Ground-water resources of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation are facing increased development for domestic and public drinking-water supplies and for industrial use. Along with the increased demand for ground-water data to address water-rights issues, water-quality concerns, and water-management decisions. The increased demand for ground water and ground-water data highlighted the need for a better understanding of the reservations’s ground-water resources. To fulfill this need, a 3-year long investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation was made by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Blackfeet Water Resources Department.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ha737","isbn":"0607855401","usgsCitation":"Cannon, M.R., 1996, Geology and ground-water resources of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 737, 2 Plates: 39.50 x 46.00 inches and 39.50 x 45.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha737.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.50 x 46.00 inches and 39.50 x 45.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/737/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90130,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/737/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108677,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16206.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"16206"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Blackfeet Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.92382337824559,\n 49.00115786005651\n ],\n [\n -113.92382337824559,\n 47.9492225969058\n ],\n [\n -111.72750252269083,\n 47.9492225969058\n ],\n [\n -111.72750252269083,\n 49.00115786005651\n ],\n [\n -113.92382337824559,\n 49.00115786005651\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68518,"text":"ha738C - 1996 - Quality of ground water and surface water in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:26:22","indexId":"ha738C","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"738","chapter":"C","title":"Quality of ground water and surface water in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program is a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze regional ground-water systems that compose a major portion of the Nations water supply (Sun, 1986). The Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins is one of the study regions in this national program. The main objectives of the RASA studies are to: (1) describe the ground-water systems as they exist today, (2) analyze the known changes that have led to the system's present condition, (3) combine results of previous studies in a regional analysis, where possible, and (4) provide means by which effects of future ground-water development can be estimated.
The purpose of this study, which began in 1990, was to increase understanding of the hydrogeology of the intermontane basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains area. This report is Chapter C of a three-part series and describes the quality of ground water and surface water in the study area. Chapter A (Tuck and others, 1996) describes the geologic history and generalized hydrogeologic units. Chapter B (Briar and others, 1996) describes the general distribution of ground-water levels in basin-fill deposits.
Water-quality data illustrated in this report represent the distribution of concentrations and composition of dissolved solids in ground water and surface water in the intermontane areas. The chemistry of ground and surface water in the intermontane areas is influenced by the chemical and physical nature of the rocks in the basin deposits of the valleys and surrounding bedrock in the mountains.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96219","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Matheson, L.J., Guidetti, J., Visscher, P., Schaefer, J., and Oremland, R., 1996, Summary of research results on bacterial degradation of trifluoroacetate (TFA), October, 1993 - October, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-219, v, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96219.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matheson, Leah J.","contributorId":15233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matheson","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guidetti, J.R.","contributorId":72001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guidetti","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Visscher, P.T.","contributorId":21568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visscher","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24370,"text":"ofr95715 - 1996 - Hydrologic data at a wetland site, Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, June 1993 through June 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr95715","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-715","title":"Hydrologic data at a wetland site, Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, June 1993 through June 1994","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data at a wetland site near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, were collected from June 1993 through June 1994. The data were collected to support the efforts of the Tennessee Department of Transportation to better understand hydrologic properties at the site prior to wetland restoration. Water levels were monitored in thirteen 8-inch- diameter wells, approximately 2 feet deep. The casing in each well was slotted and screened from land surface to a depth of about 2 feet. Water-level recorders provided continuous records of stage during periods of wetland inundation, and depth to water table during periods of noninundation. A continuous-stage recorder was installed in a pond. Precipitation data were obtained from the Naval Air Station-Memphis, Millington, Tennessee. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 56 percent of the study period. Additionally, water levels in the wells were not more than 1.5 feet below land surface for 16 to 68 percent of the study period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95715","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., Diehl, T., and Stogner, R., 1996, Hydrologic data at a wetland site, Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, June 1993 through June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-715, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95715.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr95-715","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, T.H.","contributorId":89170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stogner, R.W.","contributorId":86378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28559,"text":"wri954277 - 1996 - Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1992 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri954277","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4277","title":"Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1992 balance year","docAbstract":"The 1992 measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances in the Gulkana Glacier basin were evaluated on the basis of meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data measured in the basin and are reported herein. Averaged over the glacier, the measured winter snow balance was 0.97 meters on March 26, 1992; the maximum winter snow balance was 1.05 meters on May 19, 1992; the net balance (from September 8, 1991 to August 17, 1992) was -0.29 meters; and the annual balance (October 1, 1991 to September 30, 1992) was -0.38 meters. Ice surface, motion, and altitude changes measured at three index sites document seasonal changes in ice speed and glacier thickness. Annual stream runoff was 1.24 meters averaged over the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954277","usgsCitation":"March, R., and Trabant, D., 1996, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1992 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4277, vi, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954277.