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Estimating the detection threshold of a seismic network (the minimum magnitude earthquake that can be reliably located) is a critical part of network design and can drive network maintenance efforts. The ability of a station to detect an earthquake is often estimated by assuming the spectral amplitude for an earthquake of a given size, assuming an attenuation relationship, and comparing the predicted amplitude with the average station background noise level. This approach has significant uncertainty because of unknown regional attenuation and complications in computing small event power spectra, and it fails to account for the specific capabilities of the automatic seismic phase picker used in monitoring. We develop a data‐driven approach to determine network detection thresholds using a multiband phase picking algorithm that is currently in use at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center. We apply this picking algorithm to cataloged earthquakes to determine an empirical relationship of the observability of earthquakes as a function of magnitude and distance. Using this relationship, we produce maps of detection threshold using station spatial configuration and station noise levels. We show that quiet, well‐sited stations significantly increase the detection capabilities of a network compared with a network composed of many noisy stations. Because our method is data driven, it has two distinct advantages: (1) it is less dependent on theoretical assumptions of source spectra and models of regional attenuation, and (2) it can easily be applied to any seismic network. This tool allows for an objective approach to the management of stations in regional seismic networks.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220210192","usgsCitation":"Wilson, D.C., Wolin, E., Yeck, W.L., Anthony, R.E., and Ringler, A.T., 2022, Modeling seismic network detection thresholds using production picking algorithms: Seismological Research Letters, v. 93, no. 1, p. 149-160, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210192.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-130188","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97IK2EY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seismic Network Detection Modeling"},{"id":390946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolin, Emily 0000-0003-1610-1191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-1191","contributorId":221834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolin","given":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70225555,"text":"70225555 - 2022 - Snow depth retrieval with an autonomous UAV-mounted software-defined radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T18:45:03.535956","indexId":"70225555","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-19T07:20:57","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9538,"text":"Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (TGARS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow depth retrieval with an autonomous UAV-mounted software-defined radar","docAbstract":"
We present results from a field campaign to measure seasonal snow depth at Cameron Pass, Colorado, using a synthetic ultrawideband software-defined radar (SDRadar) implemented in commercially available Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio hardware and flown on a small hexacopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We coherently synthesize an ultrawideband signal from stepped frequency 50-MHz subpulses across 600-2100-MHz frequency bands using a novel nonuniform nonlinear synthetic wideband waveform reconstruction technique that minimizes sweep time and completely eliminates problematic grating lobes and other processing artifacts traditionally seen in stepped waveform synthesis. We image seasonal snow across two transects: a 400-m open Meadow Transect and a 380-m forested transect. We present a surface detection algorithm that fuses data from LiDAR, global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/global positioning system (GPS), and features in the radargram itself to obtain high precision estimates of both snow and ground surface reflections, and thus total snow depth, represented as two-way travel time. The measurements are validated against independent ground-based ground-penetrating radar measurements with correlations coefficients as high as ρ = 0.9 demonstrated. Finally, we compare backscattered radar data collected by the UAV-SDRadar while hovering proximal to a known snow pit with in situ measured snow dielectric profiles and demonstrate imaging of snow stratigraphy.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2021.3117509","usgsCitation":"Prager, S., Sexstone, G., McGrath, D.J., Fulton, J.W., and Moghaddam, M., 2022, Snow depth retrieval with an autonomous UAV-mounted software-defined radar: Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (TGARS), v. 60, 5104816, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3117509.","productDescription":"5104816, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124812","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jackson County","otherGeospatial":"Cameron 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S.","contributorId":267920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prager","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexstone, Graham A. 0000-0001-8913-0546","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0546","contributorId":203850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexstone","given":"Graham A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, Daniel J 0000-0002-9462-6842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":221142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGrath","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":40333,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fulton, John W, 0000-0002-5335-0720","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":213630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","middleInitial":"W,","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moghaddam, Mahta","contributorId":267922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moghaddam","given":"Mahta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70225536,"text":"70225536 - 2022 - From site to system: Approaches for producing system-wide estimates of fish habitat in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T17:05:21.724393","indexId":"70225536","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-19T07:04:56","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From site to system: Approaches for producing system-wide estimates of fish habitat in large rivers","docAbstract":"

Worldwide, many productive rivers are dam-regulated and rely on flow management strategies that must balance support of ecological processes with human water use. One component of evaluating this balance is to understand ecological consequences of alternative flow management strategies, which has often been accomplished by coupling population dynamics models with models that relate streamflow to habitat availability and quality. Numerous methods assign habitat availability to locations within a river basin: These include fine-scale field-measured values that are extrapolated to other locations within the basin having similar physical characteristics or equation-driven values created by functions of model-predicted values of physical characteristics. The array of options for creating habitat models is evolving rapidly as high-resolution remote-sensing data becomes more accessible and computational capacity improves. Our objective was to identify trade-offs among approaches that assign habitat relationships to large rivers and to create a decision support tool to supplement choices of extent and granularity. Using a selection of case studies that represent a breadth of scales and diverse trade-offs, we demonstrate the need for a transparent process of data evaluation and assessment to determine the appropriate fit for model scope or context that best supports management needs and recognize sources of uncertainty. The structured approach proposed here aims at improving future model development and refine population dynamics models that inform the management of rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3877","usgsCitation":"Robinson, H.E., Henderson, M.J., Perry, R., Goodman, D.H., and Som, N.A., 2022, From site to system: Approaches for producing system-wide estimates of fish habitat in large rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 38, no. 1, p. 1192-130, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3877.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-129375","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, New Zealand, United States","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, H. E.","contributorId":267878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":55522,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office, 1655 Heindon Road, Arcata, CA 95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, Mark J. 0000-0002-2861-8668 mhenderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-8668","contributorId":267879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Mark","email":"mhenderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":55523,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodman, Damon H.","contributorId":140150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13396,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":203773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36713,"text":"Statistician, USFWS - Arcata Fisheries Program, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70225558,"text":"70225558 - 2022 - A new approach for representing agent-environment feedbacks: Coupled agent-based and state-and-transition simulation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T15:44:48.251002","indexId":"70225558","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-17T07:18:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for representing agent-environment feedbacks: Coupled agent-based and state-and-transition simulation models","docAbstract":"

Context

Agent-based models (ABMs) and state-and-transition simulation models (STSMs) have proven useful for understanding processes underlying social-ecological systems and evaluating practical questions about how systems might respond to different scenarios. ABMs can simulate a variety of agents (autonomous units, such as wildlife or people); agent characteristics, decision-making, adaptive behavior, and mobility; and agent-environment interactions. STSMs are flexible and intuitive stochastic landscape models that can track scenarios and integrate diverse data. Both can be run spatially and track metrics of management success.

