The upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district includes the southwest part of Wisconsin, the northwest corner of Illinois, and a narrow fringe of Iowa extending from Bellevue to McGregor, just west of the Mississippi River. The total area of the district is 4,000 square miles. The entire district is drained by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The central part is a rolling plain dissected to a depth of about 300 feet by the larger stream valleys. Marginal parts of the district are relatively hilly. Most of the district lies within the so-called \"Driftless Area\", but glacial deposits occur in the eastern, southeastern, and western fringes of the district.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp309","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, the Iowa Geological Survey, and the Illinois State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Heyl, A.V., Agnew, A.F., Lyons, E.J., Behre, C.H., and Flint, A., 1959, The Geology of the Upper Mississippi Valley Zinc-Lead District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 309, Report: x, 310 p.; 24 Plates: 61.5 x 37.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp309.","productDescription":"Report: x, 310 p.; 24 Plates: 61.5 x 37.5 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological 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States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.51885986328125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -89.26391601562499,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -89.26391601562499,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -91.51885986328125,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -91.51885986328125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heyl, Allen V. Jr.","contributorId":81168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, Allen F.","contributorId":105702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, Erwin J.","contributorId":87124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Erwin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behre, Charles H. Jr.","contributorId":14880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behre","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Arthur E.","contributorId":45300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Arthur E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":39043,"text":"pp321 - 1959 - Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T14:56:35","indexId":"pp321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"321","title":"Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp321","usgsCitation":"Cooke, C.W., 1959, Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 321, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp321.","productDescription":"106 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":268409,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0321/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6a52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, C. Wythe","contributorId":81538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wythe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2948,"text":"wsp1504 - 1959 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1957, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"wsp1504","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1504","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1957, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1504","usgsCitation":"Wells, J.V., 1959, Surface water supply of the United States, 1957, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1504, x, 436 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1504.","productDescription":"x, 436 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69610f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, J. V. B.","contributorId":57037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36259,"text":"b1072K - 1959 - Geology and oil and gas possibilities of upper Mississippian rocks of southwestern Virginia, southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T18:46:47.689656","indexId":"b1072K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1072","chapter":"K","title":"Geology and oil and gas possibilities of upper Mississippian rocks of southwestern Virginia, southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1072K","usgsCitation":"Wilpolt, R.H., and Marden, D.W., 1959, Geology and oil and gas possibilities of upper Mississippian rocks of southwestern Virginia, southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1072, Report: iv, 70 p.; 3 Plates: 55.00 × 40.21 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1072K.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 3 Plates: 55.00 × 40.21 inches or smaller","startPage":"587","endPage":"656","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109284,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20723.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20723"},{"id":64205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1072k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1072k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":97333,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1072k/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97332,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1072k/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97331,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1072k/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilpolt, Ralph H.","contributorId":42244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilpolt","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marden, Douglas W.","contributorId":74030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marden","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2391,"text":"wsp1460G - 1959 - Ground-water resources of the lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek basins, Nebraska and South Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10806,"text":"ofr5794 - 1957 - Preliminary estimate of the underflow across the South Dakota-Nebraska State line in the Niobrara River and Ponca Creek drainage basins","indexId":"ofr5794","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary estimate of the underflow across the South Dakota-Nebraska State line in the Niobrara River and Ponca Creek drainage basins"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2391,"text":"wsp1460G - 1959 - Ground-water resources of the lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek basins, Nebraska and South Dakota","indexId":"wsp1460G","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water resources of the lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek basins, Nebraska and South Dakota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T22:10:07.828778","indexId":"wsp1460G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1460","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water resources of the lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek basins, Nebraska and South Dakota","docAbstract":"This report describes the area in north-central Nebraska and south-central South Dakota drained by Ponca Creek and by the Niobrara River below Valentine, Nebr. The Niobrara River and Ponca Creek are neighboring eastward flowing tributaries of the Missouri River. The Dakota sandstone of Cretaceous age is the oldest formation tapped by wells; the water it yields to wells in small to moderate quantities is rather highly mineralized and very hard; it is unsuitable for irrigation and most domestic uses. Overlying the Dakota, in ascending order, are the following formations of Cretaceous age: the Graneros shale, Greenhorn limestone, Carlile shale, Niobrara formation, and Pierre shale. None of these is a source of water supply. The Niobrara is the oldest formation exposed, cropping out in only the deeper valleys at the eastern end of the area. The Pierre shale, which is exposed much more extensively, crops out in the deeper valleys throughout nearly all the area.
\nExcept where the Niobrara River, its major tributaries, and Ponca Creek have cut their valleys into them, the Cretaceous rocks are overlain by semiconsolidated rocks of Tertiary age. Two Tertiary formations, the Brule and the Ogallala, are present in the area. The Brule formation underlies all the western part of the area and is exposed in the valleys of both the Niobrara and Keya Paha Rivers. The Ogallala formation, which overlaps the Brule, forms the upland on both sides of the river and is exposed in many places. The Brule is not a source of water supply, whereas the Ogallala yields small to moderately large quantities of water to many wells on the upland. The water in the Ogallala is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is moderately mineralized and hard.
\nUnconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age mantle the Tertiary rocks throughout nearly all the upland area south of the Niobrara River and in parts of the upland area north of the river. They also floor the Niobrara River valley. Where saturated, these sediments, which consist of stream-deposited sand and gravel and wind-deposited sand, yield small to large amounts of water to wells. The water in the Quaternary deposits is of the calcium bicarbonate type but is less mineralized and softer than that in the Ogallala.
\nThe only significant source of recharge to the Dakota sandstone in the report area is underflow from the west. Except for waiter yielded to wells tapping the Dakota, water in the formation is discharged from the area by underflow to the east. In the upland part of the area, the Ogallala formation and the overlying deposits of Quaternary age constitute a single aquifer, water moving from one Into the other without apparent hindrance. This aquifer is recharged principally by the direct infiltration of precipitation but in part also by underflow from the west and south and by seepage from intermittent streams and ponds. Water is discharged from the upland aquifer by outflow through springs or seepage into streams, through the process of evapotranspiration, and by wells when they are pumped. Ground water leaves the report area by underflow where the Quaternary deposits in the valleys of the Niobrara River and Ponca Creek merge with the Quaternary deposits in the Missouri River valley.
\nIn places where the Niobrara formation, the Pierre shale, or the Brule formation is at the surface or is mantled by thin deposits of the Ogallala or thin deposits of Quaternary age, only meager amounts of ground water can be obtained unless wells are deep enough to tap the Dakota sandstone. Elsewhere the Ogallala formation and the deposits of Quaternary age generally yield ample water for domestic and stock supplies, and in some places, notably in the vicinity of Ainsworth, they yield enough water for irrigation. Additional large supplies of ground water could be obtained on the upland in the southwestern and west-central parts of the area.
\nThe report contains an annotated bibliography of previous publications on the geology and ground-water resources of the area, brief descriptions of the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks, a map showing the contour of the water table, logs of test holes and wells not published elsewhere, results of analyses of ground- and surface-water samples, and records of all wells of large discharge and representative wells of small discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/wsp1460G","usgsCitation":"Newport, T., and Krieger, R.A., 1959, Ground-water resources of the lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek basins, Nebraska and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1460, iv, 323 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1460G.","productDescription":"iv, 323 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109946,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24392.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24392"},{"id":28368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1460g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1460g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Niobrara River, Ponca Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a5ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newport, Thomas G.","contributorId":93462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newport","given":"Thomas G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krieger, Robert A.","contributorId":99954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68991,"text":"om195 - 1959 - Geologic map of the eastern Puente Hills, Los Angeles basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T16:27:38","indexId":"om195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":329,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Map","code":"OM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"195","title":"Geologic map of the eastern Puente Hills, Los Angeles basin, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/om195","usgsCitation":"Durham, D., and Yerkes, R.F., 1959, Geologic map of the eastern Puente Hills, Los Angeles basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 195, Plate: 58.85 x 42.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/om195.","productDescription":"Plate: 58.85 x 42.08 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":104976,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5348.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5348"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States ","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Puente Hills, Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8750,\n 33.8750\n ],\n [\n -117.6250,\n 33.8750\n ],\n [\n -117.6250,\n 34.00\n ],\n [\n -117.8750,\n 34.00\n ],\n [\n -117.8750,\n 33.8750\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durham, D.L.","contributorId":62257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206770,"text":"70206770 - 1959 - Paleozoic and mesozoic fossils in a thick stratigraphic section in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T13:15:24","indexId":"70206770","displayToPublicDate":"1959-11-21T13:15:01","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic and mesozoic fossils in a thick stratigraphic section in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"A thick section of metamorphosed Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks is exposed in two roof pend- ants, one each in the Mount Morrison and Devils Postpile quadrangles in the eastern Sierra Nevada near Mammoth Lakes, Cali- fornia (Fig. 1). In the course of geologic mapping in these quadrangles by the U. S. Geo- logical Survey in co-operation with the California Division of Mines, fossils of Ordovician, Pennsylvanian, Permian(P), and Early Jurassic ages were collected from weakly metamorphosed parts of the pendants. Detailed map- ping in the Mount Morrison quadrangle has been completed by Rinehart and Ross, and a report on this area is in preparation. Similar mapping in the Devils Postpile quadrangle by Rinehart and Huber is in progress. In the part of the Devils Postpile quadrangle not yet covered in the present study, the contacts shown on the map (Fig. 1) are after Erwin (1934). Because diagnostic fossils are extremely rare in the metamorphic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, these fossils are considered important enough to merit this short note prior to completion of the detailed mapping in the Devils Postpile quadrangle and the publication of more comprehensive reports on the two quadrangles
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[941:PAMFIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Huber, N., 1959, Paleozoic and mesozoic fossils in a thick stratigraphic section in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 7, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[941:PAMFIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Lakes Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.15,\n 37.45\n ],\n [\n -118.45,\n 37.45\n ],\n [\n -118.45,\n 37.30\n ],\n [\n -119.15,\n 37.30\n ],\n [\n -119.15,\n 37.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, N.K.","contributorId":73610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211669,"text":"70211669 - 1959 - Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:28:50.7545","indexId":"70211669","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-06T15:09:47","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis","docAbstract":"Pressures of interstitial fluids significantly greater than the normal hydrostatic pressure are known in many parts of the world. Many occurrences are in thick sections of relatively young sediments; some are in areas that have been intensely deformed. Abnormal fluid pressures in the Gulf Coast region are associated with thick bodies of shale or mudstone, and with high hydraulic gradients across bedding. The rocks there have been buried rather rapidly and are evidently not yet fully compacted. The mechanism by which clay consolidates under pressure affords a quantitative relationship among the variables—depth, strength of clay, and fluid pressure—and this relationship indicates that the Gulf Coast examples agree fairly well with observations on depth and porosity in Paleozoic shales of Oklahoma and Tertiary shales of Venezuela. Critical data are lacking, but permeability clearly decreases tremendously as clay rocks are compacted. This decrease in permeability provides a self-sealing mechanism that greatly retards the escape of pore water from deeply buried clay rocks. The relationship between rate of compaction and the development of abnormal fluid pressures probably applies not only to clay rocks but also to carbonates and possibly to micaceous and chloritic metamorphic rocks. Conditions of geosynclinal deposition are, in general, those most favorable to the development of abnormal fluid pressures.
