No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Zonenshain, L., Gol’mshtok, A., and Hutchinson, D., 1993, Baykal rift structure: Geotectonics, v. 26, no. 5, p. 396-407.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"407","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff25b0e4b0da30c1bfd6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zonenshain, L.P.","contributorId":94442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zonenshain","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gol’mshtok, A.A.","contributorId":96578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gol’mshtok","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D.","contributorId":98883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194971,"text":"70194971 - 1993 - Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T17:08:22","indexId":"70194971","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"57","title":"Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery","docAbstract":"It is common for land managers and administrators involved in wolf (Canis lupus) management to assume that human development within wolf habitat is a hindrance to wolf recovery. Thus, researchers are often asked questions like We are planning to build a new dock and parking area on Wolf Lake; how will that affect wolf recovery? This kind of question pervades national forest and national park plans and has been pondered with regularity by both federal and state resource managers.
Meanwhile, wolves have been extending their ranges into regions of much greater human development. The apparent contradiction has created both confusion and misdirected effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 1993, Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery: Research Information Bulletin 57, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a72e3eae4b0a9a2e9e08ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194931,"text":"70194931 - 1993 - Observations on sexing and aging ducks using wings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T11:19:06","indexId":"70194931","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Observations on sexing and aging ducks using wings","docAbstract":"This report presents information on the development, testing, and limitations of procedures described in the report titled: \"Species, age and sex identification of ducks using wing plumage\" (Carney 1992). Studies of duck wings begin in 1958 led to the development of most of these procedures (Carney and Geis 1960, Carney 1964) and the details of the development and functioning of the annual Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey have been presented elsewhere (Martin and Carney 1977, Carney 1984, Crissey 1984) and are not included here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Carney, S.M., 1993, Observations on sexing and aging ducks using wings, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7192a9e4b0a9a2e9dbe037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carney, Samuel M.","contributorId":70031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018338,"text":"70018338 - 1993 - Biological interference of optical backscatterance sensors in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T11:15:01.800943","indexId":"70018338","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological interference of optical backscatterance sensors in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Optical backscatterance (OBS, D&A Instruments, Inc.1) sensors for measuring suspended-solids concentrations have been deployed in Tampa Bay to monitor resuspension of bottom sediments. This paper describes biological factors that affected the OBS sensors deployed in Tampa Bay and discusses deployment strategies that minimize biological interference. Phytoplankton may interfere with the OBS sensors when the suspended-solids concentration is near or below the sensor response threshold. Fish swimming in front of the OBS sensors caused spikes in the OBS sensor output, so the median average was more appropriate than the mean average. An algal slime on the OBS sensors caused excessive backscatterance that dominated the backscatterance from suspended material. Because of the fouling problem, deployments were limited to less than a week, and OBS sensors were cleaned daily, if possible. Calibration of OBS sensors with water samples collected from Tampa Bay was satisfactory when biological interference was not significant. When properly deployed, the OBS sensors can successfully monitor sediment resuspension in Tampa Bay and similar subtropical estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90090-I","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1993, Biological interference of optical backscatterance sensors in Tampa Bay, Florida: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 3-4, p. 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90090-I.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f169e4b0c8380cd4ac54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018387,"text":"70018387 - 1993 - Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T22:56:16.864308","indexId":"70018387","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"A regional study of the areal and depth distribution of pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia was done to (i) relate the pesticides detected to landscape and shallow subsurface features, and (ii) evaluate aquifer vulnerability and the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. Water samples collected at 100 wells from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed for concentrations of 36 pesticides, four metabolites, and other constituents. The most commonly detected residues were atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Concentrations were low; few exceeded 3 µg L−1. Most detections correlate with the intensive use of these herbicides in three widely distributed and commonly rotated crops—corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and small grain—particularly if grown in well-drained soils. Most detections occurred in samples collected from shallow wells screened within 10 m of the overlying water table. The shallow depth distribution of most residues is consistent with their suspected history of use (ca. 20 yr), and patterns in shallow groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer in the study area. The areal and depth distributions of detectable residues in groundwater did not correlate with a vulnerability index, nor any of the component scores developed to estimate that index using the DRASTIC method. The shallow depth of most detections also indicates why few samples from water-supply wells in this study had measurable concentrations of pesticides; most supply wells are deeper than 10 m below the water table. The low number of contaminated samples from supply wells implies that deep groundwater currently (1992) used for drinking generally does not contain detectable pesticide residues.
