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Intercontinental invasions, such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla into North America, Elodea canadensis into Europe and Elodea nuttallii, Egeria densa and Cabomba caroliniana into Japan, have generally been well documented. However, the spread of an exotic species across a continent after its initial introduction (e.g., Potamogeton crispus in North America) or the expansion of a species native to a continent into hitherto unexploited territory (e.g.,the expansion of the North American native Myriophyllum heterophyllum into New England) have received little attention. Natural declines in aquatic macrophyte communities have also received little scientific study although there are many accounts of macrophyte declines. The best-documented example comes from the marine literature where extensive declines of eelgrass (Zostera) occurred in the 1930s along the Atlantic coast due to a pathogenic marine slime mold (''wasting disease''). The aim of this workshop was to identify examples of invasions or natural declines of aquatic macrophyte species throughout the world and assess the importance of environmental factors in their control. Forty-five scientists and aquatic plant managers from ten countries participated in the workshop. Eleven of the participants contributed written evaluations of species invasions and declines in their geo-graphic region. These were distributed to registered participants prior to the meeting and served as the starting-point of workshop discussions. To address the topics raised in the working papers, the participants divided into four working groups to evaluate: 1. Environmental controls of species invasions. 2. Biotic controls of species declines. 3. Abiotic controls of species declines. 4. Impact of management practices on macrophyte invasions or declines. Each working group was asked to identify existing evidence, the need for additional evidence and management implications of their topics and then requested to discuss their findings with the entire workshop at the conclusion of discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Plant Management Soc, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Clermont, FL","collaboration":"ISI:A1993MU07900049","usgsCitation":"Chambers, P., Barko, J., and Smith, C., 1993, Evaluation of invasions and declines of submersed aquatic macrophytes: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 31, p. 218-220.","productDescription":"pp. 218-220","startPage":"218","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, P.A.","contributorId":75888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, C.S.","contributorId":93012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184262,"text":"70184262 - 1993 - Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:32:04","indexId":"70184262","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","docAbstract":"

Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and geese often occur together, especially at sites used by geese for migrational staging and wintering. Although numerous studies have been directed at these taxa, there are only anecdotal accounts (Parris et al. 1980, Bennett and Klaas 1986, Bartley 1988) of Bald Eagles killing healthy geese at any time of the year (but see Raveling and Zezulak 1991). Most species of geese may be too large, as suggested by Shetrod et al. (1976) and Palmer (1988), or they may not regularly allow eagles an advantageous attack position (J.M. Gerrard in litt.).

Here we report observations of attacks on Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) by Bald Eagles on the Alaska Peninsula in autumn. We discuss these and other observations of eagle-goose interactions vis-a-vis the role of Bald Eagles as predators of Emperor Geese.

","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Kincheloe, K.L., 1993, Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 34-36.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kincheloe, Karen L.","contributorId":179365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincheloe","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003763,"text":"1003763 - 1993 - Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T11:03:51.320202","indexId":"1003763","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska","docAbstract":"

