During or immediately following the transit of Hurricane Andrew (August 23-24, 1992) across the northern part of the Great Bahama Bank, thin laminated beds of carbonate mud were deposited in high-energy subtidal channels (4 m depth) through the ooid shoals of south Cat Cay and Joulters Cays. During our reconnaissance seven weeks later, we observed lime-mud beds exposed in the troughs of submarine oolite dunes and ripples. The mud layers were underlain and locally covered by ooid sand. The mud beds were lenticular and up to 5 cm thick. Their bases cast the underlying rippled surface. The layers were composed of soft silt- and sand-sized pellets and peloids and in some areas contained freshly preserved Thalassia blades and other organic debris along planes of lamination. The beds had a gelatinous consistency and locally had been penetrated by burrowers and plants. Layers of lime mud had also settled on bioturbated, plant-stabilized flats and in lagoonal settings but were quickly reworked and made unrecognizable by the burrowing of organisms. Thicker, more cohesive (and therefore older) mud beds and angular mud fragments associated with ooids from Joulters Cays have similar characteristics but lack fresh plant fragments. We infer that these older beds were similarly deposited and thus record the passage of previous hurricanes or tropical storms. Storm layers are preserved within channel sediments because migrating ooids prevent attack by the burrowing activity off organisms.
The American Fisheries Society (AFS) herein provides a list of all native freshwater mussels (families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the United States and Canada. This report also provides state and provincial distributions; a comprehensive review of the conservation status of all taxa; and references on biology, conservation, and distribution of freshwater mussels. The list includes 297 native freshwater mussels, of which 213 taxa (71.7%) are considered endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Twenty-one taxa (7.1%) are listed as endangered but possibly extinct, 77 (20.6%) as endangered but extant, 43 (14.5%) as threatened, 72 (24.2%) as of special concern, 14 (4.7%) as undetermined, and only 70 (23.6%) as currently stable. The primary reasons for the decline of freshwater mussels are habitat destruction from dams, channel modification, siltation, and the introduction of nonindigenous mollusks. The high numbers of imperiled freshwater mussels in the United States and Canada, which harbor the most diverse fauna in the world, portend a trajectory toward an extinction crisis that, if unchecked, will severely impoverish one of our richest components of aquatic biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Warren, M., Cummings, K., Harris, J., and Neves, R.J., 1993, Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 9, p. 6-22, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a3031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, M.L. Jr.","contributorId":106448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"M.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, K.S.","contributorId":108067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, J.L.","contributorId":47739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1007963,"text":"1007963 - 1993 - Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:18","indexId":"1007963","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Saethre, M., and Medica, P., 1993, Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 4, p. 154-155.","productDescription":"p. 154-155","startPage":"154","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saethre, M.B.","contributorId":11536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saethre","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018303,"text":"70018303 - 1993 - Late Cenozoic structure and correlations to seismicity along the Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, northwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:03:45.751427","indexId":"70018303","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic structure and correlations to seismicity along the Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, northwest United States","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic fault geometry, structure, paleoseismicity, and patterns of recent seismicity at two seismic zones along the Olympic-Wallowa lineament (OWL) of western Idaho, northeast Oregon, and southeast Washington indicate limited right-oblique slip displacement along multiple northwest-striking faults that constitute the lineament. The southern end of the OWL originates in the Long Valley fault system and western Snake River Plain in western Idaho, where it accommodates basin-and-range extension. Several kilometers west of the Long Valley fault system, post-middle Miocene displacement along the OWL has resulted in adjacent areas of uplift and subsidence.