The hypothesis that large-scale overthrusting is facilitated by abnormal fluid pressures which, in turn, are associated with geosynclinal deposition is applied to the overthrust belt of western Wyoming and adjacent States. This is a long curving belt of several bedding-plane faults which have an aggregate horizontal displacement across the belt of 50 miles or more. The sedimentary rocks that make up the belt were evidently deposited in a major geosyncline bordered by uplands not far to the west. At any given locality, the rate of deposition of the sediments increased continuously until the beginning of intense deformation and overthrusting. The geosynclinal axis and the bordering uplands probably migrated slowly eastward across the belt. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that abnormal fluid pressures developed in this region during final stages of rapid geosynclinal sinking and that thick plates of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks sheared off from the underlying rocks and moved slowly eastward. Rate of movement probably was controlled by erosion of upfolds that arose at the front of each moving plate. The fundamental cause of the lateral stresses that propelled the overthrusts is not known, but it may be examined instructively in the light of the fluid-pressure hypothesis. The thrust sheets might, for example, have slid by simple gravitation down the western limb of the geosyncline on reasonable slopes and not improbable fluid pressure-overburden ratios. Such large-scale slumping of thrust sheets, however, seems to require gaps at the rear of the thrust sheets. The long intermontane valleys of Idaho and Utah may possibly have originated as such gaps or rifts, but no proof has yet been recognized that they were formed in this manner. An alternative possibility, regional compression, requires concentration of the lateral stresses within the upper few miles of the earth's crust; in this general region emplacement of the Idaho batholith seems the most likely source of such superficially concentrated stresses. However, this batholith is so far from the front edge of the overthrust belt that it would require extremely high fluid pressure-overburden ratios over a wide area. Perhaps some combination of the two forces—pushing wide thrust plates down a gentle slope—is the most likely explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[167:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rubey, W.W., and Hubbert, M.K., 1959, Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: II. Overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid-pressure hypothesis: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 2, p. 167-206, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[167:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubey, William W.","contributorId":16899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbert, M. King","contributorId":50197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbert","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"King","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211663,"text":"70211663 - 1959 - The Elk Ridge-White Canyon channel system, San Juan County, Utah: Its effect on uranium distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T19:53:38.206306","indexId":"70211663","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-06T12:30:09","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Elk Ridge-White Canyon channel system, San Juan County, Utah: Its effect on uranium distribution","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance in the White Canyon district, San Juan County, Utah, indicates that rocks of the Shinarump member of the Chinle formation of Triassic age were deposited in that district in two different channel systems; sediments deposited in channels of one system were derived from a source to the east and sediments of the other from a source to the south. The channel system containing sediments derived from the east, the Elk Ridge-White C anyon channel system, was apparently formed by a large braided stream that flowed westward from a source in granitic and metamorphic terrane of the ancestral Uncompahgre highland.
All known uranium deposits of any consequence in the White Canyon district are confined to the Shinarump member deposited in the Elk Ridge-White Canyon channel system. The nature of the channels and the lithologic characteristics of the rocks filling this system of channels combine to form a much more favorable environment for the localization of uranium deposits than do the channels formed and the rocks deposited by northward-flowing streams.