During the 1989 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calving season on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. Dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the Hulahula and Aichilik rivers. Primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermined causes (8%). Twenty calves had contributory renal tubular degeneration. The findings indicate that factors contributing to nutritional deprivation in calves were the major cause of neonatal mortality; however, factors affecting stillbirth, abortion, or the urogenital system may have major effects on neonatal caribou and warrant further investigation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T., 1993, Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 2, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.547119140625,\n 70.0205873017406\n ],\n [\n -144.129638671875,\n 70.06933004398222\n ],\n [\n -143.96484375,\n 70.09178819981841\n ],\n [\n -143.822021484375,\n 70.13289843995392\n ],\n [\n -143.646240234375,\n 70.1739272109675\n ],\n [\n -143.316650390625,\n 70.15901707518466\n ],\n [\n -143.10791015625,\n 70.1440961784468\n ],\n [\n -142.921142578125,\n 70.0992688549557\n ],\n [\n -142.723388671875,\n 70.06183859241078\n ],\n [\n -142.525634765625,\n 70.03184576544432\n ],\n [\n -142.41577148437497,\n 69.99053495947653\n ],\n [\n -142.22900390624997,\n 69.92275861498187\n ],\n [\n -141.92138671875,\n 69.88501003874241\n ],\n [\n -141.5478515625,\n 69.80172356231073\n ],\n [\n -141.3720703125,\n 69.78654510363337\n ],\n [\n -141.185302734375,\n 69.72191464905208\n ],\n [\n -141.163330078125,\n 69.66472343054369\n ],\n [\n -141.163330078125,\n 69.44212761341763\n ],\n [\n -141.1962890625,\n 69.26393034602108\n ],\n [\n -141.1962890625,\n 69.10385857475971\n ],\n [\n -141.273193359375,\n 69.00173871231314\n ],\n [\n -141.492919921875,\n 68.9505002454657\n ],\n [\n -141.844482421875,\n 68.95839084822076\n ],\n [\n -142.44873046875,\n 68.96233509064635\n ],\n [\n -144.0087890625,\n 68.942606818121\n ],\n [\n -144.437255859375,\n 68.93865904495844\n ],\n [\n -144.810791015625,\n 68.93865904495844\n ],\n [\n -144.99755859375,\n 68.99780152328962\n ],\n [\n -145.008544921875,\n 69.07248770696529\n ],\n [\n -145.0634765625,\n 69.15864952562399\n ],\n [\n -145.01953124999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -144.986572265625,\n 69.50761166714045\n ],\n [\n -144.9755859375,\n 69.61885926881004\n ],\n [\n -144.8876953125,\n 69.80172356231073\n ],\n [\n -144.755859375,\n 69.96043926902489\n ],\n [\n -144.6240234375,\n 70.00180966478055\n ],\n [\n -144.547119140625,\n 70.0205873017406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018249,"text":"70018249 - 1993 - Use of chemistry and stable sulfur isotopes to determine sources of trends in sulfate of Colorado lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T08:30:25","indexId":"70018249","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of chemistry and stable sulfur isotopes to determine sources of trends in sulfate of Colorado lakes","docAbstract":"

The chemistry of lakes in the Mt. Zukel Wilderness Area (MZWA) and the Weminuche Wilderness Area (WWA) of Colorado has been monitored since 1985. The initial results indicate that changes have occurred in the chemistry of some lakes in both areas. Increased concentration of sulfate in lakes may be related to increased atmospheric deposition of sulfate or to changes of sulfate released by weathering and to changing dilution of sulfate by snowmelt. Stable S isotopes seem to be capable of separating the fraction of change in sulfate that is related to atmospheric and watershed sources. Because of the short period of record, it is not possible to determine whether the changes are part of a long-term trend or are merely natural fluctuations about some baseline.The chemistry of lakes in th Mt. Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) and Weminche Wilderness Area (WWA) of Colorado has been monitored since 1985. The initial results indicate that changes have occurred in the chemistry of some lakes in both areas. Increased concentration of sulfate in lakes may be related to increased atmospheric deposition of sulfateor to changes of sulfate released by weathering and to changing dilution of sulfate by snowmelt. Stable S isotopes seem to be capable of separating the fraction of change in sulfate that is related to atmospheric and watershed sources. Because of the short period of record, it is not possible to determine whether the changes are part of long-term or are merely natural fluctuations about some baseline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00478156","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Turk, J., Campbell, K., and Spahr, N., 1993, Use of chemistry and stable sulfur isotopes to determine sources of trends in sulfate of Colorado lakes: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 67, no. 3-4, p. 415-431, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00478156.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbed4e4b08c986b3297e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spahr, N.E.","contributorId":79476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018247,"text":"70018247 - 1993 - A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018247","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province","docAbstract":"The REE and Pb, Sr, Nd isotopes in three xenoliths from limburgite and scoria-breccias, including spinel-lherzolite, spinel-garnet-lherzolite and phlogopite-gamet-lherzolite, were analysed. The REE contents of the xenoliths are 1.3 to 3.3 times those of the chondrites with their REE patterns characterized by weak LREE depletion. The143Nd/144Nd values of whole rocks and minerals range from 0.51306 to 0.51345 with ??Nd=+ 8.2- +15.8,206Pb/204 Pb < 18.673, and207Pb/204Pb < 15.574. All this goes to show that the upper mantle in Mingxi at the depth of 67-82 km is a depleted mantle of MORB type, with87Sr/86 Sr ratios 0.70237-0.70390. In Nd-Sr diagram the data points of whole rocks are all out of the mantle array, implying that the xenoliths from Mingxi have more radiogenic Sr isotopes than those of the mantle array. ?? 1993 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Science in China Press","doi":"10.1007/BF02842191","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Wankang, H., Junwen, W., Basu, A.R., and Tatsumoto, M., 1993, A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 2, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842191.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02842191"},{"id":227328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5b9e4b0c8380cd46f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankang, H.","contributorId":24101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Junwen, W.","contributorId":32683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junwen","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1004101,"text":"1004101 - 1993 - Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report July 1992- September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-28T11:27:08","indexId":"1004101","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report July 1992- September 1992","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kidd, G., 1993, Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report July 1992- September 1992: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 1, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, G.","contributorId":91440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009883,"text":"70009883 - 1993 - Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission track ages for 1992 fission track workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:09:46","indexId":"70009883","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2912,"text":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission track ages for 1992 fission track workshop","docAbstract":"Two apatites and one sphene were made available to the fission track research community for analysis prior to the 1992 Fission Track Workshop held in Philadelphia, U.S.A., 13-17 July. Eighteen laboratories throughout the world received aliquots of apatite and sphene. To date, analyses by 33 different scientists have been representing 15 different laboratories. With respect to the previous two interlaboratory comparisons, there is a noticeable improvement in the accuracy of the age results (Naeser and Cebula, 1978; Naeser et al., 1981; Miller et al., 1985;Miller et al.1990). Ninety-four percent of the analysis used the external detector method (EDM) combined with the zeta technique while the remaining individuals used the population method (POP). Track length measurements (requested for the first time in the interlaboratory comparison studies) were in relatively good agreement. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/1359-0189(93)90197-H","issn":"13590189","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.S., Crowley, K., Dokka, R., Galbraith, R., Kowallis, B.J., and Naeser, C.W., 1993, Results of interlaboratory comparison of fission track ages for 1992 fission track workshop: Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, v. 21, no. 4, p. 565-573, https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90197-H.","startPage":"565","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269912,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90197-H"},{"id":219414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aab67e4b0c8380cd8680e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D. S.","contributorId":64260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, K.D.","contributorId":86769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dokka, R.K.","contributorId":70253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dokka","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galbraith, R.F.","contributorId":61272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kowallis, B. J.","contributorId":60717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowallis","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003838,"text":"1003838 - 1993 - Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T13:56:16","indexId":"1003838","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions","docAbstract":"