Objectives

Due to the complementarity of these approaches, we sought to couple them through a dynamic linkage and demonstrate the relevance of this advancement for modeling landscape processes and patterns.

Methods

We developed analytical techniques and software tools to couple these modeling approaches using NetLogo, R, and the ST-Sim package for SyncroSim. We demonstrated the capabilities and value of this coupled approach through a proof-of-concept case study of bison-vegetation interactions in Badlands National Park.

Results

The coupled ABM-STSM: (1) streamlined handling of model inputs and outputs; (2) allowed representation of processes at multiple temporal scales; (3) minimized assumptions; and (4) generated spatial and temporal patterns that better reflected agent-environment interactions.

Conclusions

These developments constitute a new approach for representing agent-environment feedbacks; modelers can now use output from an ABM to dictate landscape changes within an STSM that in turn influence agents. This facilitates experimentation across domains (agent and environment) and creation of more realistic and management-relevant projections, and opens new opportunities for communicating models and linking to other methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-021-01282-y","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.W., and Frid, L., 2022, A new approach for representing agent-environment feedbacks: Coupled agent-based and state-and-transition simulation models: Landscape Ecology, v. 37, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01282-y.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-119604","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R98PPB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coupled Agent-Based and State-and-Transition Simulation Model"},{"id":390809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":196603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frid, Leonardo","contributorId":196604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frid","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227726,"text":"70227726 - 2022 - Can the impact of canopy trees on soil and understory be altered using litter additions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T12:45:13.28956","indexId":"70227726","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-17T06:43:22","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can the impact of canopy trees on soil and understory be altered using litter additions?","docAbstract":"

Trees can have large effects on soil nutrients in ways that alter succession, particularly in the case of nitrogen-(N)-fixing trees. In Hawaiʻi, forest restoration relies heavily on use of a native N-fixing tree, Acacia koa (koa), but this species increases soil-available N and likely facilitates competitive dominance of exotic pasture grasses. In contrast, Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a), the dominant native tree in Hawaiʻi, is less often planted because it is slow growing; yet it is typically associated with lower soil N and grass biomass, and greater native understory recruitment. We experimentally tested whether it is possible to reverse high soil N under koa by adding ‘ōhi‘a litter, using additions of koa litter or no litter as controls, over 2.5 yr. We then quantified natural litterfall and decomposition rates of ‘ōhi‘a and koa litter to place litter additions in perspective. Finally, we quantified whether litter additions altered grass biomass and if this had effects on native outplants. Adding ‘ōhi‘a litter increased soil carbon, but increased rather than decreased inorganic soil N pools. Contrary to expectations, koa litter decomposed more slowly than ‘ōhi‘a, although it released more N per unit of litter. We saw no reduction in grass biomass due to ‘ōhi‘a litter addition, and no change in native outplanted understory survival or growth. We conclude that the high N soil conditions under koa are difficult to reverse. However, we also found that outplanted native woody species were able to decrease exotic grass biomass over time, regardless of the litter environment, making this a better strategy for lowering exotic species impacts.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.2477","usgsCitation":"Yelenik, S.G., Rehm, E.M., and D’Antonio, C.M., 2022, Can the impact of canopy trees on soil and understory be altered using litter additions?: Ecological Applications, v. 32, no. 1, e02477, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2477.","productDescription":"e02477, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111726","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":256836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":51875,"text":"formerly U.S. Geological Survey; currently Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehm, Evan M","contributorId":216487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rehm","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39457,"text":"University of California at Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Antonio, Carla M.","contributorId":196690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Antonio","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225525,"text":"70225525 - 2022 - Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T15:28:17.668291","indexId":"70225525","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-16T06:32:01","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations","title":"Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations","docAbstract":"

Long-distance migratory species often include multiple breeding populations, with distinct migration routes, wintering areas and annual-cycle timing. Detailed knowledge on population structure and migratory connectivity provides the basis for studies on the evolution of migration strategies and for species conservation. Currently, five subspecies of Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica have been described. However, with two apparently separate breeding and wintering areas, the taxonomic status of the subspecies L. l. taymyrensis remains unclear. Here we compare taymyrensis Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in the Middle East and West Africa, respectively, with respect to migration behaviour, breeding area, morphology and population genetic differentation in mitochondrial DNA. By tracking 52 individuals from wintering and staging areas over multiple years, we show that Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in the Middle East bred on the northern West-Siberian Plain (n = 19), whilst birds from West Africa bred further east, mostly on the Taimyr Peninsula (n = 12). The two groups differed significantly in body size and shape, and also in the timing of both northward and southward migrations. However, they were not genetically differentiated, indicating that the phenotypic (i.e. geographic, morphological and phenological) differences arose either very recently or without current reproductive isolation. We conclude that the taymyrensis taxon consists of two distinct populations with mostly non-overlapping flyways, which warrant treatment as separate taxonomic units. We thus propose to distinguish a more narrowly defined taymyrensis subspecies (i.e. the Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in West Africa and breeding on Taimyr), from a new yamalensis subspecies (i.e. the birds wintering in the Middle East and breeding on the northern West-Siberian Plain).

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13024","usgsCitation":"Bom, R.A., Conklin, J.R., Verkuil, Y.I., Alves, J.A., De Fouw, J., Dekinga, A., Hassell, C.J., Klaassen, R.H., Kwarteng, A.Y., Rakhimberdiev, E., Rocha, A., ten Horn, J., Tibbitts, T.L., Tomkovich, P.S., Victor, R., and Piersma, T., 2022, Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations: Ibis, v. 164, no. 2, p. 468-485, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13024.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"485","ipdsId":"IP-129996","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13024","text":"External 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R.","contributorId":169340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verkuil, Yvonne I.","contributorId":194622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verkuil","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alves, Jose A. 0000-0001-7182-0936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-0936","contributorId":216264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alves","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39384,"text":"DBIO & CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Fouw, Jimmy","contributorId":267852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Fouw","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":94956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hassell, Chris J.","contributorId":127818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassell","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klaassen, Raymond H. G.","contributorId":167764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaassen","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"H. G.","affiliations":[{"id":24823,"text":"Animal Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rakhimberdiev, Eldar","contributorId":209701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rakhimberdiev","given":"Eldar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kwarteng, Andy Y.","contributorId":7423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwarteng","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rocha, Afonso","contributorId":267854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocha","given":"Afonso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"ten Horn, Job","contributorId":209707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"ten Horn","given":"Job","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":102185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tomkovich, Pavel S.","contributorId":55333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomkovich","given":"Pavel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6930,"text":"Zoological Museum of Moscow, MV Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Victor, Reginald","contributorId":267855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Victor","given":"Reginald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70256761,"text":"70256761 - 2022 - Retention and dimensional changes of evergreen brush piles within a flood control reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-04T16:45:33.982342","indexId":"70256761","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T11:40:21","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention and dimensional changes of evergreen brush piles within a flood control reservoir","docAbstract":"

