{"pageNumber":"4144","pageRowStart":"103575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70017361,"text":"70017361 - 1993 - Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:44:53","indexId":"70017361","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction","docAbstract":"Presented in this part of the two-part paper is a study of the relations between earthquake motions recorded from two, adjacent, seven-story buildings, from a downhole below the foundation of one of the buildings and from three free-field sites, all within one city block. This unique data set was obtained during the Whittier-Narrows, Calif. earthquake of Oct. 1, 1987, Part I includes background information on the two buildings, the site, and the data set. Building response characteristics of a code-type instrumented building (A) and an extensively instrumented building (B) are also studied. In this part, spectral analysis techniques are used to study the relationships between the motions of the roofs and basements, the downhole and the free-field sites. It is asserted that there is building-soil-building interaction between the two buildings at a frequency of 2.35 Hz. Furthermore, the free-field motions are shown to be influenced by the presence of the buildings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1993, Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 119, no. 8, p. 2477-2492, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477).","startPage":"2477","endPage":"2492","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269377,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477)"}],"volume":"119","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b5de4b08c986b3177a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017403,"text":"70017403 - 1993 - Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017403","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The explosion of a cryptodome at Mount St. Helens in 1980 produced two juvenile rock types that are derived from the same source magma. Their differences-color, texture and density-are due only to vesicularity differences. The vesicular gray dacite comprises bout 72% of the juvenile material; the black dacite comprises the other 28%. The density of juvenile dacite is bimodally distributed, with peaks at 1.6 g cm-3 (gray dacite) and 2.3 g cm-3 (black dacite). Water contents, deuterium abundances, and the relationship of petrographic structures to vapor-phase crystals indicate both rock types underwent pre-explosion subsurface vesiculation and degassing. The gray dacite underwent a second vesiculation event, probably during the 18 May explosion. In the subsurface, gases probably escaped through interconnected vesicles into the permeable volcanic edifice. We suggest that nonuniform degassing of an initially homogeneous magma produced volatile gradients in the cryptodome and that these gradients were responsible for the density bimodality. That is, water contents less than about 0.2-0.4 wt% produced vesicle growth rates that were slow in comparison to the pyroclast cooling rates; greater water contents produced vesicle growth rates that were fast in comparison to cooling rates. In this scheme, the dacite densities are bimodally distributed simply because, following decompression on 18 May 1980, one clast population vesiculated while the other did not. For clasts that did vesiculate, vesicle growth continued until it was arrested by fragmentation. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302002","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., and Harmon, R., 1993, Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 421-437, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302002.","startPage":"421","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302002"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f132e4b0c8380cd4aab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014578,"text":"1014578 - 1993 - Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014578","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1628,"text":"Feed Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Feed Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"94-130/TL","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., 1993, Fish feed ingredients: Where is fish meal use headed?: Feed Management, v. 44, no. 12, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"p. 15-18","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014580,"text":"1014580 - 1993 - Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T11:23:55.162148","indexId":"1014580","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>Close to 12% of the world's 6.5 million metric tons of fish meal is used for aquaculture feeds. If current trends continue, roughly 20% to 25% of total world fish meal production could be used for aquaculture by the year 2000. Fish stocks used in fish meal reduction, however, appear to be in worldwide decline. A growing fish farming industry and a stagnating, if not diminishing, supply of fish meal have sobering economic and technologic implications for fish culture. Unless suitable alternate protein sources are found or other animal feeds begin to rely less on fish meal, fish production costs can be expected to increase dramatically. A precedent was set by the poultry industry, the most economically successful and competitive of the animal agriculture industries. Twenty years ago, the poultry industry consumed up to 80% of fish meal supplies. Through deliberate and well-organized research into alternate protein sources, the industry now uses less than 40% of supplies, and the trend is toward complete independence from fish meal. A comparable research effort is needed for aquaculture. Considering the biotechnologies available, plant proteins, processed to remove enzyme inhibitors and other antinutritional factors and properly supplemented with essential amino acids and minerals where needed, could produce results at least equivalent to those obtained with fish meal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0014:FMAASO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., 1993, Fish meal and alternate sources of protein in fish feeds: Update 1993: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 7, p. 14-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0014:FMAASO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017394,"text":"70017394 - 1993 - Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017394","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming","docAbstract":"Alpine glacier retreat resulting from global warming since the close of the Little Ice Age in the 19th and 20th centuries has increased the risk and incidence of some geologic and hydrologic hazards in mountainous alpine regions of North America. Abundant loose debris in recently deglaciated areas at the toe of alpine glaciers provides a ready source of sediment during rainstorms or outburst floods. This sediment can cause debris flows and sedimentation problems in downstream areas. Moraines built during the Little Ice Age can trap and store large volumes of water. These natural dams have no controlled outlets and can fail without warning. Many glacier-dammed lakes have grown in size, while ice dams have shrunk, resulting in greater risks of ice-dam failure. The retreat and thinning of glacier ice has left oversteepened, unstable valley walls and has led to increased incidence of rock and debris avalanches. ?? 