Fat soluble vitamins E and A (quantified as α-tocopherol and all-trans retinol, respectively) were measured in plasma samples from 274 captive cranes from four institutions and five free-ranging birds. Ages ranged from 4 mo to 80 yr, and all 15 crane species were represented. Captive cranes had a mean ± standard error (SE) of 6.57 ± 0.82 μg/ml α-tocopherol; migrating greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadenis tabida) had a plasma concentration of 3.71 ± 0.22 μg/ml. Sex and age differences were not significant, but crane species that evolved in temperate habitats had higher circulating levels of α-tocopherol than tropical or subtropical species. Mean ± SE retinol values were 0.69 ± 0.05 μg/ml in captive cranes, and 0.66 ± 0.08 μg/ml in free-ranging cranes; values did not differ significantly by sex, age, or species. Dietary vitamin E concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma α-tocopherol levels in a logarithmic relationship. Dietary selenium at 0.5 mg/kg was associated with decreased circulating a-tocopherol concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98","usgsCitation":"Dierenfeld, E.S., Sheppard, C., Langenberg, J., Mirande, C., Spratt, J., and Dein, F., 1993, Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 1, p. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, Maryland, New York, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":" Bronx Zoo, International Crane Foundation, Patuxent Wildlife Center, St Catherine's Island, ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.54705506927561\n ],\n [\n -89.76628303527832,\n 43.54705506927561\n ],\n [\n -89.76628303527832,\n 43.55091201787063\n ],\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.55091201787063\n ],\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.54705506927561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.88219833374023,\n 40.84894322160766\n ],\n [\n -73.87438774108887,\n 40.8419958315821\n ],\n [\n -73.8717269897461,\n 40.850436490715694\n ],\n [\n -73.86940956115723,\n 40.8497872474124\n ],\n [\n -73.86966705322266,\n 40.85491609612425\n ],\n [\n -73.8804817199707,\n 40.85653906681298\n ],\n [\n -73.88219833374023,\n 40.84894322160766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81777954101562,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -76.77383422851562,\n 39.032519409191565\n ],\n [\n -76.72576904296875,\n 39.073044543690926\n ],\n [\n -76.73881530761719,\n 39.08743603215884\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 39.0831721934762\n ],\n [\n -76.81846618652344,\n 39.08690306641833\n ],\n [\n -76.83700561523436,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -76.81777954101562,\n 39.0533181067413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 31.71064464454446\n ],\n [\n -81.199951171875,\n 31.68143311662596\n ],\n [\n -81.19308471679688,\n 31.5656652152831\n ],\n [\n -81.16973876953125,\n 31.534652412605492\n ],\n [\n -81.10519409179688,\n 31.69253458059131\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 31.71064464454446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dierenfeld, Ellen S.","contributorId":7677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierenfeld","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheppard, C.D.","contributorId":71520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenberg, J.","contributorId":20692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mirande, C.","contributorId":66216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirande","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spratt, J.","contributorId":103639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spratt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003792,"text":"1003792 - 1993 - Diagnostic riddles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-15T16:50:22","indexId":"1003792","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3771,"text":"Wildlife Disease Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic riddles","docAbstract":"

