{"pageNumber":"4148","pageRowStart":"103675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70018397,"text":"70018397 - 1993 - Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018397","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","docAbstract":"Ease of data access and data standards are two issues critical to the success of GIS technology when applied to earthquake hazards research problems that require geotechnical engineering and related data. Efforts to reduce data accession costs and to streamline the data exchange process will result in short-term cost and time saving and will add long-term value to the data sets themselves. Such efforts might include centralized data centers, standardized data base designs and formats, cooperative efforts to fill data gaps, and standardized distribution methods and media.","largerWorkTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering; Proceedings of a Workshop","conferenceDate":"29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629732","usgsCitation":"Tarr, A.C., 1993, Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards, <i>in</i> Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993, p. 104-107.","startPage":"104","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ae4b0c8380cd473ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017968,"text":"70017968 - 1993 - Spatial variability of triazine herbicides in the Lower Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:52:24","indexId":"70017968","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability of triazine herbicides in the Lower Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00047a018","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Spatial variability of triazine herbicides in the Lower Mississippi River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2120-2126, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a018.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2120","endPage":"2126","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b5e4b08c986b31ac02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017349,"text":"70017349 - 1993 - Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:36:34.484578","indexId":"70017349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-4, p. 61-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbce4b0c8380cd49995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186473,"text":"70186473 - 1993 - 300-Year cyclicity in organic matter preservation in Antarctic fjord sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T14:45:36.965926","indexId":"70186473","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"300-Year cyclicity in organic matter preservation in Antarctic fjord sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspective on global change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Domack, E., Mashiotta, T., Burkley, L., and Ishman, S., 1993, 300-Year cyclicity in organic matter preservation in Antarctic fjord sediments, chap. <i>of</i> The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspective on global change, p. 265-272.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118668061.ch13"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b5e4b09da6799977c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domack, E.W.","contributorId":19626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domack","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mashiotta, T.A.","contributorId":190490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mashiotta","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkley, L.A.","contributorId":190491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burkley","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishman, S. E.","contributorId":20346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017804,"text":"70017804 - 1993 - Late Mississippian productoid brachiopods Inflatia, Keokukia, and Adairia, Ozark region of Oklahoma and Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T11:16:50.147627","indexId":"70017804","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Mississippian productoid brachiopods Inflatia, Keokukia, and Adairia, Ozark region of Oklahoma and Arkansas","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Specimens of the Late Mississippian productoid genera<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inflatia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Keokukia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>from northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas, collected from the Boone and “Moorefield” Formations, Hindsville Limestone, and Fayetteville Shale, display morphologic similarities and differences that delineate species and determine their biostratigraphic ranges. Generic assignments are based primarily on internal characters. Systematic descriptions include seven species of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inflatia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Muir-Wood and Cooper:<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Productus inflatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>McChesney (the type species),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">P. cherokeensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Drake,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">P. clydensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Girty (figured herein for the first time and for which a lectotype is designated), four new species of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inflatia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">I. cooperi, I. gracilis, I. pusilla</span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span>?<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">succincta</span>), and one species of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Keokukia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(the type species for the genus,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">K. sulcata</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Carter). Also proposed and described is a new genus,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Adairia</span>, with its type species<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Productus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">Marginifera</span>)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">adairensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Drake. All these species of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inflatia, Keokukia</span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Adairia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>have biostratigraphically restricted ranges within the Meramecian and Chesterian sequence in the Ozark region.