{"pageNumber":"4157","pageRowStart":"103900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70017942,"text":"70017942 - 1993 - Evaluation of the extent of contaminated sediments in the west branch of the Grand Calumet river, Indiana-Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017942","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of the extent of contaminated sediments in the west branch of the Grand Calumet river, Indiana-Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"The extent of contamination in river sediments is often not rigorously evaluated. In many cases, only surface sediment samples are taken. In other cases, entire sediment cores are composited for analysis, an approach that limits the ability to identify discrete zones of contamination. In addition, few studies include information on the rate of sedimentation. Composited sediment cores, subsamples of cores made at discrete intervals, and surface samples were obtained from locations in the West Branch of the Grand Calumet River. The organic carbon content and concentrations of up to 26 major, minor, and trace elements were determined. Sedimentation rates at the ten locations were estimated using 137Cs. The mean concentrations of metals in the surface samples were considerably higher than concentrations in samples obtained by the two coring approaches. Only by analyzing discrete subsamples was it possible to plot the concentrations by depth and location. This approach was used to demonstrate that high levels of organic carbon and trace elements are confined between river miles 5 and 7.5. Sedimentation rate information combined with chemical analyses of the same cores indicate that contamination of this part of the river began in the 1930s.The extent of contamination in river sediments is often not rigorously evaluated. In many cases, only surface sediment samples are taken. In other cases, entire sediment cores are composited for analysis, an approach that limits the ability to identify discrete zones of contamination. In addition, few studies include information on the rate of sedimentation. Composited sediment cores, subsamples of cores made at discrete intervals, and surface samples were obtained from locations in the West Branch of the Grand Calumet River. The organic carbon content and concentrations of up to 26 major, minor, and trace elements were determined. Sedimentation rates at the ten locations were estimated using 137Cs. The mean concentrations of metals in the surface samples were considerably higher than concentrations in samples obtained by the two coring approaches. Only by analyzing discrete subsamples was it possible to plot the concentrations by depth and location. This approach was used to demonstrate that high levels of organic carbon and trace elements are confined between river miles 5 and 7.5. Sedimentation rate information combined with chemical analyses of the same cores indicate that contamination of this part of the river began in the 1930s.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Cahill, R., and Unger, M., 1993, Evaluation of the extent of contaminated sediments in the west branch of the Grand Calumet river, Indiana-Illinois, USA, <i>in</i> Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 8-9, p. 53-58.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce2e4b0c8380cd52d30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unger, M.T.","contributorId":43931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017395,"text":"70017395 - 1993 - Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T18:51:43.158094","indexId":"70017395","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","docAbstract":"Sediment trap deployments in estuaries provide a method for estimating the amount of organic material transported to the sediments from the euphotic zone. The amino acid composition of suspended particles, benthic sediment, and sediment-trap material collected at 2.4 m, 5.8 m, and 7.9 m depths in the Potomac Estuary was determined in stratified summer waters, and in well-mixed oxygenated waters (DO) in late fall. The total vertical flow, or flux, of material into the top traps ranged from 3 g m-2 d-1 in August to 4.9 g m-2 d-1 in October. The carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased in the deepest traps relative to the surface traps during both sampling periods, along with that of the total material flux (up to 47.3 g m-2 d-1 in the deepest trap), although the actual weight percent of organic carbon and organic nitrogen decreased with depth. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 129 mg g-1 in surface water particulate material to 22 mg g-1 in particulate material in 9-m-deep waters and in the benthic sediment. Amino acid concentrations from 2.4-mg-depth sediment traps averaged 104??29 mg g-1 in stratified waters and 164??81 mg g-1 in well-mixed waters. The deep trap samples averaed, 77.3??4.8 mg g-1 amino acids in summer waters and 37??16 mg g-1 in oxygenated fall waters. Amino acids comprised 13% to 39% of the organic carbon and 12% to 89% of the orgnaic nitrogen in these samples. Analysis of the flux results suggest that resuspension combined with lateral advection from adjacent slopes can account for up to 27% of the material in the deep traps when the estuary was well-mixed and unstratified. When the estuary was stratified in late summer, the amino acid carbon produced by primary productivity in the euphotic zone decreased by 85% (86% for total organic carbon) at the pycnocline at 6 m depth, leaving up to 15% of the vertical organic flux available for benthic sediment deposition. ?? 1993 Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352588","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, A., and Shultz, D., 1993, Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 405-415, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352588.","startPage":"405","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b8e4b0c8380cd483e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014659,"text":"1014659 - 1993 - Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"1014659","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1949,"text":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-095/TL","usgsCitation":"Ketola, G., and Baltusis, F., 1993, Influence of heat-processing of soybean meal on its nutritional value to Atlantic salmon: INFORM (International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials), v. 4, no. 4.","productDescription":"517 p.","startPage":"517","numberOfPages":"517","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, G.H.","contributorId":18318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltusis, F.","contributorId":60163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltusis","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012907,"text":"1012907 - 1993 - Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:34:36.790817","indexId":"1012907","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for &gt;2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain &gt;9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1349","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1993, Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska: Arctic, v. 46, no. 3, p. 246-250, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.34481672551635,\n              67.58870870793487\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.61662871693238,\n              69.88698952191177\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.30081776744103,\n              68.55041162016985\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.04234117554694,\n              67.92226553041144\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.82553545283858,\n              69.76796795696842\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.70233703921335,\n              69.98336322592374\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.25169355339708,\n              70.24352252107704\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.72467805004675,\n              71.0099231501892\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.35456076031357,\n              71.57600605338166\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.29621670736745,\n              70.4749164752956\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.33243997214547,\n              69.25138380398332\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.45366213502464,\n              68.87935502594922\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.34481672551635,\n              67.58870870793487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018341,"text":"70018341 - 1993 - Aerobic and anaerobic degradation of a range of alkyl sulfides by a denitrifying marine bacterium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:36:31.076145","indexId":"70018341","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerobic and anaerobic degradation of a range of alkyl sulfides by a denitrifying marine bacterium","docAbstract":"<p>A pure culture of a bacterium was obtained from a marine microbial mat by using an anoxic medium containing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and nitrate. The isolate grew aerobically or anaerobically as a denitrifier on alkyl sulfides, including DMS, dimethyl disulfide, diethyl sulfide (DES), ethyl methyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, and dibutyl disulfide. Cells grown on an alkyl sulfide or disulfide also oxidized the corresponding thiols, namely, methanethiol, ethanethiol, propanethiol, or butanethiol. Alkyl sulfides were metabolized by induced or derepressed cells with oxygen, nitrate, or nitrite as electron acceptor. Cells grown on DMS immediately metabolized DMS, but there was a lag before DES was consumed; with DES-grown cells, DES was immediately used but DMS was used only after a lag. Chloramphenicol prevented the eventual use of DES by DMS-grown cells and DMS use by DES-grown cells, respectively, indicating separate enzymes for the metabolism of methyl and ethyl groups. Growth was rapid on formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate but slow on methanol. The organism also grew chemolithotrophically on thiosulfate with a decrease in pH; growth required carbonate in the medium. Growth on sulfide was also carbonate dependent but slow. The isolate was identified as a <i>Thiobacillus</i> sp. and designated strain ASN-1. It may have utility for removing alkyl sulfides, and also nitrate, nitrite, and sulfide, from wastewaters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.59.12.4083-4089.1993","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Visscher, P., and Taylor, B., 1993, Aerobic and anaerobic degradation of a range of alkyl sulfides by a denitrifying marine bacterium: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 59, no. 12, p. 4083-4089, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.12.4083-4089.1993.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4083","endPage":"4089","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.12.4083-4089.1993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Sapelo Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  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,{"id":1012868,"text":"1012868 - 1993 - Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:20:07","indexId":"1012868","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","title":"Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated age at sexual maturity and age-specific reproductive rates by examining carcasses and reproductive tracts from 177 female sea otters <i>(Enhydra lutris</i>). Carcasses were recovered from south-central Alaska, Primarily from western Prince William Sound, as a result of the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. We found 65% of our sample to be sexually mature. Sexual maturity was first attained at age 2. The proportion of sexually mature animals increased from 30% at age 2 to 100% at age 5. Annual reproductive rates increased from 22% at age 2 to 78% at age 5 and remained relatively stable (75-88%) through to age 15. the sex ratio (female:male) of 49 fetal sea otters was 18:37 and differed significantly from parity. Females younger than 8 tended to produce more female fetuses, while older mothers did not. Our estimates of the reproductive characteristics of female sea otters obtained by examination of reproductive tracts were similiar to those reported in the literature based on in situ observations of marked individuals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-258","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Mulcahy, D.M., and Lensink, C.J., 1993, Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1811-1815, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-258.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1815","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1012816,"text":"1012816 - 1993 - Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T16:58:01.644744","indexId":"1012816","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is used by lesser snow geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>) in autumn for premigratory staging. To better understand the potential impacts of human disturbance on snow geese, we investigated species composition of, and temporal and age-related variation in, their diet during staging. Depending on age and time of collection, between 35.2 and 94.1% of the diet (aggregate percent wet mass, <i>n</i> = 75) consisted of 2 species of plants; underground stems of tall cotton-grass (<i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i>), and aerial shoots of northern scouring rush (<i>Equisetum variegatum</i>). The diet varied between August and September (<i>P</i> = 0.0089), morning and afternoon (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), but not between age classes (<i>P</i> = 0.066). Throughout staging, snow geese consumed more tall cotton-grass during the afternoon than during the morning (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Tall cotton-grass was a larger component of the afternoon diet in September than in August (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In September, snow geese consumed more northern scouring rush in the mornings than in the afternoon (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Nighttime freezing, interspecific differences in nutritional quality, and plant senescence likely constrained the diet of snow geese to a small number of food items. Because alternative foods may not be available, human disturbance should be minimized in areas that provide these forage species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809000","usgsCitation":"Brackney, A.W., and Hupp, J.W., 1993, Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 1, p. 55-61, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809000.