Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous, work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concenrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352604","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Luther, G., 1993, Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352604.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718304"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0241e4b0c8380cd4ff84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luther, G.W.","contributorId":37913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luther","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017350,"text":"70017350 - 1993 - Composition of steam in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O-quartz at 600°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T15:47:31","indexId":"70017350","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of steam in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O-quartz at 600°C","docAbstract":"In the system NaCl-KCl-H2O, with and without ??-quartz present, steam was equilibrated in a large-volume reaction vessel with brine and/or precipitated salt at 600??C and pressures ranging from about 100 to 0.4 MPa. Episodically, steam was extracted for chemical analysis, accompanied by a decrease in pressure within the reaction vessel. In the absence of precipitated salt, within the analytical uncertainty stoichiometric quantities of Cl and total alkali, metals (Na + K) dissolve in steam coexisting with chloriderich brine. In contrast, in the presence of precipitated salt (in our experiments halite with some KCl in solid solution), significant excess chloride as associated hydrogen chloride (HCl0??) dissolves in steam. The HCl0 is generated by the reaction of steam with solid NaCl(s), producing solid NaOH(s) that diffuses into halite, forming a solid solution. In our quasistatic experiments, compared to dynamic flow-through experiments of others, higher initial ratios of H2O/NaCl have apparently resulted in higher model fractions of NaOH(s) in solid solution in halite. This, in turn, resulted in incrementally higher concentrations of associated NaOHo dissolved in steam. Addition of quartz to the system NaCl + KC1 + H2O resulted in an order of magnitude increase in the concentration of HCl0 dissolved in steam, apparently as a consequence of the formation of sodium disilicate by reaction of silica with NaOH(s). The measured dissolved silica in steam saturated with alkali halides at 600??C in the pressure range 7-70 MPa agrees nicely with calculated values of the solubility of ??-quartz obtained using the equation of Fournier and Potter (1982), corrected for dissolved salt by the method of fournier (1983). Na K ratios in steam at 600??C tend to be slightly greater than in coexisting brine. When precipitated halite is present, larger mole fractions of NaOH(s) in solid solution in that halite apparently result in even larger Na K ratios in coexisting steam. Precipitation of more halite as a consequence of repeated depressurization episodes results in decreased Na K ratios in both the brine and coexisting steam phases, indicating that the lower pressures begin to favor K over Na in the vapor. When steam is in contact with precipitated salts in the absence of brine, the Na K ratio in the steam is less than that of the bulk composition of the salt-H2O system. ?? 1993.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90488-I","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R.O., and Thompson, J.M., 1993, Composition of steam in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O-quartz at 600°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 18, p. 4365-4375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90488-I.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4365","endPage":"4375","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92ce4b0c8380cd4d49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. Michael","contributorId":40239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017351,"text":"70017351 - 1993 - Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:30:49","indexId":"70017351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Winegar Phase of the Wisconsin Glaciation produced a band of hummocky glacial topography in northern Wisconsin. Some hummocks are composed of flow till and somewhat sorted till-like debris-flow sediment. These hummocks formed when ice melted beneath a cover of debris that flowed to its present position. Other hummocks contain interlayered lodgement and meltout till, flow till, debris-flow and slopewash sediment, lake, and meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed where sediment was stacked near the ice margin. In other hummocks till and supraglacial debris-flow and slopewash sediment deposited during the Winegar Phase form a thin veneer over older meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed when ice buried in pre-Winegar Phase stream sediment melted, and the overlying sediment collapsed. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Attig, J., and Clayton, L., 1993, Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.: Quaternary International, v. 18, no. C, p. 61-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J.","startPage":"61","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J"},{"id":225116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99abe4b08c986b31c53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attig, J.W.","contributorId":26410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attig","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, L.","contributorId":55145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018335,"text":"70018335 - 1993 - Sulfur isotope and porewater geochemistry of Florida escarpment seep sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:19:15.051738","indexId":"70018335","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur isotope and porewater geochemistry of Florida escarpment seep sediments","docAbstract":"Distributions of porewater constituents, SO4=, NH4+, Cl−, ∑CO2, and H2S, solid phase iron, and sulfur concentrations, and the sulfur isotopic composition of dissolved and solid phases were investigated in sediments from abyssal seeps at the base of the Florida escarpment. Despite the apparent similarity of seep sediment porewater chemistry to that of typical marine sediments undergoing early diagenesis, relationships between chemical distributions and isotopic measurements revealed that the distribution of pore fluid constituents was dominated by processes occurring within the platform rather than by in situ microbial processes. Ammonium and sulfate concentrations were linearly correlated with chloride concentrations, indicating that variations in porewater chemistry were controlled by the admixture of seawater and a sulfate depleted brine with a chlorinity of 27.5 ± 1.9%. and 2.2 ± 1.3 mM ammonium concentration. At sites dominated by seepage, dissolved sulfate isotopic composition remained near seawater values despite depletion in porewater concentrations. Porewater ∑CO2 concentrations were found to be elevated relative to seawater, but not to the extent predicted from the observed sulfate depletion.
Sediment solid phase sulfur was predominantly pyrite, at concentrations as high as 20% S by weight. In contrast to typical marine deposits, pyrite concentrations were not related to the quantity of sedimentary organic matter. Pyrite δ34S values ranged from −29%. to + 21%. (CDT). However, only positive δ34S values were observed at sites associated with high pyrite concentrations. Isotopically heavy pyrite was observed at sites with porewater sulfate of seawater-like isotopic composition. Isotopically light pyrite was associated with sites where porewater sulfate exhibited δ34S values greater than those in seawater, indicating the activity of in situ microbial sulfate reduction. Thus, dual sulfide sources are suggested to explain the range in sediment pyrite isotopic composition: a δ34S enriched (+10 to +20%.) source adverted from within the Florida platform, and a lighter 34S depleted component generated in situ from microbial reduction of seawater sulfate.
The degree of pyritization of seep sediments was as high as 0.9 and was controlled by pyrite concentrations, which varied over a wider range than did the non-pyrite solid phase iron concentrations. The highest non-sulfide solid phase iron concentrations were observed in sediments that are believed to be at the “front” of the advancing seep fluids (i.e., hemipelagic sediments newly exposed to the seep fluids), indicating that dissolution of hemipelagic background sediment may be the source of at least half of the iron to the highly pyritized seep sediments. Porewater sulfide concentrations were variable, reaching a maximum of 5.7 mM, and were not correlated with the degree of pyritization of the sediments, suggesting that iron was not particularly limiting to pyrite formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90062-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chanton, J., Martens, C., Paull, C.K., and Coston, J., 1993, Sulfur isotope and porewater geochemistry of Florida escarpment seep sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 6, p. 1253-1266, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90062-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1253","endPage":"1266","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ddae4b08c986b31db18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chanton, J. P.","contributorId":7429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, C.S.","contributorId":42718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017352,"text":"70017352 - 1993 - Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017352","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek","docAbstract":"Two large floods, 3 and 4 times the estimated 100-year peak discharge, occurred in 1986 and 1991 at a timber-pile bridge over Razor Creek in Montana. A bridge section surveyed after the 1991 flood was compared with a 1955 design section and showed total scour of 0.85 m at the left abutment, 2.23 m at the right abutment, and 0. 