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,{"id":70175097,"text":"70175097 - 1993 - Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:30:04","indexId":"70175097","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research","publisherLocation":"Hamilton, New Zealand","usgsCitation":"McBride, G.B., Vant, W.N., Cloern, J., and Liley, J.B., 1993, Development of a model of phytoplankton blooms in Manukau Harbour, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand ","otherGeospatial":"Manukau Harbour","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              174.17724609374997,\n              -37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              175.352783203125,\n              -37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              175.352783203125,\n              -36.67723060234621\n            ],\n            [\n              174.17724609374997,\n              -36.67723060234621\n            ],\n            [\n              174.17724609374997,\n              -37.43997405227057\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cade4b0589fa1c9809b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vant, W. N.","contributorId":173249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vant","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liley, J. B.","contributorId":173251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017965,"text":"70017965 - 1993 - Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017965","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge","docAbstract":"A program based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methods for indirectly computing peak discharges through culverts allows users to employ input data formats used by the water surface profile program (WSPRO). The program can be used to compute discharge rating surfaces or curves that describe the behavior of flow through a particular culvert or to compute discharges from measurements of upstream of the gradually varied flow equations and has been adapted slightly to provide solutions that minimize the need for the user to determine between different flow regimes. The program source is written in Fortran 77 and has been run on mini-computers and personal computers. The program does not use or require graphics capability, a color monitor, or a mouse.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1993, Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2213-2218.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2218","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd08e4b0c8380cd4e5ce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017961,"text":"70017961 - 1993 - Regional flow in the Baltic Shield during Holocene coastal regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T11:57:08.337744","indexId":"70017961","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional flow in the Baltic Shield during Holocene coastal regression","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The occurrence of saline waters in the Baltic Shield in Sweden is consistent with ongoing but incomplete Holocene flushing and depends on the geometry and connectivity of conductive structures at both regional and local scales, and on the surface topography. Numerical simulation of regional variable-density fluid flow during Holocene land-rise and coastal regression shows that the existence of any old saline water, whether derived from submarine recharge in regions below Sweden's highest postglacial coastline or geochemical processes in the crystalline rock, is an indication either of slow fluid movements through the bedrock over long times, or of long travel distances through fracture systems before arriving at measurement points. During the land-rise period, regional flow is not affected by the variable density of fluids in the upper few kilometers of the shield, and the topography of the water table is the only driving force. The spatial distribution of meteoric flushing water and pre-Holocene waters may be complex, with the possibility of relatively fresh water in fracture zones below salty units even at depths of a few kilometers. The domination of the topographic driving force implies that deep saline water is not necessarily stagnant, and significant flow may be expected to occur in well-connected horizons even at depth. Local topography variation and fracture zone location combine to create a complex flow field in which local topographic driving forces extend to considerable depth in some areas, whereas regional topographic forces predominate in others. Thus, a pattern may be difficult to discern in measurements of the regional salinity distribution, although it is clear that the coastal region is the major zone of discharge for deeper pre-Holocene fluids. During the land-rise period, the regional flow field equilibrates with changing climatic conditions and coastal positions, while the distribution of flushing water and older water lags and will perpetually change between successive glaciations. These characteristics have direct implications for the safety of nuclear water repositories located at depth in Baltic Shield rocks.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00873.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., and Andersson, J., 1993, Regional flow in the Baltic Shield during Holocene coastal regression: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 6, p. 989-1006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00873.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1006","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4d3e4b0e8fec6cdbc90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersson, Johan","contributorId":32317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017925,"text":"70017925 - 1993 - The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:16:57","indexId":"70017925","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis","docAbstract":"Geographical research requires the management and analysis of spatial data at multiple scales. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's global change research program a software system has been developed that reads raster data (such as an image or digital elevation model) and produces a pyramid of aggregated lattices as well as various measurements of spatial complexity. For a given raster dataset the system uses the pyramid to report: (1) mean, (2) variance, (3) a spatial autocorrelation parameter based on multiscale analysis of variance, and (4) a monofractal scaling parameter based on the analysis of isoline lengths. The system is applied to 1-km digital elevation model (DEM) data for a 256-km2 region of central California, as well as to 64 partitions of the region. PYRAMID, which offers robust descriptions of data complexity, also is used to describe the behavior of topographic aspect with scale. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., and Montagne, N., 1993, The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis: Computers & Geosciences, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1393-1404, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266165,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C"},{"id":228591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baee1e4b08c986b3243d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Cola, L.","contributorId":50297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cola","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montagne, N.","contributorId":47246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montagne","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175358,"text":"70175358 - 1993 - Vegetation establishment and channel narrowing along a Great Plains stream following a catastrophic flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:25:27","indexId":"70175358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Vegetation establishment and channel narrowing along a Great Plains stream following a catastrophic flood","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado, Boulder","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J., 1993, Vegetation establishment and channel narrowing along a Great Plains stream following a catastrophic flood.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8e0e4b0ebae89b78aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, J.M.","contributorId":88671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175359,"text":"70175359 - 1993 - Reproduction of an exotic riparian tree willow, Salix fragilis (L.), in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:32:15","indexId":"70175359","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reproduction of an exotic riparian tree willow, Salix fragilis (L.), in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, South Central Chapter","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Scott, M.L., Friedman, J.M., and Laven, R., 1993, Reproduction of an exotic riparian tree willow, Salix fragilis (L.), in Colorado, <i>in</i> Wetlands: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, LA, p. 718-723.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"723","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8d4e4b0ebae89b789f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Landin, M. C.","contributorId":173494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landin","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644879,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":78261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laven, R. D.","contributorId":173493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laven","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186940,"text":"70186940 - 1993 - Pressure increases, the for­mation of chromite seams, and the development of the ultramafic series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:24:00","indexId":"70186940","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure increases, the for­mation of chromite seams, and the development of the ultramafic series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in the Stillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increases in total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased because of the positive δ<i>V</i> of nucleation of CO<sub>2</sub> bubbles in the melt and their subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during which the bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. By analogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers of Kilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0⋅2–0⋅25 kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwater chamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining and mixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber with the somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is based upon calculations using observed and inferred velocities and flow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures. The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed, rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing of the new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromite crystallizing alone did not take place.</p><p>Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber, however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent ˜5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature, and density approached those of the overlying liquid in the chamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurred many times over the course of the development of the Ultramafic series, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquidus would have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections, fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magma could have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzite cumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/34.5.955","usgsCitation":"Lipin, B.R., 1993, Pressure increases, the for­mation of chromite seams, and the development of the ultramafic series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: Journal of Petrology, v. 34, no. 5, p. 955-976, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/34.5.955.