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144.6585941797466,\n              70.27784922631818\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.6585941797466,\n              69.20794411165741\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.73936785309067,\n              69.20794411165741\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.73936785309067,\n              70.27784922631818\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.6585941797466,\n              70.27784922631818\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66809f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brackney, Alan W.","contributorId":60982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018316,"text":"70018316 - 1993 - Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018316","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Earthquake ground motions in North Sulawesi on soft soil that have a 90% probability of not been exceeded in 560 years are estimated to be 0.63 g (63% of the acceleration of gravity) at Palu, 0.31 g at Gorontalo, and 0.27 g at Manado. Estimated ground motions for rock conditions for the same probability level and exposure time are 56% of those for soft soil. The hazard estimates are obtained from seismic sources that model the earthquake potential to a depth of 100 km beneath northern and central Sulawesi and include the Palu fault zone of western Sulawesi, the North Sulawesi subduction zone, and the southern most segment of the Sangihe subduction zone beneath the Molucca Sea. An attenuation relation based on Japanese strong-motion data and considered appropriate for subduction environments of the western Pacific was used in determination of ground motions. Following the 18 April 1990 North Sulawesi earthquake (Ms 7.3) a seismic hazard and risk assessment was carried out. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1585707","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Thenhaus, P., Hanson, S., Effendi, I., Kertapati, E., and Algermissen, S.T., 1993, Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia: Earthquake Spectra, v. 9, no. 1, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585707.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585707"},{"id":227597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b63e4b0c8380cd79400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenhaus, P.C.","contributorId":46089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenhaus","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, S.L.","contributorId":47361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Effendi, I.","contributorId":36810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Effendi","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kertapati, E.K.","contributorId":82986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kertapati","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017385,"text":"70017385 - 1993 - Geologic and geomorphic controls of coal development in some Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T00:39:47.417812","indexId":"70017385","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and geomorphic controls of coal development in some Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Previous investigations have not well defined the controls on the development of minable coals in fluvial environments. This study was undertaken to provide a clearer understanding of these controls, particularly in of the lower Tertiary coal-bearing deposits of the Raton and Powder River basins in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. In this region, large amounts of coals accumulated in swamps formed in the flow-through fluvial systems that infilled these intermontane basins. Extrabasinal and intrabasinal tectonism partly controlled the stratigraphic and facies distributions of minable coal deposits. The regional accumulation of coals was favored by the rapid basin subsidence coupled with minimal uplift of the source area. During these events, coals developed in swamps associated with anastomosed and meandering fluvial systems and alluvial fans. The extensive and high rate of sediment input from these fluvial systems promoted the formation of ombrotrophic, raised swamps, which produced low ash and anomalously thick coals. The petrology and palynology of these coals, and the paleobotany of the associated sediments, suggest that ombrotrophic, raised swamps were common in the Powder River Basin, where the climate during the early Tertiary was paratropical. The paleoecology of these swamps is identical to that of the modern ombrotrophic, raised swamps of the Baram and Mahakam Rivers of Borneo.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(93)90043-A","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., 1993, Geologic and geomorphic controls of coal development in some Tertiary Rocky Mountain basins, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 23, no. 1-4, p. 43-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(93)90043-A.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18e0e4b0c8380cd55830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017762,"text":"70017762 - 1993 - Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017762","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada","docAbstract":"Three carbonate-rich spring deposits are present near the southern end of Crater Flat, NV, approximately 18 km southwest of the potential high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain. We have analyzed five samples of carbonate-rich material from two of the deposits for U and Th isotopic compositions. Resulting U-series disequilibrium ages indicate that springs were active at 18 ?? 1, 30 ?? 3, 45 ?? 4 and >70 ka. These ages are consistent with a crude internal stratigraphy at one site. Identical ages for two samples at two separate sites suggest that springs were contemporaneous, at least in part, and were most likely part of the same hydrodynamic system. In addition, initial U isotopic compositions range from 2.8 to 3.8 and strongly suggest that ground water from the regional Tertiary-volcanic aquifer provided the source for these hydrogenic deposits. This interpretation, along with water level data from near-by wells suggest that the water table rose approximately 80 to 115 m above present levels during the late Quaternary and may have fluctuated repeatedly. Current data are insufficient to allow reconstruction of a detailed depositional history, however geochronological data are in good agreement with other paleoclimatic proxy records preserved throughout the region. Since these deposits are down gradient from the potential repository site, the possibility of higher ground water levels in the future dramatically shortens both vertical and lateral ground water pathways and reduces travel times of transported radionuclides to potential discharge sites.