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Hydrographs of simulated sediment concentration generally have smaller peaks and longer recessions than do hydrographs of measured data. The attenuation of simulated peaks was partly caused by difficulties in designing a representative channel system. Simulated surface runoff during low-intensity rainfall was greater than measured surface runoff; this caused an overestimation of sediment concentration and discharge. Rainfalls of low intensity were mostly absorbed by the soil, but the model predicted that the amount of surface runoff from such storms would be large. The overly large volume of simulated surface runoff transported more sediment than actually occurred. The mean absolute error of mean sediment concentrations during storms is 45% of the measured average concentration. The error resulted from a combination of error in recording streamflow and rainfall, in simulating streamflows, and in simulating sedimentation processes. The largest percent errors are associated with simulated maximum streamflows and average sediment discharges. The root-mean-square errors are 93 and 102% of the measured maximum streamflow and average sediment discharges. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri884222","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., 1989, Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4222, iv, 40 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884222.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":25624,"text":"wri884072 - 1989 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:56:58.219486","indexId":"wri884072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4072","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Low-flow characteristics of selected streams in West Virginia were determined at continuous-record and partial-record sites. Daily discharges at 100 continuous-record gaging stations on unregulated streams were used to compute selected low-flow frequency values. Estimates of low-flow frequency values at 296 partial-record sites (ones having only discharge measurements) were made using the relation defined by concurrent flows with a continuous-record station. Low-flow characteristics at continuous-record stations were related to drainage area and a variability index to produce equations which can be used to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites in West Virginia. The State was divided into two hydrologic regions. Drainage area and a streamflow-variability index were determined to be the most significant. The streamflow variability index was computed from duration curves and was used to account for the integrated effects of geology and other hydrologic characteristics. The standard error of estimate for the 7-day low flow with a 2-year recurrence interval is 43% for Region 1 and 57% for Region 2. The standard error of estimate for the 7-day low flow with a 10-year recurrence interval is 82% for Region 1 and 83% for Region 2.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884072","usgsCitation":"Friel, E., Embree, W., Jack, A.R., and Atkins, J.T., 1989, Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4072, Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 18.32 × 16.40 inches and 18.38 × 16.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884072.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 18.32 × 16.40 inches and 18.38 × 16.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394616,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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R.","contributorId":48597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jack","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkins, J. T. Jr.","contributorId":29474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25923,"text":"wri874040 - 1989 - Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:14:16","indexId":"wri874040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4040","title":"Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The 245 water samples collected from 56 wells at 45 sites in surficial sand-plain aquifers that underlie 600 square miles of Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns Counties in west-central Minnesota contained wide ranges in concentrations of some constituents--sulfate 2 to 160 mg/L (milligrams per liter), chloride 1.6 to 64 mg/L, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen &lt; (less than) 0.1 to 72 mg/L, ammonia &lt;0.01 to 3.3 mg/L , iron &lt;0.003 to 8.6 mg/L, and managanese &lt;0.001 to 1.5 mg/L . Substantial fluctuations in these constituents over time were observed. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the Minnesota drinking-water standard of 10 mg/L (as N) in 50 percent of the wells sampled.</p>\n<p>Differences in concentrations of nitrate with depth below the water table were observed at 11 paired-well sites where one well was screened near the water table and another well was screened 10 or more feet below the water table. Similar differences in concentration with depth were observed in specific conductance, iron, chloride, and sulfate, but not as consistently. At eight sites, nitrate concentrations were higher at the water table (4.3 to 72 mg/L) than deeper in the aquifer (&lt;0.1 to 27 mg/L). At the other three sites, nitrate concentrations were greater at depth than at the water table, although the contrast in concentrations was not as large. Increased concentration at depth is attributed to vertical mixing at the three sites, possibly caused by rapid infiltration of more dilute water from ephemeral ponds following storms. The more dilute water displaces the high-nitrate water to greater depth.</p>\n<p>Nitrate concentrations fluctuated seasonally in response to the combined effects of precipitation and agricultural practices (irrigation and fertilization). Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in one Stearns County well fluctuated from 35 mg/L in August 1982, to 72 mg/L in May 1983, to 18 mg/L in May 1984. In 12 wells for which historical data were available, the mean nitrate concentration during this study (1982-84) was greater than the mean concentration during previous studies (1965-78), although the amount of increase in nitrate concentrations observed over the previous 10 or more years was not as great as the seasonal fluctuations observed during this study. Short-term seasonal fluctuations are greater than apparent historical increases in nitrate concentration.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and, especially, nitrate were significantly higher in irrigated areas than in uncultivated areas. Mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 4.3 mg/L in uncultivated (natural) areas relatively unaffected by agriculture, 5.4 mg/L in nonirrigated cultivated areas, and 17 mg/L in irrigated cultivated areas. The mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentration in uncultivated areas was greater than the usually observed background levels of less than 1 mg/L (as nitrogen), which may indicate that areas thought to be natural actually are affected by agricultural land use. Several statistical tests indicate that nitrate concentrations are significantly higher in irrigated cultivated areas than in nonirrigated cultivated areas. The difference in nitrate concentrations between irrigated and nonirrigated areas suggests that nitrate from agricultural fertilizer is being leached during heavy rainfall or irrigation periods as a result of higher concentrations of nitrogen being maintained in the soil to enhance yields of corn and potatoes.