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"955","endPage":"976","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cde4b08144348b7e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipin, Bruce R. blipin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipin","given":"Bruce","email":"blipin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186938,"text":"70186938 - 1993 - Early and Late Cretaceous vol­ canism and reef-building in the Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T14:53:22","indexId":"70186938","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Early and Late Cretaceous vol­ canism and reef-building in the Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, tectonics, and volcanism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM077p0279","usgsCitation":"Lincoln, J.M., Pringle, M.S., and Silva, I.P., 1993, Early and Late Cretaceous vol­ canism and reef-building in the Marshall Islands, chap. <i>of</i> The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, tectonics, and volcanism, p. 279-305, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM077p0279.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"279","endPage":"305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cee4b08144348b7e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lincoln, J. M.","contributorId":52195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lincoln","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, M. S.","contributorId":107712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, Isabella Premolia","contributorId":190388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Isabella","email":"","middleInitial":"Premolia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017991,"text":"70017991 - 1993 - Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:04:33","indexId":"70017991","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","docAbstract":"A time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical modeling study of the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Code Bays, motivated by construction of a new sewage treatment plant and ocean outfall for the city of Boston, has been undertaken by the authors. The numerical model being used is a hybrid version of the Blumberg and Mellor ECOM3D model, modified to include a semi-implicit time-stepping scheme and transport of a non-reactive dissolved constituent. Tides in the bays are dominated by the semi-diurnal frequencies, in particular by the M2 tide, due to the resonance of these frequencies in the Gulf of Maine. The numerical model reproduces, well, measured tidal ellipses in unstratified wintertime conditions. Stratified conditions present more of a problem because tidal-frequency internal wave generation and propagation significantly complicates the structure of the resulting tidal field. Nonetheless, the numerical model reproduces qualitative aspects of the stratified tidal flow that are consistent with observations in the bays.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 25-30, 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Jenter, H., Signell, R.P., and Blumberg, A., 1993, Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, July 25-30, 1993, p. 2323-2332.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2323","endPage":"2332","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.894775390625,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.949951171875,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.949951171875,\n              42.68647341541784\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.894775390625,\n              42.68647341541784\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.894775390625,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c53e4b0c8380cd6fbd8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, A.F.","contributorId":44684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017939,"text":"70017939 - 1993 - An algal carbon budget for pelagic-benthic coupling in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T13:29:12","indexId":"70017939","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An algal carbon budget for pelagic-benthic coupling in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Assimilation and respiration rates of Diporeia sp., an abundant benthic amphipod, and of sediment microheterotrophs were measured in a microcosm study. Release of radioisotope in the form of dissolved organic compounds was much lower than that incorporated and respired for both Diporeia and sediment bacteria. Of the 61 mmol C m-2 of algal C estimated to be deposited during the spring bloom. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, S., and Gardner, W., 1993, An algal carbon budget for pelagic-benthic coupling in Lake Michigan: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 38, no. 3, p. 547-560.","startPage":"547","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267936,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_38/issue_3/0547.pdf"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e9e4b0c8380cd4850d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.A.","contributorId":94348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, W.S.","contributorId":46910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017959,"text":"70017959 - 1993 - Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:45:47","indexId":"70017959","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides","docAbstract":"A study of the Mississippi River and its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992 has indicated that the entire navigable reach of the river is contaminated with a complex mixture of agrochemicals and their transformation products derived from nonpoint sources. Twenty-three compounds were identified, including triazine, chloroacetanilide, thiocarbamate, phenylurea, pyridazine, and organophosphorus pesticides. The upper and middle Mississippi River Basin farm lands are major sources of herbicides applied to corn, soybeans, and sorghum. Farm lands in the lower Mississippi River Basin are a major source of rice and cotton herbicides. Inputs of the five major herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and simazine to the Mississippi River are mainly from the Minnesota, Des Moines, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Ratios of desethylatrazine/atrazine potentially are useful indicators of groundwater and surface water interactions in the Mississippi River. These ratios suggested that during baseflow conditions, there is a significant groundwater contribution to the river. The Mississippi River thus serves as a drainage channel for pesticide-contaminated surface and groundwater from the midwestern United States. Conservative estimates of annual mass transport indicated that about 160 t of atrazine, 71 t of cyanazine, 56 t of metolachlor, and 18 t of alachlor were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico in 1991.