This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in the Stillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increases in total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased because of the positive δV of nucleation of CO2 bubbles in the melt and their subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during which the bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. By analogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers of Kilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0⋅2–0⋅25 kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwater chamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining and mixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber with the somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is based upon calculations using observed and inferred velocities and flow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures. The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed, rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing of the new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromite crystallizing alone did not take place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/34.5.955","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lipin, B., 1993, Pressure increases, the formation of chromite seams, and the development of the ultramafic series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: Journal of Petrology, v. 34, no. 5, p. 955-976, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/34.5.955.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"976","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b5be4b0c8380cd7e219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipin, B. R.","contributorId":61031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipin","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017878,"text":"70017878 - 1993 - Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017878","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model","docAbstract":"A program was developed to extract hydraulic information required for bridge-scour computations, from the Water-Surface Profile computation model (WSPRO). The program is written in compiled BASIC and is menu driven. Using only ground points, the program can compute average ground elevation, cross-sectional area below a specified datum, or create a Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) fie of cross section. Using both ground points ad hydraulic information form the equal-conveyance tubes computed by WSPRO, the program can compute hydraulic parameters at a user-specified station or in a user-specified subsection of the cross section. The program can identify the maximum velocity in a cross section and the velocity and depth at a user-specified station. The program also can identify the maximum velocity in the cross section and the average velocity, average depth, average ground elevation, width perpendicular to the flow, cross-sectional area of flow, and discharge in a subsection of the cross section. This program does not include any help or suggestions as to what data should be extracted; therefore, the used must understand the scour equations and associated variables to the able to extract the proper information from the WSPRO output.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 1993, Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1714-1719.","startPage":"1714","endPage":"1719","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f27ae4b0c8380cd4b1cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536385,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017870,"text":"70017870 - 1993 - Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017870","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy","docAbstract":"Exploitation of hydrothermal systems on active basaltic volcanoes poses some unique questions about the role of volcanism and hydrothermal system evolution. Volcanic activity creates and maintains hydrothermal systems while earthquakes create permeable fractures that, at least temporarily, enhance circulation. Magma and water, possibly hydrothermal water, can interact violently to produce explosive eruptions. Finally, we speculate on whether volcanic behavior can be affected by high rates of heat extraction.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Kauhikaua, J., and Moore, R.B., 1993, Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 129-133.","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0423e4b0c8380cd507e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536384,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kauhikaua, Jim","contributorId":11354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauhikaua","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017868,"text":"70017868 - 1993 - Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:20:46.35207","indexId":"70017868","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin","docAbstract":"Quaternary basanites were recovered from shallow water depth from the continental margin of the Bering Sea (58°39.0′N, 177°12.9′W) near Navarin Basin. The basanites are highly vesicular flow rock and hyaloclastites similar to other alkalic volcanic rocks erupted repeatedly during the late Cenozoic on islands in the Bering Sea region and in mainland Alaska. K–Ar ages for the basanites indicate at least two episodes of volcanism at about 1.1 and 0.4 Ma. Similar alkalic volcanism occurred sporadically at geographically widely separated centers in the Bering Sea region for at least the past 6 Ma. Chemically, these alkalic lavas are intraplate basalts similar to those erupted from oceanic islands and in some continental settings. Trace-element data indicate these alkalic lavas have been generated by small, but variable, amounts of partial melting of a meta-somatized lherzolite source. The relatively primitive compositions (MgO > 9%), presence of mantle-derived xenoliths in some alkalic lavas, and presence of forsteritic olivine with low CaO and high NiO suggest that magma rose rapidly from greath depth without spending time in large, long-lived magma chambers. Although lavas from different volcanic centers in the Bering Sea region are similar with respect to major elements and many trace-element ratios, isotopic compositions indicate heterogeneities