Brush piles (i.e., trees and large woody debris) are often installed in reservoirs to supplement fish habitat. The retention and dimensional change of brush piles after installation is important information that can be used to maximize the effectiveness of this management action. We evaluated the retention and dimensional change of 70 eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana and bald cypress Taxodium distichum brush piles in an embayment of a drawdown reservoir up to four annual cycles of submergence and exposure. We used satellite imagery to supplement our onsite measurements of retention. We also examined spatial patterns of brush pile retention and dimensional change. Brush piles were lost at 10% per year, and their volume was lost at 14% per year. We compared our rates of brush pile retention and dimensional change with those from a holdout data set of 50 brush piles. Estimates between data sets did not differ statistically. Spatial patterns of retention and dimensional change coincided with morphological features in our study area, suggesting that retention and dimensional change is influenced by variable physical forces (e.g., wave action and flow) at installation locations. Our estimates of brush pile retention and dimensional change can be used to generally sustain desirable brush densities. For example, to maintain a fixed total volume of brush in our study embayment, roughly 23% of the total brush volume installed would need to be replaced annually. Similar research in reservoirs managed for other purposes is needed, as length and cycle of inundation could lead to variable rates of retention and dimensional change. Additionally, advancements into computer-assisted detection and volume estimation could reduce the time and effort needed to monitor brush piles.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-21-033","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, C., Norris, D., Hatcher, H., Coppola, G., Colvin, M., and Miranda, L.E., 2022, Retention and dimensional changes of evergreen brush piles within a flood control reservoir: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 13, no. 1, p. 223-235, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-033.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-119765","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Long Branch Creek embayment of Enid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.84895707764991,\n 34.12639444197403\n ],\n [\n -89.84895707764991,\n 34.10300231952699\n ],\n [\n -89.8179302628156,\n 34.10300231952699\n ],\n [\n -89.8179302628156,\n 34.12639444197403\n ],\n [\n -89.84895707764991,\n 34.12639444197403\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, C.A.","contributorId":275883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, D.M.","contributorId":341780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12717,"text":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatcher, H.R.","contributorId":278602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatcher","given":"H.R.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coppola, G.","contributorId":265335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coppola","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colvin, M.E.","contributorId":341781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70230025,"text":"70230025 - 2022 - Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived using tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T13:43:11.24047","indexId":"70230025","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T10:55:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived using tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests","docAbstract":"Tree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously account for the effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth, which has limited the potential to use tree rings to understand forest productivity, its climate sensitivity, and its global change responses. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model non-linear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter (DBH), and year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree’s growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over ≥ 3-month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually over ≤ 3-month seasonal windows), with both included in 78% of top models, and with non-linear responses prevalent (63% of relationships). Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (44% of cases tested). Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently peaked at intermediate DBH and declined thereafter. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.15934","usgsCitation":"Anderson-Teixeira, K.J., Herrmann, V., Rollinson, C., Gonzales, B., Gonzalez-Akre, E.B., Pederson, N., Alexander, M.R., Allen, C., Alfaro-Sanchez, R., Awada, T., Baltzer, J.L., Baker, P.J., Birch, J.D., Bunyavejchewin, S., Cherubini, P., Davies, S.J., Dow, C., Helcoski, R., Kaspar, J., Lutz, J.A., Margolis, E.Q., Maxwell, J., McMahon, S.M., Piponiot, C., Russo, S.E., Šamonil, P., Sniderhan, A.E., Tepley, A.J., Vasickova, I., Vlam, M., and Zuidema, P.A., 2022, Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived using tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests: Global Change Biology, v. 28, p. 245-266, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15934.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-130293","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15934","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Czech Republic, Panama, Thailand, United States","state":"Indiana, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Nebraska, Utah, 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Tidal marsh restorations may result in transitional mudflat habitats depending on hydrological and geomorphological conditions. Compared to tidal marsh, mudflats are thought to have limited value for carbon sequestration, carbon storage, and foraging benefits for salmon. We evaluated greenhouse gas exchange, sediment carbon storage, and invertebrate production at restoration and reference tidal marsh sites within the Nisqually River Delta, Puget Sound, Washington. Within the first seven years, the restoration site was a sparsely vegetated mudflat that didn't sequester atmospheric CO2; but, had sediment carbon accumulation rates similar to the reference site due to allochthonous carbon subsidies from nearby mature marshes. Compared to other estuarine habitat types, the tidal marsh supported the greatest production of energy-rich insect prey for juvenile salmon; yet, the restoration site produced similar, and at times elevated, invertebrate prey resources and prey energy compared to the reference site. As a result, salmon that foraged within the restoration site gained measurable benefits as indicated by their bioenergetic growth potential. The restoration site received carbon subsidies from the broader estuarine landscape for both sediment carbon accumulation and invertebrate prey production. These findings demonstrate the importance of habitat connectivity and show how blue carbon and wildlife co-benefits are closely intertwined.

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2022 - Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs in Midwest grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T14:43:38.850966","indexId":"70239360","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T08:29:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs in Midwest grasslands","docAbstract":"

Context

It is estimated that over one billion milkweed stems need to be restored to sustain the eastern North American migratory population of monarch butterflies; where and in what context the stems should be placed on the landscape is key to addressing habitat deficits.

Objectives

We assessed how the amount of appropriate habitat surrounding a particular patch of monarch habitat affects monarch presence and reproduction. To ensure that habitat restoration efforts are targeted towards areas that maximize monarch population growth, it is important to understand the effects of landscape heterogeneity on monarch occurrence in habitat patches (i.e. grasslands with milkweeds) across the landscape.

