{"pageNumber":"4155","pageRowStart":"103850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":7000032,"text":"7000032 - 1993 - The San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T13:42:41","indexId":"7000032","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"

The presence of the San Andreas fault was brought dramatically to world attention on April 18, 1906, when sudden displacement along the fault produced the great San Francisco earthquake and fire. This earthquake, however, was but one of many that have resulted from episodic displacement along the fault throughout its life of about 15-20 million years.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/7000032","usgsCitation":"Schulz, S.S., and Wallace, R.E., 1993, The San Andreas Fault: General Interest Publication, 17 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000032.","productDescription":"17 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000032/report.pdf"},{"id":198203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000032/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Sandra S.","contributorId":104864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Robert E.","contributorId":15570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000026,"text":"7000026 - 1993 - Monitoring active volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"7000026","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Monitoring active volcanoes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000026","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1993, Monitoring active volcanoes (Online edition): General Interest Publication, 17 p. : ill. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000026.","productDescription":"17 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/monitor/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":343985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001172,"text":"1001172 - 1993 - Bird censuses 116-121: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairie I-V","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:42:30","indexId":"1001172","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird censuses 116-121: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairie I-V","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Schwartz, M., 1993, Bird censuses 116-121: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairie I-V: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 64, no. 1, p. 105-107.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6164b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, M.D.","contributorId":83468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001171,"text":"1001171 - 1993 - Effects of harness transmitters on behavior and reproduction of wild mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:01:50","indexId":"1001171","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of harness transmitters on behavior and reproduction of wild mallards","docAbstract":"Radio telemetry has been an important research tool in waterfowl studies for >20 years, yet little effort has been made to evaluate potential effects of transmitters on the birds that carry them. As part of a 4-year mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) study in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota and Minnesota, we compared radio-marked and unmarked female mallards in terms of percent time observed feeding, resting, and preening; nest initiation date; and clutch size and egg volume. Radio-marked females carried a 23-g back-mounted transmitter attached with a 2-loop harness (Dwyer 1972). On average, radio-marked females tended to feed less, rest and preen more, initiate nests later, and lay smaller clutches and eggs than unmarked females. Thus, behavioral and reproductive data from ducks marked with back-mounted harness-attached transmitters may be biased. We recommend that new designs of radio packages be field tested and caution that effects may be masked under extreme environmental conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3809068","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G.L., Greenwood, R.J., and Lokemoen, J.T., 1993, Effects of harness transmitters on behavior and reproduction of wild mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 4, p. 696-703, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809068.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"703","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612ef8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, Raymond J.","contributorId":174570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001170,"text":"1001170 - 1993 - Effects of radio transmitters on nesting captive mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:57:05","indexId":"1001170","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio transmitters on nesting captive mallards","docAbstract":"Radio packages may subtly affect bird behavior and condition, and thus could bias results from studies using this technique. To assess effects on reproduction of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), we tested 3 types of back-mounted radio packages on captive females. Eight paired females were randomly assigned to each of 4 treatments: 4-g transmitter attached with sutures and glue, 10-g or 18-g transmitter attached with a harness, and no transmitter (control). All mallards were fed ad libitum. No differences were detected among treatments in number of clutches, clutch size, nesting interval, egg mass, or body mass; powers (range = 0.15-0.48) of tests were low. Feather wear and skin irritation around radio packages were minimal. Birds retained sutured transmitters for an average of 43.5 days (range = 3-106 days) and harness transmitters for the duration of the study (106 days). Sutures were not reliable and presently are not recommended as an attachment method. Caution is advised in applying these results to radio-equipped mallards in the wild.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3809069","usgsCitation":"Houston, R., and Greenwood, R.J., 1993, Effects of radio transmitters on nesting captive mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 4, p. 703-709, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809069.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"709","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6119cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, Robert A.","contributorId":174607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houston","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, Raymond J.","contributorId":174570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000011,"text":"7000011 - 1993 - Fossils, rocks, and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T11:36:15","indexId":"7000011","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Fossils, rocks, and time","docAbstract":"

We study out Earth for many reasons: to find water to drink or oil to run our cars or coal to heat our homes, to know where to expect earthquakes or landslides or floods, and to try to understand our natural surroundings. Earth is constantly changing--nothing on its surface is truly permanent. Rocks that are not on top of a mountain may once have been on the bottom of the sea. Thus, to understand the world we live on, we must add the dimension of time. We must study Earth's history.