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontology Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000062132","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Gordon, M., Henry, T.W., and Treworgy, J., 1993, Late Mississippian productoid brachiopods Inflatia, Keokukia, and Adairia, Ozark region of Oklahoma and Arkansas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, no. 3 Suppl. 2, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000062132.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3 Suppl. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f6e4b0c8380cd66f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, M. Jr.","contributorId":34260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, T. W.","contributorId":81904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Treworgy, J.D.","contributorId":39145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treworgy","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014605,"text":"1014605 - 1993 - Effect of vitamin E on the immune response of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T23:56:13.99828","indexId":"1014605","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of vitamin E on the immune response of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Three-month-old fingerling channel catfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were fed purified diets supplemented with ∝-tocopherol acetate to provide 0, 60, and 2,500 mg vitamin E/kg for 180 d. A 30-s immersion bath and an oral booster were used to deliver a bacterin of formalin-killed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to half of the fish from each dietary treatment. Resistance of red blood cells to peroxidation was used as an index of antioxidant status. The susceptibility of red blood cells to oxidative hemolysis decreased with increasing levels of dietary vitamin E. Vaccinated and nonvaccinated fish were evaluated for agglutinating antibody titers and macrophage activity. Humoral antibody titers in response to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in vaccinated fish than in nonvaccinated fish; however, no such differences in agglutinating antibody titers were detected among any of the dietary treatment groups. Both vaccination and vitamin E significantly enhanced the ability of macrophages to phagocytize virulent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. ictaluri</i>. Results of this study indicate that elevated levels of dietary vitamin E may affect the ability of channel catfish to respond immunologically to bacterial pathogens.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0183:EOVEOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wise, D., Tomasso, J., Schwedler, T., Blazer, V., and Gatlin, D., 1993, Effect of vitamin E on the immune response of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 5, no. 3, p. 183-188, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0183:EOVEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wise, D.J.","contributorId":60999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomasso, J.R.","contributorId":49745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasso","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwedler, T.E.","contributorId":88318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwedler","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gatlin, D.M.I.","contributorId":54560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatlin","given":"D.M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1004099,"text":"1004099 - 1993 - Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report April 1993- June 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-28T11:09:12","indexId":"1004099","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report April 1993- June 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kidd, G., 1993, Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report April 1993- June 1993: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 4, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aabc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, G.","contributorId":91440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014617,"text":"1014617 - 1993 - Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with a bacterin enhance the non-specific defence mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T16:54:20.309445","indexId":"1014617","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with a bacterin enhance the non-specific defence mechanisms in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","title":"Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with a bacterin enhance the non-specific defence mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Elevations in the non-specific defence mechanisms were noted after trout were injected or bathed in glucan solutions or in solutions containing the glucan combined with a bacterin,&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>&nbsp;O-antigen. Periodic non-lethal blood samples showed that neutrophil activity as evaluated by the ability of the cells to stick to glass and produce oxidative radicals as detected by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, rose after treatments within 2 days. Elevated phagocytosis, assessed by increased uptake of glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red blood cells, also confirmed these kinetics. The numbers of circulatory glass-adherent cells from fish given the glucans by injection or bath was twice the level of the sham-treated controls; likewise the phagocytic ratio also was two-fold higher. In following the kinetics of the non-specific defensive responses, the injection of the glucan caused an immediate, slight reduction of NBT staining cells and numbers of leukocytes before the 2–3 day rise; this was not obvious in the fish given the glucan by bath. The glucans could play an important role in the prevention of diseases in fish culture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(93)90416-V","usgsCitation":"Jeney, G., and Anderson, D.P., 1993, Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with a bacterin enhance the non-specific defence mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 116, no. 4, p. 315-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90416-V.