in the source. The Navarin basanites have higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 143Nd/144Nd values than any other lavas so far reported from this region. The 207Pb/204Pb isotopic ratios indicate involvement of a crustal component, which may have resulted from metasomatism associated with subduction-related magmatic activity during the Early Eocene in this region. Although some volcanic episodes appear to have occurred roughly synchronously at geographically widely separated centers, no large-scale regional extension nor presence of large mantle plumes are indicated. Instead, alkalic volcanism apparently resulted from upwelling and decompressional melting of small isolated mantle diapirs in response to local lithospheric attenuation associated with jostling of blocks during adjustment to regional stresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e93-081","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.S., Gunn, S., Gray, L., Marlow, M.S., and Wong, F.L., 1993, Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 30, no. 5, p. 975-984, https://doi.org/10.1139/e93-081.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"984","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Navarin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 64.01937447302842\n ],\n [\n -185.30270672550836,\n 64.01937447302842\n ],\n [\n -185.30270672550836,\n 53.06258501763452\n ],\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 53.06258501763452\n ],\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 64.01937447302842\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7823e4b0c8380cd78649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, A. S.","contributorId":41424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunn, S.H.","contributorId":65236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, L.-B.","contributorId":10171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"L.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017865,"text":"70017865 - 1993 - An engineering rock classification to evaluate seismic rock-fall susceptibility and its application to the Wasatch Front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:29:18.596741","indexId":"70017865","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An engineering rock classification to evaluate seismic rock-fall susceptibility and its application to the Wasatch Front","docAbstract":"Investigations of earthquakes world wide show that rock falls are the most abundant type of landslide that is triggered by earthquakes. An engineering classification originally used in tunnel design, known as the rock mass quality designation (Q), was modified for use in rating the susceptibility of rock slopes to seismically-induced failure. Analysis of rock-fall concentrations and Q-values for the 1980 earthquake sequence near Mammoth Lakes, California, defines a well-constrained upper bound that shows the number of rock falls per site decreases rapidly with increasing Q. Because of the similarities of lithology and slope between the Eastern Sierra Nevada Range near Mammoth Lakes and the Wasatch Front near Salt Lake City, Utah, the probabilities derived from analysis of the Mammoth Lakes region were used to predict rock-fall probabilities for rock slopes near Salt Lake City in response to a magnitude 6.0 earthquake. These predicted probabilities were then used to generalize zones of rock-fall susceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxx.3.293","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Noble, M., 1993, An engineering rock classification to evaluate seismic rock-fall susceptibility and its application to the Wasatch Front: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 30, no. 3, p. 293-319, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxx.3.293.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3ae4b0c8380cd48707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017839,"text":"70017839 - 1993 - Influences of Relative Sea-Level Rise and Mississippi River Delta Plain Evolution on the Holocene Middle Amite River, Southeastern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017839","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of Relative Sea-Level Rise and Mississippi River Delta Plain Evolution on the Holocene Middle Amite River, Southeastern Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Holocene geomorphic history of southeastern Louisiana's middle Amite River is recorded in the stratigraphy of three alloformations, identified in decreasing age as the Watson (WAT), Denham Springs (DS), and Magnolia Bridge (MAG). The WAT meander belt formed by at least 9000 yr B.P., when sea level was lower and the Amite River was tributary to a larger ancestral drainage basin. The DS became an active meander belt by at least 3000 yr B.P., in response to relative sea-level rise and eastward progradation of the Mississippi River delta plain. The MAG developed its meander belt, in part, during the European settlement of the drainage basin, and is now attempting to adjust to modern anthropogenic influences. Geomorphic influences on the middle Amite River floodplain have temporal and spatial components that induce regional- and local-scale effects. Regional extrinsic influences caused meander belt avulsion that produced alloformations. However, local influences produced intrinsic geomorphic thresholds that modified channel morphology within a meander belt but did not induce alloformation development. Base-level influences of the relative sea-level rise and the Mississippi River delta plain were so dominant that the effects of possible climate change were not recognized in the Holocene Amite River system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1993.1008","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Autin, W., 1993, Influences of Relative Sea-Level Rise and Mississippi River Delta Plain Evolution on the Holocene Middle Amite River, Southeastern Louisiana: Quaternary Research, v. 39, no. 1, p. 68-74, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1008.","startPage":"68","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1008"},{"id":228866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b9ae4b0c8380cd626bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Autin, W.J.","contributorId":7436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Autin","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017803,"text":"70017803 - 1993 - The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T10:58:21","indexId":"70017803","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America","docAbstract":"Wetlands are a common landscape feature in the Arctic, Subarctic, and north Temperate zones of North America. In all three-zones, the occurrnce of seasonal frost results in similar surface-water processes in the early spring. For example, surface ice and snow generally melt before the soil frost thaws, causing melt water to flow into depressions, over the land surface and at times, across low topographic divides. However, evapotranspiration and ground-water movement differ among the three climatic zones because they are more affected by permafrost than seasonal frost. The water source for plants in the Arctic is restricted to the small volume of subsurface water lying above the permafrost. Although this is also true in the Subarctic where permafrost exists, where it does not, plants may receive and possibly reflect, more regional ground-water sources. Where permafrost exists, the interaction of wetlands with subsurface water is largely restricted to shallow local flow systems. But where permafrost is absent in parts of the Subarctic and all of the Temperature zone, wetlands may have a complex interaction with ground-water-flow systems of all magnitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90043-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Woo, M., and Winter, T.C., 1993, The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America: Journal of Hydrology, v. 141, no. 1-4, p. 5-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90043-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf8ee4b08c986b3248aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woo, M.-K.","contributorId":23704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"M.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017792,"text":"70017792 - 1993 - Geologic assessments and characterization of marine sand resources - Gulf of Mexico region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:18:22","indexId":"70017792","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic assessments and characterization of marine sand resources - Gulf of Mexico region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducts geologic surveys and research in marine areas of the United States and its territories and possessions. An objective in some of the investigations is locating and evaluating marine sand and gravel resources and interpretation of the origins of the sand body deposits. Results from such studies over the past 30 years show that many extremely large deposits are located close to expanding metropolitan areas, which have a need for aggregate materials for construction, and near-developed coastal areas, where beach replenishment may be used to mitigate coastal erosion. The Gulf of Mexico continental shelf from the Florida Peninsula to the Mexico border is an enormous area, but little attention has been directed on sand and gravel resources. Based on limited surveys, the total sand and gravel resources for the entire Gulf of Mexico is estimated to be 269 billion cubic meters. However, the sand tends to be fine-grained and is often mixed with mud; gravel deposits, except for shell, are mostly nonexistent.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone: Proceedings of the symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 19-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","isbn":"0872629600","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.J., and Cichon, H.A., 1993, Geologic assessments and characterization of marine sand resources - Gulf of Mexico region, in Coastal zone: Proceedings of the symposium on coastal and ocean management, New Orleans, LA, July 19-23, 1993, p. 217-223.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n -94.2626953125,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -97.6025390625,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 22.63429269379353\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 19.352610894378625\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 18.35452552912664\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 21.453068633086783\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.562265014427492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1931e4b0c8380cd558dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cichon, Helana A.","contributorId":74896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cichon","given":"Helana","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017776,"text":"70017776 - 1993 - Terrestrial and marine records of climatic and environmental changes during the Pliocene in subtropical Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:17:38.128102","indexId":"70017776","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial and marine records of climatic and environmental changes during the Pliocene in subtropical Florida","docAbstract":"Pollen, ostracode, and benthic foraminifer assemblages deposited during sea-level high-stands in subtropical Florida record a climate change during the period 4.5-1.0 Ma. Before 3.5 Ma, open-shelf marine faunas and pollen assemblages with abundant Pinus, Quercus, Fagus, Carya, and nonarboreal pollen were present, indicating cooler conditions than today. From ∼3.5 to 1.0 Ma, marine and terrestrial records indicate warmer conditions, similar to those existing in south Florida today. Combined with evidence for much warmer than modern conditions at high latitudes, these data suggest that increased poleward oceanic heat transport, possibly related to the emergence of the Central American isthmus between ∼3.5 and 2.5 Ma, was a major influence on mid-Pliocene warmth.