</p>\n<p>Four of eight wells sampled for herbicides in west-central Minnesota had detectable concentrations of the triazine herbicide atrazine that ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 micrograms per liter. These concentrations were well below the water-quality guidelines published by the Canadian Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, which specify 100 micrograms per liter as the maximum permissible concentration for the group of triazine herbicides in a raw drinking-water supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri874040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns Counties, and the Wesmin Resource Conservation and Development Association","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., 1989, Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4040, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874040.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54681,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4040/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Douglas County, Kandiyohi County, Pope County, Stearns County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.1454,46.108],[-95.147,45.9326],[-95.1391,45.9327],[-95.1398,45.7744],[-94.6438,45.7758],[-94.2782,45.777],[-94.2763,45.7761],[-94.273,45.7748],[-94.271,45.773],[-94.269,45.7707],[-94.2683,45.768],[-94.2677,45.7657],[-94.2663,45.7634],[-94.265,45.762],[-94.2643,45.7602],[-94.263,45.7579],[-94.2623,45.7543],[-94.2603,45.7502],[-94.259,45.7461],[-94.2589,45.7451],[-94.2576,45.7438],[-94.2537,45.7406],[-94.2497,45.7374],[-94.2451,45.7342],[-94.2445,45.7342],[-94.2399,45.7324],[-94.2346,45.7302],[-94.2281,45.7284],[-94.2222,45.727],[-94.217,45.7257],[-94.2144,45.7248],[-94.2131,45.723],[-94.2124,45.7207],[-94.213,45.7184],[-94.2162,45.7161],[-94.2188,45.7152],[-94.2195,45.7124],[-94.2181,45.7097],[-94.2161,45.7074],[-94.2142,45.7047],[-94.2109,45.7019],[-94.2069,45.6997],[-94.2049,45.6969],[-94.2036,45.6906],[-94.2029,45.6851],[-94.2015,45.681],[-94.2002,45.6782],[-94.1976,45.6764],[-94.1943,45.676],[-94.191,45.6769],[-94.1871,45.6774],[-94.1858,45.6774],[-94.1839,45.6765],[-94.1871,45.6733],[-94.1916,45.6696],[-94.1936,45.6668],[-94.1942,45.6618],[-94.1948,45.6577],[-94.1954,45.6549],[-94.1966,45.6517],[-94.1986,45.649],[-94.1999,45.648],[-94.1999,45.6467],[-94.2005,45.6439],[-94.2004,45.638],[-94.1997,45.6339],[-94.1984,45.6302],[-94.1977,45.6266],[-94.1996,45.6202],[-94.1989,45.617],[-94.1956,45.6101],[-94.1923,45.6051],[-94.1883,45.5996],[-94.1831,45.5965],[-94.1772,45.5933],[-94.1693,45.5883],[-94.168,45.586],[-94.168,45.5846],[-94.1653,45.5792],[-94.164,45.5742],[-94.162,45.5696],[-94.1587,45.5659],[-94.1547,45.5628],[-94.1488,45.5596],[-94.1475,45.5591],[-94.1436,45.5537],[-94.1442,45.5482],[-94.1466,45.5331],[-94.1472,45.5281],[-94.1439,45.5231],[-94.1393,45.518],[-94.1387,45.5144],[-94.1386,45.5107],[-94.1412,45.5075],[-94.1418,45.5043],[-94.1412,45.5034],[-94.1411,45.5016],[-94.1411,45.4979],[-94.1398,45.4961],[-94.1371,45.4934],[-94.1365,45.4915],[-94.1332,45.4884],[-94.1293,45.4861],[-94.1267,45.4847],[-94.1188,45.4797],[-94.1136,45.477],[-94.1084,45.4743],[-94.1064,45.472],[-94.1018,45.4693],[-94.0992,45.4657],[-94.0985,45.4625],[-94.0998,45.4579],[-94.0991,45.4547],[-94.0971,45.452],[-94.0939,45.4492],[-94.0893,45.4479],[-94.0835,45.447],[-94.0789,45.4452],[-94.0769,45.4434],[-94.0769,45.4397],[-94.0756,45.437],[-94.0717,45.4365],[-94.0684,45.4365],[-94.0652,45.4343],[-94.0625,45.432],[-94.0612,45.4311],[-94.0548,45.4329],[-94.0522,45.4339],[-94.0502,45.4334],[-94.0482,45.4307],[-94.0463,45.4275],[-94.0514,45.4229],[-94.0566,45.4192],[-94.063,45.4133],[-94.0649,45.4073],[-94.0681,45.4009],[-94.0739,45.394],[-94.0816,45.3862],[-94.0835,45.383],[-94.0842,45.3803],[-94.0841,45.3762],[-94.0835,45.372],[-94.0828,45.3702],[-94.0854,45.3666],[-94.0898,45.3615],[-94.0918,45.3588],[-94.0924,45.3537],[-94.0923,45.351],[-94.093,45.3487],[-94.0981,45.345],[-94.1046,45.3445],[-94.1078,45.3418],[-94.1117,45.3367],[-94.1194,45.3298],[-94.1252,45.3248],[-94.1373,45.3162],[-94.161,45.3011],[-94.1741,45.3012],[-94.1771,45.3091],[-94.1782,45.3108],[-94.1788,45.3113],[-94.1821,45.3154],[-94.1873,45.3181],[-94.1915,45.3193],[-94.2105,45.3169],[-94.2178,45.3143],[-94.2201,45.3138],[-94.2243,45.3113],[-94.2504,45.3086],[-94.2576,45.3058],[-94.2544,45.3001],[-94.2613,45.2976],[-94.2615,45.2844],[-94.382,45.2836],[-94.3819,45.327],[-94.7612,45.3272],[-94.7621,45.239],[-94.7576,45.2386],[-94.7582,44.8929],[-95.2471,44.8925],[-95.2456,45.1537],[-95.2471,45.2382],[-95.2549,45.2381],[-95.2549,45.4122],[-95.7451,45.4122],[-95.7483,45.585],[-95.7574,45.5853],[-95.7595,45.76],[-95.7595,45.9339],[-95.7686,45.9342],[-95.7693,46.1073],[-95.1454,46.108]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Douglas\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, H. W. Jr.","contributorId":11187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25938,"text":"wri884216 - 1989 - Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:41:00","indexId":"wri884216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4216","title":"Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years","docAbstract":"<p>Sampling to determine suspended-sediment concentrations at the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, began in January 1966 and ended in September 1986. Depth-integrated samples were collected during all flow conditions. The records for this station are considered good.</p>\n<p>The mean monthly suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond ranged from 2,500 to 91,000 tons during the period of record. The annual suspended-sediment load ranged from 404,500 to 30,800,000 tons and averaged about 10,900,000 tons. The minimum annual load of 404,500 tons occurred during the 1984 water year, and the maximum annual load of 30,800,000 tons occurred during the 1968 water year.</p>\n<p>Suspended-sediment load and discharge varied throughout the period of study. A double-mass curve indicated that the relation between discharge and sediment load remained constant.</p>\n<p>The data collected annually during the study were used to develop a regression model. The model was determined to be an accurate predictor of annual suspended-sediment load by using annual discharge as the independent variable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884216","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., 1989, Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4216, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884216.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26480,"text":"wri894047 - 1989 - Water resources and effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Hanging Woman Creek basin, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri894047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4047","title":"Water resources and effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Hanging Woman Creek basin, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"Groundwater resources of the Hanging Woman Creek basin, Montana include Holocene and Pleistocene alluvial aquifers and sandstone , coal, and clinker aquifers in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation. Surface water resources are composed of Hanging Woman Creek, its tributaries, and small stock ponds. Dissolved-solids concentrations in groundwater ranged from 200 to 11,00 mg/L. Generally, concentrations were largest in alluvial aquifers and smallest in clinker aquifers. Near its mouth, Hanging Woman Creek had a median concentration of about 1,800 mg/L. Mining of the 20-foot to 35-foot-thick Anderson coal bed and 3-foot to 16-foot thick Dietz coal bed could increase dissolved-solids concentrations in shallow aquifers and in Hanging Woman Creek because of leaching of soluble minerals from mine spoils. Analysis of saturated-paste extracts from 158 overburden samples indicated that water moving through mine spoils would have a median increase in dissolved-solids concentration of about 3,700 mg/L, resulting in an additional dissolved-solids load to Hanging Woman Creek of about 3.0 tons/day. Hanging Woman Creek near Birney could have an annual post-mining dissolved-solids load of 3,415 tons at median discharge, a 47% increase from pre-mining conditions load. Post-mining concentrations of dissolved solids, at median discharge, could range from 2,380 mg/L in March to 3,940 mg/L in August, compared to mean pre-mining concentrations that ranged from 1,700 mg/L in July, November, and December to 2,060 mg/L in May. Post-mining concentrations and loads in Hanging Woman Creek would be smaller if a smaller area were mined. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894047","usgsCitation":"Cannon, M.R., 1989, Water resources and effects of potential surface coal mining on dissolved solids in Hanging Woman Creek basin, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4047, vi, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894047.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55302,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55303,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55304,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55305,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68806e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26124,"text":"wri894154 - 1989 - Geohydrology and water quality in the vicinity of the Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T09:17:17","indexId":"wri894154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4154","title":"Geohydrology and water quality in the vicinity of the Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Wells in the Gettysburg National Military Park, Eisenhower National Historic Site, and Gettysburg Borough supply drinking water to the park staff and, annually, more than 1 million visitors. These water resources are vulnerable to contamination by pollutants from activities in and outside park boundaries. This report describes the hydrogeology and ground-water quality of a 12-square- mile area of the park and vicinity, and outlines a ground-water-quality monitoring plan.\r\n\r\n      A network of about 60 wells was established to measure water levels and sample ground water. Water levels were measured continuously in five wells and synchronously in the larger network during spring and fall of 1986.\r\n\r\n      Shale, siltstone, and sandstone of the Gettysburg Formation, intruded by a 2,000-foot-thick diabase sill in the southeastern part of the area, form the bedrock framework. These rocks are tilted about 20 degrees to the northwest. Two vertical diabase dikes extend northward and form barriers to ground-water flow in the Gettysburg Formation.\r\n\r\n      The regolith and fractures near the surface in both the Gettysburg Formation rocks and diabase sill contain a shallow water-table aquifer. In the Gettysburg Formation, the shallow aquifer is connected to deep, discontinuous, tabular aquifers in beds prone to fracturing. Ground-water flow tends to be anisotropic parallel to the strike of bedding both in the shallow and deep aquifers to the Gettysburg Formation. Pumping affects water levels in wells more that 2,500 feet apart along strike.\r\n\r\nCalcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate are the dominant constituents in the ground water. Concentrations of dissolved solids are about 40 percent greater in water from the Gettysburg Formation than water from the diabase. Concentrations of nontoxic elements, iron and manganese, slightly exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) secondary maximum contaminant levels in 4 of 21 samples. No concentration of the toxic trace elements arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, or mercury exceeds the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by USEPA. A nitrate concentration in excess of the USEPA MCL of 10 milligrams per liter was found only in water from one well. Pesticides were present, at nontoxic concentrations (near minimum detection limits) in water from five wells, two of which are currently (1987) in use. TCE and PCE were the dominant purgeable organic compounds (POC) detected. No POC were present in park wells above concentrations of 1 microgram per liter, and no concentration exceeded USEPA MCLs. POC were detected only in water from wells that are approximately aligned, and in a zone parallel to strike that extends into areas of know ground-water contamination and (or) production wells.\r\n\r\n      Water-quality monitoring in the park is most important in the zone where TCE and PCE were detected. Areas that have production wells in which other contaminants in water have been detected are areas to be monitored for changes in concentration of the detected contaminants. Continued control of potential contaminants placed on the land surface, especially agricultural chemicals and wastes, can prevent or mitigate most ground-water contamination. Future monitoring activities will be dictated by events and conditions where and as they occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894154","usgsCitation":"Becher, A., 1989, Geohydrology and water quality in the vicinity of the Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4154, v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894154.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54925,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becher, A.E.","contributorId":75949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25486,"text":"wri874194 - 1989 - Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics and the effects of urbanization for streams in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T10:16:20","indexId":"wri874194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4194","title":"Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics and the effects of urbanization for streams in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area","docAbstract":"This report provides a method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods for small streams in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area. Data collected at 21 streamflow gaging stations were used in a multiple-regression analysis to develop equations for computation of peak-flow characteristics. The flood equations were determined by relating flood-frequency characteristics computed using observed flow data from 13 stations and synthetically derived flow data from 8 stations to measurable basin characteristics. Significant characteristics in the equations are drainage area and impervious cover. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations ranged from 38 to 43 percent. The equations can be used to determine peak-flow characteristics and to estimate the effect of urbanization on small streams with drainage areas from 1.1 to 64 square miles. The analyses indicate that increasing impervious area can significaantly increase peak flows. Examples are given for computing flood frequency for a site on an ungaged stream for an ungaged site on a gaged stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874194","usgsCitation":"Bailey, J., Thomas, W., Wetzel, K.L., and Ross, T., 1989, Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics and the effects of urbanization for streams in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4194, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874194.