Widespread occurrence of sediment-laden (turbid) sea ice and high concentrations of diatoms and foraminifers in ice have recently been reported from both polar regions. Many possible mechanisms of particle entrainment into ice have been postulated, among which scavenging by rising frazil ice and nucleation or adhesion of ice onto suspended particles appear to be the most likely ones. No reliable experimental data on the mechanisms, however, are available. Because of the importance of turbid ice for sediment transport, tanks for laboratory-scale experiments were constructed, in which frazil crystals produced at the base were monitored rising through water column laden with various types of particulate matter, including plankton. Observations made in salt water are reported here.
Over a distance of 1.5 m, frazil < 1 mm in diameter grew to crystals or flocs several cm in diameter, rising at average velocities of 2 to 3 cm/s. Rise velocities were a function of frazil size, but varied greatly due to interactions of ice particles of different size and velocity and the resulting turbulence. Sand-size particles could be either trapped permanently by rising frazil, or were temporarily supported and again released. With live plankton, a several-fold enrichment of ice occurred, suggesting that their irregular shapes or appendages were caught by ice flocs. Diatom- and foram tests were also relatively effectively trapped. The concentration of silt- and clay-size terrigenous detritus in frazil tended to increase relative to the water. We found no preferential sorting by ice in this size range. Various kinds of evidence showed that ice does not nucleate onto foreign particles, and has no adhesive properties. Foreign material resided in the interstices of crystal aggregates, and particles denser than water could be released by agitation, suggesting that scavenging is a mechanical process. With rising frazil, the settling of particulate matter therefore is either retarded or reversed, resulting in a net upward sediment flux and a sediment-laden ice cover from this process of suspension freezing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90002-P","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Clayton, J.R., Kempema, E., Payne, J.R., and Weber, W.S., 1993, Interaction of rising frazil with suspended particles: Tank experiments with applications to nature: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 117-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90002-P.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cb7e4b0c8380cd62f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J. R.","contributorId":34669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempema, E. W.","contributorId":105314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempema","given":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, J. R.","contributorId":43508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, W. S.","contributorId":9774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018348,"text":"70018348 - 1993 - Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:31:20","indexId":"70018348","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers","docAbstract":"Nitrate concentrations in excess of national drinking-water standards (10 mg/1 as N) are present in certain sand-plain aquifers in central Minnesota. To investigate nitrate sources in the aquifers, nitrogen-isotope values of nitrate (δ15NNO3No3) were measured in shallow ground water from 51 wells in five land-use settings. The land-use settings and corresponding average nitrate concentrations (as N) and δ15NNO3 values are: livestock feedlots, 12.7 mg/1, 21.3%0; cultivated-irrigated fields, 13 mg/1, 7.4%0; residential areas with septic systems, 8.3 mg/1, 6.0%0; cultivated-nonirrigated fields, 15.5 mg/1, 3.4%0; and natural, undeveloped areas, 3.8 mg/1, 3.1%0. Values of δ15NNO3 less than 2%0 suggest that nitrogen from commercial inorganic fertilizers exists in ground water beneath all settings except the feedlots. Values of δ15NNO3 greater than 10%0 suggest that nitrogen from animal waste is present in ground water beneath certain feedlots, cultivated-irrigated fields that are fertilized with manure, and residential areas with septic systems. Values of δ15NNO3 between 22 and 43%0 in ground water beneath the feedlots probably result from denitrification. Values of δ15NNO3 increase with depth in many locations in the sand-plain aquifers. These increases may be caused by progressive denitrification with depth or by changes with depth in the proportions of nitrate from different sources. Similarly, variations of δ15NNO3 values from 1986 to 1987 in certain locations may be due to temporal variations in the amounts of denitrification or to changes in the proportions of nitrate from different sources. Ambiguities in the interpretation of changes in δ15NNO3 values could be eliminated by increasing the spatial and temporal frequency of sampling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01818.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., and Anderson, H.W., 1993, Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 2, p. 260-270, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01818.