Methods

Over two summers (2018–2019), we surveyed monarch adults, larvae, and eggs at sixty grassland sites in Wisconsin that varied in patch size and landscape context (proportion grassland, forest edge density, and road density). We also estimated milkweed density and floral richness to characterize local patch quality.

Results

Adult monarch abundance was highest at patches with the lowest proportion of surrounding grassland and lowest road density, and was heavily influenced by patch quality variables. Egg and larva density in a patch increased with milkweed density and floral richness within a patch. Patch size was unrelated to monarch abundance.

Conclusions

These results suggest that optimal sites for monarch habitat restoration are within landscapes which contain little habitat and that high milkweed density and floral richness and abundance should be conservation goals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-021-01341-4","usgsCitation":"Bruce, A.S., Thogmartin, W.E., Trosen, C., Oberhauser, K., and Gratton, C., 2022, Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs in Midwest grasslands: Landscape Ecology, v. 37, p. 93-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01341-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-126868","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-346846/v1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91T59BO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"R code: Landscape- and local-level variables associated with monarch breeding occurrence and abundance at patches in Wisconsin 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\"}}]}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, Anna Skye","contributorId":300718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"Skye","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trosen, Chris","contributorId":191428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trosen","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen","contributorId":191431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gratton, Claudio","contributorId":296881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gratton","given":"Claudio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241453,"text":"70241453 - 2022 - Quantifying status and trends from monitoring surveys: Application to Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T13:24:35.28598","indexId":"70241453","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T08:18:17","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Quantifying status and trends from monitoring surveys: Application to Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) in Lake Superior","title":"Quantifying status and trends from monitoring surveys: Application to Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

Population assessments of fish species often rely on data from surveys with different objectives, such as measuring biodiversity or community dynamics. These surveys often contain spatial–temporal dependencies that can greatly influence conclusions drawn from analyses. Pygmy whitefish (PWF, Prosopium coulterii) populations in Lake Superior were recently assessed as Threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Species in Canada, which motivated a thorough analysis of available data to improve our understanding of its population status. The US Geological Survey conducts annual bottom trawl surveys in Lake Superior that commonly capture PWF. We used these data (1989–2018) to model temporal trends in PWF biomass density and make lake-wide population projections. We used a Bayesian approach, integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), and compared the impact of including different random structures on model fit. Inclusion of spatial structure improved model fit and conclusions differed from models omitting random effects. PWF populations have experienced periodic fluctuations in biomass density since 1989, though 2018 may represent the lowest density in the 30-year time series. Lake-wide biomass was estimated to be 71.5 t.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2021-0155","usgsCitation":"van der Lee, A.S., Vinson, M., and Koops, M.A., 2022, Quantifying status and trends from monitoring surveys: Application to Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) in Lake Superior: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 79, no. 5, p. 795-802, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0155.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"802","ipdsId":"IP-133023","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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Lee","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vinson, Mark R. 0000-0001-5256-9539 mvinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9539","contributorId":3800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"Mark","email":"mvinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koops, Marten A.","contributorId":16715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koops","given":"Marten","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225528,"text":"70225528 - 2022 - A common garden super-experiment: An impossible dream to inspire possible synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T13:53:46.606316","indexId":"70225528","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T07:53:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A common garden super-experiment: An impossible dream to inspire possible synthesis","docAbstract":"
  1. Global change threatens plant diversity and disrupts its interrelationship with ecosystem structure and function. This disruption in turn undermines confidence in the knowledge ecologists produce, and whether it will translate into multidisciplinary research settings or guide the effective management of natural lands.
  2. To address this challenge, ecology needs to consider the interactions between different levels of biological hierarchy, especially how they feedback on, and are mediated by, plant diversity. Doing so will require conducting empirical work and developing theory that simultaneously considers multiple disciplinary perspectives and units of study.
  3. Here we advocate the use of common gardens to integrate ecology, evolutionary biology, and ecosystem science through an explicit focus on simultaneous measurement of response variables at multiple levels of biological organization. This approach will provide opportunities to evaluate assumptions important to prediction, such as space-for-time substitution, and tackle the integration of physicochemical and eco-evolutionary foundations to understanding plants and ecosystems.
  4. Synthesis: We summarize the large body of research on Sonoran Desert winter annuals to demonstrate how experimental designs that employ common gardens to integrate processes across scales hold special promise. This includes refining trait-based theories of plant strategies, providing insight into ecosystem responses to global change, and collaborating effectively with other scientific disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13793","usgsCitation":"Huxman, T.E., Winkler, D.E., and Mooney, K.A., 2022, A common garden super-experiment: An impossible dream to inspire possible synthesis: Journal of Ecology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 997-1004, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13793.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1004","ipdsId":"IP-127570","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huxman, Travis E.","contributorId":53898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Kailen A.","contributorId":229438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mooney","given":"Kailen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34134,"text":"UC Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225701,"text":"70225701 - 2022 - Predicting regional fluoride concentrations at public and domestic supply depths in basin-fill aquifers of the western United States using a random forest model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T17:13:59.830723","indexId":"70225701","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-14T07:37:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting regional fluoride concentrations at public and domestic supply depths in basin-fill aquifers of the western United States using a random forest model","docAbstract":"

A random forest regression (RFR) model was applied to over 12,000 wells with measured fluoride (F) concentrations in untreated groundwater to predict F concentrations at depths used for domestic and public supply in basin-fill aquifers of the western United States. The model relied on twenty-two regional-scale environmental and surficial predictor variables selected to represent factors known to control F concentrations in groundwater. The testing model fit R2 and RMSE were 0.52 and 0.78 mg/L. Comparisons of measured to predicted proportions of four F-concentrations categories (<0.7 mg/L, 0.7–2 mg/L, >2 mg/L – 4 mg/L, and > 4 mg/L) indicate that the model performed well at making regional-scale predictions. Differences between measured and predicted proportions indicate underprediction of measured F at values by between 4 and 20 mg/L, representing less than 1% of the regional scale predicted values. These residuals most often map to geographic regions where local-scale processes including evaporative discharge in closed basins or intermittent streams concentrate fluoride in shallow groundwater. Despite this, the RFR model provides spatially continuous F predictions across the basin-fill aquifers where discrete samples are missing. Further, the predictions capture documented areas that exceed the F maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 4 mg/L and areas that are below the oral-health benchmark of 0.7 mg/L. These predictions can be used to estimate fluoride concentrations in unmonitored areas and to aid in identifying geographic areas that may require further investigation at localized scales.