The sulfur contents and sulfur isotopic compositions of 24 glassy submarine volcanics from the Mariana Island Arc and back-arc Mariana Trough were determined in order to investigate the hypothesis that subducted seawater sulfur (δ34S= 21‰) is recycled through arc volcanism. Our results for sulfur are similar to those for subaerial arc volcanics: Mariana Arc glasses are enriched in34S (δ34S=up to10.3‰,mean= 3.8‰) and depleted in S (20–290 ppm, mean = 100 ppm) relative to MORB (850 ppm S,δ34S= 0.1 ± 0.5‰). The back-arc trough basalts contain 200–930 ppm S and haveδ34S values of1.1 ± 0.5‰, which overlap those for the arc and MORB. The low sulfur contents of the arc and some of the trough glasses are attributed to (1) early loss of small amounts of sulfur through separation of immiscible sulfide and (2) later vapor-melt equilibrium control of sulfur contents and loss of sulfur in a vapor phase from sulfide-undersaturated melts near the minimum in sulfur solubility atƒO2 ≈NNO (nickel-nickel oxide). Although these processes removed sulfur from the melts their effects on the sulfur isotopic compositions of the melts were minimal. Positive trends ofδ34S with87Sr/86Sr, LILE and LREE contents of the arc volcanics are consistent with a metasomatic seawater sulfur component in the depleted sub-arc mantle source. The lack of a34S-rich slab signature in the trough lavas may be attributed to equilibration of metasomatic fluid with mantle material along the longer pathway from the slab to the source of the trough volcanics. Sulfur is likely to have been transported into the mantle wedge by metasomatic fluid derived from subducted sediments and pore fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(93)90057-G","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Alt, J., Shanks, W.C., and Jackson, M., 1993, Cycling of sulfur in subduction zones: The geochemistry of sulfur in the Mariana Island Arc and back-arc trough: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 119, no. 4, p. 477-494, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90057-G.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/30563","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd27e4b0c8380cd4e676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alt, J.C.","contributorId":72951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, M.C.","contributorId":33868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017488,"text":"70017488 - 1993 - Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:07:33","indexId":"70017488","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","docAbstract":"Nearly a decade of intensive geophysical logging at fractured rock hydrology research sites indicates that geophysical logs can be used to identify and characterize fractures intersecting boreholes. However, borehole-to-borehole flow tests indicate that only a few of the apparently open fractures found to intersect boreholes conduct flow under test conditions. This paper presents a systematic approach to fracture characterization designed to define the distribution of fractures along boreholes, relate the measured fracture distribution to structure and lithology of the rock mass, and define the nature of fracture flow paths across borehole arrays. Conventional electrical resistivity, gamma, and caliper logs are used to define lithology and large-scale structure. Borehole wall image logs obtained with the borehole televiewer are used to give the depth, orientation, and relative size of fractures in situ. High-resolution flowmeter measurements are used to identify fractures conducting flow in the rock mass adjacent to the boreholes. Changes in the flow field over time are used to characterize the hydraulic properties of fracture intersections between boreholes. Application of this approach to an array of 13 boreholes at the Mirror Lake, New Hamsphire site demonstrates that the transient flow analysis can be used to distinguish between fractures communicating with each other between observation boreholes, and those that are hydraulically isolated from each other in the surrounding rock mass. The Mirror Lake results also demonstrate that the method is sensitive to the effects of boreholes on the hydraulic properties of the fractured-rock aquifer. Experiments conducted before and after the drilling of additional boreholes in the array and before and after installation of packers in existing boreholes demonstrate that the presence of new boreholes or the inflation of packers in existing boreholes has a large effect on the measured hydraulic properties of the rock mass surrounding the borehole array.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1993, Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 30, no. 4, p. 261-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc038e4b08c986b329fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017483,"text":"70017483 - 1993 - The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T12:02:05","indexId":"70017483","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","docAbstract":"The development of faults and shear fracture systems over a broad range of temperature and pressure and for a variety of rock types involves the growth and interaction of microcracks. Acoustic emission (AE), which is produced by rapid microcrack growth, is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with brittle fracture and has provided a wealth of information regarding the failure process in rock. This paper reviews the successes and limitations of AE studies as applied to the fracture process in rock with emphasis on our ability to predict rock failure. Application of laboratory AE studies to larger scale problems related to the understanding of earthquake processes is also discussed. In this context, laboratory studies can be divided into the following categories. 1) Simple counting of the number of AE events prior to sample failure shows a correlation between AE rate and inelastic strain rate. Additional sorting of events by amplitude has shown that AE events obey the power law frequency-magnitude relation observed for earthquakes. These cumulative event count techniques are being used in conjunction with damage mechanics models to determine how damage accumulates during loading and to predict failure. 2) A second area of research involves the location of hypocenters of AE source events. This technique requires precise arrival time data of AE signals recorded over an array of sensors that are essentially a miniature seismic net. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of event hypocenters has improved our understanding of the progression of microcrack growth and clustering leading to rock failure. Recently, fracture nucleation and growth have been studied under conditions of quasi-static fault propagation by controlling stress to maintain constant AE rate. 3) A third area of study involves the analysis of full waveform data as recorded at receiver sites. One aspect of this research has been to determine fault plane solutions of AE source events from first motion data. These studies show that in addition to pure tensile and double couple events, a significant number of more complex event types occur in the period leading to fault nucleation. 4) P and S wave velocities (including spatial variations) and attenuation have been obtained by artificially generating acoustic pulses which are modified during passage through the sample. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., 1993, The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 7, p. 883-899, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B.","startPage":"883","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265934,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf4de4b08c986b3246cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017395,"text":"70017395 - 1993 - Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T18:51:43.158094","indexId":"70017395","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","docAbstract":"Sediment trap deployments in estuaries provide a method for estimating the amount of organic material transported to the sediments from the euphotic zone. The amino acid composition of suspended particles, benthic sediment, and sediment-trap material collected at 2.4 m, 5.8 m, and 7.9 m depths in the Potomac Estuary was determined in stratified summer waters, and in well-mixed oxygenated waters (DO) in late fall. The total vertical flow, or flux, of material into the top traps ranged from 3 g m-2 d-1 in August to 4.9 g m-2 d-1 in October. The carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased in the deepest traps relative to the surface traps during both sampling periods, along with that of the total material flux (up to 47.3 g m-2 d-1 in the deepest trap), although the actual weight percent of organic carbon and organic nitrogen decreased with depth. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 129 mg g-1 in surface water particulate material to 22 mg g-1 in particulate material in 9-m-deep waters and in the benthic sediment. Amino acid concentrations from 2.4-mg-depth sediment traps averaged 104??29 mg g-1 in stratified waters and 164??81 mg g-1 in well-mixed waters. The deep trap samples averaed, 77.3??4.8 mg g-1 amino acids in summer waters and 37??16 mg g-1 in oxygenated fall waters. Amino acids comprised 13% to 39% of the organic carbon and 12% to 89% of the orgnaic nitrogen in these samples. Analysis of the flux results suggest that resuspension combined with lateral advection from adjacent slopes can account for up to 27% of the material in the deep traps when the estuary was well-mixed and unstratified. When the estuary was stratified in late summer, the amino acid carbon produced by primary productivity in the euphotic zone decreased by 85% (86% for total organic carbon) at the pycnocline at 6 m depth, leaving up to 15% of the vertical organic flux available for benthic sediment deposition. ?? 1993 Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352588","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, A., and Shultz, D., 1993, Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 405-415, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352588.","startPage":"405","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b8e4b0c8380cd483e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017387,"text":"70017387 - 1993 - Impact-shocked zircons: Discovery of shock-induced textures reflecting increasing degrees of shock metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T01:01:19.752159","indexId":"70017387","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact-shocked zircons: Discovery of shock-induced textures reflecting increasing degrees of shock metamorphism","docAbstract":"Textural effects specifically characteristic of shock metamorphism in zircons from impact environments have not been reported previously. However, planar deformation features (PDF) due to shock metamorphism are well documented in quartz and other mineral grains from these same environments. An etching technique was developed that allows SEM visualization of PDF and other probable shock-induced textural features, such as granular (polycrystalline) texture, in zircons from a variety of impact shock environments. These textural features in shocked zircons from K/T boundary distal ejecta form a series related to increasing degrees of shock that should correlate with proportionate resetting of the UPb isotopic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(93)90149-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., Betterton, W., and Krogh, T., 1993, Impact-shocked zircons: Discovery of shock-induced textures reflecting increasing degrees of shock metamorphism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 119, no. 3, p. 419-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90149-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38dae4b0c8380cd616f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betterton, W.J.","contributorId":44668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betterton","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krogh, T.E.","contributorId":18915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krogh","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007979,"text":"1007979 - 1993 - Boron, molybdenum, and selenium in aquatic food chains from the lower San Joaquin River and its tributaries, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:39:40","indexId":"1007979","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron, molybdenum, and selenium in aquatic food chains from the lower San Joaquin River and its tributaries, California","docAbstract":"Boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se) were measured in water, sediment, particulate organic detritus, and in various biota—filamentous algae, net plankton, macroinvertebrates, and fishes—to determine if concentrations were elevated from exposure to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage during the spring and fall 1987, in the San Joaquin River, California. Concentrations of B and Se, but not Mo, were higher in most samples