Red radiolarian cherts from three localities within the Franciscan subduction complex of northern California contain three components of remanent magnetization which are best isolated by progressive thermal demagnetization. The first component, usually removed by 300 °C, has an in situ direction similar to the present axial-dipole field and is probably a recently acquired thermoviscous overprint. A second component, generally removed between 300 and 630 °C, has constant (normal) polarity and direction within each section and is interpreted to have been acquired by low-temperature chemical alteration during subduction and accretion at the continental margin. The third component, isolated between ∼560 and 680 °C, has both normal and reversed polarities, passes a fold test, and is inferred to have been acquired during or soon after deposition. The available paleomagnetic, biostratigraphic, and geochemical data indicate deposition of these cherts along the paleoequator (0°-2°N or S paleolatitude) between Pliensbachian and Oxfordian time as the oceanic plate moved eastward, relative to North America, beneath the equatorial zone of high biologic productivity. Between Bathonian and Cenomanian time, the chert sequences apparently moved progressively away from the paleoequator (2°-15°N or S), and were soon after accreted to the American continental margin. Plate reconstruction models for the Farallon plate corroborate low-paleolatitude trajectories from ridge crest to subduction zone (for example, from 3°S to 11°N), and they imply subsequent northward translation of the Franciscan Complex (> 4,000 km) by strike-slip faulting related to relative motions between the Farallon, Kula, Pacific, and North American plates.
The Mount Evans batholith, in the central Front Range of Colorado, is composed of a main phase of massive to conspicuously foliated monzogranite and granodiorite and undeformed aplite and pegmatite. The Mount Evans batholith was previously considered to be part of the 1.7 Ga Routt Plutonic Suite. New U-Pb zircon ages on four samples (granodiorite, monzogranite, and granite), however, indicate that the batholith was emplaced at 1,442 ± 2 Ma and belongs to the Berthoud Plutonic Suite. Most of the batholith has igneous textures and structures, except in the vicinity of the Idaho Springs-Ralston shear zone where those features are tectonically recrystallized and foliated. Foliation elsewhere in the batholith is a flow structure.
Zircons in two granodiorite samples, collected near the shear zone (just south of the Colorado Mineral Belt), are reversely discordant by about 0.8%-2.1%, with a considerable spread in 207Pb/206Pb ages. Many of the zircons from these samples contain apatite, K-feldspar, and quartz inclusions that appear to replace zircon along cracks and imperfections from rim to core. We suggest that these inclusions formed during a Laramide ore-forming event and incorporated Early and Middle Proterozoic radiogenic lead scavenged from the country rock. The excess radiogenic lead caused the scatter and reverse discordance in the data.
The Mount Evans batholith is anomalous in composition and structure compared to most other 1.4 Ga plutons of the southwestern United States. The differences probably reflect different sources of partial melting; the specific tectonic setting where rocks of such disparate origin are temporally and spatially juxtaposed is not understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0791:TMEBIT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Reed, J.C., and Dewitt, E., 1993, The Mount Evans batholith in the Colorado Front Range: Revision of its age and reinterpretation of its structure: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 6, p. 791-806, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0791:TMEBIT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.13702403390813,\n 39.96456453749079\n ],\n [\n -106.13702403390813,\n 39.25359924787617\n ],\n [\n -105.0054322370329,\n 39.25359924787617\n ],\n [\n -105.0054322370329,\n 39.96456453749079\n ],\n [\n -106.13702403390813,\n 39.96456453749079\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba80ae4b08c986b32198c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, J. C. Jr.","contributorId":97063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewitt, E.","contributorId":108257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018233,"text":"70018233 - 1993 - Geological and inorganic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T17:37:04.434747","indexId":"70018233","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological and inorganic materials","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00060a002","usgsCitation":"Jackson, L.L., Baedecker, P.A., Fries, T.L., and Lamothe, P.J., 1993, Geological and inorganic materials: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 12, p. 12-28, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a224fe4b0c8380cd56f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018266,"text":"70018266 - 1993 - Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018266","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed","docAbstract":"Nonpoint-source contamination accounts for a substantial part of the water quality problems in many watersheds. The Wisconsin Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program provides matching money for voluntary implementation of various best management practices (BMPs). The effectiveness of BMPs on a drainage-basin scale has not been adequately assessed in Wisconsin by use of data collected before and after BMP implementation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, monitored water quality in