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e4e4b0c8380cd73063","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, Stephen C.","contributorId":12875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Henry W. Jr.","contributorId":69730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018319,"text":"70018319 - 1993 - Provenance of the Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: evidence for early Paleocene Laramide uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018319","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance of the Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: evidence for early Paleocene Laramide uplift","docAbstract":"A petrologic and provenance study indicates that Laramide uplifts to the west and south of the Powder River Basin (PRB) were emergent and shedding detritus by early Paleocene time. This conclusion is based largely on the presence of abundant first-cycle carbonate clasts in the northwestern PRB, and metamorphic and igneous clasts and labile heavy-mineral grains in the Tullock throughout the basin. The proximity and composition of the north end of the Bighorn uplift strongly suggest that it was the source for carbonate, igneous, and metamorphic rock fragments in northwestern Tullock outcrops. The conclusions are supported by recent fission-track, palynological, and sedimentological studies that indicate that Laramide-style foreland deformation in southwestern Montana began in late Cenomanian to Turonian time and migrated through central Wyoming to the Colorado Front Range by late Maastrichtian time. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Hansley, P., and Brown, J.L., 1993, Provenance of the Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: evidence for early Paleocene Laramide uplift: Mountain Geologist, v. 30, no. 1, p. 25-34.","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fa3e4b0c8380cd7f89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansley, P. L.","contributorId":82299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansley","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, J. L.","contributorId":102902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018310,"text":"70018310 - 1993 - Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:19:48","indexId":"70018310","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Project (1983-89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitation were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO42- and NO3- were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences paralleled the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Baseflow ANC is not a reliable predictor of stream acidity at high flow; some streams with high baseflow ANC (> 150 ??eq L-1) declined to near zero ANC at high flow, and one stream with low baseflow ANC (< 50 ??eq L-1) did not approach zero ANC as flow increased. Episodic decreases in ANC and pH during peak flows were associated with increased concentrations of NO3- and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Aluminum concentrations exceeding 300 ??g L-1 were observed during peak flows in headwater streams of the Neversink River and Rondout Creek. Seasonal Kendall Tau tests for temporal trends indicate that SO42- concentrations in streamwater generally decreased and NO3- concentrations increased during the period 1983-1989. Combined acid anion concentrations (SO42- + NO3-) were generally unchanged throughout the period of record, indicating both that the status of these streams with respect to acidic deposition is unchanged, and that NO3- is gradually replacing SO42- as the dominant acid anion in the Catskill streams.Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the US Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Long-term monitoring project (19831-89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitations were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO42- and No3- were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences parallelel the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00478154","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Stoddard, J., 1993, Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 67, no. 3-4, p. 367-395, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00478154.","startPage":"367","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267643,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478154"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f55ae4b0c8380cd4c1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoddard, J.L.","contributorId":75709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018308,"text":"70018308 - 1993 - Nonlinear forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:00:13.550886","indexId":"70018308","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy)","docAbstract":"The ground level in Pozzuoli, Italy, at the center of the Campi Flegrei caldera, was monitored by tide gauges between 1970 and 1976 and then continuously since 1982. Tide gauges offer a long record of a variable that is believed to be related to the activity of an underlying shallow magma chamber. Previous work suggests that the dynamics of the Campi Flegrei system, as reconstructed from the tide gauge record, is chaotic and low dimensional. According to this suggestion, in spite of the complexity of the system, at a time scale of days the ground motion is driven by a deterministic mechanism with few degrees of freedom; however, the interactions of the system may never be describable in full detail. Our new analysis of the tide gauge record from January 1987 to June 1989, using Nonlinear Forecasting, confirms low-dimensional chaos in the ground elevation record at Campi Flegrei and suggests that Nonlinear Forecasting could be a useful tool in volcanic surveillance.