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00605437","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J.E., and Costa, J.E., 1993, Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming: Natural Hazards, v. 8, no. 2, p. 121-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00605437.","startPage":"121","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605437"},{"id":228921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18f6e4b0c8380cd5585e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014582,"text":"1014582 - 1993 - Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014582","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1949,"text":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-096/TL","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., and Bowser, P., 1993, Soybean meal hypersensitivity and effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunological response and gastrointestinal histology of rainbow trout: INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials), v. 4, no. 4, p. 507-507.","startPage":"507","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, P.R.","contributorId":17935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014585,"text":"1014585 - 1993 - Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T16:16:04.564145","indexId":"1014585","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":775,"text":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","title":"Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Five soya-bean preparations that had been subjected to various physicochemical processing procedures were chemically defined in respect to proximate analysis, amino acid analyses, protease inhibitor activity, soluble oligosaccharides and antigenicity. These soya preparations were then formulated, along with a low-temperature fish meal control, into six isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) in feeding trials as well as in tests using specially constructed metabolic chambers. Based on the chemical and biological results, we concluded that soya-bean oligosaccharides do not have to be removed or modified for maximum growth or nitrogen utilization by rainbow trout. Likewise, the protease or trypsin inhibitor activity, which was low for all experimental treatments, did not appear to be a major factor in determining fish performance. Although the results regarding naturally occurring soya antigens only suggested allergenicity, it is concluded that more attention should be focused on these heat-stable proteins with antigenic or allergenic potential in fish diets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Hughes, S.G., and Winfree, R., 1993, Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winfree, Robert","contributorId":33619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfree","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014659,"text":"1014659 - 1993 - Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"1014659","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1949,"text":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-095/TL","usgsCitation":"Ketola, G., and Baltusis, F., 1993, Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon: INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials), v. 4, no. 4.","productDescription":"517 p.","startPage":"517","numberOfPages":"517","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, G.H.","contributorId":18318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltusis, F.","contributorId":60163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltusis","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018368,"text":"70018368 - 1993 - Experimental investigation and application of the equilibrium rutile + orthopyroxene = quartz + ilmenite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018368","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental investigation and application of the equilibrium rutile + orthopyroxene = quartz + ilmenite","docAbstract":"Equilibria in the Sirf (Silica-Ilmenite-Rutile-Ferrosilite) system: {Mathematical expression} have been calibrated in the range 800-1100?? C and 12-26 kbar using a piston-cylinder apparatus to assess the potential of the equilibria for geobarometry in granulite facies assemblages that lack garnet. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the two end-member equilibria involving quartz + geikielite = rutile + enstatite, and quartz + ilmenite = rutile + ferrosilite, are metastable. We therefore reversed equilibria over the compositional range Fs40-70, using Ag80Pd20 capsules with {Mathematical expression} buffered at or near iron-wu??stite. Ilmenite compositions coexisting with orthopyroxene are {Mathematical expression} of 0.06 to 0.15 and {Mathematical expression} of 0.00 to 0.01, corresponding to KD values of 13.3, 10.2, 9.0 and 8.0 (??0.5) at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100?? C, respectively, where KD=(XMg/XFe)Opx/(XMg/XFe)Ilm. Pressures have been calculated using equilibria in the Sirf system for granulites from the Grenville Province of Ontario and for granulite facies xenoliths from central Mexico. Pressures are consistent with other well-calibrated geobarometers for orthopyroxeneilmenite pairs from two Mexican samples in which oxide textures appear to represent equilibrium. Geologically unreasonable pressures are obtained, however, where oxide textures are complex. Application of data from this study on the equilibrium distribution of iron and magnesium between ilmenite and orthopyroxene suggests that some ilmenite in deep crustal xenoliths is not equilibrated with coexisting pyroxene, while assemblages from exposed granulite terranes have reequilibrated during retrogression. The Sirf equilibria are sensitive to small changes in composition and may be used for determination of activity/composition (a/X) relations of orthopyroxene if an ilmenite model is specified. A symmetric regular solution model has been used for orthopyroxene in conjunction with activity models for ilmenite available from the literature to calculate a/X relations in orthopyroxene of intermediate composition. Data from this study indicate that FeSiO3-MgSiO3 orthopyroxene exhibits small, positive deviations from ideality over the range 800-1100??C. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00712975","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hayob, J., Bohlen, S., and Essene, E., 1993, Experimental investigation and application of the equilibrium rutile + orthopyroxene = quartz + ilmenite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 115, no. 1, p. 18-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712975.","startPage":"18","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479513,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47307>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712975"},{"id":227024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd4e4b0c8380cd531f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayob, J.L.","contributorId":107866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayob","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018358,"text":"70018358 - 1993 - Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major types of uranium deposits occur in China: granite, volcanic, sandstone, and carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock. These types are major sources of uranium in many parts of the world and account for about 95 percent of Chinese production. Descriptive models for each of these types record the diagnostic regional and local geologic features of the deposits that are important to genetic studies, exploration, and resource assessment. A fifth type of uranium deposit, metasomatite, is also modeled because of its high potential for production. These five types of uranium deposits occur irregularly in five tectonic provinces distributed from the northwest through central to southern China. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257556","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Feng, S., Zuyi, C., and McCammon, R., 1993, Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556"},{"id":227598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff29e4b0c8380cd4f05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.","contributorId":49665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuyi, C.","contributorId":81754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuyi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014906,"text":"1014906 - 1993 - Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:34:09.628555","indexId":"1014906","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>)","title":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Juvenile white sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser transmontanus</i><span>) were fed three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 35% D-glucose (HC), a mixture of 20% dextrin and 10% cellulose (MC), or 23% cellulose (LC), to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on liver function. After 8-week feeding, body weight gain of fish fed the HC diet was consistently higher than that of fish fed the MC and LC diets, but was not significantly different from the MC-fed fish. Fish fed the HC diet had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher feed efficiencies and liver glycogen concentrations than fish fed the MC and LC diets. Sturgeon were injected intravenously with 10 mg kg</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;body weight of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and post-injection blood taken from the caudal vein at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. No significant differences in plasma BSP concentrations were found among the treatments at these times. Plasma hemoglobin and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were not affected by the diets. This study suggests that the HC diet does not adversely affect liver function or weight gain. Inclusion of high dietary levels of digestible and inexpensive carbohydrates in commercial sturgeon feeds seems promising, but long-term feeding trials should be conducted to confirm this assertion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00004416","usgsCitation":"Fynn-Aikins, K., Hung, S.S., and Hughes, S.G., 1993, Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004416.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fynn-Aikins, K.","contributorId":34080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fynn-Aikins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hung, S. S. O.","contributorId":76275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014899,"text":"1014899 - 1993 - Effects of salinity on chloride cells and Na+ K+-ATPase activity in the teleost <i>Gillchthys mirabilis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T19:02:34","indexId":"1014899","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity on chloride cells and Na+ K+-ATPase activity in the teleost <i>Gillchthys mirabilis</i>","docAbstract":"<p></p><p>1. Longjawed mudsuckers, <i>Gillichthys mirabilis</i>, in 30ppt seawater (SW) were transferred to 1.5, 30 and 60ppt SW.</p><p>2. In the first 1–3 days after transfer, plasma chloride level and plasma osmolarity rose in the 60ppt SW fish, and decreased in the 1.5ppt SW fish.</p><p>3. By day 21, however, plasma chloride and osmolarity were at or near the levels seen in the controls (30ppt).</p><p>4. Branchial and jawskin Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activities were high in all salinities, and did not differ significantly among treatments.</p><p>5. The vital fluorescent stains DASPEI and anthroylouabain were used to detect mitochondria and Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, respectively, in chloride cells.</p><p>6. Both stains indicated that jawskin chloride cell density did not differ among treatment groups.</p><p>7. In contrast, chloride cell size increased significantly with increasing salinity.</p><p>8. The chloride cells of fish in 60 ppt SW were noticeably angular in outline, whereas those of both the 1.5 and 30ppt SW fish were circular.