A method to separate sediments into discrete size fractions for geochemical analysis has been tested. The procedures were chosen to minimize the destruction or formation of aggregates and involved gentle sieving and settling of wet samples. Freeze-drying and sonication pretreatments, known to influence aggregates, were used for comparison. Freeze-drying was found to increase the silt/clay ratio by an average of 180 percent compared to analysis of a wet sample that had been wet sieved only. Sonication of a wet sample decreased the silt/clay ratio by 51 percent. The concentrations of metals and organic carbon in the separated fractions changed depending on the pretreatment procedures in a manner consistent with the hypothesis that aggregates consist of fine-grained organic- and metal-rich particles. The coarse silt fraction of a freeze-dried sample contained 20–44 percent higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, and organic carbon than the coarse silt fraction of the wet sample. Sonication resulted in concentrations of these analytes that were 18–33 percent lower in the coarse silt fraction than found in the wet sample. Sonication increased the concentration of lead in the clay fraction by an average of 40 percent compared to an unsonicated sample. Understanding the magnitude of change caused by different analysis protocols is an aid in designing future studies that seek to interpret the spatial distribution of contaminated sediments and their transport mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00775044","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Barbanti, A., and Bothner, M., 1993, A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis: Environmental Geology, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00775044.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50ce4b0c8380cd46ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbanti, A.","contributorId":6204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbanti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018251,"text":"70018251 - 1993 - The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:04:05","indexId":"70018251","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface","docAbstract":"The subsurface riparian zone was examined as an ecotone with two interfaces. Inland is a terrestrial boundary, where transport of water and dissolved solutes is toward the channel and controlled by watershed hydrology. Streamside is an aquatic boundary, where exchange of surface water and dissolved solutes is bi-directional and flux is strongly influenced by channel hydraulics. Streamside, bi-directional exchange of water was qualitatively defined using biologically conservative tracers in a third order stream. In several experiments, penetration of surface water extended 18 m inland. Travel time of water from the channel to bankside sediments was highly variable. Subsurface chemical gradients were indirectly related to the travel time. Sites with long travel times tended to be low in nitrate and DO (dissolved oxygen) but high in ammonium and DOC (dissolved organic carbon). Sites with short travel times tended to be high in nitrate and DO but low in ammonium and DOC. Ammonium concentration of interstitial water also was influenced by sorption-desorption processes that involved clay minerals in hyporheic sediments. Denitrification potential in subsurface sediments increased with distance from the channel, and was limited by nitrate at inland sites and by DO in the channel sediments. Conversely, nitrification potential decreased with distance from the channel, and was limited by DO at inland sites and by ammonium at channel locations. Advection of water and dissolved oxygen away from the channel resulted in an oxidized subsurface habitat equivalent to that previously defined as the hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone is viewed as stream habitat because of its high proportion of surface water and the occurrence of channel organisms. Beyond the channel's hydrologic exchange zone, interstitial water is often chemically reduced. Interstitial water that has not previously entered the channel, groundwater, is viewed as a terrestrial component of the riparian ecotone. Thus, surface water habitats may extend under riparian vegetation, and terrestrial groundwater habitats may be found beneath the stream channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00007177","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Duff, J., and Avanzino, R., 1993, The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Hydrobiologia, v. 251, no. 1-3, p. 167-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007177.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007177"}],"volume":"251","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa2e4b08c986b32493c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186252,"text":"70186252 - 1993 - Teleseismic tomography; lithospheric structure of the San Andreas Fault system in northern and central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T15:38:39.293665","indexId":"70186252","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Teleseismic tomography; lithospheric structure of the San Andreas Fault system in northern and central California","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismic tomography: Theory and practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., and Zandt, G., 1993, Teleseismic tomography; lithospheric structure of the San Andreas Fault system in northern and central California, chap. of Seismic tomography: Theory and practice, p. 440-465.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f92e4b09da67997ed24","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688022,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirahara, Kazuro","contributorId":190681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirahara","given":"Kazuro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zandt, George","contributorId":65490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zandt","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186568,"text":"70186568 - 1993 - Subsurface stratigraphic cross section of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in the south eastern Wind River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T13:50:17","indexId":"70186568","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Subsurface stratigraphic cross section of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in the south eastern Wind River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wyoming Geological Association special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wyo. Geol. Assoc","usgsCitation":"Finn, T., 1993, Subsurface stratigraphic cross section of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in the south eastern Wind River basin, Wyoming, in Wyoming Geological Association special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming, p. 91-94.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186569,"text":"70186569 - 1993 - Scourata bridge over the Weldon River, Iowa.