The OWL in northeast Oregon consists of a wide zone of northwest-striking faults and is associated with several large, inferred, pull-apart basins. The OWL then emerges from the Blue Mountain uplift as a much narrower zone of faults in the Columbia Plateau known as the Wallula fault zone (WFZ). Structural relationships in the WFZ strongly suggest that it is a right-slip extensional duplex. An ash horizon that correlates with the Mount St. Helens \"J\" composition (10.7 Ka) is displaced vertically 5 m by a normal fault along a segment of the WFZ. The intensity center for a damaging M = 6.1 earthquake in 1936 is located in the WFZ only a few kilometers northeast of this Holocene fault. Other youthful-appearing, strike-slip and thrust faults are located farther northwest along the OWL and may pose a seismic hazard to adjacent population centers and critical facilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0853:LCSACT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mann, G., and Meyer, C., 1993, Late Cenozoic structure and correlations to seismicity along the Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, northwest United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 7, p. 853-871, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0853:LCSACT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44cee4b0c8380cd66dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, G.M.","contributorId":62768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017351,"text":"70017351 - 1993 - Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:30:49","indexId":"70017351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Winegar Phase of the Wisconsin Glaciation produced a band of hummocky glacial topography in northern Wisconsin. Some hummocks are composed of flow till and somewhat sorted till-like debris-flow sediment. These hummocks formed when ice melted beneath a cover of debris that flowed to its present position. Other hummocks contain interlayered lodgement and meltout till, flow till, debris-flow and slopewash sediment, lake, and meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed where sediment was stacked near the ice margin. In other hummocks till and supraglacial debris-flow and slopewash sediment deposited during the Winegar Phase form a thin veneer over older meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed when ice buried in pre-Winegar Phase stream sediment melted, and the overlying sediment collapsed. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Attig, J., and Clayton, L., 1993, Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.: Quaternary International, v. 18, no. C, p. 61-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J.","startPage":"61","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J"},{"id":225116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99abe4b08c986b31c53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attig, J.W.","contributorId":26410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attig","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, L.","contributorId":55145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186712,"text":"70186712 - 1993 - Seismic tomography; theory and practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:55:46","indexId":"70186712","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Seismic tomography; theory and practice","docAbstract":"Although highly theoretical and computer-orientated, seismic tomography has created spectacular images of anomolies within the Earth with dimensions of thousands of kilometers to few tens of meters. These images have enabled Earth scientists working on diverse areas to attack fundamental problems relating to the deep dynamical processes within our planet. Additionally, this technique is being used extensively to study the Earth's hazardous regions such as earthquake fault zones and volcanoes, as well as features beneficial to man such as oil or mineral-bearing structures. This book has been written by world experts and describes the theories, experimental and analytical procedures and results of applying seismic tomography from global to purely local scale. It represents the collective global perspective on the state of the art and focusses not only on the theoretical and practical aspects, but also on the uses for hydrocarbon, mineral and geothermal exploitation. Students and researchers in the Earth sciences, and research and exploration geophysicists should find this a useful, practical reference book for all aspects of their work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","usgsCitation":"Iver, H., and Hirahara, K., 1993, Seismic tomography; theory and practice, 842 p. .","productDescription":"842 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iver, H.M.","contributorId":190680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iver","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirahara, Kazuro","contributorId":190681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirahara","given":"Kazuro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018285,"text":"70018285 - 1993 - Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T10:18:39","indexId":"70018285","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Conceptual models of the thermal structure of the Oregon Cascade Range propose either (1) a narrow zone of magmatic heat sources, flanked by shallow heat-flow anomalies caused by lateral ground-water flow; or (2) a wide zone of magmatic heat sources, with localized, generally negligible ground-water effects. The proposed narrow heat source coincides with the Quaternary volcanic arc, whereas the wider heat source would extend 10–30 km west of the arc. To test the models, four new heat-flow holes were sited west of the Quaternary arc but within the area of the proposed