The middle Campanian Wolfe City Sand in northeastern Texas yields a distinctive ammonite and inoceramid fauna with Patagiosites sp., Placenticeras sp., Hoplitoplacenticeras (Hoplitoplacenticeras) minor n. sp., Baculites mclearni Landes, 1940, Trachyscaphites spiniger (Schlüter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929), Inoceramus (Cordiceramus) azerbaidjanensis Aliev, 1939, and I. (Endocostea) balticus Boehm, 1907. The last-named four species allow a direct correlation with the Baculites mclearni zone of the Western Interior of the United States. The base of this zone has been dated at 79.9 ± 3.2/79.2 ± 1.6 Ma on the basis of K/Ar determinations on biotite from a bentonite. Inoceramus azerbaidjanensis is also known from the Campanian of the U.S.S.R. in Azerbaidjan (where the species was first described), western Turkemenia, Georgia, the northern Caucasus, the Crimea, and Donbass.
Global land-cover data are needed as baseline information for global change research. Multisource data, both coarse resolution satellite data and ancillary data, were used to produce a land-cover characteristics database for the conterqinous United States. Ancillary data, including elevation and ecological region data sets, were critical to the development, refinement, and information content of each class in the database. They contributed essential evidence for labeling and refining land-cover classes where differing types were represented by single spectral-temporal signatures. The characterization process can be expanded to a global effort depending on (1) the availability of global satellite coverage, (2) the quality and availability of ancillary data, and (3) the evolution of more sophisticated data visualization and analysis techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., Loveland, T.R., Merchant, J.W., Reed, B.C., and Ohlen, D.O., 1993, Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 6, p. 977-987.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"987","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591570d0e4b01a342e691425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merchant, James W.","contributorId":7858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018248,"text":"70018248 - 1993 - A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:15:47","indexId":"70018248","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis","docAbstract":"A method to separate sediments into discrete size fractions for geochemical analysis has been tested. The procedures were chosen to minimize the destruction or formation of aggregates and involved gentle sieving and settling of wet samples. Freeze-drying and sonication pretreatments, known to influence aggregates, were used for comparison. Freeze-drying was found to increase the silt/clay ratio by an average of 180 percent compared to analysis of a wet sample that had been wet sieved only. Sonication of a wet sample decreased the silt/clay ratio by 51 percent. The concentrations of metals and organic carbon in the separated fractions changed depending on the pretreatment procedures in a manner consistent with the hypothesis that aggregates consist of fine-grained organic- and metal-rich particles. The coarse silt fraction of a freeze-dried sample contained 20–44 percent higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, and organic carbon than the coarse silt fraction of the wet sample. Sonication resulted in concentrations of these analytes that were 18–33 percent lower in the coarse silt fraction than found in the wet sample. Sonication increased the concentration of lead in the clay fraction by an average of 40 percent compared to an unsonicated sample. Understanding the magnitude of change caused by different analysis protocols is an aid in designing future studies that seek to interpret the spatial distribution of contaminated sediments and their transport mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00775044","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Barbanti, A., and Bothner, M., 1993, A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis: Environmental Geology, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00775044.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50ce4b0c8380cd46ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbanti, A.","contributorId":6204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbanti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018257,"text":"70018257 - 1993 - Holocene sedimentation and coastal wetlands response to rising sea level at the Aucilla river mouth, a low energy coast in the Big Bend area of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018257","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Holocene sedimentation and coastal wetlands response to rising sea level at the Aucilla river mouth, a low energy coast in the Big Bend area of Florida","docAbstract":"The shallow dip of the Florida carbonate platform results in low wave energy on Florida ???Big Bend??? coasts. Therefore sedimentation is dominated by river-and tidal-hydrodynamics near the Aucilla River mouth. Where present, Holocene sediments are thin and unconformably overlie Oligocene-aged Suwannee Limestone. The oldest unlithified sediments include reworked carbonate rubble with clay and wood fragments (seven thousand years old or less, based on wood radio-carbon dating). Although this basal sequence is observed in most areas, the sediments that overlie it vary. Sediment sequences from the outer littoral to submarine environments include organic-rich sands, oyster biotherm remains, and cleaner sands with organic-filled burrows. Inner littoral (salt-marsh) sequences generally consist of sandy, fining-upwards sequences in which dry weights of fine-grained clastics and organic components increase up-sequence at similar rates. Offshore sediments preserve greatly attenuated fluvial and salt-marsh facies, if these facies are preserved at all. With sea-level rise, erosion can result from insufficient sediment supply and down-cutting by tidal currents (Dolotov, 1992; and Dalrymple et al., 1992). Dolotov (1992) attributes displacement of original coastal stratigraphy to insufficient sediments for beach profile maintenance, while Dalrymple et al. (1992) attribute erosional truncation (ravinement) or complete removal of portions of typical estuarine sequences to headward migration of tidal channels.