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954277","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4277.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, R.S.","contributorId":16431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trabant, D.C.","contributorId":42209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25483,"text":"wri964018 - 1996 - Estimated depth to the water table and estimated rate of recharge in outcrops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers near Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:24:53","indexId":"wri964018","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4018","title":"Estimated depth to the water table and estimated rate of recharge in outcrops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers near Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"In 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, began a field study to determine the depth to the water table and to estimate the rate of recharge in outcrops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers near Houston, Texas. The study area comprises about 2,000 square miles of outcrops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in northwest Harris County, Montgomery County, and southern Walker County. Because of the scarcity of measurable water-table wells, depth to the water table below land surface was estimated using a surface geophysical technique, seismic refraction. The water table in the study area generally ranges from about 10 to 30 foot below land surface and typically is deeper in areas of relatively high land-surface altitude than in areas of relatively low land- surface altitude. The water table has demonstrated no long-term trends since ground-water development began, with the probable exception of the water table in the Katy area: There the water table is more than 75 feet deep, probably due to ground-water pumpage from deeper zones. An estimated rate of recharge in the aquifer outcrops was computed using the interface method in which environmental tritium is a ground-water tracer. The estimated average total recharge rate in the study area is 6 inches per year. This rate is an upper bound on the average recharge rate during the 37 years 1953-90 because it is based on the deepest penetration (about 80 feet) of postnuclear-testing tritium concentrations. The rate, which represents one of several components of a complex regional hydrologic budget, is considered reasonable but is not definitive because of uncertainty regarding the assumptions and parameters used in its computation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Noble, J.E., Bush, P.W., Kasmarek, M., and Barbie, D., 1996, Estimated depth to the water table and estimated rate of recharge in outcrops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers near Houston, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4018, Document: iii, 19 p.; Plate: 21 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964018.","productDescription":"Document: iii, 19 p.; Plate: 21 x 24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4018.jpg"},{"id":8708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri96-4018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8709,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri96-4018/pdf/wri96-4018_plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, J. E.","contributorId":6476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kasmarek, M. C.","contributorId":91532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbie, D.L.","contributorId":61459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbie","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":68031,"text":"ha736 - 1996 - Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:25:32","indexId":"ha736","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"736","title":"Geohydrology of the shallow aquifers in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Denver metropolitan area is underlain by shallow layers of water-bearing sediments (aquifers) consisting of unconsolidated gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The depth to water in these aquifers is less than 20 feet in much of the area, and the aquifers provide a ready source of water to numerous shallow, small-capacity wells. The shallow depth to water also makes the aquifers susceptible to contamination from the land surface. Water percolating downward from residential, commercial, and industrial property, spills of hazardous materials, and leaks from underground storage tanks and pipelines can cause contaminants to enter the shallow aquifers. Wet basements, unstable foundation materials, and waterlogged soils also are common in areas of very shallow ground water.
Knowledge of the extent, thickness, and water-table altitude of the shallow aquifers is incomplete. This, coupled with the complexity of development in this large metropolitan area, makes effective use, management, and protection of these aquifers extremely difficult. Mapping of the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of these aquifers would provide the general public and technical users with information needed to better use, manage, and protect this water resource. A study to map the geohydrology of shallow aquifers in the Denver metropolitan area was begun in 1994. The work was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army-Rocky Mountain Arsenal, U.S. Department of Energy-Rocky Flats Field Office, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Colorado Department of Natural Resources-State Engineers Office, Denver Water Department, Littleton-Englewood Wastewater Treatment Plant, East Cherry Creek Valley Water and Sanitation District, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Willows Water District, and the cities of Aurora, Lakewood, and Thornton.
This report presents the results of a systematic mapping of the extent, thickness, and water-table altitude of the shallow aquifers in a 700-square-mile part of the greater Denver metropolitan area (fig. 1). The five sheets in this report (figs. 2-7) show (1) the thickness and extent of the unconsolidated sediments that overlie bedrock formations in the area, (2) the altitude and configuration of the buried bedrock surface, (3) the altitude of the water table and direction of ground-water movement, (4) the saturated thickness of the shallow aquifers, and (5) the depth to the water table in the shallow aquifers. The maps primarily are intended to indicate the general trends in altitude and thickness of the aquifers and are not intended to define conditions at specific sites.