wide heat source. The sites are separated from the Quaternary arc by topographic divides and (or) major river valleys, so that heating by regional-scale ground-water flow seems unlikely. Measured heat flow (76±5 mW mm−2) was significantly lower than the values predicted by interpolation from an existing heat-flow contour map (95±7 mW m−2). The lower values are consistent with a narrow zone of magmatic heat sources. The complete heat-flow data set consists mostly of shallow (100–200 m) data and defines lobate highs around hot-spring groups in the Western Cascades. However, all of the deepest holes in the study area (44°–45°15′N) show hydrologic gradient disturbances extending to depths >200 m, so the shallow data must be extrapolated with caution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90040-T","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Scholl, M.A., and Sherrod, D.R., 1993, Heat flow from four new research drill holes in the Western Cascades, Oregon, U.S.A.: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 3, p. 151-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90040-T.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Western Cascades","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fffe4b0c8380cd5d2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014906,"text":"1014906 - 1993 - Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:34:09.628555","indexId":"1014906","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","title":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","docAbstract":"Juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) were fed three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 35% D-glucose (HC), a mixture of 20% dextrin and 10% cellulose (MC), or 23% cellulose (LC), to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on liver function. After 8-week feeding, body weight gain of fish fed the HC diet was consistently higher than that of fish fed the MC and LC diets, but was not significantly different from the MC-fed fish. Fish fed the HC diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed efficiencies and liver glycogen concentrations than fish fed the MC and LC diets. Sturgeon were injected intravenously with 10 mg kg-1 body weight of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and post-injection blood taken from the caudal vein at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. No significant differences in plasma BSP concentrations were found among the treatments at these times. Plasma hemoglobin and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were not affected by the diets. This study suggests that the HC diet does not adversely affect liver function or weight gain. Inclusion of high dietary levels of digestible and inexpensive carbohydrates in commercial sturgeon feeds seems promising, but long-term feeding trials should be conducted to confirm this assertion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00004416","usgsCitation":"Fynn-Aikins, K., Hung, S.S., and Hughes, S.G., 1993, Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004416.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fynn-Aikins, K.","contributorId":34080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fynn-Aikins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hung, S. S. O.","contributorId":76275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018309,"text":"70018309 - 1993 - Devonian volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and occurrences, southern Yukon-Tanana Terrace, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:43:49.530608","indexId":"70018309","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Devonian volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and occurrences, southern Yukon-Tanana Terrace, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"A belt of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits extends for over 150 km along the southern margin of the Yukon-Tanana terrane of the eastern Alaska Range. Located north of the Denali fault, the Yukon-Tanana terrane forms a major basement unit in east-central Alaska. The volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are primarily in the Jarvis Creek Glacier subterrane, one of the highest structural-stratigraphic levels of the Yukon-Tanana terrane. The Jarvis Creek Glacier subterrane consists of a volcanogenic massive sulfide-bearing metavolcanic rock member and a metasedimentary rock member. The volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and enclosing metavolcanic and metasedimentary schists exhibit two periods of regional metamorphism and penetrative deformation: an older, Early Cretaceous, amphibolite facies event and a younger, mid-Cretaceous lower greenschist facies event.From northwest to southeast, the major volcanogenic massive sulfide districts are the Bonnifield, Trident Glacier, and Delta. The Bonnifield district contains massive sulfide deposits in metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks that are correlated with the Jarvis Creek Glacier subterrane. The 25-km-long, northwest-trending Trident Glacier district contains several occurrences consisting of massive pyrrhotite and lesser pyrite, minor chalcopyrite with or without sphalerite, and galena and arsenopyrite in south-dipping massive sulfide pods, lenses, and stringers that parallel the foliation of the enclosing schists. Host-rock protoliths were mainly andesite, dacite, rhyodacite tuffs and flows, shale, and limestone, with lesser quartz-rich keratophyre flows and tuffs, volcanic graywacke, and siltstone.The Delta district contains at least 35 deposits in an 800-km 2 area. Thirty-one of the deposits define four mineral trends, 5 to 32 km long, that are subparallel to the west-northwest-striking, southwest-dipping structures and lithologies. The