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeney, G.","contributorId":89834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeney","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Douglas P.","contributorId":70696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014616,"text":"1014616 - 1993 - Enhanced immune response and protection rainbow trout to Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin following prior immersion immunostimulants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T14:52:56.149888","indexId":"1014616","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced immune response and protection rainbow trout to Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin following prior immersion immunostimulants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bathing rainbow trout for 30 min in immunostimulant solutions before a 2 min bath in&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;O antigen bacterin elevated both the nonspecific defence mechanisms and the specific immune response. Levamisole, a known T lymphocyte stimulator in mammals; QAC, a quaternary ammonium compound, and ISK a short-chain polypeptide, heightened the neutrophil oxidative activity as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium assay and increased the phagocytic uptake of glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep red blood cells. The heightened activity of the specific immune response was monitored by counting numbers of plaque-forming cells, and by demonstrating elevated circulatory antibody titres. Protection levels against the virulent pathogen were also increased when the fish were challenged 14 days later. Giving an immunostimulatory bath before the antigen bath is a relatively easy method of increasing efficacy and potency of immunogens for the prevention of diseases in fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/fsim.1993.1005","usgsCitation":"Jeney, G., and Anderson, D.P., 1993, Enhanced immune response and protection rainbow trout to Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin following prior immersion immunostimulants: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 3, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1993.1005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6676d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeney, G.","contributorId":89834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeney","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Douglas P.","contributorId":70696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014604,"text":"1014604 - 1993 - Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T23:58:33.356916","indexId":"1014604","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in channel catfish","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Fingerling channel catfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were fed purified diets either unsupplemented and deficient in both selenium and vitamin E, deficient in either selenium or vitamin E, adequate in both selenium (0.2 mg/kg) and vitamin E (60 mg/kg), or excessive in both nutrients (four times the recommended levels). After 115–120 d of feeding the experimental diets, the red blood cell membranes offish fed diets deficient in vitamin E were more susceptible to peroxidation than were those of fish fed diets that met or exceeded vitamin E recommendations. Hepatic, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was suppressed in fish fed diets deficient in selenium when compared with this enzyme activity in fish fed diets containing recommended or higher levels of selenium. Intracellular superoxide anion production of macrophages was higher in fish fed the diet fortified with four times the recommended levels of both nutrients than in fish fed the other diets. None of the results indicated that selenium and vitamin E were complementing each other or that one nutrient was compensating for a deficiency of the other. The results of this study support the presently recommended levels of selenium and vitamin E for channel catfish diets and indicate that higher-than-recommended levels of one or both nutrients may enhance macrophage function.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0177:EODSAV>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wise, D., Tomasso, J., Gatlin, D., Bai, S., and Blazer, V., 1993, Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in channel catfish: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 5, no. 3, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0177:EODSAV>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wise, D.J.","contributorId":60999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomasso, J.R.","contributorId":49745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasso","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gatlin, D.M.I.","contributorId":54560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatlin","given":"D.M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bai, S.C.","contributorId":48515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017441,"text":"70017441 - 1993 - Three dimensional images of geothermal systems: local earthquake P-wave velocity tomography at the Hengill and Krafla geothermal areas, Iceland, and The Geysers, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017441","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three dimensional images of geothermal systems: local earthquake P-wave velocity tomography at the Hengill and Krafla geothermal areas, Iceland, and The Geysers, California","docAbstract":"Local earthquake tomography - the use of earthquake signals to form a 3-dimensional structural image - is now a mature geophysical analysis method, particularly suited to the study of geothermal reservoirs, which are often seismically active and severely laterally inhomogeneous. Studies have been conducted of the Hengill (Iceland), Krafla (Iceland) and The Geysers (California) geothermal areas. All three systems are exploited for electricity and/or heat production, and all are highly seismically active. Tomographic studies of volumes a few km in dimension were conducted for each area using the method of Thurber (1983).","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., Prisk, A., Foulger, G., and Evans, J., 1993, Three dimensional images of geothermal systems: local earthquake P-wave velocity tomography at the Hengill and Krafla geothermal areas, Iceland, and The Geysers, California, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 113-121.","startPage":"113","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb30ae4b08c986b325b44","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536365,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prisk, A.","contributorId":16598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prisk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017802,"text":"70017802 - 1993 - Exceptionally well-preserved early Oligocene diatoms from glacial sediments of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70017802","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exceptionally well-preserved early Oligocene diatoms from glacial sediments of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica","docAbstract":"An exceptionally well-preserved early Oligocene diatom assemblage is documented and illustrated from the internal sediment of a gastropod shell, which was collected from glacial sedments recovered at ODP Site 739, Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The diatoms were deposited between 35.9 and 34.8 Ma according to diatom and calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy, apparently soon after a period of major ice sheet advance across the Prydz Bay continental shelf. The diatom assemblage is neritic in character, but it can readily be correlated with open ocean assemblages from the Southern Ocean as well as with similar material recovered from the CIROS-1 drillhole in the Ross Sea. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., and Mahood, A., 1993, Exceptionally well-preserved early Oligocene diatoms from glacial sediments of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: Micropaleontology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 29-45.","startPage":"29","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da5e4b0c8380cd5310d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahood, A.D.","contributorId":55960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017508,"text":"70017508 - 1993 - Three zones for illite formation during burial diagenesis and metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:21:17","indexId":"70017508","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three zones for illite formation during burial diagenesis and metamorphism","docAbstract":"<p>Reinterpretation of published data for shale cuttings from the Gulf of Mexico sedimentary basin identifies three reaction zones for illite formation with increasing depth for well CWRU6. In a shallow zone (1.85 to 3 km), non-expanding illite-like layers formed primarily by the coalescence of smectite 2:1 layers around interlayer K<sup>+</sup>. In a middle zone (3 to 4 km), illite crystals neoformed from solution as coarser K-bearing phases and smectite were dissolved by organic acids. In the deepest zone (&gt;4 km), illite recrystallized as less stable illite crystals dissolved, and more stable illite crystals grew during mineral ripening. The progressive loss of radiogenic argon in the deepest zone yielded a constant apparent age for the clays with depth, an effect previously attributed to “punctuated diagenesis.” The above hypothesis for illite formation emphasizes the need to establish the zone (i.e., the reaction mechanism) from which shales were derived before making detailed geologic interpretations based on illite mineralogy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410103","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., 1993, Three zones for illite formation during burial diagenesis and metamorphism: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 41, no. 1, p. 26-37, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410103.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb319e4b08c986b325b9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017685,"text":"70017685 - 1993 - Diffusional limits to the consumption of atmospheric methane by soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:52:09","indexId":"70017685","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Diffusional limits to the consumption of atmospheric methane by soils","docAbstract":"Net transport of atmospheric gases into and out of soil systems is primarily controlled by diffusion along gas partial pressure gradients. Gas fluxes between soil and the atmosphere can therefore be estimated by a generalization of the equation for ordinary gaseous diffusion in porous unsaturated media. Consumption of CH4 by methylotrophic bacteria in the top several centimeters of soil causes the uptake of atmospheric CH4 by aerated soils. The capacity of the methylotrophs to consume CH4 commonly exceeds the potential of CH4 to diffuse from the atmosphere to the consumers. The maximum rate of uptake of atmospheric CH4 by soil is, therefore, limited by diffusion and can be calculated from soil physical properties and the CH4 concentration gradient. The CH4 concentration versus depth profile is theoretically described by the equation for gaseous diffusion with homogeneous chemical reaction in porous unsaturated media. This allows for calculation of the in situ rate of CH4 consumption within specified depth intervals.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., 1993, Diffusional limits to the consumption of atmospheric methane by soils, <i>in</i> Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 1-4, p. 715-720.","startPage":"715","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0111e4b0c8380cd4faae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017453,"text":"70017453 - 1993 - Interface dissolution control of the 14C profile in marine sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:41:22.964314","indexId":"70017453","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Interface dissolution control of the <sup>14</sup>C profile in marine sediment","title":"Interface dissolution control of the 14C profile in marine sediment","docAbstract":"<p><span>The process of carbonate dissolution at the sediment-water interface has two possible endmember boundary conditions. Either the carbonate particles dissolve mostly before they are incorporated into the sediment by bioturbation (interface dissolution), or the vertical mixing is rapid relative to their extermination rate (homogeneous dissolution). In this study, a detailed radiocarbon profile was determined in deep equatorial Pacific sediment that receives a high rate of carbonate supply. In addition, a box model of sediment mixing was used to simulate radiocarbon, carbonate content and excess thorium profiles that result from either boundary process following a dissolution increase. Results from homogeneous dissolution imply a strong, very recent erosional event, while interface dissolution suggests that moderately increased dissolution began about 10,000 years ago. In order to achieve the observed mixed layer radiocarbon age, increased homogeneous dissolution would concentrate a greater amount of clay and&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th than is observed, while for interface dissolution the predicted concentrations are too small. These results together with small discontinuities beneath the mixed layer in&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th profiles suggest a two-stage increase in interface dissolution in the deep Pacific, the first occurring near the beginning of the Holocene and the second more recently, roughly 5000 years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90139-N","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Keir, R., and Michel, R.L., 1993, Interface dissolution control of the 14C profile in marine sediment: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 15, p. 3563-3573, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90139-N.