A bridled white-eye (Zosterops conspicillata) was captured in a mist net on the island of Saipan and transported to the island of Guam for an experimental study. Beginning on day three, it was immunosuppressed by intramuscular injections of dexamethasone. It was unexpectedly found dead on day 20, at which time it had lost 0.9 g (12.9% of initial body weight).

Gross Pathology: Despite the weight loss, the white-eye was in good flesh, with abundant subcutaneous and visceral fat. The spleen was 3 x 11 mm, about 5 times normal size. The striatum of the forebrain was congested. There were no other lesions. Histopathology: There were microscopic abnormalities in skeletal muscle, brain, and gizzard (Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 2 is from a different white-eye which had virtually identical gizzard lesions).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sileo, L., and Greiner, E., 1993, Diagnostic riddles: Wildlife Disease Newsletter, v. 29, no. 1, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saipan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.80917358398438,\n 15.30008112737089\n ],\n [\n 145.68832397460938,\n 15.208662610868245\n ],\n [\n 145.67733764648438,\n 15.113889978918127\n ],\n [\n 145.74462890625,\n 15.076764665951568\n ],\n [\n 145.7679748535156,\n 15.107923848482166\n ],\n [\n 145.8050537109375,\n 15.178180945596363\n ],\n [\n 145.78857421875,\n 15.21065039253651\n ],\n [\n 145.84625244140622,\n 15.272924708699211\n ],\n [\n 145.80917358398438,\n 15.30008112737089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66740e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greiner, E.C.","contributorId":12808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greiner","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000701,"text":"1000701 - 1993 - Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000701","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3159,"text":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","docAbstract":"This study establishes a baseline of water chemistry information for selected Indiana fens over the course of one year. Fens are peatlands fed by groundwater seepage and are characterized by their dominant plant communities. Most of the fens discussed in this paper are located on property controlled and protected by the State of Indiana or the Federal government. Comparisons were made of variability in water chemistry data between fens located in the same area and those located some distance away. This survey indicated extensive variability in fen water chemistry with greater variability in water chemistry between fens in separate locations than in yearly variation within individual fens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stewart, P.M., Kessler, K., and Dunbar, R., 1993, Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, v. 102, p. 207-217.","productDescription":"p. 207-217","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Katrina","contributorId":14359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Katrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, Richard","contributorId":107663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000648,"text":"1000648 - 1993 - Factors affecting feeding behavior and survival of juvenile lake trout in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:45:11","indexId":"1000648","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting feeding behavior and survival of juvenile lake trout in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"

We explored the importance of experience with feeding on live prey, of cataracts, of strain, and of maternally transferred contaminants for the feeding rate and predator avoidance behavior of young lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Hatchery-reared and feral juvenile lake trout were tested separately as predators on lake trout fry in tanks with artificial cobble reefs. Feral fish captured more prey per day and more prey per strike than did hatchery lake trout. The predatory performance of hatchery and feral fish did not improve significantly with experience. Feeding rates did not differ between lake trout with unilateral cataracts and normal-eyed fish, but significantly diminished for lake trout with bilateral cataracts. Neither strain nor contaminant background affected the ability of fry to feed or to avoid predators. Of the factors studied, previous experience with live food under natural conditions (i.e., the experience of feral fish) was the most important factor affecting feeding behavior of young lake trout.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0366:FAFBAS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., Henry, M.G., and Kincaid, H.L., 1993, Factors affecting feeding behavior and survival of juvenile lake trout in the Great Lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 3, p. 366-377, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0366:FAFBAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"377","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kincaid, Harold L.","contributorId":15978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincaid","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000646,"text":"1000646 - 1993 - How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T12:11:41","indexId":"1000646","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?","docAbstract":"