The hydrologic investigations atlas shows areas in and near Davenport, Iowa, that were flooded by the Mississippi River in 1993. This atlas also depicts the Federal Emergency Management Agency 100-year flood boundary. The drainage basin upstream from Mississippi River Lock and Dam 15 at Davenport received between 100 and 250 percent of normal rainfall from January through July, 1993. The profile of the maximum water-surface elevations of the 1993 flood in the Davenport area is less than the Federal Emergency Management Agency 100-year flood profile. The Mississippi River Lock and Dam 15 tailwater elevation was above the flood elevation from June 19 to July 31, 1993, but did not exceed the 100-year flood elevation. For most of the time during October 1992 through September 1993, the daily mean discharge of the Mississippi River at Clinton, Iowa, greatly exceeded the monthly mean discharges from October 1874 through September 1993, but was less than the 100-year flood discharge. The daily mean discharge at Keokuk, Iowa, exceeded the 100-year flood discharge for nearly the entire month of July 1993.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha735C","usgsCitation":"Schaap, B.D., 1996, Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River Basin—Flood of June 19-July 31, 1993, in Davenport, Iowa, and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 735, 1 Plate: 41.00 × 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha735C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.00 × 42.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":89261,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/735c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16201.htm"},{"id":190096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","city":"Davenport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.694,\n 41.439\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 41.439\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 41.533\n ],\n [\n -90.694,\n 41.533\n ],\n [\n -90.694,\n 41.439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab7e4b07f02db67046c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25476,"text":"wri954268 - 1996 - Environmental setting and factors that affect water quality in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:22:02.881798","indexId":"wri954268","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4268","title":"Environmental setting and factors that affect water quality in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit","docAbstract":"The Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit covers an area of nearly 62,000 square miles in the southeastern United States, mostly in the Coastal Plain physiographic province. Land resource provinces have been designated based on generalized soil classifications. Land resource provinces in the study area include: the Coastal Flatwoods, the Southern Coastal Plain, the Central Florida Ridge, the Sand Hills, and the Southern Piedmont. The study area includes all or parts of seven hydrologic subregions: the Ogeechee-Savannah, the Altamaha- St.Marys, the Suwannee, the Ochlockonee, the St. Johns, the Peace-Tampa Bay, and the Southern Florida. The primary source of water for public supply in the study area is ground water from the Upper Floridan aquifer. In 1990, more than 90 percent of the 2,888 million gallons per day of ground water used came from this aquifer. The population of the study area was 9.3 million in 1990. The cities of Jacksonville, Orlando, St. Petersburg, Tallahassee, and Tampa, Florida, and parts of Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia, are located in the study area. Forest and agricultural areas are the most common land uses in the study area, accounting for 48 percent and 25 percent of the study area, respectively. Climatic conditions range from temperate in Atlanta, Georgia, where mean annual temperature is about 61.3 degrees Fahrenheit, to subtropical in Tampa, Florida, where mean annual temperature is about 72.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Long-term average precipitation (1961-90) ranges from 43.9 inches per year in Tampa, Florida, and 44.6 in Macon, Georgia, to 65.7 inches per year in Tallahassee, Florida. Floods in the study area result from frontal systems, hurricanes, tropical storms, or severe thunderstorms. Droughts are not common in the study area,especially in the Florida part of the study area due to extensive maritime exposure. The primary physical and cultural characteristics in the study area include physiography, soils and land resource provinces, geologic setting, ground-water systems, surface- water systems, climate, floods, droughts, population, land use, and water use. Factors affecting water quality in the study area are land use (primarily urban and agricultural land uses), water use in coastal areas, hydrogeology, ground-water/surface-water interaction, geology, and climate. Surface-water quality problems in urban areas have occurred in the Ogeechee, Canoochee, Ocmulgee, St. Marys, Alapaha, Withlacoochee (north), Santa Fe, Ochlockonee, St. Johns, and Oklawaha Rivers and include nitrogen and phosphorus loading, low dissolved oxygen, elevated bacteria, sediment, and turbidity, and increased concentrations of metals. In agricultural areas, surface-water quality problems include elevated nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, erosion, and sedimentation and have occurred in the Ocmulgee, St. Marys, Santa Fe, Ochlockonee, St. Johns, Oklawaha, Withlacoochee (South), Hillsborough, and Alafia Rivers. Ground water-quality problems such as saltwater intrusion have occurred mostly in coastal areas and were caused by excessive withdrawals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954268","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M.P., Oaksford, E., Darst, M.R., and Marella, R., 1996, Environmental setting and factors that affect water quality in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4268, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954268.