Streamflow and stream-quality data were collected for surface water in the coal-mining region of the Patoka River basin. Data were collected primarily in Pike County.
\nData were collected 4 times at 29 surface-water sites during different seasons and conditions of Streamflow. Data were collected August 1983, July 1984, December 1984, and February through March 1985. Six sites were on the Patoka River. Although the percentage of drainage from coal-mined lands increases from the upstream to the downstream sites, the major land use for all sites on the Patoka River is agriculture. Ten sites were on 8 tributaries to the Patoka River (excluding the South Fork Patoka River), 3 sites were on the South Fork Patoka River (the largest tributary to the Patoka River), and 10 sites were on 10 tributaries to the South Fork Patoka River. The major land use for these sites is coal mining.
\nData obtained at the sites included instantaneous Streamflow, pH, specific conductance, dissolved-oxygen concentration, water temperature and concentrations of alkalinity and hot acidity. Water samples were collected and analyzed to determine the concentrations of dissolved sulfate; dissolved, suspended, and total recoverable iron and manganese; dissolved solids; suspended sediment; and suspended sediment finer than 0.0625-millimeter diameter.
\nStreamflow in the Patoka River has been regulated since 1978 by Patoka Lake. Flow-duration analyses indicate that flow regulation by Patoka Lake generally has increased low streamflows and decreased high streamflows in the Patoka River.
\nWhen compared to sites on the tributaries, sites on the Patoka River generally had smaller values for specific conductance and concentrations of chemical constituents. Sites on the tributaries to the Patoka River (including the South Fork Patoka and its tributaries) had larger values due to the physical and chemical weathering of coal-mined material in their basins. Generally, for sites on the Patoka River, values of specific conductance and concentrations of dissolved sulfate and dissolved, suspended, and total recoverable manganese increased from the upstream to the downstream sites.
\nFor the tributary sites, pH was near neutral at 11 sites (median pH value of 7.3 for all samplings), pH was low at 8 sites (median pH value of 3.7 for all samplings), and pH was variable at 3 sites depending on Streamflow. At sites where pH was near neutral, when compared with sites where pH was low, specific conductance and concentrations of alkalinity, dissolved sulfate, suspended iron, suspended manganese, dissolved solids, and suspended sediment generally were larger, and concentrations of acidity, dissolved iron, total recoverable iron, dissolved manganese, and total manganese generally were smaller. At those sites where pH varied with streamflow, concentrations of chemical constituents also varied.
\nFor sites on the Patoka River, loads of dissolved sulfate, total recoverable manganese, and dissolved solids generally increased from the upstream to the downstream sites; loads of total recoverable iron were variable. Generally, there was an inverse relation of streamflow to concentrations of chemical constituents the greater the streamflow, the smaller the concentrations. For sites on the tributaries, there was an inverse relation of streamflow to specific conductance and to concentrations of alkalinity, acidity, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids and a direct relation of streamflow to concentrations of dissolved, suspended, and total iron.
\nData collected from 1965 through 1968 and during May and October 1979 were compared with data collected during the time of the study (1983-85). Few historical data were available, and those that were available were only for selected sites. Data for pH, alkalinity, acidity, and dissolved sulfate indicate minimal or no change in these constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri884150","usgsCitation":"Renn, D., 1989, Streamflow and stream quality in the coal-mining region, Patoka River basin, southwestern Indiana, 1983-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4150, v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884150.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Patoka River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.66540527343749,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -87.6544189453125,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -86.48368835449219,\n 38.460578736069024\n ],\n [\n -86.48231506347656,\n 38.25813229639681\n ],\n [\n -87.66540527343749,\n 38.25974980039479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, D.E.","contributorId":36941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30618,"text":"wri884116 - 1989 - Effects of river discharge and high-tide stage on salinity intrusion in the Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River estuaries, southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:20:43.62085","indexId":"wri884116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4116","title":"Effects of river discharge and high-tide stage on salinity intrusion in the Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River estuaries, southwest Florida","docAbstract":"The Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee Rivers are coastal streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico that may be affected by either future surface water or groundwater withdrawals. Reduction of river discharge will affect the upstream extent of saltwater intrusion in the rivers; however, under certain reduced low-flow discharges, the estimated change in upstream extent of saltwater intrusion is on the order of several tenths of a mile and frequently is within the range of predicted error. Data on flow, tides, and salinity describe the physical characteristics of the Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River systems. Vertical and longitudinal salinity profiles indicate that salinity of the rivers increases downstream and varies substantially at any given location. The Weeki Wachee River system is the best mixed of the three. The Crystal River system exhibited the next best mixed system, and the Withlacoochee River system exhibited the most variation in its salinity regime. The daily maximum upstream extent of salinity intrusion is described by multiple linear-regression analysis based on daily mean streamflow of each river and high-tide stage of the gulf. The equations are used to show the effects of discharge on the daily maximum upstream extent of salinity intrusion in the rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884116","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., and Knochenmus, L.A., 1989, Effects of river discharge and high-tide stage on salinity intrusion in the Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River estuaries, southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4116, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884116.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47032.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Weekee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River estuaries","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.75,\n 29.1167\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 28.4364\n ],\n [\n -82.4217,\n 28.4364\n ],\n [\n -82.4217,\n 29.1167\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 29.1167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30479,"text":"wri894039 - 1989 - Streamflow at selected gaging stations on the James River in North Dakota and South Dakota, 1953-82, with a section on climatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:43:20","indexId":"wri894039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4039","title":"Streamflow at selected gaging stations on the James River in North Dakota and South Dakota, 1953-82, with a section on climatology","docAbstract":"Historic stream flow data were compiled and record extension techniques were used, when necessary, to develop a monthly stream flow record for 1953-82 at streamflow-gaging stations on the James River in North Dakota and South Dakota. The record extension techniques included both Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1 and Ordinary Least Squares.