the Black Earth Creek watershed in southern Wisconsin from October 1984 through September 1986 (pre-BMP conditions). BMP implementation began during the summer of 1989 and is planned to continue through 1993. Data collection resumed in fall 1989 and is intended to provide information during the transitional period of BMP implementation (1990-93) and 2 years of post-BMP conditions (1994-95). Preliminary results presented for two subbasins in toe Black Earth Creek watershed (Brewery and Garfoot Creeks) are based on data collected during pre-BMP conditions and the first 3 years of the transitional period. The analysis includes the use of regressions to control for natural variability in the data and, hence, enhance the ability to detect changes. Data collected to date (1992) indicate statistically significant differences in storm mass transport of suspended sediment and ammonia nitrogen at Brewery Creek. The central tendency of the regression residuals has decreased with the implementation of BMPs; hence, the improvement in water quality in the Brewery Creek watershed is likely a result of BMP implementation. Differences in storm mass transport at Garfoot Creek were not detected, primarily because of an insufficient number of storms in the transitional period. As practice implementation continues, the additional data will be used to determine the level of management which results in significant improvements in water quality in the two watersheds. Future research will address techniques for including snowmelt runoff and early spring storms.Nonpoint-source contamination accounts for a substantial part of the water quality problems in many watersheds. The Wisconsin Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program provides matching money for voluntary implementation of various best management practices (BMPs). The effectiveness of BMP s on a drainage-basin scale has not been adequately assessed in Wisconsin by use of data collected before and after BMP implementation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, monitored water quality in the Black Earth Creek watershed in southern Wisconsin from October 1984 through September 1986 (pre-BMP conditions). BMP implementation began during the summer of 1989 and is planned to continue through 1993. Data collection resumed in fall 1989 and is intended to provide information during the transitional period of BMP implementation (1990-93) and 2 years of post-BMP conditions (1994-95). Preliminary results presented for two subbasins in the Black Earth Creek watershed (Brewery and Garfoot Creeks) are based on data collected during pre-BMP conditions and the first 3 years of the transitional period. The analysis includes the use of regressions to control for natural variability in the data and, hence, enhance the ability to detect changes. Data collected to date (1992) indicate statistically significant differences in storm mass transport of suspended sediment and ammonia nitrogen at Brewery Creek. The central tendency of the regression residuals has decreased with the implementation of BMPs; hence, the improvement in water quality in the Brewery Creek watershed is likely a result of BMP implementation. Differences in storm mass transport at Garfoot Creek were not detected, primarily because of an insufficient number of storms in the transitional period. As practice implementation continues, the addit","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the IAWQ 1st International Conference on Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact, Abatement","conferenceDate":"19 September 1993 through 24 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Walker, J., and Graczyk, D., 1993, Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed, in Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 3-5, Chicago, IL, USA, 19 September 1993 through 24 September 1993, p. 539-548.","startPage":"539","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a83f6e4b0c8380cd7c21d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Olem, H.","contributorId":112359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olem","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018236,"text":"70018236 - 1993 - Epigenetic sulfide mineralization associated with Pennsylvanian paleokarst in eastern Iowa, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T18:51:49","indexId":"70018236","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epigenetic sulfide mineralization associated with Pennsylvanian paleokarst in eastern Iowa, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Paleokarst-associated, sulfide-bearing mineral deposits are wide-spread in the Paleozoic carbonate rocks of eastern Iowa. Minerals occur in nodules enclosed in karst-filling mudstones, as sandstone cements, and as surface coatings on, and fracture fillings in, foundered carbonate rock clasts. Mineralogy and paragenetic sequence vary among the occurrences. Sulfur isotopic compositions exhibit wide variations within and among deposits (??34S = -33.8 to + 35.1???). Oxygen isotopic compositions of fracture-filling calcite spars (??18O = -8.41 to + 3.60???) are similar to the isotopic compositions of their carbonate rock hosts. Calcite spars are somewhat depleted in ??13C relative to host rock [??13C (spars) = - 5.66 to + 0.24??? vs. -1.54 to + 1.21??? (host rock)]. Results of mineralogic, paragenetic and isotopic investigations suggest that: (1) minerals are products of multiple events operating on a local, rather than a regional scale; (2) spatially-disjunct fracture-filling mineral deposits exposed in the same quarries are probably not cogenetic with paleokarst-associated deposits; (3) paleokarst-filling calcite spars formed at near-surface temperatures; and (4) paleokarst-associated deposits are probably not cogenetic with Upper Mississippi Valley ZnPb pitch-flat deposits. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90131-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Garvin, P., and Ludvigson, G.A., 1993, Epigenetic sulfide mineralization associated with Pennsylvanian paleokarst in eastern Iowa, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 105, no. 4, p. 271-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90131-2.","startPage":"271","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266063,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90131-2"},{"id":227194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a08e4b0c8380cd52176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garvin, P.L.","contributorId":26090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garvin","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018388,"text":"70018388 - 1993 - Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:56:19","indexId":"70018388","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","docAbstract":"Two structural settings are found in the study unit: alluvial basins and bedrock basins. The alluvial basins can have through-flowing surface water or be closed basins. The discussion of streamflow and water quality for the surface-water system is based on four river reaches for the 750 miles of the main stem. the quality of the ground water is affected by both natural process and human activities and by nonpoint and point sources. Nonpoint sources for surface water include agriculture, hydromodification, and mining operations; point sources are mainly discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources for ground water include agriculture and septic tanks and cesspools; point sources include leaking underground storage tanks, unlined or manure-lined holding ponds used for disposal of dairy wastes, landfills, and mining operations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., Levings, G., Carter, L.F., Richey, S.F., and Radell, M.J., 1993, Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 617-646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x.","startPage":"617","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267687,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x"},{"id":227335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad70e4b0c8380cd86edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Lisa F.","contributorId":101256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richey, Steven F.","contributorId":50511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radell, Mary Jo","contributorId":26741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018278,"text":"70018278 - 1993 - Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018278","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","docAbstract":"To determine the timing of and driving forces for sediment suspension and deposition and the effect of impoundment, three self-recording instrument packages were deployed in a section of Louisiana marsh. Two of the packages went into an impoundment and one into an adjacent open, or control, area. A data logger in the package controlled sensors to measure water level, velocity, salinity, and temperature and suspended sediment concentration. At one impoundment site and the control site, weather stations recorded wind speed and direction. This paper describes and discusses the results.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262918X","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., 1993, Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 1, New Orleans, LA, USA, 19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 220-229.","startPage":"220","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ecae4b08c986b318b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198131,"text":"70198131 - 1993 - Fishway use by white sturgeon to bypass mainstem Columbia River dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T13:43:19","indexId":"70198131","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Fishway use by white sturgeon to bypass mainstem Columbia River dams","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and Habitat Requirements of the White Sturgeon Populations in the Columbia River Downstream from McNary Dam Volume I, 1986-1992 Final Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/773874","usgsCitation":"Warren, J., and Beckman, L., 1993, Fishway use by white sturgeon to bypass mainstem Columbia River dams, v. I, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/773874.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/773874","text":"External Repository"},{"id":355733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a81989c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beamesderfer, R.C.","contributorId":178973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beamesderfer","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740238,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nigro, A.A.","contributorId":73963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigro","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740239,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Warren, Joe jwarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":149764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Joe","email":"jwarren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beckman, L.G.","contributorId":46375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckman","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018387,"text":"70018387 - 1993 - Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T22:56:16.864308","indexId":"70018387","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"A regional study of the areal and depth distribution of pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia was done to (i) relate the pesticides detected to landscape and shallow subsurface features, and (ii) evaluate aquifer vulnerability and the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. Water samples collected at 100 wells from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed for concentrations of 36 pesticides, four metabolites, and other constituents. The most commonly detected residues were atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Concentrations were low; few exceeded 3 µg L−1. Most detections correlate with the intensive use of these herbicides in three widely distributed and commonly rotated crops—corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and small grain—particularly if grown in well-drained soils. Most detections occurred in samples collected from shallow wells screened within 10 m of the overlying water table. The shallow depth distribution of most residues is consistent with their suspected history of use (ca. 20 yr), and patterns in shallow groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer in the study area. The areal and depth distributions of detectable residues in groundwater did not correlate with a vulnerability index, nor any of the component scores developed to estimate that index using the DRASTIC method. The shallow depth of most detections also indicates why few samples from water-supply wells in this study had measurable concentrations of pesticides; most supply wells are deeper than 10 m below the water table. The low number of contaminated samples from supply wells implies that deep groundwater currently (1992) used for drinking generally does not contain detectable pesticide residues.
Frazil and anchor ice forming in turbulent, supercooled water have been studied extensively because of problems posed to man-made hydraulic structures. In spite of many incidental observations of interactions of these ice forms with sediment, their geologic effects remain unknown. The present flume study was designed to learn about the effects of salinity, current speed, and sediment type on sediment dynamics in supercooled water. In fresh-water, frazil ice formed flocs as large as 8 cm in diameter that tended to roll along a sandy bottom and collect material from the bed. The heavy flocs often came to rest in the shelter of ripples, forming anchor ice that subsequently was buried by migrating ripples. Burial compressed porous anchor ice into ice-bonded, sediment-rich masses. This process disrupts normal ripple cross-bedding and may produce unique sedimentary structures. Salt-water flocs were smaller, incorporated less bed load, and formed less anchor ice than their fresh-water counterparts. In four experiments, frazil carried a high sediment load only for a short period in supercooled salt water, but released it with slight warming. This suggests that salt-water frazil is either sticky or traps particles only while surrounded by supercooled water (0.05 to 0.1 °C supercooling), a short-lived phase in simple, small tanks. Salt water anchor ice formed readily on blocks of ice-bonded sediment, which may be common in nature. The theoretical maximum sediment load in neutrally-buoyant ice/sediment mixture is 122 g/l, never reported in nature so far. The maximum sediment load measured in this laboratory study was 88 g/l. Such high theoretical and measured sediment concentrations suggest that frazil and anchor ice are important sediment transport agents in rivers and oceans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90003-Q","usgsCitation":"Kempema, E., Reimnitz, E., Clayton, J.R., and Payne, J.R., 1993, Interactions of frazil and anchor ice with sedimentary particles in a flume: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 137-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90003-Q.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ccce4b0c8380cd63058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kempema, E. W.","contributorId":105314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempema","given":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, J. R. Jr.","contributorId":96030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, J. R.","contributorId":43508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018359,"text":"70018359 - 1993 - Statistical evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of abandoned underground coal mines around Cannelburg, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T11:18:01.408646","indexId":"70018359","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of abandoned underground coal mines around Cannelburg, Indiana","docAbstract":"A numerical model using a semi-implicit finite-difference method for solving the two-dimensional shallow-water equations is presented. The gradient of the water surface elevation in the momentum equations and the velocity divergence in the continuity equation are finite-differenced implicitly, the remaining terms are finite-differenced explicitly. The convective terms are treated using an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The combination of the semi-implicit finite-difference solution for the gravity wave propagation, and the Eulerian-Lagrangian treatment of the convective terms renders the numerical model unconditionally stable. When the baroclinic forcing is included, a salt transport equation is coupled to the momentum equations, and the numerical method is subject to a