Recognition of channel systems in the White Canyon district suggests that channel systems may be recognized elsewhere in the Shinarump member, and that the Shinarump member on the Colorado Plateau may be composed of rocks deposited in many coalescing channel systems. In addition, study in the White Canyon district indicates that rocks deposited in some of these channel systems are more favorable hosts for uranium deposits than the rocks deposited in others. Recognition and delineation of these ancient channel systems may be-of help in making regional appraisals of ore potential and in the search for new mining districts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.1.119","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H., and Thordarson, W., 1959, The Elk Ridge-White Canyon channel system, San Juan County, Utah: Its effect on uranium distribution: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 119-129, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.1.119.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050458/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan","otherGeospatial":"Elk 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Juan\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H.S. Jr.","contributorId":8181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordarson, William","contributorId":23539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211620,"text":"70211620 - 1959 - Turtleback faults of Death Valley, California: A reinterpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:04:42.405619","indexId":"70211620","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T15:23:13","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turtleback faults of Death Valley, California: A reinterpretation","docAbstract":"Turtlebacks are smooth, curved surfaces, which form north-northwestward-plunging elongate domes on the east side of Death Valley. These surfaces are roughly parallel to bedding or foliation of anticlines in Precambrian schist, gneiss, and marble. Late Cenozoic fan and playa deposits are faulted over these surfaces along the turtleback faults. Previously the turtleback faults have been interpreted as part of a thrust fault, perhaps the Amargosa thrust fault, that was arched after thrusting. They are interpreted here as individual normal faults younger than the thrust fault and, contrary to previous interpretations, much younger than the formation of the anticlines in the Precambrian rocks. The tectonic history of this unusual area is here considered to include the following events: (1) Precambrian folding of the Precambrian rocks; (2) post-Paleozoic and pre-middle(?) Tertiary Amargosa thrusting; (3) uplift and erosion of Paleozoic strata and the Amargosa thrust fault, down to the folded Precambrian rocks in the Black Mountains block; (4) Middle (?) Tertiary rhyolite extrusions and the accumulation of later Tertiary fan and playa deposits; (5) Pliocene or Pleistocene uplift of the Black Mountains relative to Death Valley, along the Black Mountains fault system, with consequent removal of support for the Tertiary deposits on the turtleback surfaces, and the development of the turtleback faults by normal faulting, or sliding, of the Tertiary sedimentary rocks down the turtleback surfaces toward Death Valley; and, (6) Pleistocene to Recent renewal of movement on the Black Mountains fault system.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1497:TFODVC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Drewes, H., 1959, Turtleback faults of Death Valley, California: A reinterpretation: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 12, p. 1497-1508, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1497:TFODVC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1508","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -115.5047607421875,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -115.5047607421875,\n 36.328402729422656\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 36.328402729422656\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 35.47856499535729\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, Harald","contributorId":52567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"Harald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211614,"text":"70211614 - 1959 - History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:17:27.877505","indexId":"70211614","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T14:00:21","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A study of Imuruk Lake, a large, shallow lake in north-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska, illuminates the climatic history of northwestern Alaska and the tectonic history of central Seward Peninsula during Pleistocene and Recent time. Special interest attaches to the older lake sediments, because they contain evidence concerning the climate, fauna, and flora that existed in the vicinity of Bering Strait at a time when the Bering land bridge was open and when animal and plant populations were being exchanged between the eastern and western hemispheres.
The lake is 8 miles long and less than 10 feet deep; bottom sediments consisting of reworked wind-blown silt bury a rolling bedrock topography of much greater relief. Analysis of the hydrologic regime indicates that much of the water draining into the lake is lost by evaporation; smaller quantities are lost by discharge through the outlet, the Kugruk River, and by leakage into the lava flows along the lake shore. Changes in the duration and temperature of the summer ice-free season would result in changes in the amount of water lost by evaporation and thus in appreciable changes in lake level.
Imuruk Lake occupies an initial low area on basaltic lava flows of Quaternary age, but the initial low area has been modified by faulting and now lies in a poorly defined graben. Topographic evidence confirmed by study of lacustrine terraces indicates that until recently Imuruk Lake drained westward into the Noxapaga River instead of eastward into the Kugruk River. A history of repeated warping of the lake basin, on which is superimposed a history of oscillating lake level which is due to changes in climate, is recorded by three systems of abandoned shore-line features found along the shores: a warped shore cliff of probable Illinoian age, a double set of warped terraces of probable Wisconsin age, and a low, horizontal terrace of Recent age. Bones of bison, horse, and mammoth were found in peaty sediments containing many twigs but no large wood; their presence indicates that these mammals, at least, were capable of surviving in a tundra environment during cold stages of the Pleistocene epoch and at a time when the Bering land bridge was in existence nearby.
The sediments filling the deeper parts of the bedrock basin of Imuruk Lake probably contain an uninterrupted pollen record that reflects vegetation changes in central Seward Peninsula beginning in middle Illinoian time and terminating a few thousand years ago. Core drilling and pollen analysis of these sediments would greatly amplify our understanding of late Pleistocene events in the vicinity of the Bering land bridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1033:HOILSP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, D., 1959, History of Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 8, p. 1033-1046, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[1033:HOILSP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1046","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Imuruk Lake, Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -160.048828125,\n 64.09140752262307\n ],\n [\n -160.048828125,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -168.57421875,\n 64.09140752262307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, David M.","contributorId":37409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70259450,"text":"ofr59134 - 1959 - Eighth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-08T16:06:32.239631","indexId":"ofr59134","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-01T11:55:42","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"59-134","title":"Eighth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This report is the eighth in a continuing series of progress reports giving the results of discharge measurements made at selected springs and streams in the Tecolote Tunnel area of the Santa Ynez Mountains. The measurement program was begun on its present scale in the latter part of 1948 by the U. S. Geological Survey at the request of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation and has been continued under a cooperative agreement with the Santa Barbara County Water Agency since July 1, 1949, under which each agency pays half the cost of the investigation.
The purpose of the program is to obtain factual data to assist in determining what effect, if any, the inflow of ground water into Tecolote Tunnel will have on surface-water resources in the vicinity of the tunnel. The area involved in the program, shown on plate 1, was made large enough to include a number of springs and streams believed to be outside the zone of influence of the tunnel. Tecolote Tunnel, completed in March 1956, was built by the Bureau of Reclamation for the purpose of conveying water from Cachuma Reservoir to the city of Santa Barbara and adjacent coastal communities. The alinement of the tunnel is essentially north and south through the center of a region that extends from the Painted Cave area on the east to Refugio Pass on the west and from the Santa Ynez River on the north to the Pacific Ocean on the south. Storage, in Cachuma Reservoir began November 16, 1952. Roads within the area covered by Cachuma Reservoir have been relocated since plate 1 was prepared.