","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150960","usgsCitation":"Rosecrans, C.Z., Belitz, K., Ransom, K.M., Stackelberg, P.E., and McMahon, P.B., 2022, Predicting regional fluoride concentrations at public and domestic supply depths in basin-fill aquifers of the western United States using a random forest model: Science of the Total Environment, v. 806, no. 4, 150960, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150960.","productDescription":"150960, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129091","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P991L1ZR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Random forest regression model and prediction rasters of fluoride in groundwater in basin-fill aquifers of western United States"},{"id":391308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -106.5673828125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 37.996162679728116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"806","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosecrans, Celia Z 0000-0003-1456-4360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":260361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosecrans","given":"Celia","email":"","middleInitial":"Z","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ransom, Katherine Marie 0000-0001-6195-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-7699","contributorId":239552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":268288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70256734,"text":"70256734 - 2022 - Avian community response to a novel environment: Commercial forestry in the Campos grasslands of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-04T14:15:53.741882","indexId":"70256734","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T09:05:05","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian community response to a novel environment: Commercial forestry in the Campos grasslands of South America","docAbstract":"

Establishing commercial tree plantations in native grassland ecosystems introduces a different structural and functional vegetation cover type, with expected implications for biodiversity. To better understand biodiversity responses to afforestation, we conducted a resource-use study with birds as a focal group, during the 2013–2014 breeding season in the Northern Campos grasslands of Uruguay. We sampled birds in native environments and plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis) at different rotation stages. We recorded 103 species during 1,573 visits (10-min, 50-meter radius point counts) to 570 stratified sampling units. Native grasslands and forests exhibited greater diversity and had greater variability in species composition than structurally homogeneous plantations. Avian communities in plantations had distinct species combinations and relative abundances not found in native conditions. Avian communities in older plantations were more similar to native forests while those of newly-planted stands were more like grasslands. However, plantations were dominated by habitat generalists and some forest-dependent species, with negligible use by grassland specialist birds. Our results suggest the best conservation opportunities for grassland-dependent birds in afforested systems of the Campos of Uruguay may depend on diverse landscape-level measures rather than stand-level management practices. Albeit our research constituted a comprehensive assessment of bird taxonomic alpha and beta diversity, research on complementary diversity facets and multi-scale resource selection and demographic studies are needed to better understand the fitness implications for conserving and managing grassland birds in afforested landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119765","usgsCitation":"Martinez-Lanfranco, J., Vilella, F., and Miller, D., 2022, Avian community response to a novel environment: Commercial forestry in the Campos grasslands of South America: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 503, 119765, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119765.","productDescription":"119765, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126884","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119765","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uruguay","otherGeospatial":"Campos grasslands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -55.02238165517777,\n -31.269606260322675\n ],\n [\n -55.39690021768628,\n -31.269606260322675\n ],\n [\n -55.39690021768628,\n -31.589176017155346\n ],\n [\n -55.02238165517777,\n -31.589176017155346\n ],\n [\n -55.02238165517777,\n -31.269606260322675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"503","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinez-Lanfranco, J.A.","contributorId":264416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Lanfranco","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, D.A.","contributorId":201214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":908823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226982,"text":"70226982 - 2022 - Grasslands maintain stability in productivity through compensatory effects and dominant species stability under extreme precipitation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T13:47:19.34933","indexId":"70226982","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T07:12:16","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grasslands maintain stability in productivity through compensatory effects and dominant species stability under extreme precipitation patterns","docAbstract":"

Extreme climatic events are likely to intensify under climate change and can have different effects on ecosystems depending on their timing and magnitude. Understanding how productivity responds to extreme precipitation patterns requires assessing stability and vulnerability during critical growing periods at the plant community level. In this study, we experimentally imposed two contrasting types of extreme precipitation patterns, including extreme drought (excluding all rainfall for 30 consecutive days) during early-, mid-, and late-stages of the growing season, and heavy rainfall (adding 14.1 mm of rainfall every day for 20 consecutive days) during mid- and late-stages of the growing season over four years (2013–2016) in a steppe community in Inner Mongolia, China. We found that extreme drought and heavy rainfall had no effect on community aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species richness, and dominance at any stage of the growing season. Community stability in response to extreme drought was mainly driven by compensation among species and the stability of dominant species, while the compensatory effect among species and functional groups, and the stability of dominant species contributed to the community stability in response to heavy rainfall. Overall, our findings indicate that the responses of the ecosystem to intra-seasonal contrasting extreme precipitation patterns can be driven by similar stability mechanisms and suggest that semiarid temperate steppe communities may have strong initial resistance to more frequent extreme climatic events in the future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-021-00706-9","usgsCitation":"Gao, W., Li, L., Munson, S.M., Cui, X., Wang, Y., and Hao, Y., 2022, Grasslands maintain stability in productivity through compensatory effects and dominant species stability under extreme precipitation patterns: Ecosystems, v. 25, p. 1150-1165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00706-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1165","ipdsId":"IP-103714","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Wenlan","contributorId":265948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Wenlan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54838,"text":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Linfeng","contributorId":265951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Linfeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54838,"text":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cui, Xiaoyong","contributorId":225533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cui","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Yanfen","contributorId":265955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yanfen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54838,"text":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hao, Yanbin","contributorId":225529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hao","given":"Yanbin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70254826,"text":"70254826 - 2022 - Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T00:30:47.977971","indexId":"70254826","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T19:25:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls","docAbstract":"
  1. Corticosterone is a steroid hormone integral to a variety of physiological pathways and is strongly associated with the vertebrate stress response. In avian species, circulating corticosterone is sequestered into developing feathers and is used as an indicator of energy allocation during feather growth and widely applied in conservation physiology.
  2. The northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina is a federally threatened old-growth forest obligate of conservation concern endemic to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. The effects of landscape characteristics and individual variation on early development in spotted owls remain unstudied despite long recognition of this knowledge gap and its potential importance to species conservation.
  3. We quantified corticosterone concentrations in 4,720 feathers from 1,056 juvenile spotted owls across seven study areas between 2001 and 2017. We used an information-theoretic approach to examine the environmental and individual factors related to feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls as an indicator of challenges during early development.
  4. Feather corticosterone was positively related to temperature and precipitation, and negatively related to juvenile mass at banding. We found strong support for an interaction between mass and precipitation, with greater amounts of precipitation being associated with higher levels of feather corticosterone in lighter juveniles. The temperature and precipitation metric with the strongest relationship with feather corticosterone occurred during the fledging period, suggesting that this period presents an energetic challenge for juvenile spotted owls. Greater juvenile mass decreased the effect of precipitation, suggesting that greater mass was important for juveniles to maintain homeostasis during fledgling.
  5. Feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls provided insights to the challenges faced during early development, adding to our understanding of spotted owl life history and potential for population recovery.