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3563","endPage":"3573","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf8e4b0c8380cd631c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keir, R.S.","contributorId":28025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keir","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018242,"text":"70018242 - 1993 - Lunar ferroan anorthosites: mineralogy, compositional variations, and petrogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T00:01:25.342368","indexId":"70018242","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar ferroan anorthosites: mineralogy, compositional variations, and petrogenesis","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Detailed petrologic study of a suite of lunar ferroan anorthosites indicates that their mineral compositional variations are generally consistent with derivation of these anorthosites from a common parent magma. There are continuous compositional variations in major elements and smooth trends in minor elements (Mg, Fe in plagioclase; Al, Ti, Cr in pyroxene). Relict textures, zoning, and possible primary trends of mineral compositional variations are preserved in many of the anorthosites. The presence of heterogeneous, bimodal, and/or trimodal pyroxene compositions suggests that some of the anorthosites are polymict rocks; however, they are composed entirely of ferroan-anorthosite-suite lithologies. Some aspects of the mineral composition data suggest that complex processes operated during formation of the ferroan anorthosites. The lack of a well-defined, positive or negative trend of pyroxene Mg/(Mg + Fe) versus plagioclase anorthite content, the homogenization of mineral compositions in some anorthosites, and the varied and apparently enriched Mn contents of pyroxenes in some anorthosites suggest that original igneous compositional characteristics have been altered during and/or after crystallization. Processes operative during anorthosite formation may have included some mixing of different melts, trapping of variable amounts of intercumulus liquid, postcrystallization redistribution of elements, or perturbations both during adcumulus growth and subsequent to crystallization by impact events. FeO and MgO contents of the highly calcic plagioclase typical of these anorthosites suggest that the plagioclase-melt distribution coefficients for these elements need to be reassessed.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93JE00400","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McGee, J.J., 1993, Lunar ferroan anorthosites: mineralogy, compositional variations, and petrogenesis: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, no. E5, p. 9089-9105, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JE00400.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"9089","endPage":"9105","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"E5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a8ee4b0c8380cd68e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017456,"text":"70017456 - 1993 - Delayed Postglacial Uplift and Synglacial Sea Levels in Coastal Central New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017456","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed Postglacial Uplift and Synglacial Sea Levels in Coastal Central New England","docAbstract":"The postglacial uplift pattern indicated by elevations of ice-marginal glaciomarine deltas in coastal New England, deposited between approximately 15,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. during ice retreat from northeastern Massachusetts into southwestern Maine, is very similar to that previously recorded for glaciolacustrine deltas of similar age from inland areas of New England. Multiple regression analyses of elevations from both sets of deltas show an extremely close fit to tilted flat surfaces that rise 0.852 m/km to the N 28.5??W along the coast and 0.889 m/km to the N 20.5??W in western New England. The close similarity of uplift pattern in areas where elevation data are from different base-level media, along with additional shore-line evidence, indicates (1) that both areas are part of the same crustal postglacial uplift block, (2) that postglacial uplift was delayed until after 14,000 yr B.P., and (3) that little or no eustatic sea-level change occurred between 15,000 and 14,000 yr B.P., during which time the margin of the late Wisconsinan Laurentide ice sheet retreated about 100 km from Boston, Massachusetts, into southwestern Maine. Elevation data from even younger glaciomarine deltas in the coastal area indicate that soon after the ice margin reached southwestern Maine and adjacent New Hampshire (ca, 14,000 yr B.P.), eustatic sea level rose rapidly 7-10 m during the time that the ice margin retreated 5-10 km, which may have occurred during an interval of only 50-100 yr, Our new data not only confirm the delayed postglacial uplift model previously described for western New England, but also indicate that little or no eustatic sea-level change occurred during a substantial period of early deglaciation. However, at about 14,000 yr B.P., sea level rose rapidly. Postglacial uplift in the region apparently began between 14,000 and 13,300 yr B.P., before the retreating ice margin reached eastern Maine.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1993.1055","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Koteff, C., Robinson, Goldsmith, R., and Thompson, W., 1993, Delayed Postglacial Uplift and Synglacial Sea Levels in Coastal Central New England: Quaternary Research, v. 40, no. 1, p. 46-54, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1055.","startPage":"46","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206115,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1055"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe5de4b0c8380cd4ecce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koteff, C.","contributorId":67646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koteff","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsmith, R.","contributorId":49809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, W.B.","contributorId":98326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017481,"text":"70017481 - 1993 - Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:24:24.934104","indexId":"70017481","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metastable ikaite (CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>·6H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) forms abundantly during winter months along the south shoreline of Mono Lake where shoreline springs mix with lake water. Ikaite precipitates because of its decreased solubility at low temperature and because of orthophosphate-ion inhibition of calcite and aragonite. During the spring some of the ikaite is transformed to anhydrous CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and is incorporated into tufa, but most is dispersed by wave action into the lake where it reacts to form gaylussite (Na</span><sub>2</sub><span>Ca(CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>· 