed.  Length of the reproductive cycle for first nesting attempts, from arrival on the breeding grounds to fledging, was about 70 days.  All nests were placed in shrubs, primarily ninebark (<i>Physocarpus malvaceus</i>) and Rocky Mountain maple (<i>Acer glabrum</i>), and were an average of 150 cm above the ground.  Females incubated a clutch with an average of 4.0 eggs for 15-16 days, and the average nestling period was 17.5 days.  Both sexes fed nestlings and fledglings, but only females brooded nestlings.  Egg survival was 63.8%, hatching success was 95.4%, and nestling survival was 61.9% for an overall probability of 0.376 percent that an egg produced a fledgling.  Predation was the major cause of nest failure.  Dusky Flycatchers reared an average of 1.9 fledglings/pair.","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J.A., 1993, Reproductive ecology of Dusky Flycatchers in western Montana: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 105, no. 1, p. 84-92.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e697de4b092f17df5aa11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":25880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223040,"text":"5223040 - 1993 - Simulation testing of unbiasedness of variance estimators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T17:29:48.286099","indexId":"5223040","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":747,"text":"American Statistician","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation testing of unbiasedness of variance estimators","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this article I address the evaluation of estimators of variance for parameter estimates. Given an unbiased estimator&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><span>&nbsp;of a parameter θ, and an estimator&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;of the variance of&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><span>, how does one test (via simulation) whether&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;is an unbiased estimator of the variance of&nbsp;</span><i>X?</i><span>&nbsp;The derivation of the test statistic illustrates the need for care in substituting consistent estimators for unknown parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00031305.1993.10475958","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., 1993, Simulation testing of unbiasedness of variance estimators: American Statistician, v. 47, no. 2, p. 132-134, https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1993.10475958.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231542,"text":"70231542 - 1993 - Radium isotope geochemistry of thermal waters, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T16:42:48.977563","indexId":"70231542","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T11:17:16","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radium isotope geochemistry of thermal waters, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radium isotope activities (</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra,&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra, and&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup><span>Ra), chemical compositions, and sulfur isotope ratios in sulfate were determined for water samples from thermal areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Activities of&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra in these waters range from &lt;0.2 to 37.9 dpm/kg. Activity ratios of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>226</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">228Ra226Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;range from 0.26 to 14.2, and those of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>224</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">224Ra228Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;range from 0.73 to 3.1. Radium concentrations are inversely correlated with aquifer equilibration temperatures (estimated from dissolved silica concentrations), while[</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Ra</mtext><mtext>Ba</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">RaBa</span></span></span><span>]</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>226</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">228Ra226Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;activity ratios depend upon&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>U</mtext><mtext>Ba</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">UBa</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Th</mtext><mtext>U</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ThU</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;ratios in aquifer rocks. Major controls on Ra concentration in Yellowstone thermal waters are inferred to be</span></p><dl class=\"list\"><dt class=\"list-label\">1.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\"><p>(1) barite saturation (at Morris Geyser Basin, Mammoth Hot Springs, and other northern areas) and</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\">2.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\"><p>(2) zeolitewater ion exchange (at Upper Geyser Basin). The data are consistent with a model in which</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\">3.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\"><p>(1) radium and barium are supplied to water by bulk dissolution of aquifer rock, and</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\">4.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\"><p>(2) chemical equilibration of water with rock is rapid relative to the 1602 year half-life of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra. The<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>226</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">228Ra226Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>activity ratios of the waters may in some cases reflect surface enrichments of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup>Th and/or may indicate that α-recoil input of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup>Ra is rapid relative to water-rock chemical equilibration. Activity ratios of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>224</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">224Ra228Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate a nearly ubiquitous<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup>Ra excess that generally increases with decreasing pH. Near-surface (≤100 m) thermal water flow velocities at Mammoth Hot Springs are estimated from<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>224</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>228</mn></msup><mtext>Ra</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">224Ra228Ra</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>variation to be ≥ 1 m h<sup>−1</sup>.</p></dd></dl>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90057-4","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N., and Bohlke, J., 1993, Radium isotope geochemistry of thermal waters, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 1203-1214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90057-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1214","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              43.89393401411192\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.44580078125,\n              43.89393401411192\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.44580078125,\n              45.01918507438176\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              45.01918507438176\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              43.89393401411192\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":6894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128522,"text":"70128522 - 1993 - A methodology for quantifying and valuing the impacts of flow changes on a fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:31:15","indexId":"70128522","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T10:57:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A methodology for quantifying and valuing the impacts of flow changes on a fishery","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>A quasi-population model for adult brown trout was developed for the Taylor River below the Taylor Park Reservoir in Colorado. This model allows the population to be predicted under alternative flow management regimes. The predicted population effects of two different flow release patterns were compared with the predicted population for the current reservoir operation regime. Changes in angler catch were imputed for these scenarios. The changes in catch were valued using estimates of willingness to pay obtained from anglers fishing at the site. Total angling effort was held constant. For both of the flow scenarios examined the difference in economic use value was limited. The relatively small changes in value predicted were shaped by the small changes in catch predicted and the high number of fish caught under current conditions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02304","usgsCitation":"Harpman, D.A., Sparling, E.W., and Waddle, T.J., 1993, A methodology for quantifying and valuing the impacts of flow changes on a fishery: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 3, p. 575-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02304.