Broodstock segregation based on the measurement of maternal Renibacterium salmoninarum infection levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the membrane filtration-fluorescent antibody technique (MF-FAT) was previously shown to affect the prevalence and levels of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in progeny of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), during hatchery rearing. Subgroups of fish from that study were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and monitored by PIT-tag detectors during the first 342km of their migration to the Pacific Ocean. Differences in the recovery of tagged fish were significant (P≤ 0·01) at each detection point and became more pronounced as the fish moved downstream. Cumulative recoveries of fish from the low-BKD group and the high-BKD group, respectively, were 31% and 28% after 116km, 44% and 37% after 176km, and 51% and 42% after 342km. There were no apparent differences in the migration timing of the two groups to the first detection point. The data suggested that in-river survival was higher in the progeny group from parents that had low R. salmoninarum infection levels or tested negative for R. salmoninarum (low-BKD group) than in the group female parents with high infection levels (high-BKD group).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00537.x","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R., Elliott, D., and Achord, S., 1993, Monitoring of the in-river migration of smolts from two groups of spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), with different profiles of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection: Aquaculture Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 163-169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00537.x.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"163","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb145e4b01ccd54f9ee6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Achord, S.","contributorId":177073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Achord","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70181818,"text":"70181818 - 1993 - Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:24:03","indexId":"70181818","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can be adversely affected by hunting and other human perturbations because of low population densities and low reproduction rates. The sustainable take of adult females may be as low as 1.5% of the population. Females and accompanying young are most vulnerable to hunting, and hunters have not consistently reported the sex composition of the harvest, therefore a method to confirm the sexes of polar bears harvested in Alaska is needed. Evidence of the sex of harvested animals is often not available, but blood or other tissue samples often are. We extracted DNA from tissue and blood samples, and amplified segments of zinc finger (ZFX and ZFY) genes from both X and Y chromosomes with the polymerase chain reaction. Digestion of amplified portions of the X chromosome with the restriction enzyme HaeIII resulted in subdivision of the original amplified segment into four smaller fragments. Digestion with HaeIII did not subdivide the original segment amplified from the Y chromosome. The differing fragment sizes produced patterns in gel electrophoresis that distinguished samples from male and female bears 100% of the time. This technique is applicable to the investigation of many wildlife management and research questions.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-305","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Garner, G., Cronin, M.A., and Patton, J., 1993, Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 11, p. 2174-2177, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-305.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2174","endPage":"2177","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42549e4b0c825128ad4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patton, J.C.","contributorId":89836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003552,"text":"1003552 - 1993 - Evaluation of invasions and declines of submersed aquatic macrophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1003552","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of invasions and declines of submersed aquatic macrophytes","docAbstract":"During the past 60 yr, sightings of aquatic macrophyte species in geographic regions where they had previously not been found have occurred with increasing frequency, apparently due to both greater dispersal of the plants as a result of human activities as well as better documentation of plant distribution. Intercontinental invasions, such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla into North America, Elodea canadensis into Europe and Elodea nuttallii, Egeria densa and Cabomba caroliniana into Japan, have generally been well documented. However, the spread of an exotic species across a continent after its initial introduction (e.g., Potamogeton crispus in North America) or the expansion of a species native to a continent into hitherto unexploited territory (e.g.,the expansion of the North American native Myriophyllum heterophyllum into New England) have received little attention. Natural declines in aquatic macrophyte communities have also received little scientific study although there are many accounts of macrophyte declines. The best-documented example comes from the marine literature where extensive declines of eelgrass (Zostera) occurred in the 1930s along the Atlantic coast due to a pathogenic marine slime mold (''wasting disease''). The aim of this workshop was to identify examples of invasions or natural declines of aquatic macrophyte species throughout the world and assess the importance of environmental factors in their control. Forty-five scientists and aquatic plant managers from ten countries participated in the workshop. Eleven of the participants contributed written evaluations of species invasions and declines in their geo-graphic region. These were distributed to registered participants prior to the meeting and served as the starting-point of workshop discussions. To address the topics raised in the working papers, the participants divided into four working groups to evaluate: 1. Environmental controls of species invasions. 