deposits consist of layers and zones containing varying amounts of massive to disseminated pyrite and pyrrhotite, and lesser amounts of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. The larger deposits range between 1.0 and 12.4 million metric tons with combined grades of 5.6 percent total metal (Cu, Pb, Zn), and Ag and Au contents of 56 and 1.9 g/metric ton, respectively. Hostrock protoliths are similar to those found in the Trident Glacier district, but some of the deposits are spatially associated with diorite or gabbro sills that exhibit lower greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation.Sulfur isotope values of 26 pyrrhotite separates from the Trident Glacier district occurrences average 7.7 per mil, the mean value of seven pyrite separates is 8.1 per mil. Forty-one Delta district pyrite separates average 5.9 per mil and ranges of values of the four northwest-trending trends overlap. The relative consistency of sulfur isotope values of iron-bearing sulfides in the Trident Glacier district, and the apparent lithologic relationship of isotope values in the Delta district, may reflect original-rock sulfur isotope values. Alternatively, the 34 S-enriched values may have resulted from the addition of reduced seawater sulfate to the hydrothermal fluid. The sulfide accumulations are interpreted as kuroko-like deposits that formed along a Devonian continental margin igneous arc. Deeper level portions of the arc are exposed in structurally lower levels of the Yukon-Tanana terrane to the north and contain metamorphosed granodiorite and granite plutons of Devonian to Mississippian age. U-Pb isotope data from zircons from metavolcanic rocks hosting the sulfide bodies indicate an age of about 370 Ma. The 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios for sulfides from the three districts are similar and indicate lead was in part derived from first-cycle sediments that were eroded largely from Precambrian crystalline rocks. The 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios from feldspars in Devonian metavolcanic rocks are similar to those in sulfides and indicate incorporation of radiogenic Precambrian lead into the Devonian magmas. A Precambrian crystalline source for detritus in metasedimentary rocks is indicated by locally abundant quartzite containing approximately 2.3 Ga zircons which were derived from the Hudsonian-age block of the Canadian Shield in southern British Columbia.Cretaceous greenschist facies retrogressive metamorphism and intense penetrative deformation is indicated by reequilibration of U-Pb isotope ratios, metamorphic Rb-Sr mineral isochrons, and K-Ar biotite and muscovite ages of 110 to 115 Ma. The data indicate that the mid-Cretaceous retrogressive metamorphism and associated intense deformation occurred during the accretion of the Yukon-Tanana terrane to Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.88.2.344","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Lange, I.M., Nokleberg, W., Newkirk, S., Aleinikoff, J.N., Church, S.E., and Krouse, H., 1993, Devonian volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and occurrences, southern Yukon-Tanana Terrace, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 88, no. 2, p. 344-376, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.2.344.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0091e4b0c8380cd4f7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lange, I. M.","contributorId":71597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newkirk, S.R.","contributorId":97773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newkirk","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014861,"text":"1014861 - 1993 - Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:50:47.24453","indexId":"1014861","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review","docAbstract":"Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone (GH) and its mode of action in salmonids are reviewed. We present evidence suggesting that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mediates some of the actions of GH on seawater acclimation. Plasma concentration and turnover of GH rise following exposure to seawater. Exogenous GH (in vivo) increases gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the number of gill chloride cells, and inhibits an increase in plasma osmolarity and ions following transfer of fish to seawater. A single class of high affinity GH receptors is present in the liver, gill, intestine, and kidney. The levels of IGF-I mRNA in the liver, gill and kidney increased after GH-injection. After transfer to seawater, IGF-I mRNA increased in the gill and kidney following the rise in plasma GH, although no significant change was seen in the liver. Injection of IGF-I improved the ability of the fish to maintain plasma sodium levels after transfer to seawater. GH treatment also sensitizes the interrenal to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), increasing cortisol secretion. Both cortisol and IGF-I may be involved in mediating the action of GH in seawater adaptation, although studies on the effect of GH on osmoregulatory physiology of non-salmonid species are limited. An integrated model of the osmoregulatory actions of GH is presented, and areas in need of research are outlined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00004562","usgsCitation":"Sakamoto, T., McCormick, S., and Hirano, T., 1993, Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 11, no. 1-6, p. 155-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004562.