5H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O). Spring waters have low pH values, are dominantly Ca-Na-HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, have low radiocarbon activities, and are mixtures of deep-seated geothermal and cold groundwaters. Chemical modeling reveals that precipitation of CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;can occur over a broad range of mixtures of spring and lake water with a maximum production occurring at 96% spring water and 4% lake water. Under these conditions all the Ca and a significant fraction of the CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;of the precipitate is spring supplied. A radiocarbon age of 19,580 years obtained on a natural ikaite sample supports this conclusion. With the springs supplying a large and probably variable portion of the carbonate, and with apparent&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C age of the carbonate varying from spring to spring, tufa of similar actual antiquity may yield significantly different&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C dates, making tufa at this location unsuitable for absolute age dating by the radiocarbon method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90339-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Stine, S., Rosenbauer, R., Fitzpatrick, J., and Stafford, T.W., 1993, Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 16, p. 3855-3865, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90339-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3865","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3869e4b0c8380cd6156d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stine, S.","contributorId":24089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.A.","contributorId":52205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017416,"text":"70017416 - 1993 - Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:33:36.125435","indexId":"70017416","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface water quality data for 15 sampling stations in the Arkansas, Verdigris, Neosho, and Walnut river basins inside the state of Kansas were analyzed to detect trends (or lack of trends) in 17 major constituents by using four different non-parametric methods. The results show that concentrations of specific conductance, total dissolved solids, calcium, total hardness, sodium, potassium, alkalinity, sulfate, chloride, total phosphorus, ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and suspended sediment generally have downward trends. Some of the downward trends are related to increases in discharge, while others could be caused by decreases in pollution sources. Homogeneity tests show that both station-wide trends and basinwide trends are non-homogeneous.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Yu, Y., Zou, S., and Whittemore, D., 1993, Non-parametric trend analysis of water quality data of rivers in Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 150, no. 1, p. 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90156-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6761e4b0c8380cd732d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Y.-S.","contributorId":98892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, S.","contributorId":68898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, D.","contributorId":39530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittemore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017506,"text":"70017506 - 1993 - Fingerprinting the K/T impact site and determining the time of impact by UPb dating of single shocked zircons from distal ejecta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T00:57:24.06941","indexId":"70017506","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fingerprinting the K/T impact site and determining the time of impact by UPb dating of single shocked zircons from distal ejecta","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>U<img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">Pb isotopic dating of single 1–3 μg zircons from K/T distal ejecta from a site in the Raton Basin, Colorado provides a powerful new tool with which to determine both the time of the impact event and the age of the basement at the impact site. Data for the least shocked zircons are slightly displaced from the 544 ± 5 Ma primary age for a component of the target site, white those for highly shocked and granular grains are strongly displaced towards the time of impact at 65.5 ± 3.0 Ma. Such shocked and granular zircons have never been reported from any source, including explosive volcanic rocks. Zircon is refractory and has one of the highest thermal blocking temperatures; hence, it can record both shock features and primary and secondary ages without modification by post-crystallization processes. Unlike shocked quartz, which can come from almost anywhere on the Earth's crust, shocked zircons can be shown to come from a specific site because basement ages vary on the scale of meters to kilometers. With U<img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">Pb zircon dating, it is now possible to correlate ejecta layers derived from the same target site, test the single versus multiple impact hypothesis, and identify the target source of impact ejecta. The ages obtained in this study indicate that the Manson impact site, Iowa, which has basement rocks that are mid-Proterozoic in age, cannot be the source of K/T distal ejecta. The K/T distal ejecta probably originated from a single impact site because most grains have the same primary age.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(93)90150-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Krogh, T., Kamo, S., and Bohor, B., 1993, Fingerprinting the K/T impact site and determining the time of impact by UPb dating of single shocked zircons from distal ejecta: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 119, no. 3, p. 425-429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90150-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1029e4b0c8380cd53b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krogh, T.E.","contributorId":18915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krogh","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamo, S.L.","contributorId":23287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamo","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017477,"text":"70017477 - 1993 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017477","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","docAbstract":"Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00789324","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Toy, T., Osterkamp, W.R., and Renard, K., 