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, J.F.","contributorId":57889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, W.O. Jr.","contributorId":32133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, T.J.","contributorId":82736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25803,"text":"wri894141 - 1989 - Transport and fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream, Stennis Space Center near Bay St Louis, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri894141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4141","title":"Transport and fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream, Stennis Space Center near Bay St Louis, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894141","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Shultz, D., Stephens, D.W., and Tai, D.Y., 1989, Transport and fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream, Stennis Space Center near Bay St Louis, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4141, xii, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894141.","productDescription":"xii, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25742,"text":"wri884089 - 1989 - Reconnaissance study of water and bottom material quality in the lower Calcasieu River, southwestern Louisiana, May 29-30, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"wri884089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4089","title":"Reconnaissance study of water and bottom material quality in the lower Calcasieu River, southwestern Louisiana, May 29-30, 1985","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884089","usgsCitation":"Demas, C.R., 1989, Reconnaissance study of water and bottom material quality in the lower Calcasieu River, southwestern Louisiana, May 29-30, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4089, viii, 51 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884089.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54503,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6366aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26233,"text":"wri884236 - 1989 - Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri884236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4236","title":"Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California","docAbstract":"A major winter storm originating over the Pacific Ocean moved through central California in early January 1982. As much as 16 inches of rain fell in Marin County and 25 inches in the mountains bordering Santa Cruz County. The storm of January 3-5, 1982 had a stable atmospheric structure, and the layer of moist maritime air was confined to altitudes between 50 and 700 ft; this phenomenon caused the rain to fall most heavily along the lower slopes of the coastal mountains. As a result of antecedent rainfall, streamflow in the San Francisco Bay area exceeded normal from the end of October to the end of December 1981. For most streams, the January 1982 flood was the largest since the flood of December 1955, but it was not significantly large in comparison with historic peak-flow data. Damages associated with the storm were substantial, but flooding from stream runoff was not the major problem. Greater than normal antecedent rainfall, together with the prolonged heavy rain, liquified the supersaturated soil cover and caused numerous slope failures and debris flows on steep, unstable slopes. The median recurrence interval of the 1982 peak for 66 streamflow-gaging stations in the San Francisco Bay area is 10 years; for the 1955 flood, the median recurrence interval for 16 stations is 11 years. Streams with highest unit peak runoff were in the Santa Cruz Mountains and North Bay subareas. Median recurrence intervals of flood volumes for durations of 1, 3, and 8 consecutive days during the January 1982 flood are 18, 11, and 8; these recurrence intervals are comparable to those of the December 1955 flood, which are 13 , 16, and 14 years. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884236","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., and Chin, E., 1989, Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4236, v, 46 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884236.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4236/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55032,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4236/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4236/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, E.H.","contributorId":48212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26231,"text":"wri884211 - 1989 - Relation of ground-water quality to land use in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-Camden, New Jersey area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T18:40:14.749232","indexId":"wri884211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4211","title":"Relation of ground-water quality to land use in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-Camden, New Jersey area","docAbstract":"The distributions of common dissolved constituents, trace metals, and volatile organic compounds in ground water near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey, are influenced by local geology and land use. Many common dissolved constituents are more concentrated in ground water beneath urban and industrial areas than in water beneath suburban and undeveloped and agricultural areas. Industrial and urban land uses commonly are situated in the outcrop of the aquifer where vulnerability of ground water to contamination is increased by the lack of overlying confining strata. Ground water beneath undeveloped and agricultural lands is least affected by trace metal or volatile organic contamination, but differences in water quality as related to other land-use categories are less clear and vary according to the chemical constituent considered.\r\n\r\n      Only about 20 percent of all water samples contained detectable concentrations of trace metals or volatile organic compounds; as a result, determinations of relations between water quality and land use are difficult. Variations in detection limits further complicated data interpretation. The proportion of water samples in which concentrations of constituents were below detection compared to water samples in which concentrations were present in detectable amounts is the most useful statistic in determining relations based on trace-metal or volatile organic-compound data. Iron and Manganese concentrations are elevated in water throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer in Pennsylvania, but the elevated concentrations cannot be adequately explained on the basis of land use alone.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884211","usgsCitation":"Blickwedel, R.S., and Wood, C.R., 1989, Relation of ground-water quality to land use in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-Camden, New Jersey area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4211, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884211.