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00045a008","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., and Hostettler, F., 1993, Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1542-1552, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a008.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1542","endPage":"1552","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67a4e4b0c8380cd73413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017937,"text":"70017937 - 1993 - Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria in gas-solid-liquid systems: Calculation methods, thermochemical data, and applications to studies of high-temperature volcanic gases with examples from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T17:59:27.265549","indexId":"70017937","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria in gas-solid-liquid systems: Calculation methods, thermochemical data, and applications to studies of high-temperature volcanic gases with examples from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.293.8.758","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R.B., and Reed, M.H., 1993, Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria in gas-solid-liquid systems: Calculation methods, thermochemical data, and applications to studies of high-temperature volcanic gases with examples from Mount St. Helens: American Journal of Science, v. 293, no. 8, p. 758-864, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.8.758.","productDescription":"107 p.","startPage":"758","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.8.758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.3343224768353,\n              46.29782819146857\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3343224768353,\n              46.121752902500106\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05491726605149,\n              46.121752902500106\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05491726605149,\n              46.29782819146857\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3343224768353,\n              46.29782819146857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"293","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f304e4b0c8380cd4b556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, Robert B.","contributorId":70432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Mark H.","contributorId":139519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":377959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017902,"text":"70017902 - 1993 - Borehole techniques identifying subsurface chimney heights in loose ground-some experiences above underground nuclear explosions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:13:42","indexId":"70017902","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole techniques identifying subsurface chimney heights in loose ground-some experiences above underground nuclear explosions","docAbstract":"The location of the subsurface top of the chimney formed by the collapse of the cavity resulting from an underground nuclear explosion is examined at five sites at the Nevada Test Site. The chimneys were investigated by drilling, coring, geophysical logging (density, gamma-ray, caliper), and seismic velocity surveys. The identification of the top of the chimney can be complicated by chimney termination in friable volcanic rock of relatively high porosity. The presence of an apical void in three of the five cases is confirmed as the chimney horizon by coincidence with anomalies observed in coring, caliper and gamma-ray logging (two cases), seismic velocity, and drilling. In the two cases where an apical void is not present, several of these techniques yield anomalies at identical horizons, however, the exact depth of chimney penetration is subject to some degree of uncertainty. This is due chiefly to the extent to which core recovery and seismic velocity may be affected by perturbations in the tuff above the chimney due to the explosion and collapse. The data suggest, however, that the depth uncertainty may be only of the order of 10 m if several indicators are available. Of all indicators, core recovery and seismic velocity indicate anomalous horizons in every case. Because radiation products associated with the explosion are contained within the immediate vicinity of the cavity, gamma-ray logs are generally not diagnostic of chimney penetration. In no case is the denisty log indicative of the presence of the chimney. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)91218-8","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., and Lacomb, J., 1993, Borehole techniques identifying subsurface chimney heights in loose ground-some experiences above underground nuclear explosions: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 6, p. 575-590, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)91218-8.","productDescription":"p.575-590","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265939,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)91218-8"},{"id":229047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f21ce4b0c8380cd4aff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacomb, J.W.","contributorId":52737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacomb","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017989,"text":"70017989 - 1993 - Thortveitite and associated Sc-bearing minerals from Ravalli County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017989","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thortveitite and associated Sc-bearing minerals from Ravalli County, Montana","docAbstract":"The rare Sc mineral thortveitite, (Sc,Y)2Si2O7, occurs as ??m- to mm-sized crystals in fluorite-bearing granitic pegmatites and the host melagabbro within the Crystal Mountain fluorite deposit, Ravalli County, Montana. Thortveitite is found as colorless and clear to smoky and translucent, subhedral to euhedral prisms up to 3 mm in length in the massive fluroite, as mm-sized anhedra to subhedra in diopside and edenite, and as ??m-sized droplet-like crystals in actinolite. Micrometric textures suggest that some thortveitite exsolved from actinolite, which contains between 1.2 and 2.9 wt.