The purpose of this progress report is to make available the factual data obtained from July 1956 to June 1958.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr59134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Santa Barbara County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Peterson, W.C., 1959, Eighth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 59-134, Report: 135 p.; 1 Plate: 25.22 x 19.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr59134.","productDescription":"Report: 135 p.; 1 Plate: 25.22 x 19.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":462700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1959/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":462699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1959/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":462701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1959/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"Tecolote Tunnel area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 35.107477322182945\n ],\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 33.603227658961316\n ],\n [\n -119.21258359397822,\n 33.603227658961316\n ],\n [\n -119.21258359397822,\n 35.107477322182945\n ],\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 35.107477322182945\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, William C.","contributorId":54970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001071,"text":"2001071 - 1959 - The reclamation of Indian and Abrams creeks in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T13:52:10","indexId":"2001071","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"306","title":"The reclamation of Indian and Abrams creeks in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"A complete program of stream reclamation was developed and applied on Indian and Abrams creeks in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A salt-resistivity technique was used to estimate the dilution and velocity of a toxicant in running water. Streamside toxicity trials on resident fishes established minimal, effective concentrations of the rotenone material. The successful removals of undesirable fish were followed by restocking with selected strains of eastern brook trout and rainbow trout. Post-reclamation observations demonstrated enhanced survival, growth, reproduction, and catch of trout. Factors which might limit the effectiveness of stream reclamation programs ar e discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Lennon, R.E., and Parker, P.S., 1959, The reclamation of Indian and Abrams creeks in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 306, iv, 22 p.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Abrams Creek, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Indian Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Phillip S.","contributorId":74450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39759,"text":"pp312 - 1959 - Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16245,"text":"ofr509 - 1950 - Structural geology of the Terlingua quicksilver district, Texas","indexId":"ofr509","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Structural geology of the Terlingua quicksilver district, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39759,"text":"pp312 - 1959 - Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","indexId":"pp312","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55317,"text":"ofr4315 - 1943 - Viviana quicksilver mine, Brewster County, Texas","indexId":"ofr4315","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"title":"Viviana quicksilver mine, Brewster County, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39759,"text":"pp312 - 1959 - Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","indexId":"pp312","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":55318,"text":"ofr4385 - 1943 - Quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","indexId":"ofr4385","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"title":"Quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39759,"text":"pp312 - 1959 - Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","indexId":"pp312","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T15:44:02.527292","indexId":"pp312","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"312","title":"Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas","docAbstract":"The Terlingua quicksilver district, which has produced more than 150,000 flasks of quicksilver, is in the southern part of the Big Bend region of southwestern Texas. It is a narrow, eastwest area about 20 miles long and lies mainly in southwestern Brewster County. The district is connected by graded road with the nearest railroad, 84 miles north of its center. Quicksilver minerals were first discovered in the district in the latter part of the 19th century, but there was no substantial production until 1900. Although there are about 20 mines and many prospects, more than 90 percent of the quicksilver came from the Chisos-Rainbow, Mariposa, and Study Butte mines. The most productive years were during World War I; since 1946 the district has been idle. Future production depends upon the discovery of new ore bodies-which will be costly-and the working of deposits now considered of too low grade to be profitable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp312","usgsCitation":"Yates, R., and Thompson, G.A., 1959, Geology and quicksilver deposits of the Terlingua district, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 312, Report: v, 114 p.; 14 Plates: 51.43 x 14.70 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp312.","productDescription":"Report: v, 114 p.; 14 Plates: 51.43 x 14.70 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104427,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402000,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401998,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401996,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401999,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401990,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401992,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401991,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401993,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401997,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401994,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401995,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402002,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402001,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0312/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"31680","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Terlingua District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,29 ], [ -105,30.5 ], [ -102,30.5 ], [ -102,29 ], [ -105,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Robert G.","contributorId":69525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, George A.","contributorId":94288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51092,"text":"ofr5211 - 1952 - Geology of Big Bottom dam site, Lewis River, Washington","indexId":"ofr5211","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of Big Bottom dam site, Lewis River, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":51158,"text":"ofr52101 - 1952 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water","indexId":"ofr52101","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":52965,"text":"ofr5085 - 1950 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr5085","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton Irrigation Project, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T22:18:11.845204","indexId":"wsp1375","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1375","title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","docAbstract":"The Riverton irrigation project area is in the northwestern part of the Wind River basin in west-central Wyoming. Because the annual precipitation is only about 9 inches, agriculture, which is the principal occupation in the area, is dependent upon irrigation. Irrigation by surface-water diversion was begum is 1906; water is now supplied to 77,716 acres and irrigation has been proposed for an additional 31,344 acres.
This study of the geology and ground-water resources of the Riverton irrigation project, of adjacent irrigated land, and of nearby land proposed for irrigation was begun during the summer of 1948 and was completed in 1951. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the ground-water resources of the area and to study the factors that should be considered in the solution of drainage and erosional problems within the area.