</p><p>9. The results are discussed in relation to the ion transport requirements encountered in the intertidal habitat of the mudsucker.</p><p></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(93)90213-N","usgsCitation":"Yoshikawa, J., McCormick, S., Young, G., and Bern, H.A., 1993, Effects of salinity on chloride cells and Na+ K+-ATPase activity in the teleost <i>Gillchthys mirabilis</i>: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 105, no. 2, p. 311-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90213-N.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshikawa, J.S.M.","contributorId":74099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"J.S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, G.","contributorId":101215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bern, H. A.","contributorId":61771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bern","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014895,"text":"1014895 - 1993 - Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:15:09.732543","indexId":"1014895","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Although diel food habit studies have been undertaken on a number of individual species, few studies have examined diel variation in the diets of fish communities. We examined the diel diet variation and feeding periodicity of a fish community in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania. Nine species, totalling 1,098 fish, were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period in October 1989, in numbers sufficient to describe their diel variation in diet composition. Diel variation in diet composition was evident in all species, as no single prey taxon was dominant in the diet of any species during any 4-h interval. Ephemeropterans were the most important prey taxa for four species of centrarchids, whereas chironomids were the main prey of banded killifish, mimic shiners, and spotfin shiners. Algae was the major component in the diet of spottail shiners, whereas bluntnose minnows contained mostly detritus. Feeding activities of rock bass, redbreast sunfish, and pumpkinseed occurred at low levels throughout the day; peak feeding occurred from 2000 to 0400 hours. Food consumption of smallmouth bass increased throughout the day with peak consumption occurring at 2000 hours. Non-centrarchids fed little during daylight hours and showed peak activity at 2000–2400 h. Construction of a 24-hour diet from six 4-h interval estimates and feeding periodicity data provided a comprehensive representation of the diel feeding ecology of all species collected.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00005412","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1993, Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community: Hydrobiologia, v. 271, p. 149-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005412.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017405,"text":"70017405 - 1993 - Generation of aliphatic acid anions and carbon dioxide by hydrous pyrolysis of crude oils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T12:23:58.754861","indexId":"70017405","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of aliphatic acid anions and carbon dioxide by hydrous pyrolysis of crude oils","docAbstract":"Two crude oils with relatively high (0.60 wt%) and low (0.18 wt%) oxygen contents were heated in the presence of water in gold-plated reactors at 300??C for 2348 h. The high-oxygen oil was also heated at 200??C for 5711 h. The compositions of aqueous organic acid anions of the oils and of the headspace gases were monitored inn order to investigate the distribution of organic acids that can be generated from liquid petroleum. The oil with higher oxygen content generated about five times as much organic anions as the other oil. The dominant organic anions produced were acetate, propionate and butyrate. Small amounts of formate, succinate, methyl succinate and oxalate were also produced. The dominant oxygen-containing product was CO2, as has been observed in similar studies on the hydrous pyrolysis of kerogen. These results indicate that a significant portion (10-30%) of organic acid anions reported i be generated by thermal alteration of oils in reservoir rocks. The bulk of organic acid anions present in formation waters, however, is most likely generated by thermal alteration of kerogen in source rocks. Kerogen is more abundant than oil in sedimentary basins and the relative yields of organic acid anions reported from the hydrous pyrolysis of kerogen are much higher than the yields obtained for the two oils. ?? 1993.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(93)90001-W","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Lundegard, P., Ambats, G., Evans, W.C., and Bischoff, J.L., 1993, Generation of aliphatic acid anions and carbon dioxide by hydrous pyrolysis of crude oils: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 4, p. 317-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90001-W.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1551e4b0c8380cd54d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundegard, P.D.","contributorId":71323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundegard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambats, G.","contributorId":64825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186699,"text":"70186699 - 1993 - An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:19:15","indexId":"70186699","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cross-bedded oolitic grainstones in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (Mississippian) of the Illinois basin have generally been considered to be shallow marine. However, fine- to medium-grained cross-bedded grainstones of mixed clast type in the Ste. Genevieve of Harrison County, southern Indiana, are here interpreted to be of eolian dune origin on the basis of small-scale sedimentary structures, particularly climbing-wind-ripple structures. In addition, subaerial exposure of surfaces at the tops and bases of the eolian units is indicated by pedogenic features such as in-situ breccias and rhizoliths. Associated skeletal and oolitic grainstones of marine origin are distinguished from the eolian grainstones by the presence of pebble-sized fossils. The presence of several interva s of eolian deposits in the Ste. Genevieve is probably a result of eustatic sea level fluctuations.