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48341.htm"},{"id":54202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4268/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.7210693359375,30.704058230919504],[-84.90234375,30.543338954230222],[-85.0177001953125,30.24957724046765],[-84.803466796875,30.164126343161097],[-84.627685546875,29.935895213372444],[-84.57275390625,29.859701442126756],[-84.44091796875,29.859701442126756],[-84.29809570312499,29.859701442126756],[-84.2926025390625,30.012030680358613],[-84.17724609375,30.035811042667792],[-83.990478515625,30.050076521698735],[-83.7322998046875,29.893043385434165],[-83.6224365234375,29.76914573606667],[-83.51806640624999,29.602118211647333],[-83.397216796875,29.415675471217877],[-83.2489013671875,29.377388403478992],[-83.1610107421875,29.233683670282787],[-83.0841064453125,29.1281717828162],[-82.8753662109375,29.10897615145302],[-82.77099609375,28.945668833650508],[-82.75451660156249,28.815799886487298],[-82.694091796875,28.671310915880834],[-82.694091796875,28.492833128965096],[-82.8094482421875,28.265682390146477],[-82.891845703125,28.164032516628076],[-82.869873046875,27.955591004642553],[-82.8973388671875,27.790491224830877],[-82.7874755859375,27.68352808378776],[-82.75451660156249,27.552111841284695],[-80.299072265625,27.571590861376308],[-80.2935791015625,27.649472352561876],[-80.37597656249999,27.848790459862073],[-80.52429199218749,28.105903469076186],[-80.540771484375,28.20760859532738],[-80.540771484375,28.318888915773826],[-80.5133056640625,28.386567819657213],[-80.46936035156249,28.44454394857482],[-80.518798828125,28.647210004919998],[-80.6341552734375,28.815799886487298],[-80.771484375,29.065772888415406],[-81.0406494140625,29.439597566602902],[-81.1614990234375,29.807284450222504],[-81.27685546875,30.107117887092357],[-81.3592529296875,30.5764500266181],[-81.34277343749999,30.873940237887624],[-81.32080078125,31.052933985705163],[-81.23291015625,31.22689446881399],[-81.19445800781249,31.358327833411312],[-81.14501953125,31.48020882071693],[-81.03515625,31.648705289976853],[-80.958251953125,31.835565983656227],[-80.85937499999999,31.94750122367064],[-80.782470703125,32.00341778396365],[-80.8978271484375,32.0732655510424],[-81.046142578125,32.115148622612445],[-81.1175537109375,32.16166284018013],[-81.112060546875,32.2546200600072],[-81.0955810546875,32.30570601389429],[-81.177978515625,32.43097672054704],[-81.1669921875,32.47732919639942],[-81.24938964843749,32.537551746769],[-81.34277343749999,32.59773394005744],[-81.4031982421875,32.648625783736726],[-81.39770507812499,32.76880048488168],[-81.4031982421875,32.86574639547474],[-81.441650390625,32.95797741405952],[-81.4801025390625,33.04550781490999],[-81.5899658203125,33.1329513125159],[-81.73278808593749,33.15594830078649],[-81.88110351562499,33.330528249028085],[-82.06787109374999,33.41310221370827],[-82.28759765625,33.348884792201694],[-82.5732421875,33.22949814144951],[-83.056640625,33.25706340236547],[-83.33129882812499,33.0178760185549],[-83.507080078125,32.80574473290688],[-83.82568359375,32.722598604044066],[-83.66638183593749,32.263910555201306],[-83.7652587890625,32.05464469054932],[-83.8421630859375,31.76086695137955],[-84.19921875,31.353636941500987],[-84.6826171875,30.869225348040825],[-84.7210693359375,30.704058230919504]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berndt, M. P.","contributorId":74761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oaksford, E. T.","contributorId":64284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oaksford","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darst, M. R.","contributorId":75187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darst","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marella, R. L.","contributorId":34164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":68013,"text":"ha735D - 1996 - Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River Basin — Flood of June 18 through August 4, 1993, in Des Moines and vicinity, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T20:48:04.030372","indexId":"ha735D","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"735","chapter":"D","title":"Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River Basin — Flood of June 18 through August 4, 1993, in Des Moines and vicinity, Iowa","docAbstract":"This hydrologic investigations atlas shows the areas in and near Des Moines, Iowa, that were flooded by the Des Moines and the Raccoon Rivers and Walnut, Fourmile, and Beaver Creeks from June 18 through August 4, 1993. This map also depicts the Federal Emergency Management Agency 100-year flood boundaries. The area drained by the Des Moines River upstream from Des Moines received more than 100 percent of normal rainfall in May, June, and July, 1993. At Boone, which is located about 35 miles north-northeast of Des Moines, July rainfall was 424 percent of normal. The discharges at streamflow- gaging stations on the Des Moines River near Stratford, downstream from Saylorville Lake, and at Des Moines are shown. The cumulative discharge for inflow-gaging stations in the Des Moines area and discharge for the Des Moines River below the Raccoon River at Des Moines from July 8 through 21, 1993, are shown. The water-surface elevations of Saylorville Lake from June 18 through August 4, 1993, are shown. Profiles of the maximum water- surface elevations of the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers during the 1993 flood in Des Moines and vicinity are higher than the respective Federal Emergency Management Agency 100- and 500-year flood profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha735D","usgsCitation":"Schaap, B.D., 1996, Delineation of flooding within the upper Mississippi River Basin — Flood of June 18 through August 4, 1993, in Des Moines and vicinity, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 735, 2 Plates: 30.00 × 41.00 inches and 36.50 × 47.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha735D.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.00 × 41.00 inches and 36.50 × 47.