from reaches receiving tile drainage than in samples from reaches receiving no tile drainage. Maximum concentrations of Se in water (0.025 μg/mL), sediment (3.0 μg/g), invertebrates (14 μg/g), and fishes (17 μg/g) measured during this study exceeded concentrations that are detrimental to sensitive warmwater fishes. Toxic threshold concentrations of B and Mo in fishes and their foods have not been identified. Boron and Mo were not biomagnified in the aquatic food chain, because concentrations of these two elements were usually higher in filamentous algae and detritus than in invertebrates and fishes. Concentrations of Se were lower in filamentous algae than in invertebrates and fishes; however, concentrations of Se in or on detritus were similar to or higher than in invertebrates and fishes. These observations suggest that high concentrations of Se accumulated in invertebrates and fishes through food-chain transfer from Se-enriched detritus rather than from filamentous algae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01128729","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Jennings, M.R., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1993, Boron, molybdenum, and selenium in aquatic food chains from the lower San Joaquin River and its tributaries, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 307-319, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01128729.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Mark R.","contributorId":31345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017385,"text":"70017385 - 1993 - Geologic and geomorphic controls of coal development in some Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T00:39:47.417812","indexId":"70017385","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and geomorphic controls of coal development in some Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, USA","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have not well defined the controls on the development of minable coals in fluvial environments. This study was undertaken to provide a clearer understanding of these controls, particularly in of the lower Tertiary coal-bearing deposits of the Raton and Powder River basins in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. In this region, large amounts of coals accumulated in swamps formed in the flow-through fluvial systems that infilled these intermontane basins. Extrabasinal and intrabasinal tectonism partly controlled the stratigraphic and facies distributions of minable coal deposits. The regional accumulation of coals was favored by the rapid basin subsidence coupled with minimal uplift of the source area. During these events, coals developed in swamps associated with anastomosed and meandering fluvial systems and alluvial fans. The extensive and high rate of sediment input from these fluvial systems promoted the formation of ombrotrophic, raised swamps, which produced low ash and anomalously thick coals. The petrology and palynology of these coals, and the paleobotany of the associated sediments, suggest that ombrotrophic, raised swamps were common in the Powder River Basin, where the climate during the early Tertiary was paratropical. The paleoecology of these swamps is identical to that of the modern ombrotrophic, raised swamps of the Baram and Mahakam Rivers of Borneo.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02718285","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Baker, J., 1993, Trace contaminants and nutrients in estuaries: The importance of process interdependence: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 383-384, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"384","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718285"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb631e4b08c986b326afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, J.E.","contributorId":86115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017370,"text":"70017370 - 1993 - Lead isotopic evidence for the origin of Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Colorado Province, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:55:56.631096","indexId":"70017370","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopic evidence for the origin of Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Colorado Province, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Lead isotopic ratios of K-feldspars and whole-rocks from 1.7- and 1.4-Ga plutonic rocks of the Colorado Province are relatively non-radiogenic for 207Pb 204Pb, plotting below the average crust model curve of Stacey and Kramers (1975), indicating that the terrane was derived primarily from juvenile, mantle material. Slightly more radiogenic ratios in the northern part of the terrane, near the Archean Wyoming Province, suggest minor inclusion of an older component. The data from 1.7-Ga plutons plot in a broad field suggesting two episodes of re-equilibration with whole-rock Pb, probably related to heating events in the Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) and Cretaceous (70 Ma). Possible differences in calculated whole-rock Th U, coupled with slight Pb isotopic variations, along the north-south transect suggest either a terrane boundary through central Colorado (near Salida and Gunnison), or fundamental differences in source rocks (metasedimentary vs. metavolcanic). UPb analyses of multigrain splits of detrital zircons from quartzites throughout the Colorado Province have failed to identify Archean detritus. The oldest 207Pb 206Pb ages found (in two samples of quartzite from northern Colorado) are about 2.0 Ga (perhaps derived from rocks of the Trans-Hudson orogen), in contrast to 2.75-Ga detrital zircon in a Paleoproterozoic quartzite from the southern part of the Wyoming Province. While we are not yet able to discern if these ages are true provenance ages or mixtures of Archean and Paleoproterozoic components, the absence of easily recognizable Archean zircons supports other isotopic data and a conclusion that most of the Paleoproterozoic crust of the Colorado Province was ultimately derived from a juvenile (at 1.8 Ga) mantle reservoir. ?? 1993.