Literature on mollusk-eating fishes was reviewed to determine the potential for different species of fish to control zebra mussels in eastern North America. At least six species are potential predators of zebra mussels because they possess (1) both upper and lower pharyngeal teeth or (2) lower pharyngeal teeth and chewing pads located on the dorsal roof for crushing mollusk shells. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) and two centrarchids, redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus), possess both upper and lower pharyngeal teeth and are likely to consume more zebra mussels than fishes with only lower pharyngeal teeth. Only two catostomid species, copper and river redhorses (Moxostoma hubbsi and M. carinatum), have chewing pads that enable them to crush mollusks. The exotic omnivorous common carp (Cyprinus carpio), possessing lower teeth and a chewing pad, may prey on zebra mussels when aquatic insect larvae, its preferred food, become rare. Managing populations of drum, sunfishes and redhorses to reduce exploitation of large individuals and improve their habitats are suggested as means to intensify biological control of zebra mussels in eastern North America. Other Eurasian molluscivores, the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and the black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) should not be introduced into North America because research has shown repeatedly that an introduced biological controller usually does not forage for unwanted pests or reside only in preferred habitats of pests. Drum, sunfishes and redhorses should be preferred over these exotics as biological controllers of zebra mussels in North America because these native fishes will likely occupy newly established habitats of zebra mussels.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0013:HWCFPO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"French, J.R., 1993, How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 6, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0013:HWCFPO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000660,"text":"1000660 - 1993 - Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:28:00","indexId":"1000660","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

In 1992, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service began research on the life history, population dynamics, and stock delineation of siscowet lake trout Salvelinus namaycush siscowet in Lake Superior. Siscowet were captured with gill nets in 80-150 m of water on 23-26 April 1992 north of the Apostle Islands in western Lake Superior. Of 91 captured siscowets, one male had fully developed testes in nearly ripe condition and one female had eggs running from the vent. This observation represents the earliest dates that lake trout of any morphotype have been found in spawning or near-spawning condition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71246-0","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., 1993, Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 625-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71246-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"629","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70177014,"text":"70177014 - 1993 - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissues of birds at Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T11:26:25","indexId":"70177014","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissues of birds at Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"

The environment has become contaminated with complex mixtures of planar, chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and structurally similar compounds. Because the potencies of individual congeners to cause the same adverse effects vary greatly and the relative as well as absolute concentrations of individual PCH vary among samples from different locations, it is difficult to assess the toxic effects of these mixtures on wildlife. These compounds can cause a number of adverse effects, however, because the toxic effects which occur at ecologically-relevant concentrations such as embryo-lethality and birth defects appear to be mediated through the same mechanism, the potency of individual congeners can be reported relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) which is the most toxic congener in the PCH class. The concentations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents (TCDD-EQ) were determined in the tissues of aquatic and terrestrial birds of Green Bay, Wisconsin by the H4IIE bioassay system and compared toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) with the concentration predicted by the use of toxic equivalency factors applied to concentrations of PCH, which were determined by instrumental analyses. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ ranged from 0.52 to 440 ng/kg, wet weight. The greatest concentrations occurred in the fish-eating birds. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ, which were determined by the two methods were significantly correlated, but the additive model which used the TEFs with concentrations of measured PCB, PCDD and PCDF congeners underestimated the concentrations of TCDD-EQ measured by the H4IIE bioassay by an average of 57%. This is thought to be due to contributions from un-quantified PCH, which are known to occur in the environment. Of the quantified PCH congeners, PCDD and PCDF contributed a small portion of the TCDD-EQ in the aquatic birds, while most of the TCDD-EQ were due to non-ortho-substituted PCBs. In the terrestrial birds, the proportion of the TCDD-EQ contributed by the PCDD and PCDF was greater.