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":89260,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/735d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89259,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/735d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Des Moines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.74977111816406,\n 41.75031186312044\n ],\n [\n -93.74977111816406,\n 41.51577568269484\n ],\n [\n -93.65982055664062,\n 41.54815851009314\n ],\n [\n -93.57536315917967,\n 41.54610293952231\n ],\n [\n -93.4991455078125,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -93.50120544433594,\n 41.6682956292328\n ],\n [\n -93.59458923339844,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -93.63990783691406,\n 41.75133640385731\n ],\n [\n -93.74977111816406,\n 41.75031186312044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab4e4b07f02db67005a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27446,"text":"wri954273 - 1996 - Effects of increased urbanization from 1970's to 1990's on storm-runoff characteristics in Perris Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri954273","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4273","title":"Effects of increased urbanization from 1970's to 1990's on storm-runoff characteristics in Perris Valley, California","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Perris Valley, California, have more than tripled during the last 20 years. To quantify the effects of increased urbanization on storm runoff volumes and peak discharges, rainfall-runoff models of the basin were developed to simulate runoff for 1970-75 and 1990-93 conditions. Hourly rainfall data for 1949-93 were used with the rainfall-runoff models to simulate a long-term record of storm runoff. The hydrologic effects of increased urbanization from 1970-75 to 1990-93 were analyzed by comparing the simulated annual peak discharges and volumes, and storm runoff peaks, frequency of annual peak discharges and runoff volumes, and duration of storm peak discharges for each study period. A Log-Pearson Type-III frequency analysis was calculated using the simulated annual peaks to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals. The estimated 2-year discharge at the outlet of the basin was 646 cubic feet per second for the 1970-75 conditions and 1,328 cubic feet per second for the 1990-93 conditions. The 100-year discharge at the outlet of the basin was about 14,000 cubic feet per second for the 1970-75 and 1990-93 conditions. The station duration analysis used 925 model-simulated storm peaks from each basin to estimate the percent chance a peak discharge is exceeded. At the outlet of the basin, the chances of exceeding 100 cubic feet per second were about 33 percent under 1970-75 conditions and about 59 percent under 1990-93 conditions. The chance of exceeding 2,500 cubic feet per second at the outlet of the basin was less than 1 percent higher under the 1990-93 conditions than under the 1970-75 conditions. The increase in urbanization from the early 1970's to the early 1990's more than doubled the peak discharges with a 2-year return period. However, peak discharges with return periods greater than 50 years were not significantly affected by the change in urbanization.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954273","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., 1996, Effects of increased urbanization from 1970's to 1990's on storm-runoff characteristics in Perris Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4273, v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954273.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guay, J. R.","contributorId":108127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22607,"text":"ofr96184 - 1996 - Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr96184","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-184","title":"Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1995","docAbstract":"References to 898 water-resources publications are listed alphabetically by senior author and indexed by hydrographic-area name or other geographic features. Most of the publications were written between 1960 and 1995 by U.S. Geological Survey scientists and engineers of the Water Resources Division, Nevada District. Also included are references to publications by other Water Resources Division authors that deal with Nevada hydrology. References to publications written before 1960 are included to provide a historical perspective. The references include several types of Geological Survey book and map publications, as well as State-series reports, journal articles, conference and symposium papers, abstracts, and graduate- degree theses. Information on publication availability is provided also.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96184","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bunch, R., 1996, Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-184, iii, 64 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96184.","productDescription":"iii, 64 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62526d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunch, R.L.","contributorId":90724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38233,"text":"pp1422B - 1996 - Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38233,"text":"pp1422B - 1996 - Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","indexId":"pp1422B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:11:55","indexId":"pp1422B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1422","chapter":"B","title":"Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","docAbstract":"Inferences are drawn about properties of aquifer systems from the interpretation of streamflow records in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces. The analysis is divided into two parts--analysis of streamflow recession and base-flow analysis. Analysis of recession yields information about aquifer diffusivity and variation in specific yield. Base-flow analysis is used to develop water balances for representative basins in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1422B","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., and Mesko, T.O., 1996, Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1422, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1422B.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","startPage":"B1","endPage":"B58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -76.79443359375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesko, T. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and hydrogeology of urban and urbanizing areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Institute of Hydrology Conference","conferenceDate":"April 21-24, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Boston, Mass","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"Boston, Mass","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Andrews, W., Fallon, J.D., and Kroening, S., 1996, Volatile organic compounds in surface water and ground water in parts of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1998-94, in Hydrology and hydrogeology of urban and urbanizing areas, Boston, Mass, April 21-24, 1996, p. 