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262918X","usgsCitation":"Garrett, C., Hertler, H., Hoenstine, R., and Highley, B., 1993, Holocene sedimentation and coastal wetlands response to rising sea level at the Aucilla river mouth, a low energy coast in the Big Bend area of Florida, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 1, New Orleans, LA, USA, 19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 405-419.","startPage":"405","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f2e4b0c8380cd5e3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, Connie","contributorId":89294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Connie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hertler, Heidi","contributorId":56396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hertler","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoenstine, Ronald","contributorId":77310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoenstine","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Highley, Brad","contributorId":26826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highley","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018298,"text":"70018298 - 1993 - Multiphase inclusions in plagioclase from anorthosites in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: implications for the origin of the anorthosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018298","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase inclusions in plagioclase from anorthosites in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: implications for the origin of the anorthosites","docAbstract":"Multiphase inclusions, consisting of clinopyroxene+ilmenite+apatite, occur within cumulus plagioclase grains from anorthosites in the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and in other rocks from the Middle Banded series of the intrusion. The textures and constant modal mineralogy of the inclusions indicate that they were incorporated in the plagioclase as liquid droplets that later crystallized rather than as solid aggregates. Their unusual assemblage, including a distinctive manganiferous ilmenite and the presence of baddeleyite (ZrO2), indicates formation from an unusual liquid. A process involving silicater liquid immiscibility is proposed, whereby small globules of a liquid enriched in Mg, Fe, Ca, Ti, P, REE, Zr and Mn exsolved from the main liquid that gave rise to the anorthosites, became trapped in the plagioclase, and later crystallized to form the inclusions. The immiscibility could have occurred locally within compositional boundaries around crystallizing plagioclase grains or it could have occurred pervasively throughout the liquid. It is proposed that the two immiscible liquids were analogous, n terms of their melt structures, to immiscible liquid pairs reported in the literature both in experiments and in natural basalts. For the previously reported pairs, immiscibility is between a highly polymerized liquid, typically granitic in composition, and a depolymerized liquid, typically ferrobasaltic in composition. In the case of the anorthosites, the depolymerized liquid is represented by the inclusions, and the other liquid was a highly polymerized aluminosilicate melt with a high normative plagioclase content from which the bulk of the anorthosites crystallized. Crystallization of the anorthosites from this highly polymerized liquid accounts for various distinctive textural and chemical features of the anorthosites compared to other rocks in the Stillwater Complex. A lack of correlation between P contents and chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) ratios of plagioclase separates indicates that the amount of apatite in the inclusions is too low to affect the REE signature of the plagioclase separates. Nevertheless, workers should use caution when attempting REE modelling studies of cumulates having low REE contents, because apatite-bearing inclusions can potentially cause problems. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00307866","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Loferski, P., and Arculus, R., 1993, Multiphase inclusions in plagioclase from anorthosites in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: implications for the origin of the anorthosites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 114, no. 1, p. 63-78, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307866.","startPage":"63","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307866"},{"id":227374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a605ae4b0c8380cd713bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loferski, P. J.","contributorId":12841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loferski","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arculus, R.J.","contributorId":35482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arculus","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018246,"text":"70018246 - 1993 - Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018246","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","docAbstract":"Analytical and numerical solutions are employed to examine the concentration history of a dissolved substance in water pumped from a leaky aquifer. Many aquifer systems are characterized by stratification, for example, a sandy layer overlain by a clay layer. To obtain information about separate hydrogeologic units, aquifer pumping tests are often conducted with a well penetrating only one of the layers. When the initial concentration distribution is also stratified (the concentration varies with elevation only), the concentration breakthrough in the pumped well may be interpreted to provide information on aquifer hydraulic and transport properties. To facilitate this interpretation, we present some simple analytical and numerical solutions for limiting cases and illustrate their application to a fractured bedrock/glacial drift aquifer system where the solute of interest is dissolved radon gas. In addition to qualitative information on water source, this method may yield estimates of effective porosity and saturated thickness (or fracture transport aperture) from a single-hole test. Little information about dispersivity is obtained because the measured concentration is not significantly affected by dispersion in the aquifer.