\n
\n

When we talk about recorded history, time is measured in years, centuries, and tens of centuries. When we talk about Earth history, time is measured in millions and billions of years.

\n
\n

Time is an everyday part of our lives. We keep track of time with a marvelous invention, the calendar, which is based on the movements of the Earth in space. One spin of Earth on its axis is a day, and one trip around the sun is a year. The modern calendar is a great achievement, developed over many thousands of years as theory and technology improved.

\n
\n

People who study Earth's history also use a type of calendar, called the geologic time scale. It looks very different from the familiar calendar. In some ways, it is more like a book, and the rocks are its pages. Some of the pages are torn or missing, and the pages are not numbered, but geology gives us the tools to help us read this book.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000011","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Pojeta, J., 1993, Fossils, rocks, and time: General Interest Publication, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000011.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report.pdf","size":"8461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pojeta, John Jr.","contributorId":44514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001168,"text":"1001168 - 1993 - The Conservation Reserve Program: habitat for grassland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:43:58","indexId":"1001168","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Conservation Reserve Program: habitat for grassland birds","docAbstract":"The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has effected major changes to the landscape, especially in the northern Great Plains. Breeding birds have responded dramatically to habitat changes by colonizing CRP fields, often in large numbers. The vegetation in most CRP fields consists of introduced grasses and legumes, along with a variety of weedy species. This paper describes the bird populations found during three years of surveys on more than 300 CRP fields in western Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and eastern Montana. We relate densities of selected species to geographic location, annual effects, conservation practice adopted, and vegetation features.","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Schwartz, M.D., 1993, The Conservation Reserve Program: habitat for grassland birds: Great Plains Research, v. 3, no. 2, p. 273-295.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11001,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/128/"},{"id":128825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Michael D.","contributorId":174566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001163,"text":"1001163 - 1993 - Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:59:54","indexId":"1001163","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2086,"text":"International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990","docAbstract":"The incidental take of marine birds was estimated for the following North Pacific driftnet fisheries in 1990: Japanese squid, Japanese large-mesh, Korean squid, and Taiwanese squid and large-mesh combined. The take was estimated by assuming that the data represented a random sample from an unstratified population of all driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific. Estimates for 13 species or species groups are presented, along with some discussion of inadequacies of the design. About 416,000 marine birds were estimated to be taken incidentally during the 1990 season; 80% of these were in the Japanese squid fishery. Sooty Shearwaters, Short-tailed Shearwaters, and Laysan Albatrosses were the most common species in the bycatch.Regression models were also developed to explore the relations between bycatch rate of three groups--Black-footed Albatross, Laysan Albatross, and 'dark' shearwaters--and various explanatory variables, such as latitude, longitude, month, vessel, sea surface temperature, and net soak time (length of time nets were in the water). This was done for only the Japanese squid fishery, for which the most complete information was available. For modelling purposes, fishing operations for each vessel were grouped into 5-degree blocks of latitude and longitude.Results of model building indicated that vessel had a significant influence on bycatch rates of all three groups. This finding emphasizes the importance of the sample of vessels being representative of the entire fleet. In addition, bycatch rates of all three groups varied spatially and temporally. Bycatch rates for Laysan Albatrosses tended to decline during the fishing season, whereas those for Black-footed Albatrosses and dark shearwaters tended to increase as the season progressed. Bycatch rates were positively related to net soak time for Laysan Albatrosses and dark shearwaters. Bycatch rates of dark shearwaters were lower for higher sea surface temperatures.","language":"English","publisher":"International North Pacific Fisheries Commission","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Shaffer, T., and Gould, P., 1993, Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990: International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin, v. 53, p. 473-483.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, P.J.","contributorId":6416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001150,"text":"1001150 - 1993 - The Conservation Reserve Program and grassland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T13:39:24","indexId":"1001150","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Conservation Reserve Program and grassland birds","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740934.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Schwartz, M.D., 1993, The Conservation Reserve Program and grassland birds: Conservation Biology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 934-937, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740934.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"937","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Michael D.","contributorId":174566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003792,"text":"1003792 - 1993 - Diagnostic riddles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-15T16:50:22","indexId":"1003792","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3771,"text":"Wildlife Disease Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic riddles","docAbstract":"