2. Biotic controls of species declines. 3. Abiotic controls of species declines. 4. Impact of management practices on macrophyte invasions or declines. Each working group was asked to identify existing evidence, the need for additional evidence and management implications of their topics and then requested to discuss their findings with the entire workshop at the conclusion of discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Plant Management Soc, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Clermont, FL","collaboration":"ISI:A1993MU07900049","usgsCitation":"Chambers, P., Barko, J., and Smith, C., 1993, Evaluation of invasions and declines of submersed aquatic macrophytes: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 31, p. 218-220.","productDescription":"pp. 218-220","startPage":"218","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, P.A.","contributorId":75888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, C.S.","contributorId":93012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1012816,"text":"1012816 - 1993 - Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T16:58:01.644744","indexId":"1012816","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is used by lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) in autumn for premigratory staging. To better understand the potential impacts of human disturbance on snow geese, we investigated species composition of, and temporal and age-related variation in, their diet during staging. Depending on age and time of collection, between 35.2 and 94.1% of the diet (aggregate percent wet mass, n = 75) consisted of 2 species of plants; underground stems of tall cotton-grass (Eriophorum angustifolium), and aerial shoots of northern scouring rush (Equisetum variegatum). The diet varied between August and September (P = 0.0089), morning and afternoon (P < 0.0001), but not between age classes (P = 0.066). Throughout staging, snow geese consumed more tall cotton-grass during the afternoon than during the morning (P < 0.05). Tall cotton-grass was a larger component of the afternoon diet in September than in August (P < 0.05). In September, snow geese consumed more northern scouring rush in the mornings than in the afternoon (P < 0.05). Nighttime freezing, interspecific differences in nutritional quality, and plant senescence likely constrained the diet of snow geese to a small number of food items. Because alternative foods may not be available, human disturbance should be minimized in areas that provide these forage species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809000","usgsCitation":"Brackney, A.W., and Hupp, J.W., 1993, Autumn diet of lesser snow geese staging in northeastern Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 1, p. 55-61, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809000.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.6585941797466,\n 70.27784922631818\n ],\n [\n -144.6585941797466,\n 69.20794411165741\n ],\n [\n -140.73936785309067,\n 69.20794411165741\n ],\n [\n -140.73936785309067,\n 70.27784922631818\n ],\n [\n -144.6585941797466,\n 70.27784922631818\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66809f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brackney, Alan W.","contributorId":60982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017364,"text":"70017364 - 1993 - Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T18:56:48","indexId":"70017364","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers","docAbstract":"Evaluation of Neuman's analytical solution for flow to a well in a homogeneous, anisotropic, water-table aquifer commonly requires large amounts of computation time and can produce inaccurate results for selected combinations of parameters. Large computation times occur because the integrand of a semi-infinite integral involves the summation of an infinite series. Each term of the series requires evaluation of the roots of equations, and the series itself is sometimes slowly convergent. Inaccuracies can result from lack of computer precision or from the use of improper methods of numerical integration. In this paper it is proposed to use a method of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution, provided by Neuman, to overcome these difficulties. The solution in Laplace space is simpler in form than the real-time solution; that is, the integrand of the semi-infinite integral does not involve an infinite series or the need to evaluate roots of equations. Because the integrand is evaluated rapidly, advanced methods of numerical integration can be used to improve accuracy with an overall reduction in computation time. The proposed method of computing type curves, for which a partially documented computer program (WTAQ1) was written, was found to reduce computation time by factors of 2 to 20 over the time needed to evaluate the closed-form, real-time solution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1993, Computation of type curves for flow to partially penetrating wells in water-table aquifers: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 6, p. 966-971, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00870.