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R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroening, S. E.","contributorId":31793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207764,"text":"70207764 - 1996 - Effects of nutrients and hydroperiod on Typha, Cladium, and Eleocharis: Implications for everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T14:23:20","indexId":"70207764","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T14:12:54","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of nutrients and hydroperiod on Typha, Cladium, and Eleocharis: Implications for everglades restoration","title":"Effects of nutrients and hydroperiod on Typha, Cladium, and Eleocharis: Implications for everglades restoration","docAbstract":"The recent expansion of Typha domingensis (Typha) into areas of the Everglades previously dominated by Cladium jamaicense (Cladium) communities has led to competing hypotheses about the importance of nutrient concentration vs. hydroperiod in controlling the distribution of these species. In this study, experimental mixtures of Typha domingensis, Cladium jamaicense, and Eleocharis interstincta (Eleocharis), a member of the Cladium community, were subjected to two levels of nutrient concentration and three contrasting hydroperiods to determine how these variables might affect Typha's ability to displace the Cladium community. Mixtures of the three species were established in outdoor tanks containing soil from the northern Everglades region where the experiment was conducted. Nutrient treatments consisted of nutrient additions to adjust ambient water concentrations to either 50 μg/L phosphorus (P) or 100 μg/L P plus nitrogen (N). The three hydroperiods were achieved by maintaining water depths within ranges observed in the northern Everglades. Maximum water depths of 15, 30, and 60 cm were established throughout the wet season (May‐November) followed by lowering to 5 cm during the dry season. Over a 2‐yr period, biomass was monitored nondestructively and aboveground material was harvested at the end of the experiment. Analysis of the biomass changes over time showed that differences between the species developed by the end of the first growing season. Typha and Eleocharis had initial growth rates substantially higher than those observed for Cladium. Typha's growth in mixtures responded positively to both elevated nutrients (by as much as 45%) as well as to increased water depth (by as much as 60%), while Cladium and Eleocharis did not increase in response to these variables. Tissue P concentrations were found to be higher for Typha and Eleocharis than for Cladium under nearly all conditions. Net accumulation of P in Typha shoots was 2‐3 times greater than in the other species. The enhancement of Typha by elevated nutrients and increased flooding is associated with a syndrome of life history characteristics that includes rapid growth rates, high tissue concentrations of P, tall leaves, and a greater response to contrasting environmental conditions. Cladium, in contrast, showed a slow growth rate, low tissue concentrations of P, a greater capacity to resist invasion by Typha in shallow waters, and less of a growth response to contrasting environmental conditions, traits that would seem to be well suited to the nutrient‐poor, hydrologically unstable conditions natural to the Everglades. Results from this study suggest that attempts to limit the spread of Typha should consider hydrologic restoration as well as reduction in surface water nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2269482","usgsCitation":"Newman, S., Grace, J.B., and Koebel, J.W., 1996, Effects of nutrients and hydroperiod on Typha, Cladium, and Eleocharis: Implications for everglades restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 6, no. 3, p. 774-783, https://doi.org/10.2307/2269482.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"783","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.33752441406249,\n 26.696545111585152\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 26.522192867724723\n ],\n [\n -81.3812255859375,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 25.23972731233395\n ],\n [\n -81.1175537109375,\n 25.090573819461\n ],\n [\n -80.71929931640624,\n 25.12787928859755\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.249664387120884\n ],\n [\n -80.35125732421875,\n 26.09625490696853\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 26.536937135265685\n ],\n [\n -80.33752441406249,\n 26.696545111585152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koebel, J. W.","contributorId":221626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koebel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21778,"text":"ofr96110 - 1996 - Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T09:55:46","indexId":"ofr96110","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-110","displayTitle":"Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","title":"Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada","docAbstract":"Movement of agricultural chemicals alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and metolachlor between surface water and ground water is documented by data collected from May 1989 through July 1991 at an unfarmed study site adjacent to the Cedar River in Iowa. During periods of runoff, these chemicals moved from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer with bank-storage water. Results of simulation of ground-water flow conditions during March-April 1990 indicated that bank-storage water moving through the river bottom accounted for 70 percent of the total bank-storage water, whereas the remaining 30 percent moved through the riverbank. The largest concentrations of the chemicals in bank-storage water during 1990 were: alachlor, 2.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L); atrazine, 4.7 μg/L; cyanazine, 3.2 μg/L; deethylatrazine, 0.54 μg/L; deisopropylatrazine, 0.33 μg/L; and metolachlor, 2.2 μg/L. Larger concentrations of some herbicides and their metabolites were detected in the ground water after the study site was inundated by floodwater between June and August 1990. The concentrations in a water sample from one well after this flooding on February 5, 1991, were: alachlor, 0.06 μg/L; atrazine, 18 μg/L; cyanazine, 1.3 μg/L; deethylatrazine, 1.4 μg/L; deisopropylatrazine, 0.40 μg/L; and metolachlor, 7.0 μg/L.