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Taylor, E.M., and Bush, C., 1993, Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1573-1580.","startPage":"1573","endPage":"1580","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4556e4b0c8380cd67223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Charles","contributorId":26466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018346,"text":"70018346 - 1993 - Kinematic stratification in the hinterland of the central Scandinavian Caledonides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T00:00:29.898034","indexId":"70018346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic stratification in the hinterland of the central Scandinavian Caledonides","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>A transect through west-central Norway illustrates the changing geometry and kinematics of collision in the hinterland of the central Scandinavian Caledonides. A depth section through the crust is exposed on Fosen Peninsula, comprising three tectonic units separated by two shear zones. The lowest unit, exposed in the Roan window, is a modestly deformed, Caledonian granulite complex framed by a subhorizontal décollement, with NW-SE oriented lineations and kinematic indicators showing top-to-the-northwest transport. The middle unit, the Vestranden gneiss complex, contains relict granulites, but was penetratively deformed at amphibolite facies to produce an orogen-parallel family of structures during translation on the décollement. Shallow plunging lineations on steep schistosities are subparallel to fold axes of the dominant, upright, non-cylindrical folds. A small component of sinistral strike slip is also recorded. In contrast, southernmost Fosen Peninsula contains an abundance of cover rocks infolded with Proterozoic basement in a fold nappe, with shallow, E-dipping schistosities, down-dip lineations, and orogen-oblique, top-to-the-west shear sense indicators. A NE-striking, sinistral shear zone separates the gneisses from southern Fosen. Deformation in the Scandian hinterland was partitioned both in space and time, with orogen-parallel extension and shear at middle structural levels and orogen-oblique transport at shallower levels.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(93)90152-Z","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Gilotti, J.A., and Hull, J., 1993, Kinematic stratification in the hinterland of the central Scandinavian Caledonides: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 15, no. 3-5, p. 629-646, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(93)90152-Z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a409de4b0c8380cd64ed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilotti, J. A.","contributorId":15776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilotti","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J.M.","contributorId":53969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017921,"text":"70017921 - 1993 - Lime-mud layers in high-energy tidal channels: A record of hurricane deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:22:38","indexId":"70017921","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lime-mud layers in high-energy tidal channels: A record of hurricane deposition","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper \"><p>During or immediately following the transit of Hurricane Andrew (August 23-24, 1992) across the northern part of the Great Bahama Bank, thin laminated beds of carbonate mud were deposited in high-energy subtidal channels (4 m depth) through the ooid shoals of south Cat Cay and Joulters Cays. During our reconnaissance seven weeks later, we observed lime-mud beds exposed in the troughs of submarine oolite dunes and ripples. The mud layers were underlain and locally covered by ooid sand. The mud beds were lenticular and up to 5 cm thick. Their bases cast the underlying rippled surface. The layers were composed of soft silt- and sand-sized pellets and peloids and in some areas contained freshly preserved<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Thalassia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>blades and other organic debris along planes of lamination. The beds had a gelatinous consistency and locally had been penetrated by burrowers and plants. Layers of lime mud had also settled on bioturbated, plant-stabilized flats and in lagoonal settings but were quickly reworked and made unrecognizable by the burrowing of organisms. Thicker, more cohesive (and therefore older) mud beds and angular mud fragments associated with ooids from Joulters Cays have similar characteristics but lack fresh plant fragments. We infer that these older beds were similarly deposited and thus record the passage of previous hurricanes or tropical storms. Storm layers are preserved within channel sediments because migrating ooids prevent attack by the burrowing activity off organisms.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0603:LMLIHE>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Steinen, R., Dill, R., and Major, R., 1993, Lime-mud layers in high-energy tidal channels: A record of hurricane deposition: Geology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 603-606, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0603:LMLIHE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"606","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bahamas, United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.96923828125,\n              24.87646991083154\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.870849609375,\n              24.87646991083154\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.870849609375,\n              26.775039386999605\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.96923828125,\n              26.775039386999605\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.96923828125,\n              24.87646991083154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4782e4b0c8380cd6789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinen, R.P.","contributorId":26450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinen","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dill, R.F.","contributorId":27618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dill","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Major, R.","contributorId":76897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017738,"text":"70017738 - 1993 - Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017738","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"Permafrost has been suggested as a high-latitude source of methane (a greenhouse gas) during global warming. To begin to assess the magnitude of this source, we have examined the methane content of permafrost in samples from shallow cores (maximum depth, 9.5m) at three sites in Fairbanks, Alaska, where discontinuous permafrost is common. These cores sampled frozen loess, peat, and water (ice) below the active layer. Methane contents of permafrost range from <0.001 to 22.2mg/kg of sample. The highest methane content of 22.2mg/kg was found in association with peat at one site. Silty loess had high methane contents at each site of 6.56, 4.24, and 0.152mg/kg, respectively. Carbon isotopic compositions of the methane (??13C) ranged from -70.8 to -103.9 ???, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the methane (??D) from -213 to -313 ???, indicating that the methane is microbial in origin. The methane concentrations were used in a one dimensional heat conduction model to predict the amount of methane that will be released from permafrost worldwide over the next 100 years, given two climate change scenarios. Our results indicate that at least 30 years will elapse before melting permafrost releases important amounts of methane; a maximum methane release rate will be about 25 to 30 Tg/yr, assuming that methane is generally distributed in shallow permafrost as observed in our samples.