In addition to the historic stream flow record, synthesized unregulated streamflow was computed for gaging stations on the James River for 1953-82 by eliminating the effects of Jamestown Reservoir, Pipestem Reservoir, Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and the consumptive surface-water withdrawals. Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1, Ordinary Least Squares regression, water-balance procedures, and drainage-area ratio methods were used to compute the unregulated streamflows.
Mean annual historic stream flow of the James River at Jamestown is about 7,000 acre-feet less than the mean annual unregulated streamflow. Mean monthly unregulated streamflow is greater than mean monthly historic streamflow during March, April, and May; during all other months, unregulated stream flow is less than historic streamflow.
The climate during 1953-82 was compared to the climate records, which range in length from 53 to 102 years, in the James River basin to determine if the climate during 1953-82 was similar to the climate that has occurred during the last 90 years. On the basis of the climate analysis, the data-development period (1953-82) does not represent an abnormally wet or dry period. Thus, the streamflow during the data-development period represents a range of streamflows that might be expected to occur during the last 90 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894039","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Benson, R.D., and Emerson, D.G., 1989, Streamflow at selected gaging stations on the James River in North Dakota and South Dakota, 1953-82, with a section on climatology: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4039, Report: v, 99 p.; Plate: 10.34 x 16.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894039.","productDescription":"Report: v, 99 p.; Plate: 10.34 x 16.30 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59262,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, Rick D.","contributorId":60303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29081,"text":"wri894045 - 1989 - Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:45:06","indexId":"wri894045","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4045","title":"Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"During March through October 1986, 52,560 acre-feet of water passed the continuous-record stream gaging station on the Clearwater River near Clearbrook, Minnesota, 4.8 river miles upstream from the Red Lake Indian Reservation. Flow at the downstream boundary of the Reservation totaled 93,770 acre-feet. The increase in Clearwater River flow in the reach bordering the Reservation equaled 32,950 acre-feet; 60 percent of the increase occurred during March, April, and May. During those months, flow in the Clearwater River was augmented by flow from Kiwosay Reservoir and Butcher Knife Creek, which are located on the Reservation. Daily streamflow records showed that flow in the river increased in the Reservation reach throughout the study except for 13 days during October when losses occurred. At the downstream Reservation boundary, all daily mean flows exceeded the 36 cubic feet per second minimum flow required by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for the gaging station at Plummer, Minnesota located 29.9 miles downstream from the Reservation boundary. Monthly flows generally followed expected seasonal trends, with the highest monthly totals occurring in April and May and the lowest monthly totals occurring during August, September, and October. Seasonal trends were modified by reservoir releases, withdrawals for irrigation, and return flows that resulted from drainage of adjacent wild-rice fields. A series of flow measurements showed that localized withdrawals and return flows at times exceeded 20 percent of total streamflow. Discharge measurements made during low flow indicated higher rates of groundwater discharge in the vicinity of the Kiwosay Reservoir than in other parts of the study reach. Measurements made during August indicated that groundwater discharge in the reach of the river bordering the Reservation resulted in a flow gain of about 20 percent. Analysis of long-term streamflow records showed that near-average hydrologic conditions prevailed during the study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894045","usgsCitation":"Payne, G.A., 1989, Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4045, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894045.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.08,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -95.33,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -96.08,\n 47.875\n ],\n [\n -96.08,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aefaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29060,"text":"wri884139 - 1989 - Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4139","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","docAbstract":"The groundwater system at Anchorage, Alaska was analyzed by using a two-layer three-dimensional mathematical model. By use of existing data, both nonpumping and pumping steady-state conditions and transient conditions were simulated. Under steady-state conditions, calculated directions of groundwater flow were similar to observed flow patterns, and calculated stream discharges generally were within 10% of observed values. However, in many parts of the modeled area computed hydraulic head values were more than 20 ft higher or lower than observed values. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are the most sensitive hydraulic parameters under steady-state conditions. Under steady-state conditions, a pumping rate of 18.8 Mgal/d lowers heads in the confined aquifer by as much as 30 ft, but reduces streamflow by less than 5%. Transient conditions show that drawndowns due to withdrawals by production wells follow similar patterns of nearby observation wells. On the basis of analytical techniques, the confining layer does not appear to hold significant quantities of water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884139","usgsCitation":"Patrick, L., Brabets, T.P., and Glass, R.L., 1989, Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4139, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884139.