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a39ae4b08a816ca63615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harpman, David A.","contributorId":81428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, Edward W.","contributorId":12392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":68237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137512,"text":"70137512 - 1993 - Biochemical and ultrastructural evidence for the origin of whiting: a biologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation mechanism: reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T10:36:35","indexId":"70137512","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical and ultrastructural evidence for the origin of whiting: a biologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation mechanism: reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0287:BAUEFT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Friedman, G., Robbins, L.L., and Blackwelder, P.L., 1993, Biochemical and ultrastructural evidence for the origin of whiting: a biologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation mechanism: reply: Geology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 287-288, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0287:BAUEFT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259026039_Biochemical_and_ultrastructural_evidence_for_the_origin_of_whitings_A_biologically_induced_calcium_carbonate_precipitation_mechanism_Comment_and_Reply"},{"id":297080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b45e4b08de9379b32e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, G.M.","contributorId":80821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwelder, P. L.","contributorId":138562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwelder","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178594,"text":"70178594 - 1993 - Monitoring of the in-river migration of smolts from two groups of spring chinook salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> (Walbaum), with different profiles of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T12:59:12","indexId":"70178594","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":857,"text":"Aquaculture Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring of the in-river migration of smolts from two groups of spring chinook salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> (Walbaum), with different profiles of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection","docAbstract":"<p><span>Broodstock segregation based on the measurement of maternal </span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span> infection levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the membrane filtration-fluorescent antibody technique (MF-FAT) was previously shown to affect the prevalence and levels of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in progeny of chinook salmon, </span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span> (Walbaum), during hatchery rearing. Subgroups of fish from that study were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and monitored by PIT-tag detectors during the first 342km of their migration to the Pacific Ocean. Differences in the recovery of tagged fish were significant (</span><i>P</i><span>≤ 0·01) at each detection point and became more pronounced as the fish moved downstream. Cumulative recoveries of fish from the low-BKD group and the high-BKD group, respectively, were 31% and 28% after 116km, 44% and 37% after 176km, and 51% and 42% after 342km. There were no apparent differences in the migration timing of the two groups to the first detection point. The data suggested that in-river survival was higher in the progeny group from parents that had low </span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span> infection levels or tested negative for </span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span> (low-BKD group) than in the group female parents with high infection levels (high-BKD group).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00537.x","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., Elliott, D.G., and Achord, S., 1993, Monitoring of the in-river migration of smolts from two groups of spring chinook salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> (Walbaum), with different profiles of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection: Aquaculture Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 163-169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00537.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff365e4b04fc80e437283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Achord, S.","contributorId":177073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Achord","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223740,"text":"5223740 - 1993 - The common wolf snake, Lycodon aulicus capucinus, a recent colonist of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-20T15:22:08.020521","indexId":"5223740","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The common wolf snake, <i>Lycodon aulicus capucinus</i>, a recent colonist of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean","title":"The common wolf snake, Lycodon aulicus capucinus, a recent colonist of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The discovery of the common wolf snake, <i>Lycodon aulicus capucinus</i>, on Christmas I . in the Indian Ocean suggests that individuals of the species have colonised the island recently. On the basis of biological information for this widespread colubrid snake and for the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, a well-documented pest species on Guam, the establishment of the common wolf snake would pose a severe threat to the native fauna and ecology of Christmas I. Immediate research is needed to document the spread of the snake, to evaluate its effects on other fauna, and to control or eradicate the species before it becomes firmly established.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WR9930261","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., 1993, The common wolf snake, Lycodon aulicus capucinus, a recent colonist of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean: Wildlife Research, v. 20, no. 2, p. 261-265, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9930261.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Christmas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              105.32332153936869,\n              -10.236459477849337\n            ],\n            [\n              105.32332153936869,\n              -10.909752755107675\n            ],\n            [\n              106.09784436738198,\n              -10.909752755107675\n            ],\n            [\n              106.09784436738198,\n              -10.236459477849337\n            ],\n            [\n              105.32332153936869,\n              -10.236459477849337\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668c56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180651,"text":"70180651 - 1993 - Polyphosphate present in DNA preparations from fungal species of Collectotrichum inhibits restriction endonucleases and other enzymes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:10:38","indexId":"70180651","displayToPublicDate":"1993-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5283,"text":"Analytical Biochemistry","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polyphosphate present in DNA preparations from fungal species of Collectotrichum inhibits restriction endonucleases and other enzymes","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the development of a procedure for the isolation of total genomic DNA from filamentous fungi (Rodriguez, R. J., and Yoder, 0. C., </span><i>Exp. Mycol.</i><span> 15, 232-242, 1991) a cell fraction was isolated which inhibited the digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes. After elimination of DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, the active compound was purified by gel filtration to yield a single fraction capable of complete inhibition of restriction enzyme activity. The inhibitor did not absorb uv light above 220 nm, and was resistant to alkali and acid at 25°C and to temperatures as high as 100°C. More extensive analyses demonstrated that the inhibitor was also capable of inhibiting T4 DNA ligase and </span><i>Taq</i><span>I DNA polymerase, but not DNase or RNase. Chemical analyses indicated that the inhibitor was devoid of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids but rich in phosphorus. A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance, metachromatic shift of toluidine blue, and gel filtration indicated that the inhibitor was a polyphosphate (polyP) containing approximately 60 phosphate molecules. The mechanism of inhibition appeared to involve complexing of polyP to the enzymatic proteins. All species of </span><i>Colletotrichum</i><span> analyzed produced polyP equivalent in chain length and concentration. A modification to the original DNA extraction procedure is described which eliminates polyP and reduces the time necessary to obtain DNA of sufficient purity for restriction enzyme digestion and </span><i>Taq</i><span>I polymerase amplification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/abio.1993.1122","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., 1993, Polyphosphate present in DNA preparations from fungal species of Collectotrichum inhibits restriction endonucleases and other enzymes: Analytical Biochemistry, v. 209, no. 2, p. 291-297, https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1122.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"291","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bae4b072a7ac129944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}