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1993, Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska, <i>in</i> Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 1-4, p. 609-616.","startPage":"609","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552fe4b0c8380cd6d162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018358,"text":"70018358 - 1993 - Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major types of uranium deposits occur in China: granite, volcanic, sandstone, and carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock. These types are major sources of uranium in many parts of the world and account for about 95 percent of Chinese production. Descriptive models for each of these types record the diagnostic regional and local geologic features of the deposits that are important to genetic studies, exploration, and resource assessment. A fifth type of uranium deposit, metasomatite, is also modeled because of its high potential for production. These five types of uranium deposits occur irregularly in five tectonic provinces distributed from the northwest through central to southern China. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257556","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Feng, S., Zuyi, C., and McCammon, R., 1993, Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556"},{"id":227598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff29e4b0c8380cd4f05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.","contributorId":49665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuyi, C.","contributorId":81754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuyi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014906,"text":"1014906 - 1993 - Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:34:09.628555","indexId":"1014906","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>)","title":"Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Juvenile white sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser transmontanus</i><span>) were fed three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 35% D-glucose (HC), a mixture of 20% dextrin and 10% cellulose (MC), or 23% cellulose (LC), to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on liver function. After 8-week feeding, body weight gain of fish fed the HC diet was consistently higher than that of fish fed the MC and LC diets, but was not significantly different from the MC-fed fish. Fish fed the HC diet had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher feed efficiencies and liver glycogen concentrations than fish fed the MC and LC diets. Sturgeon were injected intravenously with 10 mg kg</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;body weight of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and post-injection blood taken from the caudal vein at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. No significant differences in plasma BSP concentrations were found among the treatments at these times. Plasma hemoglobin and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were not affected by the diets. This study suggests that the HC diet does not adversely affect liver function or weight gain. Inclusion of high dietary levels of digestible and inexpensive carbohydrates in commercial sturgeon feeds seems promising, but long-term feeding trials should be conducted to confirm this assertion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00004416","usgsCitation":"Fynn-Aikins, K., Hung, S.S., and Hughes, S.G., 1993, Effects of feeding a high level of D-glucose on liver function juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004416.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fynn-Aikins, K.","contributorId":34080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fynn-Aikins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hung, S. S. O.","contributorId":76275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017694,"text":"70017694 - 1993 - Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017694","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Net infiltration and recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high level nuclear waste repository, are determined both by the rock properties and past and future changes in climate. A 1-dimensional model was constructed to represent a borehole being drilled through the unsaturated zone. The rock properties were matched to the lithologies expected to be encountered in the borehole. As current paleoclimate theory assumes that 18O increases with wetter and cooler global climates, a past climate scenario, built on depletion of 18O from ocean sediments was used as a basis for climate change over the past 700,000 years. The climate change was simulated by assigning net infiltration values as a linear function of 8O. Assuming the rock properties, lithologies and climate scenarios are correct, simulations indicated that Yucca Mountain is not in steady state equilibrium at the surface (<75 meters) when compared to measured data, but that the system could be at steady state conditions at depths of >250 meters. Based on the cyclic climate inputs, the near surface is currently in a long term drying trend (for the last 3,000 years) yet recharge into the water table is continuing to occur at an average rate equivalent to the average input rate of the climate model, indicating that conditions at depth are damped out over very long time periods. The Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded units, positioned between the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring welded Tuff Members, do not appear to act as capillary barrier and therefore would not perch water. The low porosity vitric caprock and basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Member, however, act as restrictive layers. The higher porosity rock directly above the caprock reduces the potential for the caprock to perch water leaving the basal vitrophyre as the most likely location for perched water to develop.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.I., Flint, L.E., and Hevesi, J.A., 1993, Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 152-159.