weak stability condition. The method of solution and the properties of the numerical model are given. This numerical model is particularly suitable for applications to coastal plain estuaries and tidal embayments in which tidal currents are dominant, and tidally generated residual currents are important. The model is applied to San Francisco Bay, California where extensive historical tides and current-meter data are available. The model calibration is considered by comparing time-series of the field data and of the model results. Alternatively, and perhaps more meaningfully, the model is calibrated by comparing the harmonic constants of tides and tidal currents derived from field data with those derived from the model. The model is further verified by comparing the model results with an independent data set representing the wet season. The strengths and the weaknesses of the model are assessed based on the results of model calibration and verification. Using the model results, the properties of tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay are characterized and discussed. Furthermore, using the numerical model, estimates of San Francisco Bay's volume, surface area, mean water depth, tidal prisms, and tidal excursions at spring and neap tides are computed. Additional applications of the model reveal, qualitatively the spatial distribution of residual variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1993.1016","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Casulli, V., and Gartner, J.W., 1993, Tidal, Residual, Intertidal Mudflat (TRIM) Model and its Applications to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 36, no. 3, p. 235-280, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1016.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"280","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Califoronia","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb37de4b08c986b325dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018330,"text":"70018330 - 1993 - Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:07:20.117057","indexId":"70018330","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre","docAbstract":"Ice observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74°N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes of silt and clay km−2. Average particle concentration in sea ice (40mg l−1) was much higher than in sea water (0.8 mg l−1) or in new snow, but the sediment load was significantly smaller and of finer texture compared to that observed in a shelfal source area after a major entrainment event. About 30% of the sediment consisted of small pellets. Mud in pellets has similar texture, clay minerals and organic/inorganic carbon content as dispersed mud. Particle sizes <16μm dominate, sand is less than 1%, compared to as much as 8% in four samples obtained in 1971 and 1972. Organic carbon content is about 2%, illite dominates clay minerals (~50%), and diatoms suggest a shelf sediment source. From the prevalence of wind-reworked surficial deposits, the spotty occurrence of only small patches of turbid ice in old clean ice, and the virtual lack of sand-size material, we assume the sediment had drifted at least 2 years since entrainment and was distant from its source. Assuming one-third of the load is released each year, the estimated deposition rate would equal the measured Holocene rate (~2cm 1000year−1). Therefore, modern sea-ice rafting represents a substantial fraction of the total Arctic Ocean sediment budget.
Let Fn denote the set of rooted binary plane trees with n external nodes, for given T∈Fn let ui(T) be the altitude i node along the primary path of T, and let δi(T) denote the number of external nodes in the induced subtree rooted at ui(T). We set δi(T) = 0 if i is greater than the length of the primary path of T. We prove limn→∞ ∑i≤x/n En{δi}/∑i<∞ En{δi} = G(x), where En denotes the average over trees T∈Fn and where the distribution function G is determined by its moments, for which we present an explicit expression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-218X(93)90181-M","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., and Karlinger, M.R., 1993, A note on subtrees rooted along the primary path of a binary tree: Discrete Applied Mathematics, v. 42, no. 1, p. 87-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218X(93)90181-M.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(93)90181-m","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c2e4b0c8380cd468dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018234,"text":"70018234 - 1993 - Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:36:46.879593","indexId":"70018234","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Measurement of the rate and direction of ground water flow beneath Wollaston Beach, Quincy, Massachusetts by use of a heat-pulsing flowmeter shows a mean velocity in the bulk sediment of 40 cm d−1. The estimated total discharge of ground water into Quincy Bay during October 1990 was 1324–2177 m3 d−1, a relatively low ground water discharge rate. The tides have only a moderate effect on the rate and direction of this flow. Other important controls on the rate and volume of ground water flow are the limited thickness, geographic extent, and permeability of the aquifer. Comparisons of published streamflow data and estimates of ground water discharge indicate that ground water makes up between 7.4–12.1% of the gaged freshwater input into Quincy Bay. The data from this study suggest the ground water discharge is a less important recharge component to Quincy Bay than predicted by National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) models.