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64852f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Leslie","contributorId":36136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30396,"text":"wri894001 - 1989 - Hydraulic data for shallow open-channel flow in a high-gradient flume with large bed material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T12:03:49","indexId":"wri894001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4001","title":"Hydraulic data for shallow open-channel flow in a high-gradient flume with large bed material","docAbstract":"Hydraulic data for shallow open-channel flow in a high-gradient flume with large bed material are reported. The bed surface consists of natural rock having particle-size range of 0.15 to 0.75 ft. Two different bed-surface configuration (roughness) were tested. The bed material was stable for all discharges. The flume wall was composed of smooth plastic and aluminum, and the test channel was 6 ft wide and 108 ft long. Longitudinal test slopes ranged from 0.008 to 0.018. Hydraulic data are reported for 103 runs with surface flows ranging from 0.7 to 32.1 cu ft/sec and for 11 runs with subsurface flows ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 cu ft/sec. Hydraulic data for all runs include water surface elevation and average bed elevation at 10 cross sections and test discharge. Detail velocity measurements at two or more cross sections are reported for selected runs. The bed-material data include shape and size properties of the rock, detailed topographic measurements of the bed surface for each of the two roughnesses that were tested, and 14 statistical parameters computed from the topographic measurements. The statistical parameters include the mean elevation of the bed, the skew of the elevations, the kurtosis of the elevations, and the standard deviation from the arithmetic mean elevation for each station. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894001","usgsCitation":"Watts, F.J., 1989, Hydraulic data for shallow open-channel flow in a high-gradient flume with large bed material: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4001, v, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894001.","productDescription":"v, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4001/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276441,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4001/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Fred J.","contributorId":34971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29043,"text":"wri894082 - 1989 - Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics at selected sites in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri894082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4082","title":"Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics at selected sites in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","docAbstract":"Estimates of streamflow characteristics (monthly mean flow that is exceeded 90, 80, 50, and 20 percent of the time for all years of record and mean monthly flow) were made and are presented in tabular form for 312 sites in the Missouri River basin in Montana. Short-term gaged records were extended to the base period of water years 1937-86, and were used to estimate monthly streamflow characteristics at 100 sites. Data from 47 gaged sites were used in regression analysis relating the streamflow characteristics to basin characteristics and to active-channel width. The basin-characteristics equations, with standard errors of 35% to 97%, were used to estimate streamflow characteristics at 179 ungaged sites. The channel-width equations, with standard errors of 36% to 103%, were used to estimate characteristics at 138 ungaged sites. Streamflow measurements were correlated with concurrent streamflows at nearby gaged sites to estimate streamflow characteristics at 139 ungaged sites. In a test using 20 pairs of gages, the standard errors ranged from 31% to 111%. At 139 ungaged sites, the estimates from two or more of the methods were weighted and combined in accordance with the variance of individual methods. When estimates from three methods were combined the standard errors ranged from 24% to 63 %. A drainage-area-ratio adjustment method was used to estimate monthly streamflow characteristics at seven ungaged sites. The reliability of the drainage-area-ratio adjustment method was estimated to be about equal to that of the basin-characteristics method. The estimate were checked for reliability. Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics from gaged records were considered to be most reliable, and estimates at sites with actual flow record from 1937-86 were considered to be completely reliable (zero error). Weighted-average estimates were considered to be the most reliable estimates made at ungaged sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894082","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Johnson, D., and Hull, J.A., 1989, Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics at selected sites in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4082, iv, 103 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894082.","productDescription":"iv, 103 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5ca667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29041,"text":"wri894165 - 1989 - Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri894165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4165","title":"Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","docAbstract":"Estimates of mean monthly and mean annual streamflow were made for 56 selected sites in the Musselshell River basin and 1 site outside the basin. The study area was divided into a Mountain Region and a Plains Region and the estimation methods were applied separately in the two regions. Four methods were developed to estimate mean monthly streamflow at ungaged sites. The first method was based on the regression relation between mean monthly streamflow and various basin and climatic characteristics. The standard errors ranged from 35 to 71% in the Mountain Region and from 98 to 157% in the Plains Region. The second method was based on the regression relations between mean monthly streamflow and active-channel width. The standard errors ranged from 38 to 81% in the Mountain Region and from 71 to 98% in the Plains Region. The third method was based on correlation of measured streamflow at ungaged sites with concurrent daily mean streamflow at nearby gaged sites. The standard errors ranged from 36 to 66% in the Mountain Region and from 109 to 321% in the Plains Region. The fourth method, generally the most reliable, estimated mean monthly streamflows by weighing individual estimates in accordance with their variance and degree of independence. The standard error for this method when all three individual estimates were weighed ranged from 25 to 55% in the Mountain Region and from 71 to 97% in the Plains Region. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894165","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Johnson, D., 1989, Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4165, iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894165.