This paper has been reviewed in accord with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy. Mention of specific products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01128732","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.D., Giesy, J.P., Newsted, J.L., Verbrugge, D.A., Beaver, D.L., Ankley, G., Tillitt, D.E., Lodge, K.B., and Niemi, G.J., 1993, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissues of birds at Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 345-354, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01128732.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"354","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eec0e4b0824b2d18c43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Paul D.","contributorId":175332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newsted, John L.","contributorId":175333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsted","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verbrugge, David A.","contributorId":172542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verbrugge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beaver, Donald L.","contributorId":175373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaver","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":67382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lodge, Keith B.","contributorId":175374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodge","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Niemi, Gerald J.","contributorId":71904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemi","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1000632,"text":"1000632 - 1993 - Dynamics of a yellow perch population in western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T10:20:41","indexId":"1000632","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a yellow perch population in western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

Yellow perch Perca flavescens were sampled annually in 1973–1988 with bottom trawls in Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior. Biomass averaged l.6 kg/hectare. Fish l–3 years old made up 64% of the biomass, whereas fish of harvestable size (≥4 years old) made up only 31% of the biomass. Year-class strength was variable among years, but a Ricker recruitment function described the relation between year-class strength and parental stock size, Age-specific mortality increased substantially as fish became sexually mature at age 4, perhaps as a result of energy depletion associated with high reproductive and maintenance costs in a suboptimal thermal environment. Yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that most of the age-specific annual mortality was due to natural causes. Natural mortality, rather than limited recruitment or fishing mortality, was the major factor controlling harvestable stock size, Regardless of the size of a year-class produced, natural mortality greatly reduced its abundance prior to maturity and recruitment to the fishable stock. This high mortality, combined with very slow growth, limits the biomass potential of the harvestable stock, and sustainable yields from this population are therefore low.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0511:DOAYPP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., Selgeby, J.H., and Swedberg, D.V., 1993, Dynamics of a yellow perch population in western Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, no. 3, p. 511-523, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0511:DOAYPP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"523","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swedberg, Donald V.","contributorId":50115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swedberg","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000658,"text":"1000658 - 1993 - Crayfish (Orconectes virilis) predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T11:08:06.903111","indexId":"1000658","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crayfish (Orconectes virilis) predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)","docAbstract":"

In laboratory studies, we quantified predation rates and handling time of crayfish (Orconectes virilis) on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. In single prey species tests, crayfish ate zebra mussels at similar rates as they ate rainbow trout eggs. When both prey were present, crayfish preferred rainbow trout eggs. Handling time of mussels was about twice that of rainbow trout eggs, and energetic content of mussels was lower. Therefore, net benefit for foraging on rainbow trout eggs was about three times that of foraging on zebra mussels.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664861","usgsCitation":"Love, J., and Savino, J.F., 1993, Crayfish (Orconectes virilis) predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 253-259, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664861.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68356e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Joy","contributorId":76681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Joy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000702,"text":"1000702 - 1993 - Unionid bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T16:52:07","indexId":"1000702","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2565,"text":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unionid bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine species composition and relative abundance of unionid bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania 1990-1992. This information was compared with data from the only other extensive survey of unionids in the bay conducted in 1909-1911 (Ortmann 1919) to assess changes over the 80 years preceding the present study. A total of 1,540 individuals representing 18 species were collected in 1990-1992. Five relatively common species (between 7 and 42% of total individuals), six uncommon species (2 and 6%), and seven rare species (<1%) were found. The rare species were Anodontoides ferussacianus, Lasmigona costata, Ligumia recta, Ptychobranchus fasciolaris, Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa, Strophitus undaulatus, and Truncilla donaciformis. Five of the species found in Presque Isle Bay (Leptodea fragilis, Ligumia nasuta, Potamilus alatus, Quadrula quadrula, and Truncilla donaciformis) are listed as critically imperiled and one species (Truncilla truncata) as extirpated in the State of Pennsylvania by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Comparisons between unionid populations in 1909-1911 and 1990-1992 indicate few substantial changes occurred during the past 80 years. A total of 22 species were found; 21 in 1909-1911 and 18 in 1990-1992. Seventeen species were found in both studies, an additional four in 1909-1911 and one in 1990-1992. The relative abundance of 11 of the 17 species found in both studies remained stable (i.e., common or uncommon) over the past 80 years. Only four species listed as uncommon in 1909-1911 were listed as rare in 1990-1992. However, the invasion of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is considered a threat to the continued existence of the entire Unionidae fauna in Presque Isle Bay, a unique habitat of the Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Masteller, E., Maleski, K., and Schloesser, D.W., 1993, Unionid bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania: Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 67, no. 3, p. 120-126.","productDescription":"p. 120-126","startPage":"120","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269947,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pibpac.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/1993-Unionid-Bivalves-of-Presque-Isle-Bay.pdf"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masteller, E.C.","contributorId":6802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masteller","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maleski, K.R.","contributorId":17951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maleski","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000661,"text":"1000661 - 1993 - Growth-temperature relation for young-of-the-year ruffe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:25:14","indexId":"1000661","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth-temperature relation for young-of-the-year ruffe","docAbstract":"