The high nitrate and low nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the ground water at the backshore well sites and low nitrate and high nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water flowing from the foreshore suggests that denitrification is active in the sediments. The low ground water flow rates and low nitrate concentrations in the foreshore samples suggest that little or no nitrate is surviving the denitrification process to affect the planktonic community. Similarly, oxidizing conditions in the aquifer and low trace metal concentrations in the ground water samples suggest that the metals may be precipitating and binding to sedimentary phases before impacting the bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00549789","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Moffett, A., 1993, Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 25, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549789.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aade4b0c8380cd5b390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, A.M.","contributorId":54625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018292,"text":"70018292 - 1993 - Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018292","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"To analyze infiltration and the redistribution of moisture in alluvial deposits at Yucca Mountain, water content profiles at a 13.5 m deep borehole were measured at monthly intervals using a neutron moisture probe. Increases in water content to a maximum depth of 1.8 m in response to winter season precipitation were noted. Below a depth of 1.8 m, a gradual drying trend was indicated. A simulation study showed that, although small amounts of water may be percolating through the deep nonwetted ones of the profile, the influence of climatic variability on infiltration through thick alluvial deposits at Yucca Mountain is greatly mitigated by evapotranspiration.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., and Flint, A.L., 1993, Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 122-131.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b78e4b0c8380cd62565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018232,"text":"70018232 - 1993 - Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:37:56.888342","indexId":"70018232","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","docAbstract":"Correlation analysis in conjunction with principal-component and multiple-regression analyses were applied to laboratory chemical and petrographic data to assess the usefulness of these techniques in evaluating selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers in central Pennsylvania. Correlation and principal-component analyses were used to establish relations and associations among variables, to determine dimensions of property variation of samples, and to filter the variables containing similar information. Principal-component and correlation analyses showed that porosity is related to other measured variables and that permeability is most related to porosity and grain size. Four principal components are found to be significant in explaining the variance of data. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis was used to see how well the measured variables could predict porosity and (or) permeability for this suite of rocks. The variation in permeability and porosity is not totally predicted by the other variables, but the regression is significant at the 5% significance level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., 1993, Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 147, no. 1-4, p. 169-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5de4b08c986b329b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018331,"text":"70018331 - 1993 - Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018331","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana","docAbstract":"A U.S. Department of the Interior study started in 1990 examined the source, movement, fate, and possible biological effects of selenium associated with irrigation drainage from the Sun River Irrigation Project in west-central Montana. Concentrations of total selenium in soil samples ranged from 0.1 to 8.5 micrograms per gram; the maximum concentrations were measured in nonirrigated areas overlying geologic formations containing seleniferous shale. In irrigated areas, concentrations of dissolved selenium in ground water flowing toward Freezeout Lake ranged from less than 1 to 18 micrograms per liter (??g/L) in terrace gravel and from 1 to 190 ??g/L in glacial deposits derived from seleniferous shale. Concentrations of total selenium ranged from less than 1 to 180 ??g/L in surface irrigation drainage, and from less than 1 to 1,000 ??g/L in natural flows from nonirrigated land. Selenium concentrations in water from lakes generally were less than the aquatic-life criterion for chronic toxicity. The range of selenium concentrations in bottom sediment of lakes was similar to that of local soils. However, biological samples indicate that selenium is accumulating through the aquatic food chain. Selenium concentrations indicative of biological risk were exceeded in at least 80 percent of the freshwater-invertebrate, bird-egg, and bird-liver samples collected from all wetland sites.","largerWorkTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceDate":"21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629198","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Lambing, J.H., and Palawski, D.U., 1993, Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana, in Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives, Park