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcaa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29419,"text":"wri854225C - 1989 - Floods of October 1983 in southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri854225C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4225","chapter":"C","title":"Floods of October 1983 in southeastern Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distibutor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854225C","usgsCitation":"Roeske, R., Garrett, J.M., and Eychaner, J.H., 1989, Floods of October 1983 in southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4225, v, 77 p. :chiefly ill. (some col.) ;22 x 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854225C.","productDescription":"v, 77 p. :chiefly ill. (some col.) ;22 x 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4225c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4225c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeske, R.H.","contributorId":72366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeske","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, Joanne M.","contributorId":51796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eychaner, James H.","contributorId":102050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29024,"text":"wri894120 - 1989 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri894120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4120","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"To Fort Pillow Sand of the Wilcox Group of Tertiary age underlies approximately 7,700 sq mi in western Tennessee. The formation consists primarily of very fine to very coarse sand that locally contains minor lenses or beds of clay or silt. The Fort Pillow Sand ranges from 0 to 350 ft in thickness. Recharge to the Fort Pillow aquifer generally is from precipitation on the outcrop and by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age and alluvium of Quaternary age. Long-term data indicate that water levels in the Fort Pillow aquifer in areas affected by pumping have declined at average rates ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 ft/year during the period 1945-83. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type that contains low concentrations of most major constituents and generally is suitable for most uses. Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 20 to 143 mg/L. Twenty-four aquifer tests made during the period 1932-61 indicate that transmissivities average about 13,100 sq ft/day at Memphis and about 10,000 sq ft/day at Jackson. Storage coefficients at these locations average about 0.0002 and 0.0015, respectively. The Fort Pillow aquifer presently provides moderate to large quantities of water to several public and industrial well fields and small quantities to numerous domestic and farm wells. Withdrawal for public and industrial supplies in 1983 averaged about 10.6 million gal/day. The Fort Pillow aquifer is widespread and virtually untapped and has much potential for future use. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894120","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1989, Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4120, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894120.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4120.jpg"},{"id":2291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4120","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29446,"text":"wri884205 - 1989 - Traveltime and reaeration of selected streams in the North Platte and Yampa River basins, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri884205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4205","title":"Traveltime and reaeration of selected streams in the North Platte and Yampa River basins, Colorado","docAbstract":"Traveltime characteristics were measured using rhodamine WT dye as a tracer in the Canadian and Michigan Rivers in the North Platte river basin and in the Yampa, Elk, and Williams Fork Rivers, and Trout and Fish Creeks in the Yampa River basin of Colorado. Reaeration coefficients were determined by use of the modified-tracer techniques using ethylene and propane gas for selected stream reaches during low-flow conditions. Stream reach velocities determined during traveltime and reaeration measurements ranged from 0.09 mi/hour at 5.1 cu ft/sec on the Canadian River to 4.04 mi/hour at 746 cu ft/sec on the Williams Fork. A modified longitudinal dispersion model or results from cumulative traveltime curves were used to estimate traveltimes in the measured streams for streamflow conditions other than those measured. Traveltime-discharge curves were developed by using the estimated and measured traveltimes. Reaeration coefficients were determined for 20 different subreaches in the study area. Rearation coefficients were determined for 20 different subreaches in the study area. Reaeration coefficients ranged from 1.6/day in a pooled subreach of the Yampa River Craig, Colorado, to 98/day in a turbulent subreach of Trout Creek near Oak Creek, Colorado. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884205","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., and Britton, L.J., 1989, Traveltime and reaeration of selected streams in the North Platte and Yampa River basins, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4205, vi, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884205.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58292,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, B. C.","contributorId":65098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, L. J.","contributorId":39788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29012,"text":"wri884071 - 1989 - Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:38:16.366533","indexId":"wri884071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4071","title":"Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Coal mining operations in northwestern Colorado commonly are located in areas that have minimal available water-resource information. Drainage-basin models can be a method for extending water-resource information to include periods for which there are no records or to transfer the information to areas that have no streamflow-gaging stations. To evaluate the magnitude and variability of the components of the water balance in the small drainage basins monitored, and to provide some method for transfer of hydrologic data, the U.S. Geological Survey 's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was used for small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin to simulate daily mean streamflow using daily precipitation and air-temperature data. The study area was divided into three hydrologic regions, and in each of these regions, three drainage basins were monitored. Two of the drainage basins in each region were used to calibrate the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The model was not calibrated for the third drainage basin in each region; instead, parameter values were transferred from the model that was calibrated for the two drainage basins. For all of the drainage basins except one, period of record used for calibration and verification included water years 1976-81. Simulated annual volumes of streamflow for drainage basins used in calibration compared well with observed values; individual hydrographs indicated timing differences between the observed and simulated daily mean streamflow. Observed and simulated annual average streamflows compared well for the periods of record, but values of simulated high and low streamflows were different than observed values. Similar results were obtained when calibrated model parameter values were transferred to drainage basins that were uncalibrated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884071","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Norris, J.M., 1989, Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4071, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884071.