% Sc2O3. The source of the Sc is believed to be magmatic. The physical, optical and crystallographic properties of thortveitite are described. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., Birmingham, S., Demartin, F., Pilati, T., Gramaccioli, C., and Lichte, F., 1993, Thortveitite and associated Sc-bearing minerals from Ravalli County, Montana: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 31, no. 2, p. 337-346.","startPage":"337","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2ebe4b08c986b325aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birmingham, S.D.","contributorId":82723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birmingham","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demartin, F.","contributorId":55984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demartin","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilati, T.","contributorId":74895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilati","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gramaccioli, C.M.","contributorId":77682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gramaccioli","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017944,"text":"70017944 - 1993 - Petrology and U-Pb geochronology of buried Avalonian plutonic rocks on southeastern Cape Cod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T12:44:54","indexId":"70017944","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":918,"text":"Atlantic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and U-Pb geochronology of buried Avalonian plutonic rocks on southeastern Cape Cod","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plutonic rocks have been intersected by two separate drill holes on southeastern Cape Cod. Hole CC2 is located at Chatham Harbor about 7 km south of the Nauset anomaly, an east-northeast-trending magnetic lineament that was considered to separate the distinct plutonic zones of Avalon terrane. This drill hole intersected weakly foliated, fairly homogeneous biotite granite. Zircons from this granite give a U-Pb age of 584+9/-8 Ma. Hole CC1 is located near North Eastham, about 12 km north of the Nauset anomaly. The drill core intersected foliated, sheared, biotite granodiorite and biotite-hornblende-clinopyroxene-quartz gabbro, metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The deformed and altered state of these rocks, as well as their geochemistry, suggest that their origin and possibly their ages are distinct from the granite in hole CC2. No datable zircons were obtained from rocks in CC1. The age of 584 Ma for the CC2 granite sample is within the range of published ages for plutonic rocks of the Avalon terrane and confirms the suggestion of Hutchinson et al. (1988) that the southern plutonic zone is a part of the Avalon terrane. The data also indicate that the Nauset anomaly is not the Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary in this area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Atlantic Geoscience Society","doi":"10.4138/1993","issn":"08435561","usgsCitation":"Leo, G.W., Mortensen, J., Barreiro, B., and Phillips, J., 1993, Petrology and U-Pb geochronology of buried Avalonian plutonic rocks on southeastern Cape Cod: Atlantic Geology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 103-113, https://doi.org/10.4138/1993.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4138/1993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.9991455078125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.63134765625,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.63134765625,\n              42.114523952464246\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.9991455078125,\n              42.114523952464246\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.9991455078125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7816e4b0c8380cd78624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leo, G. W.","contributorId":102899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mortensen, J.K.","contributorId":16597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barreiro, B.","contributorId":42379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barreiro","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017971,"text":"70017971 - 1993 - Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-III. Biogeochemical reactions and mass balance modeling in anoxic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:15:27.616185","indexId":"70017971","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-III. Biogeochemical reactions and mass balance modeling in anoxic groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>Crude oil floating on the water table in a sand and gravel aquifer provides a constant source of hydrocarbons to the groundwater at a site near Bemidji, Minnesota. The degradation of hydrocarbons affects the concentrations of oxidized and reduced aqueous species in the anoxic part of the contaminant plume that developed downgradient from the oil body. The concentrations of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and CH<sub>4</sub>, Eh measurements, and the δ<sup>13</sup>C ratios of the total inorganic C indicate that the plume became more reducing ver a 5-a period. However, the size of the contaminant plume remained stable during this time. Field data coupled with laboratory microcosm experiments indicate that benzene and the alkylbenzenes are degraded in an anoxic environment. In anaerobic microcosm experiments conducted under field conditions, almost complete degradation (98%) was observed for benzene in 125 d and for toluene in 45 d. Concentrations of aqueous Fe<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Mn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>increased in these experiments, indicating that the primary reactions were hydrocarbon degradation coupled with Fe and Mn reduction.