City, UT, USA, 21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 762-769.","startPage":"762","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf5e4b08c986b3181dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, John H.","contributorId":64272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palawski, Donald U.","contributorId":17384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palawski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018295,"text":"70018295 - 1993 - Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018295","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","docAbstract":"The revised map for the potentiometric surface of the uppermost saturated zone in Tertiary volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is based mainly on 1988 water levels. Refinement of the water-level corrections has increased understanding of the area immediately east-southeast and hydrologically downgradient of Yucca Mountain. This small-gradient area is a nearly horizontal surface which corresponds to the likely direction of ground-water flow from Yucca Mountain - east-southeast. To the west of Yucca Mountain, water levels are approximately 45 m higher than those in the small-gradient area, and to the east of the northern part of Yucca Mountain water levels are approximately 300 m higher than those in the small-gradient area. Water levels are higher to the west of Yucca Mountain apparently because of a barrier to ground-water flow formed by the Solitario Canyon fault and a splay of the fault, and water levels are higher to the north apparently because of a semi-perched ground-water system.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Ervin, E.M., Luckey, R.R., and Burkhardt, D., 1993, Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1554-1558.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1558","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ed8e4b08c986b31e18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ervin, E. M.","contributorId":76782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, D.J.","contributorId":53398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018332,"text":"70018332 - 1993 - Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018332","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Reference stratigraphic sections near Yucca Mountain, Nevada were established and sampled in outcrop areas where the volcanic rocks have been minimally altered. Isotopic and trace element analyses obtained for these reference sections are baseline data for assessing the degree and extent of element mobility attendant with past zonal alteration of the rock mass. In agreement with earlier studies, zeolitization is shown to have occurred under wholesale open-system conditions. Calcium was increased by two three times the baseline values and strontium up to twenty times. In contrast, barium displays less variability, and the high-field strength elements zirconium and titanium were the least mobile during zeolitization. The data reported here establish the usefulness of reference sections of assessing past elements mobility. The information gained will be helpful in predicting possible future element mobility induced by thermally activated fluids in the near field of a potential repository.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., Spengler, R., Singer, F., and Dickerson, R., 1993, Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1940-1947.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1947","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f99e4b0c8380cd6464c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, F.R.","contributorId":89559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018296,"text":"70018296 - 1993 - Seismic reflection profiling across Tertiary extensional structures in the eastern Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada, Basin and Range province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:06:42.061882","indexId":"70018296","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection profiling across Tertiary extensional structures in the eastern Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada, Basin and Range province","docAbstract":"Outcrops, shallow well control, and coincident geophysical surveys are used to interpret a seismic reflection profile in the Amargosa Desert, within the Basin and Range province, of southern Nevada. The east-west-trending, 27-km-long seismic line crosses all or parts of three Tertiary subbasins, revealing that basin growth occurred by progressive shifts of basin-bounding faults. The reflection line images Tertiary strata that is rotated by steeply dipping listric faults and that noses into normal faults. A shallow (less than 100 to 200 m deep), laterally continuous, flat-lying, low-frequency reflector, interpreted as a Tertiary basalt flow, suggests that little vertical deformation has occurred within the easternmost of the small Tertiary basins since the eruption of the flow about 10 million years ago. Moderately dipping reflections within the pre-Tertiary bedrock may image Mesozoic thrust faults. The reflection data indicate that, whereas the top of the reflective lower crust shallows to the west, possibly in the direction of increasing crustal extension, the Moho is relatively flat between 30 and 33 km deep. Apparent bright-spot reflections from the lower crust are interpreted as evidence for ductile shearing of the lower crust, not for active magma chambers. Doming of the lower crust resembles that observed elsewhere in the Basin and Range province and is consistent with ductile flow in the lower crust.