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57878,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -106.8333,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -106.8333,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f78f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29454,"text":"wri884114 - 1989 - Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:19:25","indexId":"wri884114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4114","title":"Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Water resources in the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation meet the present (1987) needs for drinking-water supplies and other household uses with respect to water quality and quantity, and provide valuable ecological, recreational, and aesthetic benefits. Total annual water use in the Reservation is about 36.5 million gallons per year and per capita use is about 100 gallons per day. Practically all the water is used for domestic supply. Ground water is the source of all water supplies in the Reservation.
\nThree aquifers are the source of ground water in the Reservation. Unconfined-drift aquifers consist of surficial outwash that extends over one third of the Reservation. Confined-drift aquifers consist of sand and gravel deposits that occur discontinuously at depths of 50 to 150 feet throughout the Reservation. The third aquifer is in crystalline bedrock that underlies the glacial drift.
\nSurface-water resources in the Reservation consist of numerous wetlands, many shallow lakes, and streams that drain five basins. All the basins in the Reservation are part of the St. Louis River drainage system, except for a small area in the southcentral part of the Reservation that is part of the Kettle River basin. Stoney Brook, which is the major stream, drains three fourths of the Reservation. Average discharge from Stoney Brook during the 1984 water year was 82 cubic feet per second. The lakes in the Reservation, which are shallow and small, have a combined surface area of about 3,000 acres.
\nConcentrations of constituents in ground-water samples met recommended and regulated limits set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water except for samples collected from wells in the unconfined-drift aquifer that suggested limits for nitrate (one sample), iron (two samples), and manganese (six samples), were exceeded. Quality of water in the lakes and streams is suitable for native forms of plant and animal life.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884114","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation Business Committee","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1989, Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4114, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884114.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4114/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fond du Lac Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.73327226871774\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.6451938027548\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 46.64472240881699\n ],\n [\n -92.74864196777342,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.73902893066406,\n 46.878029625122075\n ],\n [\n -92.72323608398438,\n 46.88131503811574\n ],\n [\n -92.70744323730469,\n 46.878029625122075\n ],\n [\n -92.69096374511719,\n 46.87709089874481\n ],\n [\n -92.67791748046875,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.66624450683594,\n 46.874274621077795\n ],\n [\n -92.65663146972656,\n 46.87380522709687\n ],\n [\n -92.64495849609375,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.62229919433594,\n 46.87333582901027\n ],\n [\n -92.61680603027342,\n 46.870988776992256\n ],\n [\n -92.61062622070312,\n 46.870988776992256\n ],\n [\n -92.59689331054688,\n 46.87051935427163\n ],\n [\n -92.58041381835938,\n 46.86723328026759\n ],\n [\n -92.57286071777344,\n 46.862069043222895\n ],\n [\n -92.57492065429688,\n 46.855026101172285\n ],\n [\n -92.5762939453125,\n 46.84798223530896\n ],\n [\n -92.57286071777344,\n 46.83999807052501\n ],\n [\n -92.56050109863281,\n 46.83577067935951\n ],\n [\n -92.55157470703125,\n 46.82637528602131\n ],\n [\n -92.5433349609375,\n 46.81932766316868\n ],\n [\n -92.5323486328125,\n 46.81650835534017\n ],\n [\n -92.52548217773438,\n 46.81415881922961\n ],\n [\n -92.50968933105469,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -92.49870300292969,\n 46.81932766316868\n ],\n [\n -92.48771667480469,\n 46.81462873466413\n ],\n [\n -92.48497009277344,\n 46.80428964656369\n ],\n [\n -92.4835968017578,\n 46.79723912881805\n ],\n [\n -92.47123718261719,\n 46.795828914397596\n ],\n [\n -92.46162414550781,\n 46.79394857101435\n ],\n [\n -92.45819091796875,\n 46.78924742510817\n ],\n [\n -92.46025085449217,\n 46.78407569031799\n ],\n [\n -92.47055053710938,\n 46.779373682055635\n ],\n [\n -92.4835968017578,\n 46.773730730079414\n ],\n [\n -92.49252319335938,\n 46.76761686478674\n ],\n [\n -92.49114990234374,\n 46.75726874246586\n ],\n [\n -92.48634338378906,\n 46.744095530257525\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.73327226871774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69963f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29457,"text":"wri894074 - 1989 - Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:19:50","indexId":"wri894074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4074","title":"Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Water resources in the White Earth Indian Reservation meet the present (1988) needs for potable supply and other household uses and provide valuable ecological, recreational, and aesthetic benefits. Total annual water use in the Reservation is about 460 million gallons per year. Domestic supply from privately owned wells and municipal systems accounts for roughly three-fourths of the water use, and irrigation of croplands and nurseries accounts for approximately one-fourth, depending on rainfall.