</p><p>Mass transfer calculations on a 40-m flowpath in the anoxic zone, downgradient from the oil body, indicated that the primary reactions in the anoxic zone are oxidation of organic compounds, precipitation of siderite and a ferroan calcite, dissolution of iron oxide and outgassing of CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and CO<sub>2</sub>. The major difference in the two models presented is the ratio of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>that outgasses. Both models indicate quantitatively that large amounts of Fe are dissolved and reprecipitated as ferrous iron in the anoxic zone of the contaminant plume.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(93)90014-8","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M., Cozzarelli, I., Eganhouse, R., Siegel, D.I., and Bennett, P., 1993, Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-III. Biogeochemical reactions and mass balance modeling in anoxic groundwater: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 6, p. 569-586, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90014-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.12365173784971,\n              47.6055408406861\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.12365173784971,\n              47.33831109426646\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67340349627607,\n              47.33831109426646\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67340349627607,\n              47.6055408406861\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.12365173784971,\n              47.6055408406861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fccae4b0c8380cd4e43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017926,"text":"70017926 - 1993 - Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:18:55.36573","indexId":"70017926","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>The possible impact of periglacial climates on the rate of chemical weathering of a coarse-grained plagioclase-muscovite-quartz schist has been determined for a small watershed near Baltimore, Maryland. The isovolumetric chemical weathering model formulated from the geochemical mass balance study of the watershed shows that the weathering front advances at a velocity of 9.1 m/m.y., if the modern environmental parameters remain the same back through time. However, recent surficial geological mapping demonstrates that periglacial climates have impacted the area. Such an impact significantly affects two key chemical weathering parameters, the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the soil and groundwater moving past the weathering front. Depending upon the assumptions used in the model, the rate of saprolitization varies from 2.2 to 5.3 m/m.y.</p><p>The possible impact of periglacial processes suggested by the chemical weathering rates indicates a need to reconsider theories of landscape evolution as they apply to the northern Piedmont Province of the mid-Atlantic states. I suggest that from the Late Miocene to the present that the major rivers have become incised in their present locations; this incision has enhanced groundwater circulation and chemical weathering such that crystalline rocks beneath interfluvial areas remain mantled by saprolite; and the saprolite mantle has been partially stripped as periglacial conditions alternate with humid-temperate conditions.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(93)90037-3","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 1993, Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states: Geomorphology, v. 8, no. 2-3, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(93)90037-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f666e4b0c8380cd4c73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017900,"text":"70017900 - 1993 - Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T18:52:15","indexId":"70017900","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf","docAbstract":"This paper describes the general procedures used to select sites for obsolete oil and gas platforms as artificial reefs on the Louisiana outer continental shelf (OCS). The methods employed incorporate six basic steps designed to resolve multiple-use conflicts that might otherwise arise with daily industry and commercial fishery operations, and to identify and assess both geological and technological constraints that could affect placement of the structures. These steps include: (1) exclusion mapping; (2) establishment of artificial reef planning areas; (3) database compilation; (4) assessment and interpretation of database; (5) mapping of geological and man-made features within each proposed reef site; and (6) site selection. Nautical charts, bathymetric maps, and offshore oil and gas maps were used for exclusion mapping, and to select nine regional planning areas. Pipeline maps were acquired from federal agencies and private industry to determine their general locations within each planning area, and to establish exclusion fairways along each pipeline route. Approximately 1600 line kilometers of high-resolution geophysical data collected by federal agencies and private industry was acquired for the nine planning areas. These data were interpreted to determine the nature and extent of near-surface geologic features that could affect placement of the structures. Seismic reflection patterns were also characterized to evaluate near-bottom sedimentation processes in the vicinity of each reef site. Geotechnical borings were used to determine the lithological and physical properties of the sediment, and for correlation with the geophysical data. Since 1987, five sites containing 10 obsolete production platforms have been selected on the Louisiana OCS using these procedures. Industry participants have realized a total savings of approximately US $1 500 000 in salvaging costs by converting these structures into artificial reefs. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean and Coastal Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4","issn":"09645691","usgsCitation":"Pope, D., Moslow, T., and Wagner, J., 1993, Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf: Ocean and Coastal Management, v. 20, no. 2, p. 121-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4.","startPage":"121","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269478,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2257e4b0c8380cd56f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, D.L.","contributorId":45962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moslow, T.F.","contributorId":27747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moslow","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, J.B.","contributorId":20214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017948,"text":"70017948 - 1993 - Courant number and unsteady flow computation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017948","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Courant number and unsteady flow computation","docAbstract":"The Courant number C, the key to unsteady flow computation, is a ratio of physical wave velocity, ??, to computational signal-transmission velocity, ??, i.e., C = ??/??. In this way, it uniquely relates a physical quantity to a mathematical quantity. Because most unsteady open-channel flows are describable by a set of n characteristic equations along n characteristic paths, each represented by velocity ??i, i = 1,2,....,n, there exist as many as n components for the numerator of C. To develop a numerical model, a numerical integration must be made on each characteristic curve from an earlier point to a later point on the curve. Different numerical methods are available in unsteady flow computation due to the different paths along which the numerical integration is actually performed. For the denominator of C, the ?? defined as ?? = ?? 0 = ??x/??t has been customarily used; thus, the Courant number has the familiar form of C?? = ??/??0. This form will be referred to as ???common Courant number??? in this paper. The commonly used numerical criteria C?? for stability, neutral stability and instability, are imprecise or not universal in the sense that r0 does not always reflect the true maximum computational data-transmission speed of the scheme at hand, i.e., Ctau is no indication for the Courant constraint. In view of this , a new Courant number, called the ???natural Courant number???, Cn, that truly reflects the Courant constraint, has been defined. However, considering the numerous advantages inherent in the traditional C??, a useful and meaningful composite Courant number, denoted by C??* has been formulated from C??. It is hoped that the new aspects of the Courant number discussed herein afford the hydraulician a broader perspective, consistent criteria, and unified guidelines, with which to model various unsteady flows.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., 1993, Courant number and unsteady flow computation, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2196-2201.","startPage":"2196","endPage":"2201","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8ee4b0c8380cd4e2fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536399,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017912,"text":"70017912 - 1993 - Instrumental shaking thresholds for seismically induced landslides and preliminary report on landslides triggered by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017912","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1766,"text":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental shaking thresholds for seismically induced landslides and preliminary report on landslides triggered by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California earthquake","docAbstract":"The generation of seismically induced landslide depends on the characteristics of shaking as well as mechanical properties of geologic materials. A very important parameter in the study of seismically induced landslide is the intensity based on a strong-motion accelerogram: it is defined as Arias intensity and is proportional to the duration of the shaking record as well as the amplitude. Having a theoretical relationship between Arias intensity, magnitude and distance it is possible to predict how far away from the seismic source landslides are likely to occur for a given magnitude earthquake. Field investigations have established that the threshold level of Arias intensity depends also on site effects, particularly the fracture characteristics of the outcrops present. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03919838","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., 1993, Instrumental shaking thresholds for seismically induced landslides and preliminary report on landslides triggered by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California earthquake: Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, v. 16, no. 1, p. 13-15.","startPage":"13","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c47e4b0c8380cd62bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017983,"text":"70017983 - 1993 - Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017983","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1766,"text":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Reduction Program includes studies of landslide process and prediction, landslide susceptibility and risk mapping, landslide recurrence and slope evolution, and research application and technology transfer. Studies of landslide processes have been recently conducted in Virginia, Utah, California, Alaska, and Hawaii, Landslide susceptibility maps provide a very important tool for landslide hazard reduction. The effects of engineering-geologic characteristics of rocks, seismic activity, short and long-term climatic change on landslide recurrence are under study. Detailed measurement of movement and deformation has begun on some active landslides. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03919838","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., 1993, Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program: Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, v. 16, no. 1, p. 21-25.","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01bbe4b0c8380cd4fd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017982,"text":"70017982 - 1993 - Taming a wild geothermal research well in yellowstone national park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017982","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Taming a wild geothermal research well in yellowstone national park","docAbstract":"In November 1992 the valve at the top of a U.S. Geological Survey drill hole in Yellowstone National Park parted from the casting as a result of corrosion. This allowed uncontrolled venting of boiling water and steam from the well at an estimated liquid flow rate of about 25-50 gallons per minute. A flow diverter assembly was designed, fabricated and installed on the well within 16 days, which allowed drill rods to be safely stripped into the well through on annular Blow-Out Preventer. Once this was accomplished it was a relatively routine matter to set a packer in the casting and cement the well shut permanently. The drill hole was brought under control and cemented shut within 18 days of the wellhead failure at a total cost of $47,066, which was about $5,000 less than anticipated.