94 m at the pile bents. Calculated total scour based on equations recommended by the Federal Highway Administration and data obtained after the 1991 flood was 3.20 m at the left abutment, 4.36 m at the right abutment, and 2.13 m at the pile bents. Residual scour from floods prior to 1986 was presumed to be negligible because no floods of significant magnitude were documented. Also, scour for the 1986 flood is believed to be significantly less than for the 1991 flood because the 1986 peak discharge was significantly smaller and the contracted section for the 1986 peak discharge was 22 m upstream from the bridge.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., Parrett, C., and Tillinger, T.N., 1993, Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2249-2255.","startPage":"2249","endPage":"2255","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f279e4b0c8380cd4b1ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillinger, Todd N.","contributorId":84515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillinger","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017353,"text":"70017353 - 1993 - Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017353","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Weather Service (NWS) have developed an operational warning system for debris flows during severe rainstorms in the San Francisco Bay region. The NWS makes quantitative forecasts of precipitation from storm systems approaching the Bay area and coordinates a regional network of radio-telemetered rain gages. The USGS has formulated thresholds for the intensity and duration of rainfall required to initiate debris flows. The first successful public warnings were issued during a severe storm sequence in February 1986. Continued operation of the warning system since 1986 has provided valuable working experience in rainfall forecasting and monitoring, refined rainfall thresholds, and streamlined procedures for issuing public warnings. Advisory statements issued since 1986 are summarized.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., Mark, R., and Barbato, G., 1993, Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1908-1913.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1913","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e81e4b0c8380cd756a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Raymond C. rwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Raymond","email":"rwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbato, Gary","contributorId":86903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbato","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186699,"text":"70186699 - 1993 - An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:19:15","indexId":"70186699","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana","docAbstract":"Cross-bedded oolitic grainstones in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (Mississippian) of the Illinois basin have generally been considered to be shallow marine. However, fine- to medium-grained cross-bedded grainstones of mixed clast type in the Ste. Genevieve of Harrison County, southern Indiana, are here interpreted to be of eolian dune origin on the basis of small-scale sedimentary structures, particularly climbing-wind-ripple structures. In addition, subaerial exposure of surfaces at the tops and bases of the eolian units is indicated by pedogenic features such as in-situ breccias and rhizoliths. Associated skeletal and oolitic grainstones of marine origin are distinguished from the eolian grainstones by the presence of pebble-sized fossils. The presence of several interva s of eolian deposits in the Ste. Genevieve is probably a result of eustatic sea level fluctuations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mississippian oolites and modern analogs","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R.E., 1993, An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana, chap. of Mississippian oolites and modern analogs, p. 31-48.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"31","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/carbona1/data/a048/a048/0001/0000/0031.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d640a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014761,"text":"1014761 - 1993 - Comparison of plasmids isolated from Romet-30-resistant Edwardsiella ictaluri and tribrissen-resistant Escherichia coli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:58:15.62102","indexId":"1014761","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of plasmids isolated from Romet-30-resistant Edwardsiella ictaluri and tribrissen-resistant Escherichia coli","docAbstract":"Edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiological agent of enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC) is the leading cause of bacterial disease in commercially raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The only drug approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use against ESC is Romet-30. Recently, several isolates were obtained that had a naturally occurring resistance to Romet-30. On further characterization these isolates were shown to possess a 55-kilobase (kb) plasmid that encodes resistance to the drug. We compared Romet-30-resistant E. ictaluri and a Tribrissen-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (strain 1898) isolated from equine cystitis. Antimicrobial profiles, plasmid screening, restriction digest, and