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T13:53:37","indexId":"70186569","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scourata bridge over the Weldon River, Iowa.","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1993 national conference on Hydraulic engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1993 national conference on Hydraulic engineering","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., 1993, Scourata bridge over the Weldon River, Iowa., in 1993 national conference on Hydraulic engineering, p. 1854-1859.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"1854","endPage":"1859","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, E.E.","contributorId":102480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185346,"text":"70185346 - 1993 - Status of Pacific Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T22:11:52.251704","indexId":"70185346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Status of Pacific Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","title":"Status of Pacific Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wyoming Geological Association special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wyo. Geol. Assoc. ","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., Clark, A., and Keighin, C.W., 1993, Architecture of Fort Union paleovalley conglomerates related to aquifer potential in the western Wind River basin, in Wyoming Geological Association special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming, p. 143-162.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"143","endPage":"162","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, A.C.","contributorId":25164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keighin, C. W.","contributorId":79887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186578,"text":"70186578 - 1993 - Reservoir anisotropy and facies stratigraphic framework in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, western Wind River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:19:30","indexId":"70186578","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reservoir anisotropy and facies stratigraphic framework in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, western Wind River basin","docAbstract":"Investigation of reservoir anisotropy and lithofacies stratigraphic framework in the Fort Union Formation in western Wind River Basin, Wyoming focused on excellent surface exposures in the Shotgun Butte, Eagle Point, and Shotgun Bench synclines, and in the Merriam anticline area of the Wind River Reservation (Fig. 1). A complementary study was made of the formation in the Muddy Ridge and Pavillion gas fields, 8-10 mi to the southeast (Fig. 2). The Fort Union Formation is as much as 4000 ft thick in these areas, but thins to approximately 1800 ft toward the northern flank of the Little Dome anticline 3 mi south of Merriam anticline (Keefer and Troyer, 1964). The Fort Union Formation includes interbedded conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, coals, and carbonaceous shales (Fig. 3). The lower member of the Fort Union Formation is dominated by conglomerates and sandstones. The overlying Shotgun Member of the Fort Union Formation mainly consists of siltstones, mudstones, and carbonaceous shales, and coals, and subordinate sandstones. Contact between the lower member and Shotgun Member is gradational and marked by a topographic change from the resistant conglomerates and sandstones of the lower member to less resistant fine-grained strata of the Shotgun Member. In addition, the Shotgun Member commonly contains coal and carbonaceous shale beds, both in the surface and subsurface (Fig. 4). About 15-20 mi east of the study area the Waltman Shale Member of the Fort Union Formation pinches out at the contact between the lower member and Shotgun Member (Keefer and Johnson, this volume). The Waltman Shale Member, which consists of brown to gray silty and shaly claystones interbedded with sandstones, increases in thickness to as much as 3000 ft eastward into the basin center (Keefer, 1961; 1965). Thus, eastward, the Paleocene Fort Union Formation in ascending order, contains the lower member, Waltman Shale Member, and Shotgun Member. The Shotgun Member generally thins and interfingers with the Waltman Member.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., and Keighin, C.W., 1993, Reservoir anisotropy and facies stratigraphic framework in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, western Wind River basin, p. 121-141.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"121","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keighin, C. W.","contributorId":79887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185457,"text":"70185457 - 1993 - An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:58:04","indexId":"70185457","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","docAbstract":"Several investigators have proposed solute transport models that incorporate the effects of transient storage. Transient storage occurs in small streams when portions of the transported solute become isolated in zones of water that are immobile relative to water in the main channel (e.g., pools, gravel beds). Transient storage is modeled by adding a storage term to the advection-dispersion equation describing conservation of mass for the main channel. In addition, a separate mass balance equation is written for the storage zone. Although numerous applications of the transient storage equations may be found in the literature, little attention has been paid to the numerical aspects of the approach. Of particular interest is the coupled nature of the equations describing mass conservation for the main channel and the storage zone. In the work described herein, an implicit finite difference technique is developed that allows for a decoupling of the governing differential equations. This decoupling method may be applied to other sets of coupled equations such as those describing sediment-water interactions for toxic contaminants. For the case at hand, decoupling leads to a 50% reduction in simulation run time. Computational costs may be further reduced through efficient application of the Thomas algorithm. These techniques may be easily incorporated into existing codes and new applications in which simulation run time is of concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02217","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Chapra, S.C., 1993, An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 211-215, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02217.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"211","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapra, Steven C.","contributorId":189667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapra","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186591,"text":"70186591 - 1993 - Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T15:59:28","indexId":"70186591","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate change in continental isotopic records","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM078p0321","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Gleason, J., Sheppard, R., and Gude, A., 1993, Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash, chap. of Climate change in continental isotopic records, p. 321-323, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0321.