\nGlacial-drift aquifers are the source of ground water in the Reservation. Unconfined-drift aquifers consist of two surficial outwash deposits that extend over approximately one-fifth of the Reservation. One deposit trends along a north-south strip through the central part of the Reservation, and the other occupies the southeastern corner. Confined-drift aquifers are the most significant source of ground-water supply. These aquifers are discontinuous lenses of sand and gravel that hydraulically are poorly connected to each other. The aquifers are 50 to 300 feet below land surface and 5 to 25 feet thick. Yields from these aquifers typically range from 10 to 100 gallons per minute.
\nSurface water in the Reservation consist of numerous lakes, wetlands, prairie potholes, and streams. The larger, deeper lakes in the eastern and southern parts of the Reservation support walleye and northern pike and provide recreational opportunities for swimming and boating. The shallower lakes and prairie potholes are used to produce wild rice and also are managed to provide waterfowl habitat. Most of the streams in the Reservation drain the headwater areas of basins that are part of the Red River of the North watershed; however, several small streams in the southeastern part drain to the Crow Wing River, which is part of the Mississippi River drainage system. The Wild Rice River drains the largest basin in the Reservation.
\nGround water is mostly a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Dissolvedsolids concentration of the ground water generally is greater in the deeper confined-drift aquifers than in the shallower unconfined-drift aquifers. The concentrations of sodium and sulfate in water from the confined-drift aquifers are higher in the northwestern part of the Reservation than in the rest of the aquifer. Except for elevated concentrations of iron and manganese, the quality of the ground water meets the criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for drinking water.
\nSurface water also is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Lake waters are hard and alkaline and are mesotrophic to eutrophic in productivity. Quality of the lake and stream water is suitable for native forms of freshwater biota, although the concentration of total recoverable mercury exceeds the 0.012 micrograms per liter maximum contaminant level; that level, established by USEPA for the organic form of dissolved mercury, is intended to protect against chronic effects on freshwater life. Available information, however, indicates that the amount of mercury in edible tissue from fish in alkaline lakes of northwestern Minnesota is within safe limits. The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrate in the streams are below levels that indicate pollution problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Earth Indian Reservation Business Committee","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1989, Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4074, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894074.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"White Earth Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 46.97463048970669\n ],\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 47.4596655525415\n ],\n [\n -95.29815673828124,\n 47.4596655525415\n ],\n [\n -95.29815673828124,\n 46.97463048970669\n ],\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 46.97463048970669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f02a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29458,"text":"wri894067 - 1989 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri894067","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4067","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky. The total surface-water program includes 97 daily-discharge stations , 12 stage-only stations, and 35 crest-stage stations and is operated on a budget of $950,700. One station used for research lacks adequate source of funding and should be discontinued when the research ends. Most stations in the network are multiple-use with 65 stations operated for the purpose of defining hydrologic systems, 48 for project operation, 47 for definition of regional hydrology, and 43 for hydrologic forecasting purposes. Eighteen stations support water quality monitoring activities, one station is used for planning and design, and one station is used for research. The average standard error of estimation of streamflow records was determined only for stations in the Louisville Subdistrict. Under current operating policy, with a budget of $223,500, the average standard error of estimation is 28.5%. Altering the travel routes and measurement frequency to reduce the amount of lost stage record would allow a slight decrease in standard error to 26.9%. The results indicate that the collection of streamflow records in the Louisville Subdistrict is cost effective in its present mode of operation. In the Louisville Subdistrict, a minimum budget of $214,200 is required to operate the current network at an average standard error of 32.7%. A budget less than this does not permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. The maximum budget analyzed was $268,200, which would result in an average standard error of 16.9% indicating that if the budget was increased by 20%, the percent standard error would be reduced 40 %. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894067","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, K., 1989, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4067, v, 57 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894067.