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirano, T.","contributorId":85455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirano","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017345,"text":"70017345 - 1993 - Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017345","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"To estimate the undiscovered hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins, quantitative play assessments specific for each location in a region may be obtained using geostatistical methods combined with the theory of classification of geological objects, a methodology referred to as regionalization. The technique relies on process modeling and measured borehole data as well as probabilistic methods to exploit the relationship between geology (the \"predictor\") and known hydrocarbon productivity (the \"target\") to define prospective stratigraphic intervals within a basin. It is demonstrated in case studies from the oil-producing region of the western Kansas Pennsylvanian Shelf and the gas-bearing Rotliegend sediments of the Northeast German Basin. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00891051","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Harff, J., Davis, J., and Eiserbeck, W., 1993, Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 925-936, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891051.","startPage":"925","endPage":"936","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891051"},{"id":224978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81efe4b0c8380cd7b7ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harff, J.E.","contributorId":82068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harff","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eiserbeck, W.","contributorId":80017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eiserbeck","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017397,"text":"70017397 - 1993 - Late Cenozoic surficial deposits and valley evolution of unglaciated northern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:26:13.065049","indexId":"70017397","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic surficial deposits and valley evolution of unglaciated northern New Jersey","docAbstract":"Multiple alluvial, colluvial, and eolian deposits in unglaciated northern New Jersey, and the eroded bedrock surfaces on which they rest, provide evidence of both long-term valley evolution driven by sustained eustatic baselevel lowering and short-term filling and excavation of valleys during glacial and interglacial climate cycles. The long-term changes occur over durations of 106 years, the short-term features evolve over durations of 104 to 105 years. Direct glacial effects, including blockage of valleys by glacial ice and sediment, and valley gradient reversals induced by crustal depression, are relatively sudden changes that account for several major Pleistocene drainage shifts.
After deposition of the Beacon Hill fluvial gravel in the Late Miocene, lowering of sea level, perhaps in response to growth of the Antarctic ice sheet, led to almost complete dissection of the gravel. A suite of alluvial, colluvial, and eolian sediments was deposited in the dissected landscape. The fluvial Bridgeton Formation was deposited in the Raritan lowland, in the Amboy-Trenton lowland, and in the Delaware valley.
Following southeastward diversion of the main Bridgeton river, perhaps during Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, northeastward drainage was established on the inactive Bridgeton fluvial plain. About 30 to 45 m of entrenchment followed, forming narrow, incised valleys within which Late Pleistocene deposits rest. This entrenchment may have occurred in response to lowered sea level caused by growth of ice sheets in the northern hemisphere.
Under periglacial conditions in the Middle and Late Pleistocene, valleys were partially filled with alluvium and colluvium. During interglacials slopes were stabilized by vegetation and the alluvial and colluvial valley-fill was excavated by gullying, bank erosion, and spring sapping. During Illinoian and late Wisconsinan glaciation, the lower Raritan River was diverted when glacial deposits blocked its valley, and the Delaware River was partially diverted down the isostatically-steepened lower Millstone valley.
Romet®, a potentiated sulfa drug composed of five parts sulfadimethoxine and one part ormetoprim, is used to treat channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causal agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Recently, several Romet-resistant isolates of E. ictaluri were isolated from channel catfish that had died from ESC in Virginia and Mississippi. This antimicrobial resistance was determined to be plasmid-encoded, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA, and by the fact that the plasmid and associated antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to a recipient by single-step conjugation. Size of the R plasmid was approximately 55 kilobase pairs. Plasmids also conferred resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and SXT (another potentiated sulfonamide, composed of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Each Romet-resistant E. ictaluri isolate was mated with a plasmid recipient, the Romet-sensitive Escherichia coli isolate 1932. Transconjugates were selected by plating on Mueller-Hinton agar that contained antimicrobials, and the mean transfer frequency was 1.483 × 10−3 transconjugates per donor cell in the mating mixture. Each E. coli transconjugate was then mated with 20 Romet-sensitive isolates of E. ictaluri to assess the propensity of these E. ictaluri isolates to accept the R plasmid. The average transfer frequency when E. ictaluri isolates of channel catfish origin (N = 14) were used as recipients was 1.197 × 10−2 transconjugates per donor cell in the mating mixture; mean transfer frequency when E. ictaluri isolates not originating from channel catfish were used was 1.019 × 10-3 transconjugates per donor cell, which was significantly less (P = 0.0002).