1993, Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324"},{"id":228754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e7e4b0c8380cd7b7b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toy, T.J.","contributorId":36626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renard, K.G.","contributorId":42378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renard","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018384,"text":"70018384 - 1993 - Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018384","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison","docAbstract":"A finite-difference model is used to compare long wave amplitudes arising from two-group forced generation mechanisms in the nearshore: long waves generated at a time-varying breakpoint and the shallow-water extension of the bound long wave. Plane beach results demonstrate that the strong frequency selection in the outgoing wave predicted by the breakpoint-forcing mechanism may not be observable in field data due to this wave's relatively small size and its predicted phase relation with the bound wave. Over a bar/trough nearshore, it is shown that a strong frequency selection in shoreline amplitudes is not a unique result of the time-varying breakpoint model, but a general result of the interaction between topography and any broad-banded forcing of nearshore long waves.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering","conferenceDate":"4 October 1992 through 9 October 1992","conferenceLocation":"Venice, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","isbn":"0872629333","usgsCitation":"List, J., 1993, Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 1, Venice, Italy, 4 October 1992 through 9 October 1992, p. 860-867.","startPage":"860","endPage":"867","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f253e4b0c8380cd4b104","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014821,"text":"1014821 - 1993 - Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T13:28:15.329883","indexId":"1014821","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our objective was to determine the maximum effective rearing density for Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) at 17.5°C, a temperature typically used in hatcheries to accelerate growth. We reared 5.8‐g (mean weight) parr for 80 d to final rearing densities of 14–55 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(rearing unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;(rearing unit volume). Weight gain was slightly depressed in fish at a final rearing density of 26 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(146 kg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), but mortality, food conversion, and gain in length were not affected. At densities greater than 26 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, fish growth was slower and food conversion was higher, but mortality was unaffected. Atlantic salmon may be reared at 17.5°C to densities of at least 14 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(80 kg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) without adverse effects on growth and health, but final rearing densities should not exceed 26 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0029:GSAFCO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Soderberg, R.W., Meade, J.W., and Redell, L.A., 1993, Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 1, p. 29-31, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0029:GSAFCO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderberg, R. W.","contributorId":93855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderberg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017867,"text":"70017867 - 1993 - Sand boils without earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:12:51.456906","indexId":"70017867","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand boils without earthquakes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15574780\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sedimentary deformation caused by liquefaction has become a popular means for inferring prehistoric strong earthquakes. In this report, we describe a new mechanism for generating such features in the absence of earthquakes. Sand boils and a 180-m-long sand dike formed in Fremont Valley, California, when sediment-laden surface runoff was intercepted along the upslope part of a 500-m-long preexisting ground crack, flowed subhorizonally in the crack, and then flowed upward in the downslope part of the crack where it discharged as sand boils on the land surface. If the sand boils and their feeder dike were stratigraphically preserved, they could be misinterpreted as evidence for earthquake-induced liquefaction.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0873:SBWE>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., and Clark, M.M., 1993, Sand boils without earthquakes: Geology, v. 21, no. 10, p. 873-876, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0873:SBWE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"876","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b868fe4b08c986b315ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M. M.","contributorId":41877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017688,"text":"70017688 - 1993 - Synthesis of illite-smectite from smectite at Earth surface temperatures and high pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T15:15:28.050741","indexId":"70017688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1243,"text":"Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1471-8030","printIssn":"0009-8558","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of illite-smectite from smectite at Earth surface temperatures and high pH","docAbstract":"<p><span>It is well known that illite-smectite can form from smectite at elevated temperatures in natural and experimental systems. However, the conversion of smectite to illite-smectite is also found in some natural systems that have never been heated. The present experiments show that illite layers can form from smectite by chemical reaction at 35° and 60°C at high solution pH. The rate of this reaction is accelerated by wetting and drying.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland","doi":"10.1180/claymin.1993.028.1.06","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Velde, B., and McCormick, T.C., 1993, Synthesis of illite-smectite from smectite at Earth surface temperatures and high pH: Clay Minerals, v. 28, no. 1, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1993.028.1.06.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba354e4b08c986b31fc70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velde, Bruce","contributorId":200276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velde","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, T. C.","contributorId":70950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCormick","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}