","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.13944","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K., Mikkelsen, A.J., Lesmeister, D., and O’Reilly, K., 2022, Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls: Functional Ecology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13944.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-133111","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.31778778810698,\n 50.348409066155\n ],\n [\n -127.31778778810698,\n 41.04970158172003\n ],\n [\n -116.06778778810701,\n 41.04970158172003\n ],\n [\n -116.06778778810701,\n 50.348409066155\n ],\n [\n -127.31778778810698,\n 50.348409066155\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikkelsen, Ashlee J.","contributorId":337748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikkelsen","given":"Ashlee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B.","contributorId":337749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon B.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Reilly, Kathleen M.","contributorId":337750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Kathleen M.","affiliations":[{"id":61798,"text":"University of Portland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229722,"text":"70229722 - 2022 - Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T16:09:22.604731","indexId":"70229722","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T10:44:21","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls","docAbstract":"
  1. Corticosterone is a steroid hormone integral to a variety of physiological pathways and is strongly associated with the vertebrate stress response. In avian species, circulating corticosterone is sequestered into developing feathers and is used as an indicator of energy allocation during feather growth and widely applied in conservation physiology.
  2. The northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina is a federally threatened old-growth forest obligate of conservation concern endemic to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. The effects of landscape characteristics and individual variation on early development in spotted owls remain unstudied despite long recognition of this knowledge gap and its potential importance to species conservation.
  3. We quantified corticosterone concentrations in 4,720 feathers from 1,056 juvenile spotted owls across seven study areas between 2001 and 2017. We used an information-theoretic approach to examine the environmental and individual factors related to feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls as an indicator of challenges during early development.
  4. Feather corticosterone was positively related to temperature and precipitation, and negatively related to juvenile mass at banding. We found strong support for an interaction between mass and precipitation, with greater amounts of precipitation being associated with higher levels of feather corticosterone in lighter juveniles. The temperature and precipitation metric with the strongest relationship with feather corticosterone occurred during the fledging period, suggesting that this period presents an energetic challenge for juvenile spotted owls. Greater juvenile mass decreased the effect of precipitation, suggesting that greater mass was important for juveniles to maintain homeostasis during fledgling.
  5. Feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls provided insights to the challenges faced during early development, adding to our understanding of spotted owl life history and potential for population recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.13944","usgsCitation":"Mikkelsen, A., Lesmeister, D., O’Reilly, K.M., and Dugger, K., 2022, Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long-term study of juvenile northern spotted owls: Functional Ecology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13944.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-130693","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cle Elum, Coast Range, H. J. 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earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T15:43:34.617706","indexId":"70225530","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T07:48:21","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Refinements to the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generator, including a dynamically consistent slip‐rate function, applied to the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake","title":"Refinements to the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generator, including a dynamically consistent slip‐rate function, applied to the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake","docAbstract":"

The main objective of this study is to develop physics‐based constraints on the spatiotemporal variation of the slip‐rate function using a simplified dynamic rupture model. First, we performed dynamic rupture modeling of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake, to analyze the effects of depth‐dependent stress and material friction on slip rate. Then, we used our modeling results to guide refinements to the slip‐rate function that were implemented in the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generation technique. The dynamic ruptures were computed on a surface‐rupturing, planar strike‐slip fault that includes a weak (negative to low‐stress‐drop) zone in the upper 4 km of the crust. Below the weak zone, we placed high‐stress‐drop patches designed to mirror the large‐slip areas seen in various rupture model inversions of the event. The locations of the high‐stress‐drop patches and the hypocenter were varied in multiple realizations to investigate how changing the dynamic conditions affected the resulting rupture kinematics, in particular, the slip rate. From these simulations, we observed a systematic change in the shape of the slip‐rate function from Kostrov type below the weak zone to a predominantly symmetric shape within the weak zone, along with a depth‐dependent reduction of peak slip rate. We generalized these shallow rupture features into a depth‐dependent parametric variation of the slip‐rate function and implemented it in the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture model generator. The performance of the updated kinematic approach was then verified in 0–4 Hz simulations of the Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake, which showed that incorporating the depth‐dependent variation in the shape of the slip‐rate function improves the fit to the observed near‐fault ground motions in the 0.5–3 s period range.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120210138","usgsCitation":"Pitarka, A., Graves, R., Irikura, K., Miyakoshi, K., Wu, C., Kawase, H., Rodgers, A., and McCallen, D., 2022, Refinements to the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generator, including a dynamically consistent slip‐rate function, applied to the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 112, no. 1, p. 287-306, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210138.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-128577","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1827522","text":"External Repository"},{"id":390657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.1414794921875,\n 35.285984736065764\n ],\n [\n -117.1636962890625,\n 35.285984736065764\n ],\n [\n -117.1636962890625,\n 36.03577394783581\n ],\n [\n -118.1414794921875,\n 36.03577394783581\n ],\n [\n -118.1414794921875,\n 35.285984736065764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitarka, Arben","contributorId":184062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitarka","given":"Arben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irikura, Kojiro","contributorId":197122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irikura","given":"Kojiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miyakoshi, Ken","contributorId":261915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miyakoshi","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53080,"text":"Georesearch Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, Changjiang","contributorId":267867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Changjiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55521,"text":"Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kawase, Hiroshi","contributorId":267868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kawase","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36662,"text":"Kyoto University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodgers, Arthur","contributorId":197124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCallen, David","contributorId":267869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallen","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70225552,"text":"70225552 - 2022 - Hazard characterization for alternative intensity measures using the total probability theorem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T14:04:38.668436","indexId":"70225552","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T07:34:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard characterization for alternative intensity measures using the total probability theorem","docAbstract":"