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58303,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68462c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, K.J.","contributorId":35322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29470,"text":"wri874089 - 1989 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri874089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4089","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nAvailable from Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri874089","usgsCitation":"Runner, G.S., Bragg, R., and Atkins, J., 1989, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4089, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874089.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58316,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, G. S.","contributorId":74405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, R.L.","contributorId":67905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkins, J.T.","contributorId":39403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28998,"text":"wri894058 - 1989 - Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimates from geophysical logs in the Mirror Lake Watershed, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri894058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4058","title":"Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimates from geophysical logs in the Mirror Lake Watershed, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894058","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Kapucu, K., 1989, Fracture characterization and fracture-permeability estimates from geophysical logs in the Mirror Lake Watershed, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4058, 49 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894058.","productDescription":"49 p. :ill., one map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapucu, Kemal","contributorId":89936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapucu","given":"Kemal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29482,"text":"wri894070 - 1989 - A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri894070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4070","title":"A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","docAbstract":"A computer program was developed for converting the coordinates of any rectangular grid on a map to coordinates on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. Using this program in conjunction with groundwater flow models, the user can extract data and results from models with varying grid orientations and place these data into grid structure that is oriented parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. All cells in the rectangular grid must have equal dimensions, and all cells in the latitude-longitude grid measure one minute by one minute. This program is applicable if the map used shows lines of equal latitude as arcs and lines of equal longitude as straight lines and assumes that the Earth 's surface can be approximated as a sphere. The program user enters the row number , column number, and latitude and longitude of the midpoint of the cell for three test cells on the rectangular grid. The latitude and longitude of boundaries of the rectangular grid also are entered. By solving sets of simultaneous linear equations, the program calculates coefficients that are used for making the conversion. As an option in the program, the user may build a groundwater model file based on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. The program reads a data file based on the rectangular coordinates and automatically forms the new data file. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894070","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1989, A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4070, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894070.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28993,"text":"wri894211 - 1989 - Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri894211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4211","title":"Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894211","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1989, Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4211, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894211.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29494,"text":"wri894068 - 1989 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:27:36","indexId":"wri894068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4068","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Dakota","docAbstract":"This report documents results of a cost-effectiveness study of the stream-gaging program In North Dakota. It is part of a nationwide evaluation of the stream-gaging program of the U.S. Geological Survey.
One phase of evaluating cost effectiveness is to identify less costly alternative methods of simulating streamflow records. Statistical or hydro logic flow-routing methods were used as alternative methods to simulate streamflow records for 21 combinations of gaging stations from the 94-gaging-station network. Accuracy of the alternative methods was sufficient to consider discontinuing only one gaging station.
Operation of the gaging-station network was evaluated by using associated uncertainty in streamflow records. The evaluation was limited to the nonwinter operation of 29 gaging stations in eastern North Dakota. The current (1987) travel routes and measurement frequencies require a budget of about $248/000 and result in an average equivalent Gaussian spread in streamflow records of 16.5 percent. Changes in routes and measurement frequencies optimally could reduce the average equivalent Gaussian spread to 14.7 percent.