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mississippian oolites and modern analogs","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R.E., 1993, An eolian facies in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone of southern Indiana, chap. <i>of</i> Mississippian oolites and modern analogs, p. 31-48.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"31","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/carbona1/data/a048/a048/0001/0000/0031.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d640a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014869,"text":"1014869 - 1993 - Plasmid-mediated romet resistance of Edwardsiella ictaluri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:33:06.606921","indexId":"1014869","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasmid-mediated romet resistance of Edwardsiella ictaluri","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Romet®, a potentiated sulfa drug composed of five parts sulfadimethoxine and one part ormetoprim, is used to treat channel catfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>infected with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, the causal agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Recently, several Romet-resistant isolates of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were isolated from channel catfish that had died from ESC in Virginia and Mississippi. This antimicrobial resistance was determined to be plasmid-encoded, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA, and by the fact that the plasmid and associated antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to a recipient by single-step conjugation. Size of the R plasmid was approximately 55 kilobase pairs. Plasmids also conferred resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and SXT (another potentiated sulfonamide, composed of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Each Romet-resistant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolate was mated with a plasmid recipient, the Romet-sensitive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolate 1932. Transconjugates were selected by plating on Mueller-Hinton agar that contained antimicrobials, and the mean transfer frequency was 1.483 × 10<sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>transconjugates per donor cell in the mating mixture. Each E. coli transconjugate was then mated with 20 Romet-sensitive isolates of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to assess the propensity of these<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolates to accept the R plasmid. The average transfer frequency when<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolates of channel catfish origin (N = 14) were used as recipients was 1.197 × 10<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>transconjugates per donor cell in the mating mixture; mean transfer frequency when<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolates not originating from channel catfish were used was 1.019 × 10<i>-3</i><span>&nbsp;</span>transconjugates per donor cell, which was significantly less (P = 0.0002).</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0001:PMRROE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., Cooper, R., Shotts, E.B., and Taylor, P., 1993, Plasmid-mediated romet resistance of Edwardsiella ictaluri: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0001:PMRROE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684fc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.K.","contributorId":83482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shotts, E. B. Jr.","contributorId":102414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shotts","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, P.W.","contributorId":62556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014861,"text":"1014861 - 1993 - Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:50:47.24453","indexId":"1014861","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review","docAbstract":"<p><span>Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone (GH) and its mode of action in salmonids are reviewed. We present evidence suggesting that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mediates some of the actions of GH on seawater acclimation. Plasma concentration and turnover of GH rise following exposure to seawater. Exogenous GH (</span><i>in vivo</i><span>) increases gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity and the number of gill chloride cells, and inhibits an increase in plasma osmolarity and ions following transfer of fish to seawater. A single class of high affinity GH receptors is present in the liver, gill, intestine, and kidney. The levels of IGF-I mRNA in the liver, gill and kidney increased after GH-injection. After transfer to seawater, IGF-I mRNA increased in the gill and kidney following the rise in plasma GH, although no significant change was seen in the liver. Injection of IGF-I improved the ability of the fish to maintain plasma sodium levels after transfer to seawater. GH treatment also sensitizes the interrenal to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), increasing cortisol secretion. Both cortisol and IGF-I may be involved in mediating the action of GH in seawater adaptation, although studies on the effect of GH on osmoregulatory physiology of non-salmonid species are limited. An integrated model of the osmoregulatory actions of GH is presented, and areas in need of research are outlined.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00004562","usgsCitation":"Sakamoto, T., McCormick, S., and Hirano, T., 1993, Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 11, no. 1-6, p. 155-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004562.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirano, T.","contributorId":85455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirano","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017352,"text":"70017352 - 1993 - Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017352","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek","docAbstract":"Two large floods, 3 and 4 times the estimated 100-year peak discharge, occurred in 1986 and 1991 at a timber-pile bridge over Razor Creek in Montana. A bridge section surveyed after the 1991 flood was compared with a 1955 design section and showed total scour of 0.85 m at the left abutment, 2.23 m at the right abutment, and 0. 