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b4fe4b0c8380cd623fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan I.","contributorId":72952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017920,"text":"70017920 - 1993 - Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:22:57","indexId":"70017920","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container article__body\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div id=\"panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs\" class=\"panels-ajax-tab-container\" data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded=\"jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panel-display panel-1col clearfix\"><div class=\"panel-panel panel-col\"><div><div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div class=\"highwire-markup\"><div id=\"content-block-markup\" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\" data-highwire-glossary-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\"><div class=\"article abstract-view \"><div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Paleowaters from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain have higher D/H and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O ratios than local Holocene ground water. Maximum δ<sup>18</sup>O enrichments in ground water having adjusted radiocarbon ages of 20,000 to 26,000 years are 0.7 to 2.3 per mil. The trend in isotopic enrichment in paleowaters is the reverse of that normally observed in continental glacial age ground water. Dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations indicate, however, that the average recharge temperature was 5.3°C cooler than that today. The data indicate cool conditions in the southeast Atlantic coastal plain during the last glacial maximum, with recharge limited primarily to late summer tropical cyclones and hurricanes.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.262.5142.2016","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., 1993, Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States: Science, v. 262, no. 5142, p. 2016-2020, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5142.2016.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2016","endPage":"2020","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"262","issue":"5142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9676e4b08c986b31b506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017492,"text":"70017492 - 1993 - Geophysical investigations of the tectonic boundary between East and West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T13:47:14","indexId":"70017492","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical investigations of the tectonic boundary between East and West Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), which separate the West Antarctic rift system from the stable shield of East Antarctica, are the largest mountains developed adjacent to a rift. The cause of uplift of mountains bordering rifts is poorly understood. One notion based on observations of troughs next to many uplifted blocks is that isostatic rebound produces a coeval uplift and subsidence. The results of an over-snow seismic experiment in Antarctica do not show evidence for a trough next to the TAM but indicate the extension of rifted mantle lithosphere under the TAM. Furthermore, stretching preceded the initiation of uplift, which suggests thermal buoyancy as the cause for uplift.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.261.5117.45","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Bannister, S., Beaudoin, B.C., and Stern, T., 1993, Geophysical investigations of the tectonic boundary between East and West Antarctica: Science, v. 261, no. 5117, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5117.45.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"261","issue":"5117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2836e4b0c8380cd59f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bannister, S.","contributorId":40355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaudoin, B. C.","contributorId":17629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, T.A.","contributorId":53544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018351,"text":"70018351 - 1993 - Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T23:00:00.356103","indexId":"70018351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The effect of Cl complexation in extracts of a flue gas-scrubber incinerator fly ash sample on the sorption of Cd and Pb by kaolinite and illite was investigated using batch-sorption methods. In the pH range of 5 to 9, Cl complexation may reduce sorption and thus increase the mobility of these metals. When an ash—water suspension was acidified to pH 6.85, the dissolution of Cl and Ca essentially eliminated Cd sorption because of complexation and cationic competition. Cadmium would be considered as either mobile or very mobile under these conditions. Lead was not soluble in the pH-6.85 suspension. At pH 12, the approximate pH of water in contact with flue gas-scrubber fly ash, Cd was essentially insoluble and Pb occurred as anionic Pb hydroxide. Anionic Pb was sorbed by the two clays, and the extent of sorption was not influenced by Cl or carbonate complexation. Sorption constants, derived from isotherms, suggested that Pb would be relatively immobile in saturated soil—water systems. The recent concern that highly alkaline, flue gas-scrubber fly ash may release environmentally significant concentrations of mobile Pb when placed in an ash-disposal site with a soil liner should be reevaluated in light of this study.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030019x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., Krapac, I., and Steele, J., 1993, Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 3, p. 537-543, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030019x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930de4b08c986b31a25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, J.D.","contributorId":22093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017503,"text":"70017503 - 1993 - A vacuum hammer seismic source for underground use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:12:12","indexId":"70017503","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A vacuum hammer seismic source for underground use","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)92223-D","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., 1993, A vacuum hammer seismic source for underground use: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 5, p. 559-565, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)92223-D.","startPage":"559","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265938,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)92223-D"},{"id":228423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60fe4b0c8380cd47131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014585,"text":"1014585 - 1993 - Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T16:16:04.564145","indexId":"1014585","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":775,"text":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","title":"Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Five soya-bean preparations that had been subjected to various physicochemical processing procedures were chemically defined in respect to proximate analysis, amino acid analyses, protease