\nDuring base-flow conditions, the movement of agricultural chemicals from ground water to surface water was quantified for two periods of time in 1989 and 1990 along a 117-kilometer reach of the Cedar River. The principal source of atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and metolachlor in the Cedar River during base flow was ground water discharged directly from the alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River. This discharge exceeded the combined tributary inflow of the chemicals along the entire reach.
\nBank storage is probably an important source of agricultural chemicals discharged from the alluvial aquifer but becomes depleted with time after surface runoff. Herbicides discharged from the alluvial aquifer during periods of extended base flow entered the alluvial aquifer with ground-water recharge at some distance from the river. The movement of nitrate between surface water and ground water is minor, when compared to the herbicides, even though nitrite was detected in the Cedar River during runoff.
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Wolf Branch drains a 4.94 square mile area and directly recharges the Upper Floridan aquifer through Wolf Sink. Because of the direct connection of the sinkhole with the aquifer, a contaminant spill in the basin could pose a threat to the aquifer. The Wolf Branch drainage basin varies in hydrologic characteristics from its headwaters to its terminus at Wolf Sink. Ground- water seepage provides baseflow to the stream north of Wolf Branch Road, but the stream south of State Road 46 is intermittent and the stream can remain dry for months. A single culvert under a railroad crossing conducts flow from wetlands just south of State Road 46 to a well-defined channel which leads to Wolf Sink. The basin morphology is characterized by karst terrain, with many closed depressions which can provide intermittent surface-water storage. Wetlands in the lower third of the basin (south of State Road 46) also provide surface water storage. The presence of numerous water-control structures (impoundments, canals, and culverts), and the surface-water storage capacity throughout the basin affects the flow characteristics of Wolf Branch. Streamflow records for two stations (one above and one below major wetlands in the basin) indicate the flow about State Road 46 is characterized by rapid runoff and continuous baseflow, whereas below State Road 46, peak discharges are much lower but of longer duration than at the upstream station. Rainfall, discharge, ground-water level, and surface-water level data were collected at selected sites in the basin. Hydrologic conditions during the study ranged from long dry periods when there was no inflow to Wolf Sink, to very wet periods, as when nearly 7 inches of rain fell in a 2-day period in November 1994, following an extended wet season. A comparison to long-term rainfall record (40 years) indicates that this range in hydrologic conditions during the 4-year study is representative of the range of conditions expected during a much longer time period. Two dye-trace studies conducted during the study indicated no direct connections between the sink and local wells. The path of a constituent entering the aquifer through Wolf Sink generally would be to the east, following the gradient of the regional ground-water flow system. The conductance of Wolf Sink (the rate at which the sink conducts water to the underlying aquifer) was estimated from streamflow data, ground-water levels, and water levels in Wolf Sink. The range of hydrologic conditions during the study provided a basis for the determination of a representative conductance value. The regression of streamflow as a function of head difference between the sink water level and the potentiometric surface at an observation well (an approximation of the potentiometric level beneath Wolf Sink) resulted in a significant relation r2=0.91, mean square error = 1.60 cubic feet per second); and the slope of the regression line, representing sink conductance, was 1.48 cubic feet per second per foot of head difference. Flow and storm-volume frequency curves for selected time periods (1-day, 7-days, 14-days, 21-days, and 30-days) were generated based on streamflow data from January 10, 1992, to September 30, 1995. These curves indicate that, based on the available record, the volume of water that would have to be stored (in the event that streamflow had to be diverted from Wolf Sink) during a 30-day period would be equal to or less than about 11 acre-fee 30 percent of the time and 161 acre-feet 80 percent of the time. The maximum volume that would be generated during a 30-day period, based on this study, would be about 570 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96143","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D., 1996, Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-143, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96143.