Since their inception in the 1980s, simplified procedures for the analysis of liquefaction hazards have typically characterized seismic loading using a combination of peak ground acceleration and earthquake magnitude. However, more recent studies suggest that certain evolutionary intensity measures (IMs) such as Arias intensity or cumulative absolute velocity may be more efficient and sufficient predictors of liquefaction triggering and its consequences. Despite this advantage, widespread hazard characterizations for evolutionary IMs are not yet feasible due to a relatively incomplete representation of the ground motion models (GMMs) needed for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Without widely available hazard curves for evolutionary IMs, current design codes often rely on spectral targets for ground motion selection and scaling, which are shown in this study to indirectly result in low precision of evolutionary IMs often associated with liquefaction hazards. This study presents a method to calculate hazard curves for arbitrary intensity measures, such as evolutionary IMs for liquefaction hazard analyses, without requiring an existing GMM. The method involves the conversion of a known IM hazard curve into an alternative IM hazard curve using the total probability theorem. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by comparing hazard curves calculated using the total probability theorem to the results of a PSHA to demonstrate that the proposed method does not result in additional uncertainty under idealized conditions and provides a range of possible hazard values under most practical conditions. The total probability theorem method can be utilized by practitioners and researchers to select ground motion time series that target alternative IMs for liquefaction hazard analyses or other geotechnical applications. This method also allows researchers to investigate the efficiency, sufficiency, and predictability of new, alternative IMs without necessarily requiring GMMs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/87552930211049256","usgsCitation":"Greenfield, M.W., and Makdisi, A.J., 2022, Hazard characterization for alternative intensity measures using the total probability theorem: Earthquake Spectra, v. 38, no. 2, p. 1021-1046, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211049256.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1046","ipdsId":"IP-130487","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenfield, Michael W.","contributorId":267916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenfield","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40903,"text":"Greenfield Geotechnical, Portland, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Makdisi, Andrew James 0000-0002-8239-0692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-0692","contributorId":267917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makdisi","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226683,"text":"70226683 - 2022 - Evidence-based guidelines for protective actions and earthquake early warning systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T17:18:44.75365","indexId":"70226683","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T06:34:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence-based guidelines for protective actions and earthquake early warning systems","docAbstract":"

Earthquake early warning systems (EEW) are becoming increasingly available or in development throughout the world. With public alerting in Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, and parts of the United States, it is important to provide evidence-based recommendations for protective action so people can protect themselves when they receive an alert. Best-practice warning communication research suggests that providing a protective action will increase the efficacy of the message. However, given the diversity of earthquakes and building types, as well as social and cultural contexts where these systems exist, the question is: what is the best protective action to recommend? The answer lies in maximizing life-saving protective actions during an earthquake event requires both contextually relevant messaging and widespread public education about appropriate protective actions under a range of conditions. By researching previous earthquake injury literature, examining current best practices and public education campaigns, key protective actions may be determined and used to increase the life-saving potential of earthquake early warning systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/geo2021-0222.1","usgsCitation":"McBride, S.K., Smith, H., Morgoch, M., Sumy, D.F., Jenkins, M., Peek, L., Bostrom, A., Baldwin, D., Reddy, B., de Groot, R., Becker, J., Johnston, D., and Wood, M., 2022, Evidence-based guidelines for protective actions and earthquake early warning systems: Geophysics, v. 87, no. 1, p. WA77-WA102, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0222.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"WA77","endPage":"WA102","ipdsId":"IP-126352","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0222.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":392428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542 skmcbride@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":224627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara","email":"skmcbride@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Hollie","contributorId":269656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Hollie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgoch, Meredith","contributorId":269657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgoch","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sumy, Danielle F.","contributorId":197628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sumy","given":"Danielle","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Mariah","contributorId":269658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Mariah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peek, Lori","contributorId":269659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peek","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bostrom, Ann 0000-0002-6399-3404","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-3404","contributorId":239575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bostrom","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baldwin, Dare","contributorId":269660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Dare","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reddy, Beth","contributorId":269661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reddy","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"de Groot, Robert M. 0000-0001-9995-4207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-4207","contributorId":210451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Groot","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Becker, Julia","contributorId":120277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnston, David","contributorId":15935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wood, Michelle","contributorId":269662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70249752,"text":"70249752 - 2022 - An assessment of current wolf Canis lupus domestication hypotheses based on wolf ecology and behaviour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:46:26.123122","indexId":"70249752","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-10T06:44:42","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of current wolf Canis lupus domestication hypotheses based on wolf ecology and behaviour","docAbstract":"

The dog was the first domesticated animal. Its derivation from grey wolves Canis lupus is important to the study of mammalian domestication, and wolf domestication is an active area of investigation. Recent popular books have promoted a hypothesis that wolves domesticated themselves as opposed to the earliest hypothesis that featured pup collection, adoption, and artificial selection. Continuing research has produced a greater understanding of wolf ecology and behaviour, including new insights into the wolf’s interaction with humans. Several characteristics make the wolf conducive to domestication: its sociality, catholic diet, excellent individual and cultural memory, inbreeding tolerance, varied personalities, and adaptable lifestyle. The wolf’s fear of humans is the main impediment and that alone is a factor strongly disfavouring the self-selection hypothesis. However, collecting young pups from dens and raising them would foster their socialising with humans as pack members. Neither hypothesis explains how wolves undergoing domestication were separated reproductively from their wild relatives, an important condition for domestication. We combine information from the literature with information from our own research on wild wolves, archaeology, and canid morphology. We explain how pup collection and deliberate or incidental selection and encouragement to breed with similarly raised wolves could keep incipient dogs separated reproductively from wild relatives. The key is humans regularly feeding the wolves and keeping only those able to live harmoniously with humans. Well-fed, human-dependent wolves would remain near their food supply and in the company of humans, thus increasing their bonds to humans and vice versa. Outbreeding with wild wolves would thus be avoided. Generation after generation of these human-fed, raised, and selected wolves would become increasingly dependent on humans and shaped by them. The pup-adoption hypothesis presented here is more in keeping with basic wolf ecology and behaviour than the self-domestication hypothesis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mam.12273","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Janssens, L.A., 2022, An assessment of current wolf Canis lupus domestication hypotheses based on wolf ecology and behaviour: Current Biology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 304-314, https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12273.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-106198","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janssens, Luc A. A.","contributorId":331208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janssens","given":"Luc","email":"","middleInitial":"A. A.","affiliations":[{"id":79148,"text":"Ghent University, Department of Archaeology, UFO, Sint Pietersniewstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70229707,"text":"70229707 - 2022 - Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T15:30:14.386184","indexId":"70229707","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T11:28:59","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100","title":"Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100","docAbstract":"