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheppard, R.A.","contributorId":22361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gude, A.J.","contributorId":53869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003047,"text":"1003047 - 1993 - Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T15:46:07.409712","indexId":"1003047","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) and threatened Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nest at commercial sand and gravel mining operations (sand pits) along the Platte River system in Nebraska. Sandbar habitat has been disappearing since the early 1900's along the Platte River system, but numbers of sand pits have increased. We hypothesized that birds would more fully utilize sand pits where suitable sandbar habitat was limited. We inventoried sand pits and censused terns and plovers on both habitats along the Loup River, part of the North Loup River, and most of the Platte River during 1988-1991. Using aircraft, we also quantified features of suitable sand pits present on the central Platte in 1988 and lower Platte in 1990, and related features to abundance and presence of birds. We found 225 sand pits of which 78 were suitable and 187 were unsuitable for nesting. Along the central Platte, where sandbar habitat is severely degraded, birds nested at 81% of the suitable sand pits (N = 32) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (61-94%) nested on sand pits. Along the lower Platte, where both sandbar and sand pit habitat are plentiful, birds nested at 60% of the suitable sand pits (N = 35) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (60-86%) nested on sandbars. Numbers of terns and plovers were more weakly correlated with features of sand pits on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Least Terns and Piping Plovers seem to use more of the suitable sand pit habitat on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Sand pits probably have influenced the birds' distribution by providing alternative nesting habitat along rivers where suitable sandbars are rare or absent.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521432","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., and Kirsch, E., 1993, Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 16, no. 2, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521432.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomarkers: Research and application in the assessment of environmental health: Proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on biological markers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biological Markers","conferenceDate":"May 12-17,1991","conferenceLocation":"Texel, The Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-84631-1_3","isbn":"13:978-3-642-84631-1","usgsCitation":"Stegeman, J.J., Ballachey, B.E., Bickham, J., Hocker, B., Kennedy, S., Thompson, H., and Vethaak, A., 1993, Implementation of biomarker-based studies, chap. 3 of Biomarkers: Research and application in the assessment of environmental health: Proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on biological markers, v. 68, p. 31-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84631-1_3.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","publicComments":"This Conference Proceedings is Volume 68 of the NATO ASI Series","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b5e4b09da6799977cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Peakall, David B.","contributorId":48263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peakall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shugart, Lee R.","contributorId":190465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shugart","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bickham, J.","contributorId":190467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bickham","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hocker, B.","contributorId":190466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hocker","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, S.","contributorId":39908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, H.","contributorId":190468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vethaak, A.D.","contributorId":190469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vethaak","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70186912,"text":"70186912 - 1993 - Gravity and magnetic studies of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T18:45:55","indexId":"70186912","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Gravity and magnetic studies of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wyo. Geol. Assoc.","usgsCitation":"Kucks, R., 1993, Gravity and magnetic studies of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, in Special symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming, p. 377-386.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"377","endPage":"386","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e65e4b06911a29fa87a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017828,"text":"70017828 - 1993 - A rainfall intensity-duration threshold for landslides in a humid- tropical environment, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:48:07.399269","indexId":"70017828","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1767,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rainfall intensity-duration threshold for landslides in a humid- tropical environment, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Landslides are triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and construction on hillslopes. The leading cause of landslides in Puerto Rico is intense and/or prolonged rainfall. A rainfall threshold for rainfall-triggered landsliding is delimited by 256 storms that occurred between 1959 and 1991 in the central mountains of Puerto Rico, where mean annual rainfall is close to or in excess of 2,000 mm. Forty one of the 256 storms produced intense and/or prolonged rainfall that resulted in tens to hundreds of landslides. A threshold fitted to the lower boundary of the field defined by landslide-triggering storms is expressed as
I = 91.46 D-0.82
where I is rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour, and D is duration in hours. Landslide-producing storms occurred at an average rate of 1.2 per year. In general the landslides triggered by short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events were mainly shallow soil slips and debris flows, while the long-duration, low-intensity rainfall produced larger, deeper debris avalanches and slumps. For storms that had durations of up to 10 h, landsliding did not occur until rainfall intensity was as much as three times as high as the rainfall intensity reported as sufficient to trigger landsliding in temperate regions. As storm durations approach 100 h, the rainfall conditions necessary to initiate landsliding in Puerto Rico converge with those defined for temperate regions. A comparison of the Puerto Rico threshold with rainfall data from other humid-tropical regions suggests that the threshold developed for Puerto Rico may be applicable to other similar environments throughout the world.