Budgets evaluated ranged from $235,000 to $400,000. A $235,000 budget would increase the optimal average equivalent Gaussian spread from 14.7 to 20.4 percent, and a $400,000 budget could decrease it to 5.8 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894068","usgsCitation":"Ryan, G.L., 1989, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4068, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894068.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Gerald L.","contributorId":43417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30350,"text":"wri884228 - 1989 - Statistical summaries of streamflow data in New Mexico through 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T21:06:20.470037","indexId":"wri884228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4228","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow data in New Mexico through 1985","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884228","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S., 1989, Statistical summaries of streamflow data in New Mexico through 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4228, iv, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884228.","productDescription":"iv, 204 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59141,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393880,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47122.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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D.","contributorId":65857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30523,"text":"wri894040 - 1989 - Selected water-quality characteristics and flow of ground water in the San Luis basin, including the Conejos River subbasin, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri894040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4040","title":"Selected water-quality characteristics and flow of ground water in the San Luis basin, including the Conejos River subbasin, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses of water from 99 wells and 19 springs in the San Luis basin in Colorado and New Mexico were evaluated to determine selected water quality characteristics as an aid in understanding the flow of groundwater in the basin. The evaluation shows that the distribution of chemical water types in the basin is consistent with chemical changes to be expected along flow paths in rocks typical of those in the basin. The San Luis basin area is underlain by a surficial (< 100-ft-thick) unconfined aquifer and, in turn, by a confining bed and a deeper confined aquifer. Previous studies have indicated that the groundwater system is recharged around the edges of the basin and that groundwater then moves toward discharge areas in the topographically closed part of the basin and along principal streams. The evaluation of water quality data showed that groundwater at the perimeter of the San Luis basin is primarily a calcium bicarbonate type, which is typical in recharge areas. Groundwater near the center of the basin is primarily a sodium bicarbonate type, which is typical of groundwater in downgradient areas. The change in principal cation from calcium to sodium indicates chemical evolution of the water along the groundwater flow path and supports previously developed concepts of groundwater movement in the basin. The exchange of calcium for sodium along the flow path also is assumed to occur in the Conejos River subbasin. Upgradient wells yield calcium bicarbonate type water, whereas downgradient wells yield sodium bicarbonate type water. However, an exception to this relation is found at McIntire Spring, which yields calcium bicarbonate type water from a downgradient location. The source of water discharging from the spring may be the confined aquifer, with hydraulic connection along the Manassa fault. The concentration of dissolved solids in water from both the unconfined and confined aquifers increases downgradient. The increase is dramatic in the closed basin, ranging from < 500 mg/L to > 30 ,000 mg/L. In this area, the normal increase in concentration by dissolution of minerals along the flow path is exceeded by the increase due to evapotranspiration from the shallow water table. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wri894040","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., and Hammond, S., 1989, Selected water-quality characteristics and flow of ground water in the San Luis basin, including the Conejos River subbasin, Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4040, iv, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894040.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59302,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4040/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59303,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, S.E.","contributorId":17607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30332,"text":"wri884215 - 1989 - Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri884215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4215","title":"Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","docAbstract":"A sequence of steps was developed for evaluating and modifying the existing, long-term, observation-well network in any part of Wyoming. The State was subdivided geographically into nine groundwater areas, including the northeastern Wyoming groundwater area, based on major structural features. Northeastern Wyoming was the first of the nine areas to be evaluated using these procedures. The stratigraphic units of Wyoming were grouped into five rock units on the basis of age, similar depositional environments, and water-yielding properties. Activities likely to affect groundwater in northeastern Wyoming were evaluated. The most important monitoring needs in the area are related to: (1) Oil-field waterflooding; (2) surface mining of coal; (3) increasing municipal use of groundwater, and (4) need for general resource information. The 18 observation wells in the existing (1986) network meet most of the needs identified. Seven additional wells need to be added to the network, whereas four wells in the network can be discontinued. Water level data from the 18 observation wells are presented by county. Maps and hydrographs are accompanied by brief discussions of information related to the records obtained. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884215","usgsCitation":"Wallace, J., and Crist, M.A., 1989, Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4215, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884215.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, J.C.","contributorId":25944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, M. A.","contributorId":84799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28947,"text":"wri894021 - 1989 - Hydrogeology of the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri894021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4021","title":"Hydrogeology of the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Geologic and borehole geophysical logs made at 77 sites show that the hydrogeologic framework of the study area consists of a sequence of unconsolidated sediments typical of the Coastal Plain of Maryland. Three aquifers and two confining units were delineated within the study area. From the surface down, they are: (1) the surficial aquifer; (2) the upper confining unit; (3) the Canal Creek aquifer; (4) the lower confining unit; and (5) the lower confined aquifer. The aquifer materials range from fine sand to coarse sand and gravel. Clay lenses were commonly found interfingered with the sand, isolating parts of the aquifers. All the units are continuous throughout the study area except for the upper confining unit, which crops out within the study area but is absent in updip outcrops. The unit also is absent within a Pleistocene paleochannel, where it has been eroded. The surficial and Canal Creek aquifers are hydraulically connected where the upper confining unit is absent, and a substantial amount of groundwater may flow between the two aquifers. Currently, no pumping stresses are known to affect the aquifers within the study area. Under current conditions, downward vertical hydraulic gradients prevail at topographic highs, and upward gradients typically prevail near surface-water bodies. Regionally, the direction of groundwater flow in the confined aquifers is to the east and southeast. Significant water level fluctuations correspond with seasonal variations in rainfall, and minor daily fluctuations reflect tidal cycles. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894021","usgsCitation":"Oliveros, J., and Vroblesky, D., 1989, Hydrogeology of the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4021, v, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894021.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliveros, J.P.","contributorId":93515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveros","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}