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Hsieh, P.A., Shapiro, A.M., Wood, W., and Kraemer, T.F., 1993, Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 29-35.","startPage":"29","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97de4b0c8380cd4d627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":378994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":378996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018297,"text":"70018297 - 1993 - Elemental abundance anomalies in the late Cenomanian extinction interval: A search for the source(s)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T00:53:58.123861","indexId":"70018297","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elemental abundance anomalies in the late Cenomanian extinction interval: A search for the source(s)","docAbstract":"Elemental abundances have been measured by neutron activation methods across the Cenomanian-Turonian (late Cretaceous) extinction interval in samples collected from sixteen sites in the Western Interior Basin of North America and from twelve widely separated locations around the globe, including six ODP/DSDP sites. In most Western Interior Basin sites, in Colombia, and in western Europe (weaker), two closely spaced elemental abundance peaks occur in the upper Cenomanian (∼ 92 m.y.), spanning the ammonite zones ofSciponoceras gracile throughNeocardioceras juddii. Elements with anomalously high concentrations include Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Ir, Pt and Au. The lower peak coincides with the disappearance (extinction) of the foraminiferRotalipora cushmani. In North American sectionsR. greenhornensis also disappears at or just below this horizon, but in Europe it disappears considerably earlier thanR. cushmani. A series of molluscan extinction and speciation or migration events also begins near the stratigraphic level of the lower elemental abundance peak.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(93)90126-T","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Orth, C.J., Attrep, M., Quintana, L., Elder, W., Kauffman, E., Diner, R., and Villamil, T., 1993, Elemental abundance anomalies in the late Cenomanian extinction interval: A search for the source(s): Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 189-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90126-T.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08b9e4b0c8380cd51c41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attrep, M. Jr.","contributorId":30760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attrep","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quintana, L.R.","contributorId":24113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintana","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elder, W.P.","contributorId":65467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kauffman, E.G.","contributorId":77676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diner, R.","contributorId":49941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Villamil, T.","contributorId":93219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villamil","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70018378,"text":"70018378 - 1993 - A note on subtrees rooted along the primary path of a binary tree","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T16:16:39.6725","indexId":"70018378","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1395,"text":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on subtrees rooted along the primary path of a binary tree","docAbstract":"Let Fn denote the set of rooted binary plane trees with n external nodes, for given T∈Fn let ui(T) be the altitude i node along the primary path of T, and let δi(T) denote the number of external nodes in the induced subtree rooted at ui(T). We set δi(T) = 0 if i is greater than the length of the primary path of T. We prove limn→∞ ∑i≤x/n En{δi}/∑i<∞ En{δi} = G(x), where En denotes the average over trees T∈Fn and where the distribution function G is determined by its moments, for which we present an explicit expression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-218X(93)90181-M","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., and Karlinger, M.R., 1993, A note on subtrees rooted along the primary path of a binary tree: Discrete Applied Mathematics, v. 42, no. 1, p. 87-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218X(93)90181-M.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(93)90181-m","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c2e4b0c8380cd468dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018376,"text":"70018376 - 1993 - The Crisis over the 1988 National Oil and Gas Assessment for the United States - A story about the conflict among high government officials, a special interest group, and government geologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018376","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Crisis over the 1988 National Oil and Gas Assessment for the United States - A story about the conflict among high government officials, a special interest group, and government geologists","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257553","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, J., 1993, The Crisis over the 1988 National Oil and Gas Assessment for the United States - A story about the conflict among high government officials, a special interest group, and government geologists: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257553.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257553"},{"id":227157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6f7e4b08c986b321301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, J.","contributorId":13591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}