Coastal wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico support a wide diversity of wildlife, are important nurseries for sport and commercial fisheries, provide erosion and flood control, and serve many other ecological functions and services. These marshes have been declining in area and degrading at alarming rates since the 1930s. Effective conservation planning is vital to protect these ecosystems, but decision makers often lack knowledge of expected future conditions to strategically target conservation actions. To address this issue, we focus on a species of conservation concern, the mottled duck (<i>Anas fulvigula</i>), that resides year-round in the coastal marshes of the Gulf of Mexico. We used location data collected from radiomarked hen mottled ducks from 2006 to 2011 to create an ensemble model of habitat selection for 2010. We then projected future habitat states using models of sea-level rise and human development. By combining future predictions with our ensemble model, we predict future habitat for mottled ducks through 2100, in 20-year time steps beginning with 2020. Sea-level rise models predicted reductions in coastal marsh habitats and our ensemble model predict corresponding declines in overall habitat quantity and quality for mottled ducks, with the largest rate of habitat loss predicted within the Chenier Plain of Louisiana, USA at 71%. In some areas, particularly the Texas Mid-Coast, USA, future urbanization and human development is expected to reduce the ability of wetland habitat to migrate inland with rising sea-levels. Our results also highlight areas of coastal marsh particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise; and conversely, identify areas most likely to persist into the future that could be targeted for habitat conservation to help mottled ducks persist on the landscape.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108276","usgsCitation":"Moon, J., Lehnen, S., Metzger, K., Squires, M., Brasher, M., Wilson, B., Conway, W., Haukos, D.A., Davis, B., Rohwer, F., Wehland, E., and Ballard, B., 2022, Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100: Ecological Indicators, v. 132, 108276, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108276.","productDescription":"108276, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132508","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.94287109375,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 31.062345409804408\n ],\n [\n -98.94287109375,\n 31.062345409804408\n ],\n [\n -98.94287109375,\n 27.254629577800063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, J.A.","contributorId":288507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lehnen, 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M.G.","contributorId":288514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brasher","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61782,"text":"3Ducks Unlimited, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, B.C.","contributorId":288516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conway, W.C.","contributorId":288517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61784,"text":"Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, B.E.","contributorId":288518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"B.E.","affiliations":[{"id":61785,"text":"Minnesota Deptartment of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rohwer, F.C.","contributorId":288519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohwer","given":"F.C.","affiliations":[{"id":61786,"text":"Delta Waterfowl Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wehland, E.M.","contributorId":288665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehland","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ballard, B.M.","contributorId":95028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70230109,"text":"70230109 - 2022 - Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T12:16:20.429434","indexId":"70230109","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T11:23:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate","docAbstract":"

Adaptive capacity (AC)—the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change—is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species’ AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species’ attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species’ AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species’ innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species’ AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13838","usgsCitation":"Thurman, L., Gross, J.E., Mengelt, C., Beever, E.A., Thompson, L., Schuurman, G.W., Hoving, C., and Olden, J., 2022, Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate: Conservation Biology, v. 36, no. 2, e13838, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13838.","productDescription":"e13838, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123915","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49226,"text":"Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, Lindsey 0000-0003-3142-4909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-4909","contributorId":269425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, John E.","contributorId":106777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mengelt, Claudia 0000-0001-7869-5170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-5170","contributorId":147690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mengelt","given":"Claudia","affiliations":[{"id":16901,"text":"National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":207364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W. 0000-0002-9304-7742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7742","contributorId":147698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16909,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoving, Christopher","contributorId":289379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoving","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":202893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70233459,"text":"70233459 - 2022 - Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T14:22:14.444931","indexId":"70233459","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T09:19:01","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks","docAbstract":"

Premise

Ecologists have an incomplete understanding of the factors that select for deciduous, evergreen, and marcescent leaf habits. Evergreens have more opportunities for photosynthesis but may experience costs when abiotic conditions are unfavorable such as during ice and windstorms.

Methods

We documented branch loss for species of oaks (Quercus spp.) in a common garden in California during an unusual windstorm.

Results

Branches of marcescent trees were more likely to break during the storm, and this pattern had a negligible phylogenetic signature. Branches of evergreen and marcescent species were mostly alive before breaking, which likely accrued a fitness cost, while those of deciduous species were mostly already dead. One explanation for the overrepresentation of broken branches from marcescent species is that their petioles are inflexible and have greater wind loading compared to the flexible petioles of evergreen leaves and the leafless condition of deciduous branches.

Conclusions

These results suggest that branch loss during unusual winter storms may be an important cost of a marcescent leaf habit.

","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.1763","usgsCitation":"Karban, R., and Pearse, I.S., 2022, Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks: American Journal of Botany, v. 108, no. 11, p. 2309-2314, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1763.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2309","endPage":"2314","ipdsId":"IP-128417","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1763","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":404218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karban, Richard","contributorId":293502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karban","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223313,"text":"70223313 - 2022 - Development of a multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to identify coinfections in young-of-the-year smallmouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T15:36:43.061897","indexId":"70223313","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T09:01:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to identify coinfections in young-of-the-year smallmouth bass","docAbstract":"

Histopathological assessments of young-of-the-year (age-0) Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu in the Susquehanna River drainage identified a high prevalence of the myxozoan Myxobolus inornatus. This myxozoan infects the connective tissue of the muscle below the skin but is sometimes observed in the esophagus and buccal cavity. In some instances, shallow infections cause breaks in the skin, which could increase the chance of opportunistic bacterial infections. Several microbial pathogens, including Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas spp., and Largemouth Bass virus, have also been cultured from clinically diseased young of year. A multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to determine potential colocalization of M. inornatus, Flavobacterium spp., and Aeromonas spp. infections. With FISH, 75% of age-0 Smallmouth Bass exhibited M. inornatus infections, 10% had Aeromonas spp. infections, and 5% had Flavobacterium spp. infections, while 3% had coinfections with both bacterial species and M. inornatus. The results of the multiplex FISH assay revealed a low occurrence of coinfections of Flavobacterium spp. and/or Aeromonas spp. with M. inornatus in randomly sampled individuals.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/aah.10144","usgsCitation":"Walsh, H.L., Blazer, V., and Mazik, P.M., 2022, Development of a multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to identify coinfections in young-of-the-year smallmouth bass: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 34, no. 1, p. 12-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10144.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-128341","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10144","text":"External Repository"},{"id":391011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.0411376953125,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -75.6243896484375,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -75.6243896484375,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -79.0411376953125,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -79.0411376953125,\n 39.78321267821705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}