A bridled white-eye (Zosterops conspicillata) was captured in a mist net on the island of Saipan and transported to the island of Guam for an experimental study. Beginning on day three, it was immunosuppressed by intramuscular injections of dexamethasone. It was unexpectedly found dead on day 20, at which time it had lost 0.9 g (12.9% of initial body weight).

Gross Pathology: Despite the weight loss, the white-eye was in good flesh, with abundant subcutaneous and visceral fat. The spleen was 3 x 11 mm, about 5 times normal size. The striatum of the forebrain was congested. There were no other lesions. Histopathology: There were microscopic abnormalities in skeletal muscle, brain, and gizzard (Figs. 1 and 2; Figure 2 is from a different white-eye which had virtually identical gizzard lesions).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sileo, L., and Greiner, E., 1993, Diagnostic riddles: Wildlife Disease Newsletter, v. 29, no. 1, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saipan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.80917358398438,\n 15.30008112737089\n ],\n [\n 145.68832397460938,\n 15.208662610868245\n ],\n [\n 145.67733764648438,\n 15.113889978918127\n ],\n [\n 145.74462890625,\n 15.076764665951568\n ],\n [\n 145.7679748535156,\n 15.107923848482166\n ],\n [\n 145.8050537109375,\n 15.178180945596363\n ],\n [\n 145.78857421875,\n 15.21065039253651\n ],\n [\n 145.84625244140622,\n 15.272924708699211\n ],\n [\n 145.80917358398438,\n 15.30008112737089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66740e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greiner, E.C.","contributorId":12808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greiner","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003644,"text":"1003644 - 1993 - Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T10:09:13","indexId":"1003644","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) outbreaks occurred at two different locations in Pennsylvania in 1991 and 1992. In the first outbreak, four ducks died out of a group of 30 domestic ducks; in the second outbreak, 65 ducks died out of a group of 114 domestic ducks, and 15 domestic geese died as well. A variety of species of ducks were present on both premises, but only muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) died from the disease. On necropsy, gross lesions included hepatomegaly with petechial hemorrhages, petechial hemorrhages in the abdominal fat, petechial hemorrhages on the epicardial surface of the heart, and multifocal to coalescing areas of fibrinonecrotic material over the mucosal surface of the trachea, esophagus, intestine, and cloaca. Histologically, the liver had random multifocal areas of necrosis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. DVE virus was isolated and identified using muscovy duck embryo fibroblast inoculation and virus neutralization.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1591927","usgsCitation":"Davison, S., Converse, K.A., Hamir, A., and Eckroade, R., 1993, Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania: Avian Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 1142-1146, https://doi.org/10.2307/1591927.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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No abstract available.