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C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186920,"text":"70186920 - 1993 - Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T21:04:58","indexId":"70186920","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","docAbstract":"A variety of instruments (including borehole strainmeters, water wells, creepmeters, laser ranging and differential magnetometers) are used to monitor crustal deformation in areas that are prone to geologic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In monitoring the deformation, one typically examines the data for either a change in rate, or a simple offset in the record. However, one needs to place a statistical confidence level that the detected signal differs from the background “noise”. Calculation of the statistical confidence level may be done using the formalism of the matched filter, whose output is the signal-to-noise ratio, ρ. Two ingredients are needed to form a matched filter: 1) The power density spectrum of the instrument and 2) the functional form of the signal that we desire to detect. Using the available crustal deformation data from the Parkfield, California network, the background noise for individual instruments as a function of frequency, f, is estimated using the traditional method of the power density spectra. Except for two-color laser distance-ranging data, the power spectra for most of the instruments have a frequency dependence of f−n where 2≤n≤3. The confidence level with which a hypothesized signal is present is determined directly from the signal-to-noise ratio, with the numerator being a function of the signal and the denominator being a function of the power spectrum. Using a creepmeter as an example, a 0.04-mm change occurring over 1 hour, a 0.06-mm occurring over 10 hours, or 0.20-mm over 100 hours are all signals for which ρ=2 and therefore have only a 5% confidence that these signals could be background noise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92GL02718 ","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Quilty, E., and Breckenridge, K., 1993, Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 2, p. 85-88, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02718 .","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"85","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quilty, Eddie","contributorId":190885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quilty","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breckenridge, Katherine","contributorId":190888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breckenridge","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184611,"text":"70184611 - 1993 - Population trends of Alaskan seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T13:06:23","indexId":"70184611","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2992,"text":"Pacific Seabird Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends of Alaskan seabirds","docAbstract":"Ornithology in Alaska formally began with the observations of Georg Wilhelm Steller during Vitus Bering's voyage of discovery in 1741. Steller's journal makes brief mention of various seabird species he encountered during his travels in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands (Frost and Engel 1988). For more than 100 years following Steller, the Russian-American Company was active in commercial fur harvesting throughout southern coastal Alaska, but this period saw little contribution to a scientific understanding of the region's avifauna. With the purchase of Alaska by the United States in 1867, a period of American exploration began that included significant work by pioneering naturalists such as Dall (1873, 1874), Elliot (1881), Nelson (1883), and Turner (1885, 1886). While this activity established a comprehensive list and general knowledge of the distribution of seabird species occurring in Alaska, early observers provided no quantitative estimates of abundance for any colony or region.