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"971","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f950e4b0c8380cd4d565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017980,"text":"70017980 - 1993 - Repeatability and oblique flow response characteristics of current meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017980","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Repeatability and oblique flow response characteristics of current meters","docAbstract":"Laboratory investigation into the precision and accuracy of various mechanical-current meters are presented. Horizontal-axis and vertical-axis meters that are used for the measurement of point velocities in streams and rivers were tested. Meters were tested for repeatability and response to oblique flows. Both horizontal- and vertical-axis meters were found to under- and over-register oblique flows with errors generally increasing as the velocity and angle of flow increased. For the oblique flow tests, magnitude of errors were smallest for horizontal-axis meters. Repeatability of all meters tested was good, with the horizontal- and vertical-axis meters performing similarly.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., Thibodeaux, K.G., and Kaehrle, W.R., 1993, Repeatability and oblique flow response characteristics of current meters, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1452-1457.","startPage":"1452","endPage":"1457","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa748e4b0c8380cd85316","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thibodeaux, Kirk G.","contributorId":107036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaehrle, William R.","contributorId":68044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehrle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018247,"text":"70018247 - 1993 - A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018247","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province","docAbstract":"The REE and Pb, Sr, Nd isotopes in three xenoliths from limburgite and scoria-breccias, including spinel-lherzolite, spinel-garnet-lherzolite and phlogopite-gamet-lherzolite, were analysed. The REE contents of the xenoliths are 1.3 to 3.3 times those of the chondrites with their REE patterns characterized by weak LREE depletion. The143Nd/144Nd values of whole rocks and minerals range from 0.51306 to 0.51345 with ??Nd=+ 8.2- +15.8,206Pb/204 Pb < 18.673, and207Pb/204Pb < 15.574. All this goes to show that the upper mantle in Mingxi at the depth of 67-82 km is a depleted mantle of MORB type, with87Sr/86 Sr ratios 0.70237-0.70390. In Nd-Sr diagram the data points of whole rocks are all out of the mantle array, implying that the xenoliths from Mingxi have more radiogenic Sr isotopes than those of the mantle array. ?? 1993 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Science in China Press","doi":"10.1007/BF02842191","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Wankang, H., Junwen, W., Basu, A.R., and Tatsumoto, M., 1993, A study of REE and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes in garnet-lherzolite xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 2, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842191.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02842191"},{"id":227328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5b9e4b0c8380cd46f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankang, H.","contributorId":24101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Junwen, W.","contributorId":32683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junwen","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1012959,"text":"1012959 - 1993 - Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T08:34:26","indexId":"1012959","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products","docAbstract":"We analyze intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon from drainages in the Yukon River, the Kenai River, and Oregon and California rivers; and chum salmon from the Yukon River and vancouver Island, and Washington rivers. For each species, three different portions of the mtDNA molecule were amplified seperately using the polymerase chain reaction and then digested with at least 19 restrictions enzymes. Intraspecific sequence divergences between haplotypes were less than 0.01 base subsitution per nucleotide. Nine chum salmon haplotypes were identified. Yukon River chum salmon stocks displayed more haplotypes (8) occurred in all areas. Seven chinook salmon haplotypes were identified. Four haplotypes occurred in the Yukon and Kenai rviers and four occurred in the Oregon/California, with only one haplotype shared between the regions. Sample sizes were too small to quantify the degree of stock seperation among drainages, but the patterns of variation that we observed suggest utility of the technique in genetic stock identification.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f93-081","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M., Spearman, R., Wilmot, R., Patton, J., and Bickman, J., 1993, Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 4, p. 708-715, https://doi.org/10.1139/f93-081.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M.","contributorId":43303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spearman, R.","contributorId":52527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spearman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilmot, R.","contributorId":35688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patton, J.","contributorId":61775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bickman, J.","contributorId":11990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018351,"text":"70018351 - 1993 - Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T23:00:00.356103","indexId":"70018351","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of cadmium and lead by clays from municipal incinerator ash- water suspensions","docAbstract":"The effect of Cl complexation in extracts of a flue gas-scrubber incinerator fly ash sample on the sorption of Cd and Pb by kaolinite and illite was investigated using batch-sorption methods. In the pH range of 5 to 9, Cl complexation may reduce sorption and thus increase the mobility of these metals. When an ash—water suspension was acidified to pH 6.85, the dissolution of Cl and Ca essentially eliminated Cd sorption because of complexation and cationic competition. Cadmium would be considered as either mobile or very mobile under these conditions. Lead was not soluble in the pH-6.85 suspension. At pH 12, the approximate pH of water in contact with flue gas-scrubber fly ash, Cd was essentially insoluble and Pb occurred as anionic Pb hydroxide. Anionic Pb was sorbed by the two clays, and the extent of sorption was not influenced by Cl or carbonate complexation. Sorption constants, derived from isotherms, suggested that Pb would be relatively immobile in saturated soil—water systems. The recent concern that highly alkaline, flue gas-scrubber fly ash may release environmentally significant concentrations of mobile Pb when placed in an ash-disposal site with a soil liner should be reevaluated in light of this study.