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(93)90007-O","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Reed, J.C., and Wooden, J.L., 1993, Lead isotopic evidence for the origin of Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Colorado Province, U.S.A.: Precambrian Research, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 97-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(93)90007-O.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45c9e4b0c8380cd674c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, J. C. Jr.","contributorId":97063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007963,"text":"1007963 - 1993 - Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:18","indexId":"1007963","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Saethre, M., and Medica, P., 1993, Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 4, p. 154-155.","productDescription":"p. 154-155","startPage":"154","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saethre, M.B.","contributorId":11536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saethre","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017364,"text":"70017364 - 1993 - Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:56:48","indexId":"70017364","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","docAbstract":"Evaluation of Neuman's analytical solution for flow to a well in a homogeneous, anisotropic, water-table aquifer commonly requires large amounts of computation time and can produce inaccurate results for selected combinations of parameters. Large computation times occur because the integrand of a semi-infinite integral involves the summation of an infinite series. Each term of the series requires evaluation of the roots of equations, and the series itself is sometimes slowly convergent. Inaccuracies can result from lack of computer precision or from the use of improper methods of numerical integration. In this paper it is proposed to use a method of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution, provided by Neuman, to overcome these difficulties. The solution in Laplace space is simpler in form than the real-time solution; that is, the integrand of the semi-infinite integral does not involve an infinite series or the need to evaluate roots of equations. Because the integrand is evaluated rapidly, advanced methods of numerical integration can be used to improve accuracy with an overall reduction in computation time. The proposed method of computing type curves, for which a partially documented computer program (WTAQ1) was written, was found to reduce computation time by factors of 2 to 20 over the time needed to evaluate the closed-form, real-time solution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1993, Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 6, p. 966-971, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"971","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f950e4b0c8380cd4d565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017360,"text":"70017360 - 1993 - Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:38:20","indexId":"70017360","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment and water samples were collected from San Francisco Bay in 1991 during low river discharge and after spring rains. All samples were analyzed for organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides; petroleum hydrocarbons; biomarkers; and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The objectives were to determine the concentrations of these contaminants in water and suspended sediment during two different hydrologic conditions and to determine partition coefficients of the contaminants between water and sediment. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, varied with location of sample collection, riverine discharge, and tidal cycle. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in suspended sediments were highest during low river discharge but became diluted as agricultural soils entered the bay after spring rains. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons defined as dissolved in the water column were not detected. The concentrations sorbed on suspended sediments were variable and were dependent on sediment transport patterns in the bay. In contrast, the relatively hydrophilic organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon, has a more uniform concentration in suspended sediment. These pesticides were detected only after spring rains. Most of the measured diazinon, at least 98% for all samples, was in the dissolved phase. Measured partition coefficients for diazinon generally were uniform, which suggests that suspended-sediment concentrations were close to equilibrium with dissolved concentrations. The concentration of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, at any given sampling site, was driven primarily by the more abundant solution concentration. The concentrations of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, therefore, were independent of the patterns of sediment movement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352589","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K., 1993, Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 416-426, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352589.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"426","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0328e4b0c8380cd50385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007947,"text":"1007947 - 1993 - Effects of parasitic castration on growth, reproduction and population dynamics of Cerithidea californica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:39:55.758803","indexId":"1007947","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of parasitic castration on growth, reproduction and population dynamics of Cerithidea californica","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Scientific Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps096229","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 1993, Effects of parasitic castration on growth, reproduction and population dynamics of Cerithidea californica: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 96, p. 229-237, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps096229.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486974,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps096229","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ad2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}