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J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186579,"text":"70186579 - 1993 - Analysis of streamflow in the Magby Creek basin near Columbus, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:23:32","indexId":"70186579","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of streamflow in the Magby Creek basin near Columbus, Mississippi","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the twenty-third Mississippi water resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Twenty-third Mississippi water resources conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Floyd, P., 1993, Analysis of streamflow in the Magby Creek basin near Columbus, Mississippi, in Proceedings of the twenty-third Mississippi water resources conference, p. 86-97.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"86","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Magby Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.58551025390624,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -88.29849243164062,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -88.29849243164062,\n 33.65806700735442\n ],\n [\n -88.58551025390624,\n 33.65806700735442\n ],\n [\n -88.58551025390624,\n 33.36264966025664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Floyd, P.C.","contributorId":50522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floyd","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003838,"text":"1003838 - 1993 - Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T13:56:16","indexId":"1003838","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions","docAbstract":"

Fat soluble vitamins E and A (quantified as α-tocopherol and all-trans retinol, respectively) were measured in plasma samples from 274 captive cranes from four institutions and five free-ranging birds. Ages ranged from 4 mo to 80 yr, and all 15 crane species were represented. Captive cranes had a mean ± standard error (SE) of 6.57 ± 0.82 μg/ml α-tocopherol; migrating greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadenis tabida) had a plasma concentration of 3.71 ± 0.22 μg/ml. Sex and age differences were not significant, but crane species that evolved in temperate habitats had higher circulating levels of α-tocopherol than tropical or subtropical species. Mean ± SE retinol values were 0.69 ± 0.05 μg/ml in captive cranes, and 0.66 ± 0.08 μg/ml in free-ranging cranes; values did not differ significantly by sex, age, or species. Dietary vitamin E concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma α-tocopherol levels in a logarithmic relationship. Dietary selenium at 0.5 mg/kg was associated with decreased circulating a-tocopherol concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98","usgsCitation":"Dierenfeld, E.S., Sheppard, C., Langenberg, J., Mirande, C., Spratt, J., and Dein, F., 1993, Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 1, p. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, Maryland, New York, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":" Bronx Zoo, International Crane Foundation, Patuxent Wildlife Center, St Catherine's Island, ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.54705506927561\n ],\n [\n -89.76628303527832,\n 43.54705506927561\n ],\n [\n -89.76628303527832,\n 43.55091201787063\n ],\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.55091201787063\n ],\n [\n -89.77718353271484,\n 43.54705506927561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.88219833374023,\n 40.84894322160766\n ],\n [\n -73.87438774108887,\n 40.8419958315821\n ],\n [\n -73.8717269897461,\n 40.850436490715694\n ],\n [\n -73.86940956115723,\n 40.8497872474124\n ],\n [\n -73.86966705322266,\n 40.85491609612425\n ],\n [\n -73.8804817199707,\n 40.85653906681298\n ],\n [\n -73.88219833374023,\n 40.84894322160766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81777954101562,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -76.77383422851562,\n 39.032519409191565\n ],\n [\n -76.72576904296875,\n 39.073044543690926\n ],\n [\n -76.73881530761719,\n 39.08743603215884\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 39.0831721934762\n ],\n [\n -76.81846618652344,\n 39.08690306641833\n ],\n [\n -76.83700561523436,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -76.81777954101562,\n 39.0533181067413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 31.71064464454446\n ],\n [\n -81.199951171875,\n 31.68143311662596\n ],\n [\n -81.19308471679688,\n 31.5656652152831\n ],\n [\n -81.16973876953125,\n 31.534652412605492\n ],\n [\n -81.10519409179688,\n 31.69253458059131\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 31.71064464454446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dierenfeld, Ellen S.","contributorId":7677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierenfeld","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheppard, C.D.","contributorId":71520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenberg, J.","contributorId":20692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mirande, C.","contributorId":66216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirande","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spratt, J.","contributorId":103639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spratt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. 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Current theories on the causes of extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary have been based on previously published data; however, few workers have stopped to ask the question, 'How good is the basic data set?' To test the accuracy of the published record, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Crassatellidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of the Gulf and Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States for the Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary was conducted. Thirty-eight species names and four generic names are used in publications for the Crassatellidae within the geographic and stratigraphic constraints of this analysis. Fourteen of the 38 species names are represented by statistically valid numbers of specimens and were tested by using canonical discriminant analysis. All 38 names, with the exception of 1 invalid name and 4 names for which no representative specimen could be located, were evaluated qualitatively. The results show that the published fossil record is highly inaccurate. Only 8 valid, recognizable species exist in the Crassatellidae within the limits of this study, 14 names are synonymized, and 11 names are represented by indeterminate molds or poorly preserved specimens. Three of the four genera are well founded; the fourth is based on the juvenile of another genus and therefore synonymized. This detailed taxonomic analysis of the Crassatellidae illustrates that the published fossil record is not reliable. Calculations of evolutionary and paleobiologic significance based on poorly defined, overly split fossil groups, such as the Crassatellidae, are biased in the following ways: Rates of evolution and extinction are higher, Faunal turnover at mass extinctions appears more catastrophic, Species diversity is high, Average species durations are shortened, and Geographic ranges are restricted. The data on the taxonomically standardized Crassatellidae show evolutionary rates one-quarter to one-half that of the published fossil record; faunal change at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary that was not catastrophic; a constant number of species on each side of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; a decrease in abundance in the Tertiary; and lower species diversity, longer average species durations, and expanded geographic ranges. Similar detailed taxonomic studies need to be conducted on other groups of organisms to test the patterns illustrated for the Crassatellidae and to determine the extent and direction of the bias in the published fossil record. Answers to our questions about evolutionary change cannot be found in the literature but rather with the fossils themselves. Evolution and extinction occur within small populations of species groups, and it is only through detailed analysis of these groups that we can achieve an understanding of the causes and effects of evolution and extinction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1535","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., 1993, A detailed taxonomy of Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary Crassatellidae in the eastern United States: An example of the nature of extinction at the boundary: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1535, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1535.