We estimated age at sexual maturity and age-specific reproductive rates by examining carcasses and reproductive tracts from 177 female sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Carcasses were recovered from south-central Alaska, Primarily from western Prince William Sound, as a result of the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. We found 65% of our sample to be sexually mature. Sexual maturity was first attained at age 2. The proportion of sexually mature animals increased from 30% at age 2 to 100% at age 5. Annual reproductive rates increased from 22% at age 2 to 78% at age 5 and remained relatively stable (75-88%) through to age 15. the sex ratio (female:male) of 49 fetal sea otters was 18:37 and differed significantly from parity. Females younger than 8 tended to produce more female fetuses, while older mothers did not. Our estimates of the reproductive characteristics of female sea otters obtained by examination of reproductive tracts were similiar to those reported in the literature based on in situ observations of marked individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-258","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Mulcahy, D.M., and Lensink, C.J., 1993, Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1811-1815, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-258.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1815","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017395,"text":"70017395 - 1993 - Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T18:51:43.158094","indexId":"70017395","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary","docAbstract":"Sediment trap deployments in estuaries provide a method for estimating the amount of organic material transported to the sediments from the euphotic zone. The amino acid composition of suspended particles, benthic sediment, and sediment-trap material collected at 2.4 m, 5.8 m, and 7.9 m depths in the Potomac Estuary was determined in stratified summer waters, and in well-mixed oxygenated waters (DO) in late fall. The total vertical flow, or flux, of material into the top traps ranged from 3 g m-2 d-1 in August to 4.9 g m-2 d-1 in October. The carbon and nitrogen fluxes increased in the deepest traps relative to the surface traps during both sampling periods, along with that of the total material flux (up to 47.3 g m-2 d-1 in the deepest trap), although the actual weight percent of organic carbon and organic nitrogen decreased with depth. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 129 mg g-1 in surface water particulate material to 22 mg g-1 in particulate material in 9-m-deep waters and in the benthic sediment. Amino acid concentrations from 2.4-mg-depth sediment traps averaged 104??29 mg g-1 in stratified waters and 164??81 mg g-1 in well-mixed waters. The deep trap samples averaed, 77.3??4.8 mg g-1 amino acids in summer waters and 37??16 mg g-1 in oxygenated fall waters. Amino acids comprised 13% to 39% of the organic carbon and 12% to 89% of the orgnaic nitrogen in these samples. Analysis of the flux results suggest that resuspension combined with lateral advection from adjacent slopes can account for up to 27% of the material in the deep traps when the estuary was well-mixed and unstratified. When the estuary was stratified in late summer, the amino acid carbon produced by primary productivity in the euphotic zone decreased by 85% (86% for total organic carbon) at the pycnocline at 6 m depth, leaving up to 15% of the vertical organic flux available for benthic sediment deposition. ?? 1993 Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352588","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, A., and Shultz, D., 1993, Amino acid composition of suspended particles, sediment-trap material, and benthic sediment in the Potomac Estuary: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 405-415, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352588.","startPage":"405","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b8e4b0c8380cd483e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012907,"text":"1012907 - 1993 - Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:34:36.790817","indexId":"1012907","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for >2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain >9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1349","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1993, Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska: Arctic, v. 46, no. 3, p. 246-250, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.34481672551635,\n 67.58870870793487\n ],\n [\n -156.61662871693238,\n 69.88698952191177\n ],\n [\n -142.30081776744103,\n 68.55041162016985\n ],\n [\n -136.04234117554694,\n 67.92226553041144\n ],\n [\n -131.82553545283858,\n 69.76796795696842\n ],\n [\n -136.70233703921335,\n 69.98336322592374\n ],\n [\n -140.25169355339708,\n 70.24352252107704\n ],\n [\n -149.72467805004675,\n 71.0099231501892\n ],\n [\n -157.35456076031357,\n 71.57600605338166\n ],\n [\n -163.29621670736745,\n 