The observations of Heath (1915) and Willett (1912, 1915, 1917) at two locations in southeastern Alaska are notable for including the first numerical estimates of any seabird populations for comparison with recent data. Willett's (1912, 1915) estimates of 13 species are given in Table 1 with results from a 1976 Survey at Forrester Island (DeGange et al. 1977) and a 1981 survey at St. Lazaria Island (Nelson et al 1982). In the aggregate, seabird numbers appeared to increase dramatically at both sites, but the differences may be largely artificial. Because Willett (1915) did not employ rigorous sampling methods, DeGange et al. (1977) surmised that he grossly underestimated the populations of burrowing species such as storm-petrels, Cassin's Auklets. and Rhinoceros Aulkets. Nelson et al. (1982) offered a similar interpretation of total storm-petrel numbers at St. Lazaria, but felt that a shift in the species ratio of Leach's and Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels had likely occurred. It seems reasonably certain that real changes in some of the open-nesters like Common Murres (down at Forrester Island, up at St. Lazaria) and Glaucous-winged and Herring Gulls (absent or down at both sites) have occurred since Willet's time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1993, Population trends of Alaskan seabirds: Pacific Seabird Group Bulletin, v. 20, no. 1, p. 3-12.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pacificseabirdgroup.org/psg-publications/pacific-seabirds/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c950e4b0f37a93ee9b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185436,"text":"70185436 - 1993 - A perspective on stream-catchment connections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:19:14","indexId":"70185436","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A perspective on stream-catchment connections","docAbstract":"Ecological study of the hyporheic zone is leading to recognition of a need for additional hydrologic understanding. Some of this understanding can be obtained by viewing the hyporheic zone as a succession of isolated boxes adjacent to the stream. Further understanding, particularly relevant to catchment-scale ecology, may come from studies focussed on the fluid mechanics of the flow-path connections between streams and their catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467684","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1993, A perspective on stream-catchment connections: Freshwater Science, v. 12, no. 1, p. 44-47, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467684.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"44","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186214,"text":"70186214 - 1993 - Fracture zone traces across the North Pacific Cretaceous Quiet Zone and their tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T14:40:29","indexId":"70186214","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fracture zone traces across the North Pacific Cretaceous Quiet Zone and their tectonic implications","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, tectonics, and volcanism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM077p0137","usgsCitation":"Atwater, T., Sclater, J., Sandwell, D., Severinghaus, J., and Marlow, M.S., 1993, Fracture zone traces across the North Pacific Cretaceous Quiet Zone and their tectonic implications, chap. of The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, tectonics, and volcanism, p. 137-154, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM077p0137.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"137","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Tanya","contributorId":168311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwater","given":"Tanya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sclater, John","contributorId":190236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sclater","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandwell, David","contributorId":190237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandwell","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Severinghaus, Jeff","contributorId":190238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Severinghaus","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185141,"text":"70185141 - 1993 - Family stability in greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:32:10","indexId":"70185141","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Family stability in greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"I investigated the stability of parent-offspring bonds, and sibling-sibling bonds of neck-banded Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) during winters (September-May) in California and southern Oregon from 1979 to 1989. Geese captured at feeding sites were more likely to be in social groups than those captured at roosting sites. Offspring remained associated with their parents longer than reported for other geese, as 69% of yearlings, 39% of two-year-olds, and 38% of three-year-olds and older were observed with their parents during winter. The proportion of time offspring spent with their parents declined as they grew older, being 76% for juveniles, 32% for yearlings, and 15% for two-year-olds and older. The prevalence of extended family groups was corroborated by counts of landing groups of unmarked geese. Sibling bonds also persisted after the first year of life, with 74%, 50%, and 39% of siblings maintaining some degree of social contact at ages of one, two and three years or older, respectively. Older offspring were more likely to associate with brood mates than with parents. Intensive observations ended when the oldest known-age geese were 34 months old. Incidental sightings in subsequent years revealed that some offspring up to eight years of age still associated with their parents and/or siblings. The benefits of maintaining long-term family bonds were not readily apparent, as there was no difference in the reproductive success of parents with and without attendant offspring, and yearlings that associated with parents were not more likely to survive than yearlings that did not associate with parents. However, older offspring and their parents may benefit by remaining together if extended families are more dominant and have better access to limited food and safe roost sites. Parents benefit if their fitness is enhanced due to nest defense provided by older offspring, and subadults probably benefit from staying with their parents by learning foraging and predator avoidance strategies from parents and older siblings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088407","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., 1993, Family stability in greater white-fronted geese: The Auk, v. 110, no. 3, p. 425-235, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088407.