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423102,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93042.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1535/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1535/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.31843671960584,\n 41.91574510718331\n ],\n [\n -78.11137540806459,\n 41.53216003813202\n ],\n [\n -90.93733444360878,\n 38.97077793287397\n ],\n [\n -90.63886590274505,\n 30.049321069710757\n ],\n [\n -77.07516083053278,\n 33.00820859835066\n ],\n [\n -72.31843671960584,\n 41.91574510718331\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001519,"text":"2001519 - 1993 - Genetic sequence comparison of selected isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001519","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"103","title":"Genetic sequence comparison of selected isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"94-006/FH","usgsCitation":"Schill, W.B., McAllister, P.E., Hodge, D.L., and Owens, W.J., 1993, Genetic sequence comparison of selected isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Research Information Bulletin 103, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodge, D. L.","contributorId":20286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodge","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2001520,"text":"2001520 - 1993 - Multiple polymerase reaction simultaneously detects three viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001520","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"102","title":"Multiple polymerase reaction simultaneously detects three viruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"94-005/FH","usgsCitation":"Schill, W.B., McAllister, P.E., Hodge, D.L., and Owens, W.J., 1993, Multiple polymerase reaction simultaneously detects three viruses: Research Information Bulletin 102, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodge, D. L.","contributorId":20286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodge","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2000081,"text":"2000081 - 1993 - Distribution and abundance of predators that affect duck production--prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:44:40","indexId":"2000081","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"194","title":"Distribution and abundance of predators that affect duck production--prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"During 1983-88, the relative abundance of 18 species and species-groups of mammalian and avian predators affecting duck production in the prairie pothole region was determined in 33 widely scattered study areas ranging in size from 23-26 km2. Accounts of each studied species and species-group include habitat and history, population structure and reported densities, and information on distribution and abundance from the present study. Index values of undetected, scarce, uncommon, common, or numerous were used to rate abundance of nearly all species in each study area. Principal survey methods were livetrapping of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and Franklin's ground squirrels (Spermophilus franklinii), systematic searches for carnivore tracks in quarter sections (0.65 km2), daily records of sightings of individual predator species, and systematic searches for occupied nests of tree-nesting avian predators. Abundances of predators in individual areas were studied 1-3 years.The distribution and abundance of predator species throughout the prairie pothole region have undergone continual change since settlement of the region by Europeans in the late 1800's. Predator populations in areas we studied differed markedly from those of pristine times. The changes occurred from habitat alterations, human-inflicted mortality of predators, and interspecific relations among predator species. Indices from surveys of tracks revealed a decline in the abundance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and an albeit less consistent decline in the abundance of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with an increase in the abundance of coyotes (Canis latrans). Records of locations of occupied nests revealed great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) tended to nest 0.5 km apart, and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) tended to avoid nesting 0.5 km of nests of red-tailed hawks. Excluding large gulls, for which no measurements of abundance were obtained, the number of predator species averaged 12.2 (SD = 1.60) per study area; common or numerous predator species averaged 6.0 (SD = 1.54) per study area (minimal because the abundance of weasels [Mustela erminea; M. frenata] in all areas and of minks [Mustela vison] and raptors in some areas was not rated). Major changes in relative abundance of individual predator species studied >1 year were few. Predator species most restricted to the aspen parkland were the Franklin's ground squirrel, black-billed magpie (Pica pica), American crow (Corvus brachyrlus), and red-tailed hawk; species most restricted to the prairie were the badger (Taxidea taxus), Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni), and ferruginous hawk (B. regalis). The coyote, black-billed magpie, and American crow were most numerous in Canada, whereas the red fox, raccoon, mink, ferruginous hawk, and great horned owl were most numerous in the United States. The number of common or numerous egg-eating predator species (excludes large gulls and weasels, which were not rated) averaged 4.6 (SD = 0.90) per study area. The average numbers of common or numerous egg-eating species per study area did not differ among provinces and states, but birds gradually replaced mammals from southeast to northwest across the region. Investigators are urged to assess composition of predator populations and relative abundance of predator species for evaluations of waterfowl recruitment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A., Greenwood, R.J., Sovada, M., and Shaffer, T., 1993, Distribution and abundance of predators that affect duck production--prairie pothole region: Resource Publication 194, 96 p.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovada, M.A.","contributorId":54534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182299,"text":"70182299 - 1993 - Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a vitamin C source for rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T14:06:01","indexId":"70182299","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a vitamin C source for rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish nutrition in practice","language":"English","publisher":"Institute Nationale Researches Agricultura","usgsCitation":"Halver, J., Felton, S., and Palmisano, A., 1993, Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a vitamin C source for rainbow trout, chap. of Fish nutrition in practice.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb145e4b01ccd54f9ee6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halver, J.E.","contributorId":88675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halver","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felton, S.","contributorId":182052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felton","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmisano, A.N.","contributorId":152185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmisano","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182457,"text":"70182457 - 1993 - Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing Gambusia species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:55:40","indexId":"70182457","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing Gambusia species","docAbstract":"