The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) was accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes basin from Eurasia and has established a breeding population in the St. Louis River, a major tributary to western Lake Superior. We captured young-of-the-year ruffe in the St. Louis River; acclimated groups of 90-91 fish to test temperatures of 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C; and fed them ad libitum for 42 days at those temperatures. Ruffe grew at all five temperatures, but the optimum temperature for growth was about 21°C. Because the optimum temperature for growth of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), sauger (Stizoste-dion canadense), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is about 22°C, ruffe will probably attempt to share their thermal habitat. A recent survey of the St. Louis River revealed that yellow perch and small forage fish declined sharply as ruffe abundance increased. A similar decline in yellow perch abundance in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie would seriously affect the fisheries in these lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71247-2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Selgeby, J.H., Desorcie, T.J., and French, J.R., 1993, Growth-temperature relation for young-of-the-year ruffe: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 630-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71247-2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"633","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69612e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":309037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014895,"text":"1014895 - 1993 - Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:15:09.732543","indexId":"1014895","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community","docAbstract":"

Although diel food habit studies have been undertaken on a number of individual species, few studies have examined diel variation in the diets of fish communities. We examined the diel diet variation and feeding periodicity of a fish community in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania. Nine species, totalling 1,098 fish, were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period in October 1989, in numbers sufficient to describe their diel variation in diet composition. Diel variation in diet composition was evident in all species, as no single prey taxon was dominant in the diet of any species during any 4-h interval. Ephemeropterans were the most important prey taxa for four species of centrarchids, whereas chironomids were the main prey of banded killifish, mimic shiners, and spotfin shiners. Algae was the major component in the diet of spottail shiners, whereas bluntnose minnows contained mostly detritus. Feeding activities of rock bass, redbreast sunfish, and pumpkinseed occurred at low levels throughout the day; peak feeding occurred from 2000 to 0400 hours. Food consumption of smallmouth bass increased throughout the day with peak consumption occurring at 2000 hours. Non-centrarchids fed little during daylight hours and showed peak activity at 2000–2400 h. Construction of a 24-hour diet from six 4-h interval estimates and feeding periodicity data provided a comprehensive representation of the diel feeding ecology of all species collected.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00005412","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1993, Dieldrin variation in diet composition of a riverine fish community: Hydrobiologia, v. 271, p. 149-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005412.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017357,"text":"70017357 - 1993 - Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017357","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections","docAbstract":"AN understanding of the nature of seismic discontinuities in the Earth's upper mantle is important for understanding mantle processes: in particular, the amplitude and sharpness of these discontinuities are critical for assessing models of upper-mantle phase changes and chemical layering. So far, seismic studies aimed at determining the thickness and lateral variability of upper-mantle discontinuities have yielded equivocal results, particularly for the discontinuity at 410km depth1,2. Here we present short-period (0.8-2.0 s) recordings of upper-mantle precursors to the seismic phase P???P??? (PKPPKP) from two South American earthquakes recorded by the ???700-station short-period array in California. Our results show that the 410- and 660-km discontinuities beneath the Indian Ocean are locally simple and sharp, corresponding to transition zones of 4 km or less. These observations pose problems for mineral physics models3-5, which predict a transitional thickness greater than 6 km for the peridotite to ??-spinel phase transition. In contrast to the results of long-period studies6,7, we observe no short-period arrivals from near 520 km depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., and Vidale, J., 1993, Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections: Nature, v. 365, no. 6442.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","issue":"6442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e51e4b08c986b31887f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018358,"text":"70018358 - 1993 - Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major types of uranium deposits occur in China: granite, volcanic, sandstone, and carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock. These types are major sources of uranium in many parts of the world and account for about 95 percent of Chinese production. Descriptive models for each of these types record the diagnostic regional and local geologic features of the deposits that are important to genetic studies, exploration, and resource assessment. A fifth type of uranium deposit, metasomatite, is also modeled because of its high potential for production. These five types of uranium deposits occur irregularly in five tectonic provinces distributed from the northwest through central to southern China. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257556","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Feng, S., Zuyi, C., and McCammon, R., 1993, Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556"},{"id":227598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff29e4b0c8380cd4f05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.","contributorId":49665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuyi, C.","contributorId":81754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuyi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018351,"text":"70018351 - 1993 - Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T23:00:00.356103","indexId":"70018351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","docAbstract":"