inhibitor activity, soluble oligosaccharides and antigenicity. These soya preparations were then formulated, along with a low-temperature fish meal control, into six isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) in feeding trials as well as in tests using specially constructed metabolic chambers. Based on the chemical and biological results, we concluded that soya-bean oligosaccharides do not have to be removed or modified for maximum growth or nitrogen utilization by rainbow trout. Likewise, the protease or trypsin inhibitor activity, which was low for all experimental treatments, did not appear to be a major factor in determining fish performance. Although the results regarding naturally occurring soya antigens only suggested allergenicity, it is concluded that more attention should be focused on these heat-stable proteins with antigenic or allergenic potential in fish diets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Hughes, S.G., and Winfree, R., 1993, Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winfree, Robert","contributorId":33619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfree","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018349,"text":"70018349 - 1993 - An exsolution silica-pump model for the origin of myrmekite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exsolution silica-pump model for the origin of myrmekite","docAbstract":"Myrmekite, as defined here, is the microscopic intergrowth between vermicular quartz and modestly anorthitic plagioclase (calcic albite-oligoclase), intimately associated with potassium feldspar in plutonic rocks of granitic composition. Hypotheses previously invoked in explanation of myrmekite include: (1) direct crystallization; (2) replacement; (3) exsolution. The occurrence of myrmekite in paragneisses and its absence in rocks devold of discrete grains of potassium feldspar challenge those hypotheses based on direct crystallization or replacement. However, several lines of evidence indicate that myrmekite may in fact originate in response to kinetic effects associated with the exsolution of calcic alkali feldspar into discrete potassium feldspar and plagioclase phases. Exsolution of potassium feldspar system projected from [AlSi2O8] involves the exchange CaAlK-1Si-1, in which the AlSi-1 tetrahedral couple is resistant to intracrystalline diffusion. By contrast, diffusion of octahedral K proceeds relatively easily where it remains uncoupled to the tetrahedral exchange. We suggest here that where the ternary feldspar system is open to excess silica, the exchange reaction that produces potassium feldspar in the ternary plane is aided by the net-transfer reaction K+Si=Orthoclase, leaving behind indigenous Si that reports as modal quartz in the evolving plagioclase as the CaAl component is concomitantly incorporated in this same phase. Thus silica is \"pumped\" into the reaction volume from a \"silica reservoir\", a process that enhances redistribution of both Si and Al through the exsolving ternary feldspar. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00712978","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., and Lindsley, D., 1993, An exsolution silica-pump model for the origin of myrmekite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 115, no. 1, p. 58-65, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712978.","startPage":"58","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712978"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6be4b0c8380cd48854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, R. O.","contributorId":79880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsley, D.H.","contributorId":89265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsley","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017407,"text":"70017407 - 1993 - Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T12:26:10.372875","indexId":"70017407","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water is the main source of domestic and public supply in the Carson River Basin. Ground water originates as precipitation primarily in the Sierra Nevada in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys, and flows down gradient in the direction of the Carson River through Dayton and Churchill Valleys to a terminal sink in the Carson Desert. Because radionuclides dissolved in ground water can pose a threat to human health, the distribution and sources of several naturally occurring radionuclides that contribute to gross-alpha and gross-beta activities in the study area were investigated. Generally, alpha and beta activities and U concentration increase from the up-gradient to down-gradient hydrographic areas of the Carson River Basin, whereas<sup>222</sup>Rn concentration decreases. Both<sup>226</sup>Ra and<sup>228</sup>Ra concentrations are similar throughout the study area. Alpha and beta activities and U concentration commonly exceed 100 pCi/l in the Carson Desert at the distal end of the flow system. Radon-222 commonly exceeds 2,000 pCi/l in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys adjacent to the Sierra Nevada. Radium-226 and<sup>228</sup>Ra concentrations are &lt;5pCi/l. Four ground water samples were analyzed for<sup>210</sup>Po and one sample contained a high concentration of 21 pCi/l. Seven samples were analyzed for<sup>210</sup>Pb; six contained &lt;3pCi/l and one contained 12 pCi/l. Thorium-230 was detected at concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 pCi/l in two of four samples.</p><p>Alpha-emitting radionuclides in the ground water originated from the dissolution of U-rich granitic rocks in the Sierra Nevada by CO<sub>2</sub>, oxygenated water. Dissolution of primary minerals, mainly titanite (sphene) in the granitic rocks, releases U to the water. Dissolved U is probably removed from the water by adsorption on Fe- and Mn-oxide coatings on fracture surfaces and fine-grained sediment, by adsorption on organic matter, and by coprecipitation with Fe and Mn oxides. These coated sediments are transported throughout the basin by fluvial processes. Thus, U is transported as dissolved and adsorbed species. A rise in the water table in the Carson Desert because of irrigation has resulted in the oxidation of U-rich organic matter and dissolution of U-bearing coatings on sediments, producing unusually high U concentration in the ground water.</p><p>Alpha activity in the ground water is almost entirely from the decay of U dissolved in the water. Beta activity in ground water samples is primarily from the decay of<sup>40</sup>K dissolved in the water and ingrowth of<sup>238</sup>U progeny in the sample before analysis. Approximately one-half of the measured beta activity may not be present in ground water in the aquifer, but instead is produced in the sample after collection and before analysis. Potassium-40 is primarily from the dissolution of K-containing minerals, probably K-feldspar and biotite. Radon-222 is primarily from the decay of<sup>226</sup>Ra in the aquifer materials. Radium in the ground water is thought to be mainly from alpha recoil associated with the decay of Th in the aquifer material. Some Ra may be from dissolution (or desorption) or Ra-rich coatings on sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(93)90075-R","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., Welch, A., Lico, M., Hughes, J.L., and Whitney, R., 1993, Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 5, p. 447-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90075-R.