Southern blot analysis indicated that the two plasmids are very similar. The resistance afforded to the E. coli was encoded by a 55-kb plasmid. Each of the R plasmids conferred resistance to Romet-30, tetracycline, and Terramycin (oxytetracycline). The R plasmid from E. coli strain 1898 was transferred to Romet-30-sensitive isolates of E. ictaluri by single-step conjugation, rendering the transconjugates resistant to Romet30, tetracycline, and Terramycin. Each plasmid was cleaved into fragments by restriction enzymes, then electrophoresed in an agarose gel and transferred to nitrocellulose. A labeled probe prepared from the R plasmid of E. ictaluri isolate 5-90-156, one of the original Romet-30-resistant E. ictaluri isolates, was added. Restriction enzyme digestion resulted in an equal number of fragments of equal mobility for the two plasmids, and the probe hybridized with the same fragments of each plasmid. These results indicate that the R plasmids of E. ictaluri and E. coli are similar, if not identical.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) reared for 1 year at six levels of differential (excess) gas pressure (▵P 4, 17, 33, 43, 58, and 75 mm Hg above equilibrium) were examined for incidences of eye abnormalities including nuclear cataracts, hemorrhages, corneal swelling, cloudiness, rupture, and loss of eyes. Frequencies of nuclear cataracts, eye hemorrhages, cloudy corneas, and bilateral anomalies were not directly related to increasing dissolved gas pressures. However, incidences of corneal swelling and of all abnormalities combined increased with gas supersaturation above ▵P 4.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0177:CEAOLT%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Smith, R.A., 1993, Eye abnormalities of lake trout exposed to gas supersaturation: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 3, p. 177-179, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0177:CEAOLT%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014789,"text":"1014789 - 1993 - Effects of repetitive formalin treatments on channel catfish juveniles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:53:49.985492","indexId":"1014789","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of repetitive formalin treatments on channel catfish juveniles","docAbstract":"Channel catfish Icialurus punctatus ranging from 70 to 148 mm in total length were treated with formalin at a concentration of 25 μL/L for 4 h daily on four successive days each week over a 28-week period beginning in mid-September. Coefficients of condition (weight-tolength ratios) and histological examinations of gill tissues were used to evaluate health of fish exposed to formalin. Gill tissues of both formalin-treated and untreated fish showed effects typical of intensive culture, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and excess mucous secretion; no differences were found in gill morphometry between the two groups. Channel catfish periodically treated with formalin had a significantly higher coefficient of condition (P < 0.05) after 28 weeks and no indication of adverse effects attributable to formalin.
Multiple alluvial, colluvial, and eolian deposits in unglaciated northern New Jersey, and the eroded bedrock surfaces on which they rest, provide evidence of both long-term valley evolution driven by sustained eustatic baselevel lowering and short-term filling and excavation of valleys during glacial and interglacial climate cycles. The long-term changes occur over durations of 106 years, the short-term features evolve over durations of 104 to 105 years. Direct glacial effects, including blockage of valleys by glacial ice and sediment, and valley gradient reversals induced by crustal depression, are relatively sudden changes that account for several major Pleistocene drainage shifts.
After deposition of the Beacon Hill fluvial gravel in the Late Miocene, lowering of sea level, perhaps in response to growth of the Antarctic ice sheet, led to almost complete dissection of the gravel. A suite of alluvial, colluvial, and eolian sediments was deposited in the dissected landscape. The fluvial Bridgeton Formation was deposited in the Raritan lowland, in the Amboy-Trenton lowland, and in the Delaware valley.
Following southeastward diversion of the main Bridgeton river, perhaps during Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, northeastward drainage was established on the inactive Bridgeton fluvial plain. About 30 to 45 m of entrenchment followed, forming narrow, incised valleys within which Late Pleistocene deposits rest. This entrenchment may have occurred in response to lowered sea level caused by growth of ice sheets in the northern hemisphere.
Under periglacial conditions in the Middle and Late Pleistocene, valleys were partially filled with alluvium and colluvium. During interglacials slopes were stabilized by vegetation and the alluvial and colluvial valley-fill was excavated by gullying, bank erosion, and spring sapping. During Illinoian and late Wisconsinan glaciation, the lower Raritan River was diverted when glacial deposits blocked its valley, and the Delaware River was partially diverted down the isostatically-steepened lower Millstone valley.