The Riverton irrigation project area is characterized by flat to gently sloping stream terraces, which are flanked by a combination of badlands, pediment slopes, and broad valleys. These features were formed by long-continued erosion in an arid climate of the essentially horizontal, poorly consolidated beds of the Wind River formation. The principal streams of the area flow south-eastward. Wind River and Fivemile Creek are perennial streams and the others are intermittent. Ground-water discharge and irrigation return flow have created a major problem in erosion control along Fivemile Creek. Similar conditions might develop along Muddy and lower Cottonwood Creeks when land in their drainage basins is irrigated.
The bedrock exposed in the area ranges in age from Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary (middle Eocene). The Wind River formation of early and middle Eocene age forms the uppermost bedrock formation in the greater part of the area. Unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age, which consist of terrace gravel, colluvium, eolian sand and silt. and alluvium, mantle the Wind River formation in much of the area.
In the irrigated parts of the project, water from domestic use is obtained chiefly from the sandstone beds of the Wind River formation although some is obtained from the alluvium underlying the bottom land and from the unconsolidated deposits underlying the lower terraces along the Wind River. Although adequate quantities if water for domestic use are available from the Wind River formation, there quantities are not considered to be large enough to warrant pumping of ground water for irrigation. Only a few wells are in the nonirrigated part of the area. When this new land is irrigated, a body of ground water will gradually form in the terrace deposits and the alluvial and colluvial-alluvial deposits. Eventually, the terrace deposits may yield adequate quantities of water for domestic and stock use, but only locally are the alluvial and colluvial-alluvial deposits likely to become suitable aquifers.
In the Riverton irrigation project area, ground water occurs under water-table conditions near the surface and under artesian conditions in certain strata at both shallow and greater depths. Irrigation is the principal source of recharge to the shallow aquifers; the water level in wells that tap these aquifers fluctuates with irrigation. The depth to water in the shallow wells ranges from less than 1 foot to about 30 feet below the land surface, depending on the season of the year and on the length of time the land has been irrigated. The water level in the wells that tap the deep confined aquifers , which receive recharge indirectly from surface sources, fluctuates only slightly because the recharge and discharge are more constant. In most places the depth to water in wells penetrating the deep confined aquifers is mush greater than that in shallow wells. but in certain low areas water from the deep aquifers flows at the surface from wells. Ground water moves from the area of recharge in the direction of the hydraulic gradient and is discharges either by evapotranspiration; by inflow into streams, drains, or lakes; by pumping or flow of wells; or by flow of springs.
Waterlogging and the associated development of saline soils are common in parts of the Riverton irrigation project and adjacent irrigated land. The waterlogging is in part the result of the infiltration of irrigation water in excess of the capacity of the aquifers to store and transmit this added recharge. The solution of the drainage problems involves the consideration of a number of factors, some of which are inadequately known in some parts of the area and require further investigation before fully effective drainage measures can be designed.
The results of an aquifer test to determine the hydrologic characteristics of the Wind River formation at Riverton indicate a transmissibility of 10,000 gallons per day per foot (10,000 gpd per ft) and a storage coefficient of 2 x 10-4. The results of the test provide a part of the necessary foundation for the solution of present and future water-supply problems at Riverton and throughout the project area.
Water from shallow aquifers in irrigated tracts in the Riverton irrigation project area generally contains large amounts of dissolved solids that were leached from the soil and rocks by infiltrating irrigation water. However, wells tapping beds that receive considerable recharge from influent canal and drain seepage yield water of relatively low mineralizatoin. Dilute water is obtained also from some shallow wells in the alluvial bottom lands and on low stream terraces that border the Wind Rover. Water from deep aquifers generally is more dilute than that from shallow aquifers. However, ground water from the deep aquifers, unmixed with irrigation water, generally has a percent sodium greater than 80.
Analyses of salt crusts on the ground surface in low areas that are affected by effluent seepage and a high water table show predominance of sodium sulfate salinity, and from determinations of the water-soluble and acid-soluble substances in several samples of soil and shale it is apparent that harmful concentrations of salts are being deposited in poorly drained area. Although most of the soul in the Midvale irrigation district is of the normal arid type, analyses of soil samples show that saline, nonsaline alkaline, and saline alkaline types also are present.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.3133/wsp1375","usgsCitation":"Morris, D.A., Hackett, O.M., Vanlier, K., Moulder, E.A., and Durum, W.H., 1959, Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1375, Report: vi, 205 p.; 3 Plates: 46.86 x 30.77 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1375.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 205 p.; 3 Plates: 46.86 x 30.77 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"215","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1375/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":480957,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1375/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":480958,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1375/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278839,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1375/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":28201,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1375/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Freemont County","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Donald Arthur","contributorId":13960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackett, O. M.","contributorId":38527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vanlier, K.E.","contributorId":24332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanlier","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moulder, E. A.","contributorId":78719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulder","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5220845,"text":"5220845 - 1958 - Distribution and migration of races of the mourning dove","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:55:32.580754","indexId":"5220845","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and migration of races of the mourning dove","docAbstract":"The Mourning Dove is a widespread species breeding in the non-boreal regions of North and Middle America and from the West Indies south to Panama. It is hunted extensively in many sections of the United States and in some sections of Canada, the West Indies, and Mexico....The trends in geographic variation of Mourning Doves are from dark coloration in the east to pale coloration in the west and from shorter wing length in tropical areas to longer in the temperate region. More rusty underparts are associated with birds of the West Indies, and extremely saturated coloration and relatively large bills and feet have been developed by the population on Clarion Island off the western coast of Mexico. The combinations of geographic variation result in the recognition of five geographic races, two of which breed on the mainland