70.4749164752956\n ],\n [\n -164.33243997214547,\n 69.25138380398332\n ],\n [\n -167.45366213502464,\n 68.87935502594922\n ],\n [\n -164.34481672551635,\n 67.58870870793487\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017870,"text":"70017870 - 1993 - Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017870","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy","docAbstract":"Exploitation of hydrothermal systems on active basaltic volcanoes poses some unique questions about the role of volcanism and hydrothermal system evolution. Volcanic activity creates and maintains hydrothermal systems while earthquakes create permeable fractures that, at least temporarily, enhance circulation. Magma and water, possibly hydrothermal water, can interact violently to produce explosive eruptions. Finally, we speculate on whether volcanic behavior can be affected by high rates of heat extraction.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Kauhikaua, J., and Moore, R.B., 1993, Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 129-133.","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0423e4b0c8380cd507e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536384,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kauhikaua, Jim","contributorId":11354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauhikaua","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018358,"text":"70018358 - 1993 - Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major types of uranium deposits occur in China: granite, volcanic, sandstone, and carbonaceous-siliceous-pelitic rock. These types are major sources of uranium in many parts of the world and account for about 95 percent of Chinese production. Descriptive models for each of these types record the diagnostic regional and local geologic features of the deposits that are important to genetic studies, exploration, and resource assessment. A fifth type of uranium deposit, metasomatite, is also modeled because of its high potential for production. These five types of uranium deposits occur irregularly in five tectonic provinces distributed from the northwest through central to southern China. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257556","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Feng, S., Zuyi, C., and McCammon, R., 1993, Descriptive models of major uranium deposits in China - Some results of the Workshop on Uranium Resource Assessment sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257556"},{"id":227598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff29e4b0c8380cd4f05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.","contributorId":49665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuyi, C.","contributorId":81754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuyi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017868,"text":"70017868 - 1993 - Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:20:46.35207","indexId":"70017868","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin","docAbstract":"Quaternary basanites were recovered from shallow water depth from the continental margin of the Bering Sea (58°39.0′N, 177°12.9′W) near Navarin Basin. The basanites are highly vesicular flow rock and hyaloclastites similar to other alkalic volcanic rocks erupted repeatedly during the late Cenozoic on islands in the Bering Sea region and in mainland Alaska. K–Ar ages for the basanites indicate at least two episodes of volcanism at about 1.1 and 0.4 Ma. Similar alkalic volcanism occurred sporadically at geographically widely separated centers in the Bering Sea region for at least the past 6 Ma. Chemically, these alkalic lavas are intraplate basalts similar to those erupted from oceanic islands and in some continental settings. Trace-element data indicate these alkalic lavas have been generated by small, but variable, amounts of partial melting of a meta-somatized lherzolite source. The relatively primitive compositions (MgO > 9%), presence of mantle-derived xenoliths in some alkalic lavas, and presence of forsteritic olivine with low CaO and high NiO suggest that magma rose rapidly from greath depth without spending time in large, long-lived magma chambers. Although lavas from different volcanic centers in the Bering Sea region are similar with respect to major elements and many trace-element ratios, isotopic compositions indicate heterogeneities in the source. The Navarin basanites have higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 143Nd/144Nd values than any other lavas so far reported from this region. The 207Pb/204Pb isotopic ratios indicate involvement of a crustal component, which may have resulted from metasomatism associated with subduction-related magmatic activity during the Early Eocene in this region. Although some volcanic episodes appear to have occurred roughly synchronously at geographically widely separated centers, no large-scale regional extension nor presence of large mantle plumes are indicated. Instead, alkalic volcanism apparently resulted from upwelling and decompressional melting of small isolated mantle diapirs in response to local lithospheric attenuation associated with jostling of blocks during adjustment to regional stresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e93-081","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.S., Gunn, S., Gray, L., Marlow, M.S., and Wong, F.L., 1993, Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 30, no. 5, p. 975-984, https://doi.org/10.1139/e93-081.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"984","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Navarin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 64.01937447302842\n ],\n [\n -185.30270672550836,\n 64.01937447302842\n ],\n [\n -185.30270672550836,\n 53.06258501763452\n ],\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 53.06258501763452\n ],\n [\n -161.02644563755487,\n 64.01937447302842\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7823e4b0c8380cd78649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, A. S.","contributorId":41424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunn, S.H.","contributorId":65236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, L.