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca5301e4b0849ce97c875c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017777,"text":"70017777 - 1993 - Deposition of Franciscan Complex cherts along the paleoequator and accretion to the American margin at tropical paleolatitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:24:05.912076","indexId":"70017777","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition of Franciscan Complex cherts along the paleoequator and accretion to the American margin at tropical paleolatitudes","docAbstract":"Red radiolarian cherts from three localities within the Franciscan subduction complex of northern California contain three components of remanent magnetization which are best isolated by progressive thermal demagnetization. The first component, usually removed by 300 °C, has an in situ direction similar to the present axial-dipole field and is probably a recently acquired thermoviscous overprint. A second component, generally removed between 300 and 630 °C, has constant (normal) polarity and direction within each section and is interpreted to have been acquired by low-temperature chemical alteration during subduction and accretion at the continental margin. The third component, isolated between ∼560 and 680 °C, has both normal and reversed polarities, passes a fold test, and is inferred to have been acquired during or soon after deposition. The available paleomagnetic, biostratigraphic, and geochemical data indicate deposition of these cherts along the paleoequator (0°-2°N or S paleolatitude) between Pliensbachian and Oxfordian time as the oceanic plate moved eastward, relative to North America, beneath the equatorial zone of high biologic productivity. Between Bathonian and Cenomanian time, the chert sequences apparently moved progressively away from the paleoequator (2°-15°N or S), and were soon after accreted to the American continental margin. Plate reconstruction models for the Farallon plate corroborate low-paleolatitude trajectories from ridge crest to subduction zone (for example, from 3°S to 11°N), and they imply subsequent northward translation of the Franciscan Complex (> 4,000 km) by strike-slip faulting related to relative motions between the Farallon, Kula, Pacific, and North American plates.
Three new reference materials were manufactured for calibration of relative stable nitrogen‐isotope‐ratio measurements:
USGS25 (ammonium sulfate) δ615″=−30 per mil
USGS26 (ammonium sulfate) δ615″=+54 per mil
USGS32 (potassium nitrate) δ615″=+180 per mil
where δN′, relative to atmospheric nitrogen, is an approximate value subject to change following interlaboratory comparisons. These materials are isotopically homogeneous in aliquots at least as small as 10 pot N, (or about 1‐2 mg of salt). The new reference materials greatly extend the range of δ15N values of internationally distributed standards, and they allow normalization of δ15N measurements over almost the full range of known natural isotope variation on Earth. The methods used to produce these materials may be adapted to produce homogeneous local laboratory standards for routine use.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geoanalysts","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.1993.tb00131.x","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., Gwinn, C.J., and Coplen, T., 1993, New reference materials for nitrogen-isotope-ratio measurements: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 17, no. 1, p. 159-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1993.tb00131.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gwinn, C. J.","contributorId":192614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwinn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T. B.","contributorId":118620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187319,"text":"70187319 - 1993 - GPS network operations for the International GPS Geodynamics Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T14:50:51.702584","indexId":"70187319","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GPS network operations for the International GPS Geodynamics Service","docAbstract":"As GPS technology comes of age in the 1990’s, it is evident that an internationally sponsored GPS tracking system is called for to provide consistent, timely ground tracking data and data products to the geophysical community. The planning group for the International GPS Geodynamics Service (IGS), sponsored by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), is addressing all elements of the end-to-end tracking system, ranging from data collection to data analysis and distribution of products (Mueller, 1992). Part of the planning process is to formulate how these various elements work together to create the common infrastructure needed to support a wide variety of GPS investigations. A key element for any permanent satellite tracking system is certainly the acquisition segment; the reliability and robustness of the ground network operations directly determine the fates and limitations of final products. The IGS planning group therefore included a committee tasked to develop and establish standards governing data acquisition and site-specific characteristics deemed necessary to ensure the collection of a high quality, continuous data set. An abbreviated version of these standards is included as art appendix to this paper.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permanent satellite tracking networks for geodesy and geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-77726-4_3","usgsCitation":"Neilan, R.E., 1993, GPS network operations for the International GPS Geodynamics Service, in Permanent satellite tracking networks for geodesy and geodynamics, p. 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77726-4_3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030339e4b0e862d230f7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neilan, Ruth E.","contributorId":191502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neilan","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000026,"text":"7000026 - 1993 - Monitoring active volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"7000026","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Monitoring active volcanoes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000026","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1993, Monitoring active volcanoes (Online edition): General Interest Publication, 17 p. : ill. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000026.","productDescription":"17 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/monitor/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":343985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}