Results from two experiments are presented that contrast differences in life-history traits and population dynamics between two species of live bearing fishes (Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki) that hybridize across portions of the southeastern United States. Progeny from parental holbrooki and holbrooki-affinis F1 crosses exhibited larger lengths at birth, at 15 days, and matured earlier, and at larger size than did progeny from parental affinis and affinis-holbrooki F1 crosses. Comparisons of experimental populations of affinis, holbrooki, and mixed (affinis + holbrooki) species composition followed over two years revealed that affinis populations consistently exhibited smaller population size, lower carrying capacity, lower recruitment, and larger over-winter mortality than did holbrooki or mixed populations. Evidence for density-dependent reductions in fecundity and concomitant increases in juvenile mortality rates were observed in all populations, but were most pronounced for affinis populations. Genotype-specific differences in life-history traits appear to confer differential advantage to offspring of parental holbrooki origin and F1 progeny of holbrooki maternal parentage given the resource availability and the age structure and densities experienced during these experiments. Results have direct implications regarding the rate and direction of evolution within hybrid zones formed by these two species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.2307/2410075 ","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1993, Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing Gambusia species: Evolution, v. 47, no. 2, p. 632-646, https://doi.org/10.2307/2410075 .","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"646","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dae4b01ccd54fb280d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180650,"text":"70180650 - 1993 - Significance of selective predation and development of prey protection measures for juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:06:21","indexId":"70180650","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Significance of selective predation and development of prey protection measures for juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Poe, T., and Gadomski, D., 1993, Significance of selective predation and development of prey protection measures for juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bbe4b072a7ac129954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180656,"text":"70180656 - 1993 - Differentiation of bacterial feeding nematodes in soil ecological studies by means of arbitrarily primed PCR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:35:23","indexId":"70180656","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of bacterial feeding nematodes in soil ecological studies by means of arbitrarily primed PCR","docAbstract":"

Arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR) was used to differentiate closely related bacterial-feeding nematodes of the genera: Caenorhabditis, Acrobeloides, Cephalobus and Zeldia. Average percentage similarity of bands generated by ap-PCR with seven different primers between 14 isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans was ⪢ 90%, whereas between C. elegans, C. briggsae and C. remanei similarity was < 20%. Based on intra- and inter-specific similarity between Caenorhabditis isolates, analysis of Acrobeloides, Cephalobus and Zeldia isolates revealed either similar or different genotypes. Distinct genotypes were verified by morphological analyses. In addition, the genotypes obtained from single egg-derived nematode populations were also obtained from ap-PCR analysis of single worms. Due to the difficulty of identification of soil nematodes, the ap-PCR offers potential as a rapid and reliable technique to assess biodiversity. Ap-PCR will make it feasible, for the first time, to study the ecological interactions of unique nematode genotypes in soil habitats.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0717(93)90208-S","usgsCitation":"Van Der Knaap, E., Rodriguez, R.J., and Freckman, D.W., 1993, Differentiation of bacterial feeding nematodes in soil ecological studies by means of arbitrarily primed PCR: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 9, p. 1141-1151, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90208-S.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1151","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bae4b072a7ac12994a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Der Knaap, Esther","contributorId":178983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Der Knaap","given":"Esther","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freckman, Diana W.","contributorId":178984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freckman","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180647,"text":"70180647 - 1993 - Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:59:54","indexId":"70180647","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies","docAbstract":"

An introduced whitefly species, responsible for over a half billion dollars in damage to U.S. agricultural production in 1991, is morphologically indistinguishable from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). However, with the use of polymerase chain reaction-based DNA differentiation tests, allozymic frequency analyses, crossing experiments, and mating behavior studies, the introduced whitefly is found to be a distinct species. Recognition of this new species, the silverleaf whitefly, is critical in the search for management options.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.8418497","usgsCitation":"Perring, T., Cooper, A., Rodriguez, R.J., Farrar, C., and Bellows, T., 1993, Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies: Science, v. 259, no. 5091, p. 74-77, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8418497.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"74","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"259","issue":"5091","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bbe4b072a7ac129956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perring, T.M.","contributorId":178976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perring","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.D.","contributorId":178977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, C.A.","contributorId":178978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bellows, T.S. Jr.","contributorId":178979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellows","given":"T.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180638,"text":"70180638 - 1993 - Subyearling Chinook salmon marking at McNary Dam to estimate adult contribution. Annual report 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:20:56","indexId":"70180638","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Subyearling Chinook salmon marking at McNary Dam to estimate adult contribution. Annual report 1991","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administation","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Nelson, W., Wagner, P., and Rondorf, D., 1993, Subyearling Chinook salmon marking at McNary Dam to estimate adult contribution. Annual report 1991, 11 p. .","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"52","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bbe4b072a7ac12995e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661833,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W.H.","contributorId":178926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661834,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, W.R.","contributorId":178924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, P.G.","contributorId":46268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}