The effect of Cl complexation in extracts of a flue gas-scrubber incinerator fly ash sample on the sorption of Cd and Pb by kaolinite and illite was investigated using batch-sorption methods. In the pH range of 5 to 9, Cl complexation may reduce sorption and thus increase the mobility of these metals. When an ash—water suspension was acidified to pH 6.85, the dissolution of Cl and Ca essentially eliminated Cd sorption because of complexation and cationic competition. Cadmium would be considered as either mobile or very mobile under these conditions. Lead was not soluble in the pH-6.85 suspension. At pH 12, the approximate pH of water in contact with flue gas-scrubber fly ash, Cd was essentially insoluble and Pb occurred as anionic Pb hydroxide. Anionic Pb was sorbed by the two clays, and the extent of sorption was not influenced by Cl or carbonate complexation. Sorption constants, derived from isotherms, suggested that Pb would be relatively immobile in saturated soil—water systems. The recent concern that highly alkaline, flue gas-scrubber fly ash may release environmentally significant concentrations of mobile Pb when placed in an ash-disposal site with a soil liner should be reevaluated in light of this study.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030019x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., Krapac, I., and Steele, J., 1993, Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 3, p. 537-543, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030019x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930de4b08c986b31a25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, J.D.","contributorId":22093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1012907,"text":"1012907 - 1993 - Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:34:36.790817","indexId":"1012907","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","docAbstract":"

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for >2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain >9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized.

","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1349","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1993, Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska: Arctic, v. 46, no. 3, p. 246-250, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.34481672551635,\n 67.58870870793487\n ],\n [\n -156.61662871693238,\n 69.88698952191177\n ],\n [\n -142.30081776744103,\n 68.55041162016985\n ],\n [\n -136.04234117554694,\n 67.92226553041144\n ],\n [\n -131.82553545283858,\n 69.76796795696842\n ],\n [\n -136.70233703921335,\n 69.98336322592374\n ],\n [\n -140.25169355339708,\n 70.24352252107704\n ],\n [\n -149.72467805004675,\n 71.0099231501892\n ],\n [\n -157.35456076031357,\n 71.57600605338166\n ],\n [\n -163.29621670736745,\n 70.4749164752956\n ],\n [\n -164.33243997214547,\n 69.25138380398332\n ],\n [\n -167.45366213502464,\n 68.87935502594922\n ],\n [\n -164.34481672551635,\n 67.58870870793487\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014686,"text":"1014686 - 1993 - Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:53:05.507682","indexId":"1014686","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad","docAbstract":"

Juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) were exposed to three levels of metomidate (0.0 = control, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) and three types of sedation or handling (none, sedation only, and handling after sedation) to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug for use in transport and handling of this species. Mean sedation times were 9 and 3 min, and mean recovery times were 6 and 7 min, respectively, for the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐mg/L concentrations of metomidate. For fish exposed to 1.0 mg metomidate/L, normal swimming behavior was delayed as long as 4 h after fish were placed in drug‐free water. Aggregating and parallel orientation behaviors, precursors of normal schooling, were significantly reduced at the highest drug level for 1 h, but not for 24 h, after recovery. No posttreatment difference in behavior was observed as a result of handling fish (removal from water, weighing, and measuring) under sedation. Long‐term (50‐d) survival was not affected by drug concentration in one experiment and was improved by use of the anesthetic in a second study. Metomidate appears to be useful and safe for the transportation and handling of juvenile American shad.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0236:EOTAMF%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Backman, T.W., and Bennett, R.M., 1993, Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 4, p. 236-243, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0236:EOTAMF%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backman, T. W. H.","contributorId":84307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}