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R.O., Pisto, L.M., Howell, B.B., and Hutchnson, R.A., 1993, Taming a wild geothermal research well in yellowstone national park, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 33-36.","startPage":"33","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3cbe4b08c986b31fed2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536407,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pisto, Larry M.","contributorId":70134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisto","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, Bruce B.","contributorId":32699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchnson, Roderick A.","contributorId":88109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchnson","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018397,"text":"70018397 - 1993 - Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018397","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","docAbstract":"Ease of data access and data standards are two issues critical to the success of GIS technology when applied to earthquake hazards research problems that require geotechnical engineering and related data. Efforts to reduce data accession costs and to streamline the data exchange process will result in short-term cost and time saving and will add long-term value to the data sets themselves. Such efforts might include centralized data centers, standardized data base designs and formats, cooperative efforts to fill data gaps, and standardized distribution methods and media.","largerWorkTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering; Proceedings of a Workshop","conferenceDate":"29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629732","usgsCitation":"Tarr, A.C., 1993, Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards, <i>in</i> Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993, p. 104-107.","startPage":"104","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ae4b0c8380cd473ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000821,"text":"1000821 - 1993 - Gamete ripening and hormonal correlates in three strains of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:51:12","indexId":"1000821","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gamete ripening and hormonal correlates in three strains of lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>In our 2-year laboratory study of hatchery-reared adult lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;of the Seneca Lake, Marquette (Lake Superior Lean), and Jenny Lake strains, we compared gamete ripening times and changes in plasma concentrations of seven hormones. If interstrain differences in these traits were found, such differences might help explain the apparent failure of stocked fish of these strains to develop large, naturally reproducing populations in the Great Lakes. The complex temporal changes in plasma hormone levels that occur during sexual maturation in lake trout have not been previously described. We detected little evidence of temporal isolation that would prevent interbreeding among the three strains. Strain had no effect on ovulation date (OD) in either year. Strain did not affect spermiation onset date (SOD) in year 1 but did in year 2, when the mean SOD of Jenny Lake males was earlier than that of Seneca Lake males but not different from that of Marquette males. Hormonal data were normalized around ODs for individual females and SODs for individual males. In females, estradiol-17&beta; (E2) was highest 8 weeks before the OD; the highest testosterone (T) level occurred 6 weeks before the OD, and the next highest level occurred simultaneously with the highest level of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) 2 weeks before the OD. Plasma levels of 17&prop;-hydroxy-20&beta;-dihydroprogesterone (DHP) peaked 1 week before the OD, then abruptly declined immediately after. Cortisol (F), triiodothyronine (T</span><sub>3</sub><span>), and thyroxine (T</span><sub>4</sub><span>) were highly variable, but F was the only hormone that showed no trend with week in either year. In males, plasma E2 levels were highest 3 weeks before the SOD, highest levels of T and of 11-KT occurred simultaneously 2 weeks after the SOD, and DHP peaked 5 weeks after the SOD and 3 weeks after the highest levels of T and 11-KT. As in females, plasma levels of F, T</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and T</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;were highly variable, and F was the only hormone that showed no trend with week in either year. Strain had no effect on any hormones in females and only on T and F in males. The lack of pronounced interstrain differences in gamete ripening dates and reproductive endocrinology and the similarity of the temporal patterns and relative concentrations of hormones to those reported for other salmonids suggest nothing unusual or dysfunctional about these reproductive traits that would impede lake trout rehabilitation in the Great Lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0252:GRAHCI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Foster, N., O’Connor, D., and Schreck, C., 1993, Gamete ripening and hormonal correlates in three strains of lake trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 2, p. 252-267, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0252:GRAHCI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, N.R.","contributorId":15135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, D.V.","contributorId":14336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}