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55030,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4211/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","city":"Camden, Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.42938232421875,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.84161376953125,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.84161376953125,\n              40.143189742924406\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42938232421875,\n              40.143189742924406\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42938232421875,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blickwedel, Ray S.","contributorId":23984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blickwedel","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C. R.","contributorId":100386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26063,"text":"wri894014 - 1989 - Water quality of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and limnology of Prompton Lake, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, October 1986 through September 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T09:16:14","indexId":"wri894014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4014","title":"Water quality of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and limnology of Prompton Lake, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, October 1986 through September 1987","docAbstract":"The water quality of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and the limnology of Prompton Lake in northeastern Pennsylvania were studied from October 1986 through September 1987 to determine past and present water-quality conditions in the basin, and to determine the possible effects of raising the lake level on the water quality of the Lake, of the river downstream, and of ground water.\r\n\r\n      Past and present water quality of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and Prompton Lake generally meets State standards for high-quality waters that sup- port the maintenance and propagation of cold-water fishes. However, suggested criteria by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency intended to control excessive algal growth in the lake are exceeded most, if not all, of the time for nitrogen and most of the time for phosphorus.\r\n\r\n      The average annual total nitrogen load entering the lake is 114 tons. Of this total, 41 tons is inorganic nitrate plus nitrate, 48 tons organic nitrogen, and 25 tons ammonia nitrogen. Estimated annual yields of total nitrogen, inorganic nitrite plus nitrate, organic nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen are 1.9, 9.7, 0.8, and 0.4 tons/mi2 (tons per square mile), respectively. The average annual phosphorus load is estimated to be 4.7 tons, which is equivalent to a yield of 0.08 tons/mi2. About 62 percent, or 2.9 tons, is dissolved phosphorus that is readily available for plant assimilation. The waters of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and Prompton Lake are decidedly phosphorus limited.\r\n\r\n      The long-term average annual suspended-sediment yield to the lake is about 70 tons/mi2. Life expectancy of the 774 acre-feet of space allocated for sediment loads in the raised pool is estimated to be about 287 years.\r\n\r\n      During the 1987 water year, about 51 percent of the annual sediment load was transported during 7 days by storm-water runoff. The maximum sediment discharge during the study period was 400 tons per day.\r\n\r\n      Lake-profile studies show that thermal and chemical stratification develops in early June and persists through September. Water below a depth of about 20 feet becomes anoxic, or nearly so, by mid-July.\r\n\r\n      Summer concentrations of chlorophyll are indicative of eutropic conditions. Although raising of the lake level is expected to increase the efficiency of the lake in trapping nutrients, the increased depth and volume will reduce the concentrations of available nutrients and, thereby, reduce the eutrophication potential of the lake.\r\n\r\n      The water level in about 30 wells near the lake probably will rise after the lake level is raised, and the well yields probably will increase slightly. Flow of water form the lake to the aquifer as the lake is being raised may temporarily increase mineral content of water in the aquifer. After a new equilibrium is reached, however, water will again flow from the aquifer to the lake, thereby restoring the aquifer's water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894014","usgsCitation":"Barker, J.L., 1989, Water quality of the West Branch Lackawaxen River and limnology of Prompton Lake, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, October 1986 through September 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4014, vi, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894014.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, J. L.","contributorId":83518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26186,"text":"wri894160 - 1989 - Sedimentation of Lake Taneycomo, Missouri, 1913-1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri894160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4160","title":"Sedimentation of Lake Taneycomo, Missouri, 1913-1987","docAbstract":"On the basis of the data from a sedimentation survey done by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, during 1935 and data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1987, the volume of sediment accumulated in Lake Taneycomo from 1913 to 1935 and 1913 to 1987 was determined. Table Rock Dam, built directly upstream from Lake Taneycomo during 1958, eliminated about 92% of the 4,644-sq mi basin from contributing sediment directly to the lake. Cesium-137 isotope was used as a tracer in the sediment to determine the quantity of deposition in the lake after Table Rock Dam was completed. The relation between cross-sectional area and distance upstream from the dam (curve method) was used to determine the 1913 (original), the 1935, and the 1987 volumes of Lake Taneycomo. A total of 910,000,000 cu ft of sediment accumulated between 1913 and 1935, 42% of the original volume of the lake. A total of 1 ,066,000,000 cu ft of sediment accumulated between 1913 and 1987 , 49% of the original volume. Lake Taneycomo seems to be functioning as an alluvial river, responding to the new energy gradient established by the spillway at Ozark Beach Dam, and later to changes in the sediment load. The upper two-thirds of the lake seems to have been scoured after Table Rock Dam greatly decreased the sediment load to the lake. The cesium-137 analysis indicated that sediment is still accumulating in the lower reaches of the lake, with measured accumulation generally ranging from 0.2 to 2.6 ft. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-file report [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894160","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W., 1989, Sedimentation of Lake Taneycomo, Missouri, 1913-1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4160, vii, 80 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894160.","productDescription":"vii, 80 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a1ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, W.R.","contributorId":59808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29971,"text":"wri884162 - 1989 - Hydraulic and salinity characteristics of the tidal reach of the Peace River, southwestern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri884162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4162","title":"Hydraulic and salinity characteristics of the tidal reach of the Peace River, southwestern Florida","docAbstract":"The tidal reach of the Peace River in southwestern Florida extends about 26 miles upstream from Charlotte Harbor and is characterized by flow-direction reversals, low velocities, and salinity gradients that vary with freshwater inflow, tides, and wind. Flow reversals generally occur on each tide throughout most of the tidal reach, their upstream limit determined primarily by freshwater inflow and tide. Flow reversals occur at river mile 18.9 whenever