of North America. The race carolinensis of eastern United States can be distinguished from the western race, marginella, by the color of the wings alone, which makes possible the recognition of these racial components from the wings of doves taken from hunters? bags.....Taking Ridgway?s account in ?Birds of North and Middle America? as a basis, discrepancies in the descriptions of sex and racial characters are pointed out. Two races recognized by Ridgway and one suggested as possibly distinct were not substantiated. The occurrence of dark and pale types among the West Indian populations are considered of possible racial significance, but sufficient breeding material is lacking to study the problem satisfactorily.....The allocation of type specimens and names to the various recognizable races which appears in the most recent literature is considered satisfactory. The ecological boundaries between tropical and temperate life zones and between the western grasslands and eastern deciduous forest zones, generally speaking, separate distinct races from each other.....There is an extensive postbreeding wandering of birds in all directions, particularly northward, and there is an extensive mingling of racial types during migration. Concentrations of fall migrants occur in certain areas in the southwestern states and both east and west of the Gulf of Mexico.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1365268","usgsCitation":"Aldrich, J., and Duvall, A., 1958, Distribution and migration of races of the mourning dove: Condor, v. 60, no. 2, p. 108-128, https://doi.org/10.2307/1365268.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol60/iss2/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":198381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldrich, J.W.","contributorId":107800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duvall, A.J.","contributorId":59143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2371,"text":"wsp1463 - 1958 - Records of springs in the Snake River valley, Jerome and Gooding Counties, Idaho, 1899-1947","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T12:49:20","indexId":"wsp1463","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1463","title":"Records of springs in the Snake River valley, Jerome and Gooding Counties, Idaho, 1899-1947","docAbstract":"Many springs and seeps discharge water from the north wall of the valley of\nthe Snake River between Milner and Bliss, Idaho. These are fed by a large\nground-water body lying east and north of the river, beneath the Snake River\nPlain. Much ground water is pumped on the plain, many irrigation wells having\nbeen drilled since 1946. Heavy withdrawal of ground water from wells may\nalter the discharge rates and regimens of the springs and may affect downstream\nflow of the river. For that reason, the historic record of discharge from\nthe springs is an important part of the basis on which hydrologic changes can be\ndetermined. The records also would facilitate appraisal of the total groundwater\nresources of the Snake River Plain.\nThis report brings together in a single volume all obtainable records for the\nperiod 1899-1947. The report also includes descriptive data and a brief history\nof work done.\nThe springs occur in a 40-mile reach of the valley of the Snake River between\nMilner Dam and Bliss. Most are on the north side of the river but a few are\non the south.\nThe earliest measurements of record were made by F. S. Shirley and N. S. Dils,\nof the U. S. Geological Survey, in 1899. The next were by J. D. Stannard for\nthe Idaho State Engineer and by Dils in 1902. Few measurements were made\nfrom 1903 to 1916. Somewhat more systematic measurements were made by\nthe Geological Survey and by local agencies in 1917-20, 1923-25, and 1931, and\nat several intervals thereafter. In 1950 the Geological Survey began continuous,\nsystematic measurements by installing and operating gaging stations on four\nrepresentative springs and by making yearly direct measurements of all large\nsprings. The recent records are not included in this report; they have been\npublished yearly in a series of reports on stream discharge.\nThe report includes lists of all published sources from which data were compiled,\nand cites many unpublished sources. The principal workers and agencies\nthat have obtained records are listed also.\nThe quality and accuracy of the compiled records, as might be expected, are\nnot uniform, as the records were collected under varying circumstances, by many\nindividuals, and according to changing or differing standards. The continuity is\ngenerally poor. Nevertheless, the compilation represents the base from which\nfurther work must start and is an extremely valuable record. It represents about\n30 large springs and groups of springs, having discharge rates ranging from a\nfraction of a cubic foot per second to well over 1,000 cfs. Many smaller springs\nand seeps never have been measured. The fluctuation indexes for individual springs or groups range from 2 to 41\npercent. The fluctuation index is the mean deviation of the discharge rate from\nthe arithmetic mean, expressed as a percentage of the arithmetic mean. Although\nto some extent the indexes are a measure of the consistency of the record,\nthey also seem to reflect actual differences in range of discharge, and they indicate\nthat springs upstream in the Snake River valley fluctuate through a wider range\nthan do those downstream. The fluctuations are rather slow, which reflects the\nequalizing influence of the large ground-water reservoir that supplies the springs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1463","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., Van’t Hul, A., and McQueen, I., 1958, Records of springs in the Snake River valley, Jerome and Gooding Counties, Idaho, 1899-1947: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1463, Report: v, 62 p. Plate 1: 12 inches x 12.34 inches; Plate 2: 10 inches x 19.45 inches; Plate 3: 21.50 inches x 10.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1463.","productDescription":"Report: v, 62 p. Plate 1: 12 inches x 12.34 inches; Plate 2: 10 inches x 19.45 inches; Plate 3: 21.50 inches x 10.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279590,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1463"},{"id":137745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1463/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247204,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1463/plate-1_north.pdf","size":"999","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247205,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1463/plate-1_south.pdf","size":"878","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28319,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1463/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Gooding County;Jerome County","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.1281,42.4997 ], [ -115.1281,43.1984 ], [ -113.8855,43.1984 ], [ -113.8855,42.4997 ], [ -115.1281,42.4997 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63550a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van’t Hul, Arthur","contributorId":57049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van’t Hul","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McQueen, I.S.","contributorId":59774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQueen","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":687,"text":"wsp1434 - 1958 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1434","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1434","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1434","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1958, Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1434, x, 380 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1434.","productDescription":"x, 380 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1434/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25250,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1434/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":745,"text":"wsp1433 - 1958 - Surface waters of the United States 1956, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp1433","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1433","title":"Surface waters of the United States 1956, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1433","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1958, Surface waters of the United States 1956, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1433, viii :ill. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1433.","productDescription":"viii :ill. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1433/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25314,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1433/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6911ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12418,"text":"ofr581 - 1958 - Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12418,"text":"ofr581 - 1958 - Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"ofr581","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"pp338","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"pp338","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:40:39.77374","indexId":"ofr581","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-1","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr581","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., 1958, Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 58-1, Report: xxxvi, 337 p.; 6 Plates: 63.38 x 29.37 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr581.","productDescription":"Report: xxxvi, 337 p.; 6 Plates: 63.38 x 29.37 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489313,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489312,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489311,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489310,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489309,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.41344924573305,\n 41.15461559091611\n ],\n [\n -123.41344924573305,\n 39.94270771512089\n ],\n [\n -120.93861877988127,\n 39.94270771512089\n ],\n [\n -120.93861877988127,\n 41.15461559091611\n ],\n [\n -123.41344924573305,\n 41.15461559091611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, John Patrick","contributorId":26669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64317,"text":"gp140 - 1958 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44222,"text":"ofr54206 - 1954 - Total intensity aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr54206","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64317,"text":"gp140 - 1958 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","indexId":"gp140","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T18:37:11.56754","indexId":"gp140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"140","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/gp140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Books, K.G., Schwartz, G.M., Meuschke, J.L., and Dempsey, W., 1958, Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 140, 2 Plates: 35.00 x 37.88 inches and 22.21 x 40.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp140.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 35.00 x 37.88 inches and 22.21 x 40.51 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484035,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3053.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":100773,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100771,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Roseau County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.916667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.916667,\n 48.541667\n ],\n [\n -95.316667,\n 48.541667\n ],\n [\n -95.316667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.916667,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Books, Kenneth G.","contributorId":25910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Books","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, G. M.","contributorId":20380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dempsey, W.J.","contributorId":13988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dempsey","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":56119,"text":"ofr5862 - 1958 - History of natural flows--Kansas River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:18:17","indexId":"ofr5862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-62","title":"History of natural flows--Kansas River","docAbstract":"Through its Water Resources Division, the United States Geological Survey has become the major water-resources historian for the nation. The Geological Survey's collection of streamflow records in Kansas began on a very small scale in 1895 in response to some early irrigation interest, Since that time the program has grown, and we now have about 21 350 station-years of record accumulated. A station-year of record is defined as a continuous record of flow collected at a fixed point for a period of one year. Volume of data at hand, however, is not in itself an, adequate measure of its usefullness. An important element in historical streamflow data which enhances its value as a tool for the prediction of the future is the length of continuous records available in the area being studied. The records should be of sufficient length that they may be regarded as a reasonable sample of what has gone before and may be expected in the future. Table 1 gives a graphical inventory of the available streamflow records in Kansas. It shows that, in general, there is a fair coverage of stations with records of about thirty-seven years in length, This is not a long period as history goes but it does include considerable experience with floods and droughts.
Although a large quantity of data on Kansas streamflow has been accumulated, hydrologists and planning engineers find that stream flow information for many areas of the State is considerably less than adequate. The problem of obtaining adequate coverage has been given careful study by the Kansas Water Resources Board in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey and a report entitled \"Development of A Balanced Stream-Gaging Program For Kansas\", has been published by the Board as Bulletin No. 4, That report presents an analysis of the existing stream-gaging program and recommendations for a program to meet the rapidly expanding needs for more comprehensive basic data.
The Kansas River is formed near Junction City, Kansas, by the confluence of the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers, From that point the river flows eastward about 175 miles to Kansas City where it empties into the Missouri River. The basic history of its natural flow can be depicted in general by the records from three gaging stations. The one at Bonner Springs, about 21 miles upstream from the mouth, may be considered as representing the total outflow from the basin; the one at Ogden, about 8 miles downstream from the confluence of the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers, may be considered as representing the combined contribution of those streams to the Kansas River flow; and the one at Topeka, being only about 16 river miles nearer to Ogden than to Bonner Springs, may be considered as representing flows at the mid-point along the river.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf78","usgsCitation":"Brobst, D., 1958, Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Dewey quadrangle, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 78, 31.94 x 31.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf78.","productDescription":"31.94 x 31.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0078/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Custer County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.03416666666666,43.534166666666664 ], [ -104.03416666666666,43.583333333333336 ], [ -104,43.583333333333336 ], [ -104,43.534166666666664 ], [ -104.03416666666666,43.534166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brobst, D.A.","contributorId":103688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brobst","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}