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.77808191049472,\n              40.330949687966836\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77808191049472,\n              38.2575185828108\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25229909191118,\n              38.2575185828108\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25229909191118,\n              40.330949687966836\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77808191049472,\n              40.330949687966836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a941ce4b0c8380cd811f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lico, M.S.","contributorId":36573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, J. L.","contributorId":34940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, R.","contributorId":94808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017705,"text":"70017705 - 1993 - Systematics, biostratigraphy, and dental evolution of the Palaeothentidae, later Oligocene to early-middle Miocene (Deseadan- Santacrucian) caenolestoid marsupials of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T11:27:59.07076","indexId":"70017705","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematics, biostratigraphy, and dental evolution of the Palaeothentidae, later Oligocene to early-middle Miocene (Deseadan- Santacrucian) caenolestoid marsupials of South America","docAbstract":"<p>The family Palaeothentidae contains some of the dentally more specialized of the small-bodied marsupials of South America and was a clade almost equivalent with the Abderitidae in having been the most abundant caenolestoids. They were unquestionably the most diverse, containing two subfamilies, nine genera, and 19 species, with a distribution ranging from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego. The best and most continuous record of the Palaeothentidae is from Patagonian Argentina where eight genera and 17 species are recognized. There, the Palaeothentidae ranged in age from the Deseadan (later Oligocene) through the late Santacrucian (middle Miocene—the Santacrucian record lasting from about 19.4 m.y. to considerably less than 16.05 m.y. before the present). The family appears to have survived longer in Colombia. The palaeothentine<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Palaeothentes boliviensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Bolivia) and the incertae sedis genus and species<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Hondathentes cazador</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Colombia) are the only taxa restricted to an extra-Argentine distribution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000062107","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Bown, T.M., and Fleagle, J., 1993, Systematics, biostratigraphy, and dental evolution of the Palaeothentidae, later Oligocene to early-middle Miocene (Deseadan- Santacrucian) caenolestoid marsupials of South America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, no. 2 Suppl., 76 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000062107.","productDescription":"76 p.","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba374e4b08c986b31fce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleagle, J.G.","contributorId":80831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleagle","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017346,"text":"70017346 - 1993 - Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","docAbstract":"Quantitative approaches to data analysis in the last decade have become important in basin modeling and mineral-resource estimation. The interrelation of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geohydrological variables is important in adjusting a model to a real-world situation. Revealing the interdependences of variables can contribute in understanding the processes interacting in sedimentary basins. It is reasonably simple to compare spatial data of the same type but more difficult if different properties are involved. Statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis or principal components analysis, or some algebraic approaches can be used to ascertain the relations of standardized spatial data. In this example, structural configuration on five different stratigraphic horizons, one total sediment thickness map, and four maps of geothermal data were copared. As expected, the structural maps are highly related because all had undergone about the same deformation with differing degrees of intensity. The temperature gradients derived (1) from shallow borehole logging measurements under equilibrium conditions with the surrounding rock, and (2) from non-equilibrium bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) from deeper depths are mainly independent of each other. This was expected and confirmed also for the two temperature maps at 1000 ft which were constructed using both types of gradient values. Thus, it is evident that the use of a 2-point (BHT and surface temperature) straightline calculation of a mean temperature gradient gives different information about the geothermal regime than using gradients from temperatures logged under equilibrium conditions. Nevertheless, it is useful to determine to what a degree the larger dataset of nonequilibrium temperatures could reflect quantitative relationships to geologic conditions. Comparing all maps of geothermal information vs. the structural and the sediment thickness maps, it was determined that all correlations are moderately negative or slightly positive. These results are clearly shown by the cluster analysis and the principal components. Considering a close relationship between temperature and thermal conductivity of the sediments as observed for most of the Midcontinent area and relatively homogeneous heat-flow density conditions for the study area these results support the following assumptions: (1) undifferentiated geothermal gradients, computed from temperatures of different depth intervals and differing sediment properties, cannot contribute to an improved understanding of the temperature structure and its controls within the sedimentary cover, and (2) the quantitative approach of revealing such relations needs refined datasets of temperature information valid for the different depth levels or stratigraphic units. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00891052","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., and Brower, J., 1993, Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 937-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052.","startPage":"937","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052"},{"id":225019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a76ee4b0e8fec6cdc468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brower, J.C.","contributorId":37081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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