-B.","contributorId":10171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"L.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017483,"text":"70017483 - 1993 - The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T12:02:05","indexId":"70017483","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","docAbstract":"The development of faults and shear fracture systems over a broad range of temperature and pressure and for a variety of rock types involves the growth and interaction of microcracks. Acoustic emission (AE), which is produced by rapid microcrack growth, is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with brittle fracture and has provided a wealth of information regarding the failure process in rock. This paper reviews the successes and limitations of AE studies as applied to the fracture process in rock with emphasis on our ability to predict rock failure. Application of laboratory AE studies to larger scale problems related to the understanding of earthquake processes is also discussed. In this context, laboratory studies can be divided into the following categories. 1) Simple counting of the number of AE events prior to sample failure shows a correlation between AE rate and inelastic strain rate. Additional sorting of events by amplitude has shown that AE events obey the power law frequency-magnitude relation observed for earthquakes. These cumulative event count techniques are being used in conjunction with damage mechanics models to determine how damage accumulates during loading and to predict failure. 2) A second area of research involves the location of hypocenters of AE source events. This technique requires precise arrival time data of AE signals recorded over an array of sensors that are essentially a miniature seismic net. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of event hypocenters has improved our understanding of the progression of microcrack growth and clustering leading to rock failure. Recently, fracture nucleation and growth have been studied under conditions of quasi-static fault propagation by controlling stress to maintain constant AE rate. 3) A third area of study involves the analysis of full waveform data as recorded at receiver sites. One aspect of this research has been to determine fault plane solutions of AE source events from first motion data. These studies show that in addition to pure tensile and double couple events, a significant number of more complex event types occur in the period leading to fault nucleation. 4) P and S wave velocities (including spatial variations) and attenuation have been obtained by artificially generating acoustic pulses which are modified during passage through the sample. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., 1993, The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 7, p. 883-899, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B.","startPage":"883","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265934,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf4de4b08c986b3246cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018329,"text":"70018329 - 1993 - Distribution and mobilization of dissolved selenium in ground water of the irrigated grand and Uncompahgre Valleys, Western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018329","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Distribution and mobilization of dissolved selenium in ground water of the irrigated grand and Uncompahgre Valleys, Western Colorado","docAbstract":"Distribution of dissolved selenium in ground water of the irrigated Grand and Uncompahgre Valleys is affected by the aqueous geochemical environment of the shallow ground-water system composed of alluvium and shale residuum. Selenium concentrations are as high as 1,300 micrograms per liter in water from shallow wells. The highest concentrations of dissolved selenium were in water from wells completed in alluvium overlying the Mancos Shale of Cretaceous Age, and the lowest concentrations were in water from wells completed in terrace deposits on the western side of the Uncompahgre Valley and in water from wells completed in Mancos Shale residuum. Factors controlling the mobilization of dissolved selenium in the Grand and Uncompahgre Valleys could include oxidation/reduction, adsorption/desorption, and(or) ion exchange. Infiltration of irrigation water provides oxidizing conditions for mobilization of selenium from alluvium and shale residuum and transport to streams and irrigation drains tributary to the Uncompahgre, Gunnison and Colorado Rivers.","largerWorkTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceDate":"21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629198","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Butler, D.L., 1993, Distribution and mobilization of dissolved selenium in ground water of the irrigated grand and Uncompahgre Valleys, Western Colorado, in Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives, Park City, UT, USA, 21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 770-777.","startPage":"770","endPage":"777","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0295e4b0c8380cd500ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Winfield G.","contributorId":27044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Winfield","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, David L.","contributorId":12843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014070,"text":"1014070 - 1993 - In vitro antigen trapping by gill cells of the rainbow trout: an immunohistochemical study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:08","indexId":"1014070","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1903,"text":"Histology and Histopathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro antigen trapping by gill cells of the rainbow trout: an immunohistochemical study","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Histology and Histopathology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-055/FH","usgsCitation":"Torroba, M., Anderson, D.P., Dixon, O.W., Casares, F., Varas, A., Alonso, L., Gomez del Moral, M., and Zapata, A., 1993, In vitro antigen trapping by gill cells of the rainbow trout: an immunohistochemical study: Histology and Histopathology, v. 8, p. 363-367.","productDescription":"p. 363-367","startPage":"363","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torroba, M.","contributorId":65419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torroba","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casares, F.","contributorId":38929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casares","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Varas, A.","contributorId":56598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alonso, L.","contributorId":34461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gomez del Moral, M.","contributorId":83475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez del Moral","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zapata, A.G.","contributorId":54548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapata","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70018011,"text":"70018011 - 1993 - Hydrothermal palygorskite and ferromanganese mineralization at a central California margin fracture zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T11:18:03.074917","indexId":"70018011","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal palygorskite and ferromanganese mineralization at a central California margin fracture zone","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts and nodules associated with palygorskite were recovered from the Santa Lucia Escarpment where the Morro Fracture Zone intersects the central California continental margin. Palygorskite was found in pure, high-Mg, low-Al, boxwork-textured veins, and disseminated in poorly consolidated palygorskite-rich mudstone. The purity of the palygorskite boxwork blades and the boxwork structure suggest formation by direct precipitation rather than by diagenetic or detrital processes. Interaction of hydrothermal fluids with oceanic basalt and/or deeper ultramafic rocks produced a Mg-Si enriched fluid supersaturated with respect to palygorskite that precipitated directly from the fluid at or near the seafloor.
The close association of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules with both the palygorskite-rich mudstone and boxwork-vein palygorskite suggests a genetic link between the three types of mineralization. Mixed origin hydrothermal-hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, with up to 50% hydrothermal input, formed contemporaneously with and subsequent to palygorskite formation. Fe-Mn nodules collected in the same dredge are of combined hydrogenetic and diagenetic origin and appear to be unrelated to hydrothermal mineralization that produced the crusts and palygorskite. The thickness of the Fe-Mn crusts and rare diatom fragments within the mudstone suggest an age of formation between 13 and 5 Ma.
Investigations of earthquakes world wide show that rock falls are the most abundant type of landslide that is triggered by earthquakes. An engineering classification originally used in tunnel design, known as the rock mass quality designation (Q), was modified for use in rating the susceptibility of rock slopes to seismically-induced failure. Analysis of rock-fall concentrations and Q-values for the 1980 earthquake sequence near Mammoth Lakes, California, defines a well-constrained upper bound that shows the number of rock falls per site decreases rapidly with increasing Q. Because of the similarities of lithology and slope between the Eastern Sierra Nevada Range near Mammoth Lakes and the Wasatch Front near Salt Lake City, Utah, the probabilities derived from analysis of the Mammoth Lakes region were used to predict rock-fall probabilities for rock slopes near Salt Lake City in response to a magnitude 6.0 earthquake. These predicted probabilities were then used to generalize zones of rock-fall susceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxx.3.293","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Noble, M., 1993, An engineering rock classification to evaluate seismic rock-fall susceptibility and its application to the Wasatch Front: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 30, no. 3, p. 293-319, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxx.3.293.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3ae4b0c8380cd48707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018316,"text":"70018316 - 1993 - Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018316","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Earthquake ground motions in North Sulawesi on soft soil that have a 90% probability of not been exceeded in 560 years are estimated to be 0.63 g (63% of the acceleration of gravity) at Palu, 0.31 g at Gorontalo, and 0.27 g at Manado. Estimated ground motions for rock conditions for the same probability level and exposure time are 56% of those for soft soil. The hazard estimates are obtained from seismic sources that model the earthquake potential to a depth of 100 km beneath northern and central Sulawesi and include the Palu fault zone of western Sulawesi, the North Sulawesi subduction zone, and the southern most segment of the Sangihe subduction zone beneath the Molucca Sea. An attenuation relation based on Japanese strong-motion data and considered appropriate for subduction environments of the western Pacific was used in determination of ground motions. Following the 18 April 1990 North Sulawesi earthquake (Ms 7.3) a seismic hazard and risk assessment was carried out. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1585707","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Thenhaus, P., Hanson, S., Effendi, I., Kertapati, E., and Algermissen, S.T., 1993, Pilot studies of seismic hazard and risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia: Earthquake Spectra, v. 9, no. 1, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585707.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585707"},{"id":227597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b63e4b0c8380cd79400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenhaus, P.C.","contributorId":46089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenhaus","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, S.L.","contributorId":47361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Effendi, I.","contributorId":36810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Effendi","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kertapati, E.K.","contributorId":82986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kertapati","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017488,"text":"70017488 - 1993 - Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:07:33","indexId":"70017488","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","docAbstract":"Nearly a decade of intensive geophysical logging at fractured rock hydrology research sites indicates that geophysical logs can be used to identify and characterize fractures intersecting boreholes. However, borehole-to-borehole flow tests indicate that only a few of the apparently open fractures found to intersect boreholes conduct flow under test conditions. This paper presents a systematic approach to fracture characterization designed to define the distribution of fractures along boreholes, relate the measured fracture distribution to structure and lithology of the rock mass, and define the nature of fracture flow paths across borehole arrays. Conventional electrical resistivity, gamma, and caliper logs are used to define lithology and large-scale structure. Borehole wall image logs obtained with the borehole televiewer are used to give the depth, orientation, and relative size of fractures in situ. High-resolution flowmeter measurements are used to identify fractures conducting flow in the rock mass adjacent to the boreholes. Changes in the flow field over time are used to characterize the hydraulic properties of fracture intersections between boreholes. Application of this approach to an array of 13 boreholes at the Mirror Lake, New Hamsphire site demonstrates that the transient flow analysis can be used to distinguish between fractures communicating with each other between observation boreholes, and those that are hydraulically isolated from each other in the surrounding rock mass. The Mirror Lake results also demonstrate that the method is sensitive to the effects of boreholes on the hydraulic properties of the fractured-rock aquifer. Experiments conducted before and after the drilling of additional boreholes in the array and before and after installation of packers in existing boreholes demonstrate that the presence of new boreholes or the inflation of packers in existing boreholes has a large effect on the measured hydraulic properties of the rock mass surrounding the borehole array.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1993, Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 30, no. 4, p. 261-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(93)90036-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc038e4b08c986b329fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018018,"text":"70018018 - 1993 - Calibrated models as management tools for stream-aquifer systems: The case of central Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:31:39.49638","indexId":"70018018","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrated models as management tools for stream-aquifer systems: The case of central Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"We address the problem of declining streamflows in interconnected stream-aquifer systems and explore possible management options to address the problem for two areas of central Kansas: the Arkansas River valley from Kinsley to Great Bend and the lower Rattlesnake Creek-Quivira National Wildlife Refuge area. The approach we followed implements, calibrates, and partially validates for the study areas a stream-aquifer numerical model combined with a parameter estimation package and sensitivity analysis. Hydrologic budgets for both predevelopment and developed conditions indicate significant differences in the hydrologic components of the study areas resulting from development. The predevelopment water budgets give an estimate of natural ground-water recharge, whereas the budgets for developed conditions give an estimate of induced recharge, indicating that major ground-water development changes the recharge-discharge regime of the model areas with time. Such stream-aquifer models serve to link proposed actions to hydrologic effects, as is clearly demonstrated by the effects of various management alternatives on the streamflows of the Arkansas River and Rattlesnake Creek. Thus we show that a possible means of restoring specified streamflows in the area is to implement protective stream corridors with restricted ground-water extraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90140-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., and Perkins, S., 1993, Calibrated models as management tools for stream-aquifer systems: The case of central Kansas, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 152, no. 1-4, p. 31-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90140-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30be4b0c8380cd4b582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, S.P.","contributorId":12211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}