94 m at the pile bents. Calculated total scour based on equations recommended by the Federal Highway Administration and data obtained after the 1991 flood was 3.20 m at the left abutment, 4.36 m at the right abutment, and 2.13 m at the pile bents. Residual scour from floods prior to 1986 was presumed to be negligible because no floods of significant magnitude were documented. Also, scour for the 1986 flood is believed to be significantly less than for the 1991 flood because the 1986 peak discharge was significantly smaller and the contracted section for the 1986 peak discharge was 22 m upstream from the bridge.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., Parrett, C., and Tillinger, T.N., 1993, Bridge scour and change in contracted section, Razor Creek, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2249-2255.","startPage":"2249","endPage":"2255","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f279e4b0c8380cd4b1ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillinger, Todd N.","contributorId":84515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillinger","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013319,"text":"1013319 - 1993 - Kappa-casein polymorphisms among cattle breeds and bison herds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T17:05:57.517062","indexId":"1013319","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":776,"text":"Animal Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kappa-casein polymorphisms among cattle breeds and bison herds","docAbstract":"<p><span>We identified the&nbsp;</span><i>Hind</i><span>III restriction site polymorphism of K-casein in cattle reported by Pinder&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>Animal Genetics</i><span>&nbsp;22, 11, 1991) and found an additonal polymorphism (</span><i>Rsa</i><span>I) in cattle and bison. The&nbsp;</span><i>Hin</i><span>dIII and&nbsp;</span><i>Rsa</i><span>I restriction sites were mapped and three haplotypes (alleles) were identified. Preliminary screening of 39 cattle and 71 bison revealed one allele restricted to cattle, one restricted to bison, and one shared by the species. No fixed allelic differences were observed among cattle breeds or among bison herds or subspecies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00256.x","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., and Cockett, N., 1993, Kappa-casein polymorphisms among cattle breeds and bison herds: Animal Genetics, v. 24, no. 2, p. 135-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00256.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cockett, N.","contributorId":60180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockett","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013315,"text":"1013315 - 1993 - In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:43:28","indexId":"1013315","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","docAbstract":"<p>Several recently published papers discussed the importance of systematics (the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms) and taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) for managing wildlife (Ryder 1986, Avise 1989, Amato 1991, O'Brien and Mayr 1991, Dowling et al. 1992), Often, classification below the species level is needed; for example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 applies to local populations and subspecies as well as species. Conservation efforts may focus below the species level because of concerns about the fitness, evolutionary potentials, and locally adapted gene pools of natural populations (Soulé 1986, Hedrick and Milller 1992). This can be considered the genetic component of biodiversity.</p><p>Recent systematic studies with wildlife management applications have used modern molecular genetic methods. Analyses of a specific molecular marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used in many of these studies (e.g., Shields and Wilson 1987, Avise and Nelson 1989, O'Brien et al. 1990, Wayne and Jenks 1991, Cronin 1992), However, there are limitations to the use of mtDNA in systematics (e.g., Overden et al., 1987, Pamilo and Nei 1988, Dowling et al. 1992). In my experience as a geneticist working with wildlife biologists, I have found a need for clarification of the use and limitations of modern molecular genetics. I specifically discuss the limitations of mtDNA data in systematic assessments of wildlife at and below the species level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1993, In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017404,"text":"70017404 - 1993 - Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:19:06","indexId":"70017404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Clues to the overall structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the rift structures are broad, extending farther to the north than to the south of the surface features. The magnetic data give more definition to the rift structures by allowing separation into a narrow, highly-magnetized, shallow zone and broad, flanking, magnetic lows. The patterns of gravity, magnetic variations, and seismicity document the southward migration of the upper cast rift zone. Regional, hydrologic features of Kilauea can be determined from resistivity and self-potential studies. High-level groundwater exists beneath Kilauea summit to elevations of +800 m within a triangular area bounded by the west edge of the upper southwest rift zone, the east edge of the upper east rift zone, and the Koa'c fault system. High-level groundwater is present within the east rift zone beyond the triangular summit area. Self-potential mapping shows that areas of local heat produce local fluid circulation in the unconfined aquifer (water table). The dynamics of Kilauea eruptions are responsible for both the source of heat and the fracture permeability of the hydrothermal system. Shallow seismicity and surface deformation indicate that magma is intruding and that fractures are forming beneath the rift zones and summit area. Magma supply estimates are used to calculate the rate of heat input to Kilauea's hydrothermal systems. Heat flows of 370-820 mW/m2 are calculated from deep wells within the lower east rift zone. The estimated heat input rate for Kilauea of 9 gigawatts (GW) is at least 25 times higher than the conductive heat loss as estimated from the heat flow in wells extrapolated over the area of the summit caldera and rift zones. Heat must be dissipated by another mechanism, or the heat input rate estimates are much too high. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., 1993, Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 4, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268156,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2811e4b0c8380cd59dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186711,"text":"70186711 - 1993 - Imaging volcanoes using teleseismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:51:27","indexId":"70186711","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Imaging volcanoes using teleseismic tomography","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismic tomography; theory and prac­tice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chapman and Hall","usgsCitation":"lyerand, H., and Dawson, P., 1993, Imaging volcanoes using teleseismic tomography, chap. <i>of</i> Seismic tomography; theory and prac­tice, p. 466-492.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"466","endPage":"492","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"lyerand, H.M.","contributorId":190679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"lyerand","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, P.B.","contributorId":75934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017351,"text":"70017351 - 1993 - Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:30:49","indexId":"70017351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Winegar Phase of the Wisconsin Glaciation produced a band of hummocky glacial topography in northern Wisconsin. Some hummocks are composed of flow till and somewhat sorted till-like debris-flow sediment. These hummocks formed when ice melted beneath a cover of debris that flowed to its present position. Other hummocks contain interlayered lodgement and meltout till, flow till, debris-flow and slopewash sediment, lake, and meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed where sediment was stacked near the ice margin. In other hummocks till and supraglacial debris-flow and slopewash sediment deposited during the Winegar Phase form a thin veneer over older meltwater-stream sediment. These hummocks formed when ice buried in pre-Winegar Phase stream sediment melted, and the overlying sediment collapsed. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Attig, J., and Clayton, L., 1993, Stratigraphy and origin of an area of hummocky glacial topography, northern Wisconsin, U.S.A.: Quaternary International, v. 18, no. C, p. 61-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J.","startPage":"61","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90054-J"},{"id":225116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99abe4b08c986b31c53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attig, J.W.","contributorId":26410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attig","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, L.","contributorId":55145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017369,"text":"70017369 - 1993 - Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:59:23","indexId":"70017369","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is 0.2–0.9 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Cd, 1–20 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Cu, 4–16 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Ni, and 0.2–20 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Zn. Effective concentrations in fresh water discharged into San Francisco Bay during 1990–1991 (estimated by extrapolation to zero salinity) are 740–860 μmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for silicate, 21–44 μmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for phosphate, 10–15 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>for Cd, 210–450 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Cu, 210–270 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Ni, and 190–390 nmol kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Zn. Comparison with effective trace metal and nutrient concentrations for freshwater discharge reported by Flegal et al. (1991) shows that input of these constituents to the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay accounts for only a fraction of the input to Gulf of the Farallones from the estuary system as a whole. The nutrient and trace metal composition of shelf water outside a 30-km radius from the mouth of the estuary closely resembles that of California Current water further offshore. In contrast to coastal waters elsewhere, there is little evidence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn input by sediment diagenesis in continental shelf waters of California.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352603","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1993, Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352603.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb671e4b08c986b326c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017353,"text":"70017353 - 1993 - Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017353","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Weather Service (NWS) have developed an operational warning system for debris flows during severe rainstorms in the San Francisco Bay region. The NWS makes quantitative forecasts of precipitation from storm systems approaching the Bay area and coordinates a regional network of radio-telemetered rain gages. The USGS has formulated thresholds for the intensity and duration of rainfall required to initiate debris flows. The first successful public warnings were issued during a severe storm sequence in February 1986. Continued operation of the warning system since 1986 has provided valuable working experience in rainfall forecasting and monitoring, refined rainfall thresholds, and streamlined procedures for issuing public warnings. Advisory statements issued since 1986 are summarized.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., Mark, R., and Barbato, G., 1993, Operation of a real-time warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco bay area, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1908-1913.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1913","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e81e4b0c8380cd756a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Raymond C. rwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Raymond","email":"rwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbato, Gary","contributorId":86903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbato","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}