The high-grade gold-silver deposits at the Sleeper mine are low sulfidation, quartz-adularia-type epithermal deposits, formed during the final stages of igneous hydrothermal activity of a small middle Miocene silicic flow-dome complex in north-central Nevada. Potassiumargon and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of alkali feldspar indicate that the rhyolitic flow-dome complex was emplaced before about 16.5 Ma; hydrothermal alteration and mineralization followed, lasting from about 16.2 to 14+ Ma based on ages of adularia associated with electrum. There were multiple pulses of alteration and mineralization but all occurred within a period of less than 2 m.y. Later supergene alteration formed opal and alunite about 5.4 Ma but produced no Au or Ag mineralization other than some remobilization to produce locally rich pockets of secondary Au and Ag enrichment and is unrelated to the older magmatic hydrothermal system. The Sleeper deposit in the northern part of the Great Basin is genetically related to bimodal volcanism that followed a long period of arc-related andesitic volcanism in the same general region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.88.2.317","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Conrad, J., McKee, E., Rytuba, J.J., Nash, J., and Utterback, W.C., 1993, Geochronology of the Sleeper deposit, Humboldt County, Nevada: Epithermal gold-silver mineralization following emplacement of a silicic flow-dome complex: Economic Geology, v. 88, no. 2, p. 317-327, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.2.317.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1734e4b0c8380cd5541c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrad, J. E.","contributorId":32520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nash, J. T.","contributorId":31751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Utterback, W. C.","contributorId":72014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Utterback","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185279,"text":"70185279 - 1993 - Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:46:25","indexId":"70185279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","docAbstract":"Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body - heavily contaminated; oil covering 30–60% of the body - moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur - lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/030098589303000101","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, T., Harris, R., Moeller, R., Pletcher, J., Haebler, R., and Ballachey, B.E., 1993, Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil: Veterinary Pathology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a1e4b0849ce97f0d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, T.P.","contributorId":174540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, R.K.","contributorId":189492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moeller, R.B.","contributorId":189498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pletcher, J.M.","contributorId":189499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pletcher","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haebler, R.J.","contributorId":189500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haebler","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017750,"text":"70017750 - 1993 - Sedimentology of Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation, eastern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and a comparison to the subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70017750","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology of Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation, eastern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and a comparison to the subsurface","docAbstract":"Describes dolomite, gypsum, and sandstone units deposited in transgressive-regressive cycles. Three depositional cycles are partly exposed. The cycles observed in outcrop were informally labelled cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3 in ascending stratigraphic order. West Mellott field represents a subsurface example of the facies and facies relationships observed in outcrop. The eolian-dune sandstone of the C cycle, which was partially reworked by the transgression of the B cycle, produces oil at West Mellott. The draping of dolomite and anhydrite of the B cycle on the eolian-dune sandstone of the C cycle is analogous to the draping gypsum on dune sand in cycle 2 in outcrop. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Schmoker, J., and Fox, J.E., 1993, Sedimentology of Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation, eastern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and a comparison to the subsurface: Mountain Geologist, v. 30, no. 2, p. 71-80.","startPage":"71","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aa5e4b08c986b3172c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, J. E.","contributorId":79080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"J.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017751,"text":"70017751 - 1993 - Isotopic evidence of complex ground-water flow at Yucca mountain, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70017751","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Isotopic evidence of complex ground-water flow at Yucca mountain, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Strontium isotopes (expressed as per mill deviation from mean sea water, ??87Sr) reflect interaction between ground water and the aquifer through which it is flowing. In the Cenozoic aquifer of the Yucca Mountain region, ??87Sr values increase from north to south downgradient in the flow system. The largest ??87Sr values occur in the Amargosa Desert where ground water probably encounters alluvial basin fill derived from Precambrian rocks in the Funeral Range. Similarly, large ??87Sr values for ground water in the Paleozoic aquifer at the western end of the Spring Mountains also probably reflect an encounter with Precambrian rocks. In several wells into the volcanic rocks, apparent isotopic disequilibrium between ground water and the producing units suggests that the ground water probably integrates over a substantial part of the saturated section in attaining its strontium isotope signature.