freshwater inflows are less than about 1,000 cu ft/sec. Velocities were less than 0.3 ft/sec more than half the time at river mile 18.9. The volume of the flood and ebb tidal flows in the midreach of the tidal river (mile 11.5) on July 12-13, 1984, was about five times the volume of flood and ebb tidal flow near the upstream end of the tidal reach July 10-11, 1984 (mile 18.9). Salinity varied along the 26-mile river reach, across channel and with depth, depending upon complex patterns of flow, freshwater runoff, wind, tide, and salinity in Charlotte Harbor. Daily variations in salinity increased downstream and variations were larger near the surface than near the bottom. Regression analysis indicated that the location of the 0.5 ppt salinity will move upstream more than 2 river miles if low flows are reduced by 50%. Freshwater flushing of the lower 20-mile tidal reach, approximated from freshwater replacement time, varied from about 2 days during heavy freshwater runoff to 40 days during extreme low flows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884162","usgsCitation":"Stoker, Y., Henderson, S., and McPherson, B.F., 1989, Hydraulic and salinity characteristics of the tidal reach of the Peace River, southwestern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4162, v, 37 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884162.","productDescription":"v, 37 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Y.E.","contributorId":13253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Y.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, S.E.","contributorId":70806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29162,"text":"wri884133 - 1989 - Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri884133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4133","title":"Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 4","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, is conducting a series of geohydrologic studies to delineate the major aquifers (those which provide water for public supplies) in Alabama, their recharge areas, and areas susceptible to contamination. This report summarizes these factors for two major aquifers in Area 4--Calhoun, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby, and Talladega Counties. The major aquifers in the study area are in Cambrian and Ordovician and Mississippian rocks. Highest yields from aquifers are associated with solution openings in carbonate rocks. Springs in the area provide substantial amounts of water for municipal supply. Coldwater Spring provides 17 million gal of water/day to the city of Anniston, the largest groundwater user in the area. All recharge areas for the aquifers are susceptible to contamination from land surface. Two conditions exist in the study area that may cause the aquifers to be highly susceptible to contamination on a local scale: fracturing of rock materials due to faulting and the production of a porous cherty soil through weathering. Where sinkholes are present, there may be a direct connection between the land surface and the aquifer. Areas with sinkholes are considered to be extremely susceptible to contamination. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884133","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., and Pritchett, J., 1989, Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 4: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4133, iv, 31 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884133.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58037,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4133/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pritchett, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":13277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchett","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30621,"text":"wri884036 - 1989 - Simulation of steady-state ground water and spring flow in the upper Floridan aquifer of coastal Citrus and Hernando Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri884036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4036","title":"Simulation of steady-state ground water and spring flow in the upper Floridan aquifer of coastal Citrus and Hernando Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"A digital groundwater flow model was developed to approximate steady-state predevelopment flow conditions in the Upper Floridan aquifer of coastal west-central Florida. The aquifer is the major source of water and natural spring flow in the area. The aquifer was simulated as a one-layer system with constant vertical recharge and discharge rates. Calibrated transmissivities ranged from 8,640 sq ft/day in the northern part of the area to nearly 13,000,000 sq ft/day near large springs. Calibrated inflows were about 2,708 cu ft/sec; of this, about 2,565 cu ft/sec discharged as natural spring flow and 137 cu ft/sec discharged as upward leakage along the coast. The model was used to show how the system might respond to large manmade stresses. Withdrawal of 116 cu ft/sec from a hypothetical regional well field resulted in potentiometric-surface drawdowns ranging from 0.1 to 1.7 ft and declines of generally less than 0.2 ft along the coast. Total spring flow decreased 5%, and the effect on individual springs varied from 0.1 to 8.0%. Withdrawal of 62 cu ft/sec from the 4-sq-mi node at each spring resulted in six of seven springs to the south of the Chassahowitzka River contributing 50% of their flow to pumpage. Springs located north of the Chassahowitzka River contributed as much as 18% of their flow to pumpage. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri884036","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., 1989, Simulation of steady-state ground water and spring flow in the upper Floridan aquifer of coastal Citrus and Hernando Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4036, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884036.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59386,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29148,"text":"wri894028 - 1989 - Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri894028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4028","title":"Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies may be purchased from Open-File Services Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894028","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R., and Field, M., 1989, Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4028, iv, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894028.","productDescription":"iv, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a767d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, R.L.","contributorId":23985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.L.","contributorId":10813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29205,"text":"wri894010 - 1989 - Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri894010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4010","title":"Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"The hydrologic resources in and adjacent to five parcels of land held in trust for the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah were evaluated. The land, located in southwestern Utah, is generally arid and has had only limited use for grazing. The parcels are located near the towns of Cove Fort, Joseph, Koosharem, and Kanarraville. On the basis of available geohydrologic and hydrologic data, water of suitable quality is locally available in the areas of all parcels for domestic, stock, recreation, and limited irrigation use. Developing this water for use on the parcels would potentially involve obtaining water rights, drilling wells, and constructing diversion structures. Surface water apparently is the most favorable source of supply available for the Joseph parcel, and groundwater apparently is the most favorable source of supply available for the other parcels. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894010","usgsCitation":"Price, D., Stephens, D.W., and Conroy, L., 1989, Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4010, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894010.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, L.S.","contributorId":6051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29211,"text":"wri874211 - 1989 - Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4211","title":"Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests","docAbstract":"Drawdown and recovery data from two aquifer tests in central Nassau County, NY were used to calculate aquifer characteristics by several methods to aid in predicting the response of the aquifer system to stress. The first test, on May 12, 1978, entailed pumping the Magothy aquifer for 12 hours; the second on July 30-31, 1985, entailed pumping the upper glacial aquifer for 24 hours. Drawdown and recovery data from both tests were analyzed through analytical solutions and curve-matching procedures, and the resulting hydraulic values were used as initial values in a finite-element radial-flow numerical model to simulate the observed drawdowns and recoveries. Storativity values obtained by all methods were consistent with published estimates; but hydraulic conductivity values were higher than published estimates. The simple analytical solutions and curve-matching procedures gave reasonable values of most terms quickly, but the greatest confidence is in the estimates made with the finite-element model. These estimates for the Magothy aquifer were: horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 100 ft/d; ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity, 5; and specific storage, 0.0001. Estimates for the upper glacial aquifer were: horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 380 ft/d; ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, 2.5; and specific yield, 0.15. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874211","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., and Schneider, B., 1989, Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4211, vi, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874211.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, K. R.","contributorId":7328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, B.J.","contributorId":93539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29228,"text":"wri884183 - 1989 - Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:16:03.060735","indexId":"wri884183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4183","title":"Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>The hydraulic properties of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system and of the overlying and underlying confining units were determined from and aquifer test in the vicinity of Union Beach Borough, New Jersey, near Raritan Bay. The April 1986 test included the pumping of 2 test wells for 72 hours at a combined discharge rate of 1,375 gal/min, and the measurement of water levels in 10 observation wells. No lateral recharge boundary in Raritan Bay affected the observed water-level changes. Assuming leaky artesian conditions, the average transmissivity and storage coefficient of the upper aquifer are 7,754 sq ft/day and 0.00044 respectively. The leakance of the combined confining units ranges from 0.000030 to 0.000076/day/ft. On the basis of lithologic samples from a nearby well, the overlying and underlying confining units were assumed to have similar hydraulic properties. By using this assumption, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units ranges from 0.010 to 0.027 ft/day.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884183","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., Pope, D., and Ivahnenko, T., 1989, Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4183, Report: vi, 27 p.; 3 Plates: 32.15 × 21.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884183.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 3 Plates: 32.15 × 21.07 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395907,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49226.htm"},{"id":58087,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58086,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58085,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Monmouth County","otherGeospatial":"Union Beach Borough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.2056,\n              40.425\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.15,\n              40.425\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.15,\n              40.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2056,\n              40.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2056,\n              40.425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, A. A. Jr.","contributorId":100000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, D. A.","contributorId":13991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29242,"text":"wri884037 - 1989 - Single-well injection and recovery of freshwater from an aquifer containing saline water at Arecibo, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T21:56:16.211785","indexId":"wri884037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4037","title":"Single-well injection and recovery of freshwater from an aquifer containing saline water at Arecibo, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884037","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., Whitesides, D.V., and Zack, A.L., 1989, Single-well injection and recovery of freshwater from an aquifer containing saline water at Arecibo, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4037, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884037.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411150,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46960.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","city":"Arecibo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.6917,\n              18.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7083,\n              18.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7083,\n              18.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.6917,\n              18.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.6917,\n              18.4833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f178b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitesides, D. V.","contributorId":34553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitesides","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zack, A. L.","contributorId":104911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zack","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29247,"text":"wri874019 - 1989 - Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loiza, Puerto Rico, July 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri874019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4019","title":"Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loiza, Puerto Rico, July 1985","docAbstract":"A survey of the sedimentation of Lago Loiza (Carraizo), in north-central Puerto Rico was conducted during July 1985. The survey showed that the actual capacity of the reservoir has declined from 21,700 acre-ft in 1953 to about 10,100 acre-ft in 1985. Sedimentation is depleting the reservoir 's capacity at an average rate of about 439 acre-ft/yr, or about 1.8%/yr of the original capacity. The increase in capacity of 2,400 acre-ft produced in 1977 when flashboards were installed, has now been nullified by sedimentation. Under optimal conditions the remaining usable life of the reservoir is estimated to be about 23 years. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874019","usgsCitation":"Quinones, F., Green, B., and Santiago, L., 1989, Sedimentation Survey of Lago Loiza, Puerto Rico, July 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4019, iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874019.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Bruce","contributorId":79129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santiago, Luis","contributorId":95920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29275,"text":"wri884164 - 1989 - Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri884164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4164","title":"Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985","docAbstract":"To assess one potential cause for the decline of the striped bass fishery in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were used to examine the trophic structures of the larval striped bass food chain, and to trace the flux of these elements through the food chain components. Study results generally confirm a food chain consisting of the elements, phytoplankton/detritus--&gt;zooplankton/Neomysis shrimp--&gt;larval striped bass. The stable isotope ratios generally become more positive as one progresses from the lower to the higher trophic level food chain components, and no unusual trophic structure was found in the food chain. However, the data indicate an unidentified consumer organism occupying an intermediate position between the lower and higher trophic levels of the larval striped bass food chain. Based on expected trophic interactions, this unidentified consumer would have a stable carbon isotope ratio of about 28/mil and a stable nitrogen isotope ratio of about 8/mi. Three possible feeding stages for larval striped bass also were identified, based on their lengths. The smallest length fish seem to subsist on their yolk sac remnants, and the largest length fish subsist on Neomysis shrimp and zooplankton. The intermediate-length fish represent a transition stage between primary food sources and/or use of a mixture of food sources. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884164","usgsCitation":"Rast, W., and Sutton, J., 1989, Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4164, v, 62 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884164.","productDescription":"v, 62 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58123,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5ddb5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rast, Walter","contributorId":79514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rast","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, J.E.","contributorId":54249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30620,"text":"wri884044 - 1989 - Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri884044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4044","title":"Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida","docAbstract":"The Chassahowitzka and Homosassa Rivers Florida, are spring-fed streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico that may be affected by future development of groundwaters. Reduction of streamflow may cause an upstream movement of saltwater in the rivers. Data on flow, tide, and salinity define the physical characteristics of both estuaries. Vertical and longitudinal salinity profiles indicate that the estuaries are reasonably well mixed for the streamflow and high-tide conditions observed during the study. Estimates of the daily maximum upstream locations of the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 5-ppt salinities in the Chassahowitzka River and the vertically averaged 2-ppt and 5-ppt salinities in the Homosassa River are described by multiple linear regression analysis using daily mean streamflow of each river and high-tide stage of the gulf. For the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 2-ppt salinities, the square of the correlation coefficient for the predictive equations ranged from 0.77 to 0.85. For the vertically averaged 5-ppt salinities, the square of the correlation coefficient for the predictive equations ranged from 0.73 to 0.88. Upstream movement of salt-water due to pumping 40 million gal/day from a well field near the headwater springs of the Chassahowitzka and Homosassa Rivers was determined. Pumping at this rate from the Chassahowitzka River would cause a 15% reduction of average spring flow, resulting in an upstream movement of both the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 5-ppt of about 0.3 mile. In the Homosassa River, pumping would cause a 13% reduction of average spring flow, resulting in an upstream movement of both the vertically averaged 2-ppt and 5-ppt salinities of about 0.1 mile. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884044","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., and Knochenmus, L.A., 1989, Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4044, iv, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884044.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30420,"text":"wri894168 - 1989 - Selected quality assurance data for water samples collected by the US Geological Survey, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1980 to 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri894168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4168","title":"Selected quality assurance data for water samples collected by the US Geological Survey, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1980 to 1988","docAbstract":"Multiple water samples from 115 wells and 3 surface water sites were collected between 1980 and 1988 for the ongoing quality assurance program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The reported results from the six laboratories involved were analyzed for agreement using descriptive statistics. The constituents and properties included: tritium, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), strontium-90, americium-241, cesium-137, total dissolved chromium, selected dissolved trace metals, sodium, chloride, nitrate, selected purgeable organic compounds, and specific conductance. Agreement could not be calculated for purgeable organic compounds, trace metals, some nitrates and blank sample analyses because analytical uncertainties were not consistently reported. However, differences between results for most of these data were calculated. The blank samples were not analyzed for differences. The laboratory results analyzed using descriptive statistics showed a median agreement between all useable data pairs of 95%. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894168","usgsCitation":"Wegner, S., 1989, Selected quality assurance data for water samples collected by the US Geological Survey, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1980 to 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4168, v, 91 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894168.","productDescription":"v, 91 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6df9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wegner, S.J.","contributorId":36950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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