Five soya-bean preparations that had been subjected to various physicochemical processing procedures were chemically defined in respect to proximate analysis, amino acid analyses, protease inhibitor activity, soluble oligosaccharides and antigenicity. These soya preparations were then formulated, along with a low-temperature fish meal control, into six isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in feeding trials as well as in tests using specially constructed metabolic chambers. Based on the chemical and biological results, we concluded that soya-bean oligosaccharides do not have to be removed or modified for maximum growth or nitrogen utilization by rainbow trout. Likewise, the protease or trypsin inhibitor activity, which was low for all experimental treatments, did not appear to be a major factor in determining fish performance. Although the results regarding naturally occurring soya antigens only suggested allergenicity, it is concluded that more attention should be focused on these heat-stable proteins with antigenic or allergenic potential in fish diets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Hughes, S.G., and Winfree, R., 1993, Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winfree, Robert","contributorId":33619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfree","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014582,"text":"1014582 - 1993 - Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014582","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1949,"text":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-096/TL","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., and Bowser, P., 1993, Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout: INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials), v. 4, no. 4, p. 507-507.","startPage":"507","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, P.R.","contributorId":17935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017393,"text":"70017393 - 1993 - Geologic research in support of sustainable agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T17:11:49.002888","indexId":"70017393","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic research in support of sustainable agriculture","docAbstract":"The importance and role of the geosciences in studies of sustainable agriculture include such traditional research areas as, agromineral resource assessments, the mapping and classification of soils and soil amendments, and the evaluation of landscapes for their vulnerability to physical and chemical degradation. Less traditional areas of study, that are increasing in societal importance because of environmental concerns and research into sustainable systems in general, include regional geochemical studies of plant and animal trace element deficiencies and toxicities, broad-scale water quality investigations, agricultural chemicals and the hydrogeologic interface, and minimally processed and ion-exchange agrominerals. We discuss the importance and future of phosphate in the US and world based on human population growth, projected agromineral demands in general, and the unavailability of new, high-quality agricultural lands. We also present examples of studies that relate geochemistry and the hydrogeologic characteristics of a region to the bioavailability and cycling of trace elements important to sustainable agricultural systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0167-8809(93)90013-F","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., and Herring, J., 1993, Geologic research in support of sustainable agriculture: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 46, no. 1-4, p. 55-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90013-F.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21cbe4b0c8380cd56ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014580,"text":"1014580 - 1993 - Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T11:23:55.162148","indexId":"1014580","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993","docAbstract":"Close to 12% of the world's 6.5 million metric tons of fish meal is used for aquaculture feeds. If current trends continue, roughly 20% to 25% of total world fish meal production could be used for aquaculture by the year 2000. Fish stocks used in fish meal reduction, however, appear to be in worldwide decline. A growing fish farming industry and a stagnating, if not diminishing, supply of fish meal have sobering economic and technologic implications for fish culture. Unless suitable alternate protein sources are found or other animal feeds begin to rely less on fish meal, fish production costs can be expected to increase dramatically. A precedent was set by the poultry industry, the most economically successful and competitive of the animal agriculture industries. Twenty years ago, the poultry industry consumed up to 80% of fish meal supplies. Through deliberate and well-organized research into alternate protein sources, the industry now uses less than 40% of supplies, and the trend is toward complete independence from fish meal. A comparable research effort is needed for aquaculture. Considering the biotechnologies available, plant proteins, processed to remove enzyme inhibitors and other antinutritional factors and properly supplemented with essential amino acids and minerals where needed, could produce results at least equivalent to those obtained with fish meal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0014:FMAASO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., 1993, Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 7, p. 14-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0014:FMAASO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017363,"text":"70017363 - 1993 - Differential equations governing slip-induced pore-pressure fluctuations in a water-saturated granular medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70017363","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential equations governing slip-induced pore-pressure fluctuations in a water-saturated granular medium","docAbstract":"Macroscopic frictional slip in water-saturated granular media occurs commonly during landsliding, surface faulting, and intense bedload transport. A mathematical model of dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations that accompany and influence such sliding is derived here by both inductive and deductive methods. The inductive derivation shows how the governing differential equations represent the physics of the steadily sliding array of cylindrical fiberglass rods investigated experimentally by Iverson and LaHusen (1989). The deductive derivation shows how the same equations result from a novel application of Biot's (1956) dynamic mixture theory to macroscopic deformation. The model consists of two linear differential equations and five initial and boundary conditions that govern solid displacements and pore-water pressures. Solid displacements and water pressures are strongly coupled, in part through a boundary condition that ensures mass conservation during irreversible pore deformation that occurs along the bumpy slip surface. Feedback between this deformation and the pore-pressure field may yield complex system responses. The dual derivations of the model help explicate key assumptions. For example, the model requires that the dimensionless parameter B, defined here through normalization of Biot's equations, is much larger than one. This indicates that solid-fluid coupling forces are dominated by viscous rather than inertial effects. A tabulation of physical and kinematic variables for the rod-array experiments of Iverson and LaHusen and for various geologic phenomena shows that the model assumptions commonly are satisfied. A subsequent paper will describe model tests against experimental data. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00911548","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., 1993, Differential equations governing slip-induced pore-pressure fluctuations in a water-saturated granular medium: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1027-1048, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00911548.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1048","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00911548"},{"id":224593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f8e4b0c8380cd4fa04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014578,"text":"1014578 - 1993 - Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014578","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1628,"text":"Feed Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Feed Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"94-130/TL","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., 1993, Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?: Feed Management, v. 44, no. 12, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"p. 15-18","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186712,"text":"70186712 - 1993 - Seismic tomography; theory and practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:55:46","indexId":"70186712","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Seismic tomography; theory and practice","docAbstract":"Although highly theoretical and computer-orientated, seismic tomography has created spectacular images of anomolies within the Earth with dimensions of thousands of kilometers to few tens of meters. These images have enabled Earth scientists working on diverse areas to attack fundamental problems relating to the deep dynamical processes within our planet. Additionally, this technique is being used extensively to study the Earth's hazardous regions such as earthquake fault zones and volcanoes, as well as features beneficial to man such as oil or mineral-bearing structures. This book has been written by world experts and describes the theories, experimental and analytical procedures and results of applying seismic tomography from global to purely local scale. It represents the collective global perspective on the state of the art and focusses not only on the theoretical and practical aspects, but also on the uses for hydrocarbon, mineral and geothermal exploitation. Students and researchers in the Earth sciences, and research and exploration geophysicists should find this a useful, practical reference book for all aspects of their work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","usgsCitation":"Iver, H., and Hirahara, K., 1993, Seismic tomography; theory and practice, 842 p. .","productDescription":"842 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iver, H.M.","contributorId":190680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iver","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirahara, Kazuro","contributorId":190681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirahara","given":"Kazuro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017369,"text":"70017369 - 1993 - Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:59:23","indexId":"70017369","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is 0.2–0.9 nmol kg−1 for Cd, 1–20 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 4–16 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 0.2–20 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Effective concentrations in fresh water discharged into San Francisco Bay during 1990–1991 (estimated by extrapolation to zero salinity) are 740–860 μmol kg−1 for silicate, 21–44 μmol kg−1 for phosphate, 10–15 nmol kg−1for Cd, 210–450 nmol kg−1 for Cu, 210–270 nmol kg−1 for Ni, and 190–390 nmol kg−1 for Zn. Comparison with effective trace metal and nutrient concentrations for freshwater discharge reported by Flegal et al. (1991) shows that input of these constituents to the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay accounts for only a fraction of the input to Gulf of the Farallones from the estuary system as a whole. The nutrient and trace metal composition of shelf water outside a 30-km radius from the mouth of the estuary closely resembles that of California Current water further offshore. In contrast to coastal waters elsewhere, there is little evidence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn input by sediment diagenesis in continental shelf waters of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352603","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1993, Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352603.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb671e4b08c986b326c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}