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53536,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24815,"text":"ofr96111 - 1996 - A nitrogen-rich septage-effluent plume in a coastal aquifer, marsh, and creek system, Orleans, Massachusetts; project summary, 1988-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr96111","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-111","title":"A nitrogen-rich septage-effluent plume in a coastal aquifer, marsh, and creek system, Orleans, Massachusetts; project summary, 1988-95","docAbstract":"A report summarizing the major findings of an ongoing study of a nitrogen-rich septage-effluent plume in Orleans, Massachusetts has been published. The study is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Watershed Management, with additional support from the Cape Cod Commission. The report describes the history of the septage-effluent plume in the coastal aquifer and the results of baseline water-quality, sediment, and vegetation monitoring in Namskaket Marsh and Namskaket Creek, the expected discharge areas for the effluent plume. Namskaket Marsh has been recognized by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern, and Namskaket Creek, which flows through the marsh, has been designated as an Outstanding Resource Water. Peter Weiskel, U.S. Geological Survey hydrologist and principal author of the report, said that discharge of effluent from the treatment facility since February 1990 has resulted in a plume of nitrogen-rich (10 to 40 milligrams of nitrogen per liter) ground water that is travelling at about 0.4 feet per day westward and northwestward toward Namskaket Marsh and Cape Cod Bay. Seepage zones near the marsh-upland boundary and the bottoms of Namskaket Creek and tributaries are the most likely discharge areas for the effluent plume. High rates of ground-water discharge (averaging 0.30 gallon per square foot per hour) have been measured in these zones during the ebb-tide. Measurements of nitrate uptake by sediments in these zones indicate considerable potential for nitrate removal during plume discharge through these zones. The marsh vegetation is dominated by Phragmites australis (common reed) in the seepage zone near the upland boundary, and by Spartina patens (salt-meadow grass) in the interior areas of the marsh. Further study is required to (1) continue mapping the progress of the plume toward the marsh and creek, (1) define the potential nitrogen-removal capacity of the marsh, and (3) monitor the possible future effects of the plume on the water quality and vegetation of the marsh.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96111","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P., DeSimone, L., and Howes, B., 1996, A nitrogen-rich septage-effluent plume in a coastal aquifer, marsh, and creek system, Orleans, Massachusetts; project summary, 1988-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-111, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96111.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0111/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, P.K.","contributorId":36959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, L.A.","contributorId":79132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howes, B.L.","contributorId":41854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howes","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24210,"text":"ofr9649 - 1996 - Compositions and metal loadings from several seeps at the Summitville Mine: Preliminary results of sampling in August, 1995, and comparison to August, 1994 results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T14:37:10","indexId":"ofr9649","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-49","title":"Compositions and metal loadings from several seeps at the Summitville Mine: Preliminary results of sampling in August, 1995, and comparison to August, 1994 results","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9649","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G., Smith, K., and Montour, M., 1996, Compositions and metal loadings from several seeps at the Summitville Mine: Preliminary results of sampling in August, 1995, and comparison to August, 1994 results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-49, ii, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9649.","productDescription":"ii, 6 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Grande County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.6963,37.833],[-106.5868,37.8344],[-106.585,37.7483],[-106.585,37.7465],[-106.4784,37.7475],[-106.3644,37.7474],[-106.3149,37.748],[-106.2963,37.748],[-106.277,37.7481],[-106.2584,37.7481],[-106.149,37.7483],[-106.0384,37.7479],[-106.0389,37.66],[-106.0383,37.5761],[-106.0383,37.5199],[-106.0383,37.4905],[-106.0377,37.3998],[-106.1634,37.3992],[-106.1848,37.3992],[-106.2561,37.3991],[-106.3545,37.3988],[-106.3632,37.3983],[-106.3806,37.3983],[-106.4582,37.3976],[-106.4872,37.397],[-106.6013,37.3965],[-106.6673,37.3957],[-106.6755,37.3957],[-106.7079,37.3946],[-106.7082,37.4218],[-106.7084,37.4435],[-106.7084,37.4476],[-106.7087,37.4843],[-106.7107,37.5732],[-106.7128,37.662],[-106.6918,37.6621],[-106.6932,37.7509],[-106.6963,37.833]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rio Grande\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montour, M. R.","contributorId":50551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montour","given":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}