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z., and Stuckless, J.S., 1993, Isotopic evidence of complex ground-water flow at Yucca mountain, Nevada, USA, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1559-1566.","startPage":"1559","endPage":"1566","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb2e4b0c8380cd64742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017943,"text":"70017943 - 1993 - Comment on the mapping of iron-manganese nodule fields using reconnaissance sonars such as GLORIA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:05:06","indexId":"70017943","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on the mapping of iron-manganese nodule fields using reconnaissance sonars such as GLORIA","docAbstract":".No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01207754","usgsCitation":"Masson, D.G., and Scanlon, K.M., 1993, Comment on the mapping of iron-manganese nodule fields using reconnaissance sonars such as GLORIA: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 13, no. 4, p. 244-247, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01207754.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7ede4b0c8380cd4cdb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, Douglas G.","contributorId":85095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000647,"text":"1000647 - 1993 - Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:05:25","indexId":"1000647","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair","docAbstract":"Walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) from Lake Erie differed in allele frequencies from walleyes in Lake St. Clair (N = 1,680; 25 loci); however, only slight differences were found among walleyes from different spawning sites in each lake. Analyses of allele frequency data from samples of nonspawning walleyes taken in Lake St. Clair provided conditional maximum likelihood estimates that 86% of these walleyes were from Lake St. Clair and 14% from Lake Erie (SD = 19.7%) in 1983 and that 63% were from Lake St. Clair and 37% were from Lake Erie (SD = 20.0%) in 1984. About 30% of 1,159 recoveries of walleyes tagged in Lake Erie were taken from the Detroit River northward to southern Lake Huron, thus demonstrating extensive mixing of stocks from Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. Additionally, tags recovered from the upper half of the St. Clair River provided an estimate of mixed stock composition of 76% Lake St. Clair fish and 24% Lake Erie fish. Analyses of tags returned during successive spawning seasons showed that walleyes strongly tended to return to suspected natal spawning areas. The tagging data thus corroborate the genetic evidence that walleye stocks from Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie are different, and that large numbers of Lake Erie walleyes enter Lake St. Clair during nonspawning seasons and return to their Lake Erie spawning sites each year. Western Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair walleyes should be considered as separate stocks for management purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71231-9","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Haas, R.C., 1993, Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 445-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71231-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"452","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db54658f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186532,"text":"70186532 - 1993 - Paleogeographic implications of molluscan assemblages in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pigeon Point Formation, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T10:12:26","indexId":"70186532","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleogeographic implications of molluscan assemblages in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pigeon Point Formation, California","docAbstract":"The Pigeon Point Formation crops out along the San Mateo County coastline in a northern and southern sequence of folded and faulted strata. Correlation of the two sequences remains somewhat equivocal, although on the basis of biostratigraphy and a reversed magnetic interval both appear to have been deposited during the early to middle Campanian. Sedimentary structures suggest that the northern sequence was deposited by turbidity currents in a continental rise setting, whereas the southern sequence primarily reflects deposition in shelf and slope environments . Right-lateral offset on the San Andreas and subsidiary faults to the east of the Pigeon Point Formation can account for 100's of km of northward transport since its deposition. However, Champion and others (1984) suggested 2500 km of northward transport from a tropical setting of about 21°N. Molluscan assemblages in the formation argue strongly for a less tropical site of deposition. Relative abundances of warm and temperate taxa and the presence or absence of key species are similar to those of the Santa Ana Mountains Cretaceous section, and are indicative of a war
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogists, Society of Economic Paleontologist","usgsCitation":"Elder, W.P., and Saul, L., 1993, Paleogeographic implications of molluscan assemblages in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pigeon Point Formation, California, chap. of Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States, p. 695-732.","productDescription":"38 p. ","startPage":"695","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e6027ae4b09da6799ac6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, William P.","contributorId":61058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saul, LouElla","contributorId":16941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saul","given":"LouElla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}