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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89639","usgsCitation":"Soulliere, S.J., Worl, R.G., and Johnson, K.M., 1989, Geology and mineral deposits of the Hailey and western Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-639, ii, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89639.","productDescription":"ii, 140 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0639/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17733.htm","text":"Geology and mineral deposits of the Hailey and western Idaho Falls 1 degree x 2 degree quadrangles, Idaho"},{"id":46314,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0639/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17734.htm","text":"Hailey 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465300,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17735.htm","text":"western Idaho Falls 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Hailey and western Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6851df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Winkler, G. R.","contributorId":17964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749936,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Soulliere, S. J.","contributorId":12861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulliere","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worl, R. G.","contributorId":13984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worl","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K. M.","contributorId":23513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157145,"text":"70157145 - 1989 - The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:34:41","indexId":"70157145","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","docAbstract":"The annual cycle and nonseasonal variability of streamflow over western North America and Hawaii is studied in terms of atmospheric forcing elements. This study uses several decades of monthly average streamflow beginning as early as the late 1800's over a network of 38 stations. In addition to a strong annual cycle in mean streamflow and its variance at most of the stations, there is also a distinct annual cycle in the autocorrelation of anomalies that is related to the interplay between the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation. Of particular importance to these lag effects is the well-known role of water stored as snow pack, which controls the delay between peak precipitation and peak flow and also introduces persistence into the nonseasonal streamflow anomalies, with time scales from 1 month to over 1 year.
\nThe degree to which streamflow is related to winter atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific and western North America is tested using correlations with time averaged, gridded sea level pressure (SLP), which begins in 1899. Streamflow fluctuations show significant large-scale correlations for the winter (December through February) mean SLP anomaly patterns over the North Pacific with maximum correlations ranging from 0.3 to about 0.6. For streams along the west coast corridor the circulation pattern associated with positive streamflow anomalies is low pressure centered off the coast to the west or northwest, indicative of increased winter storms and an anomalous westerly-to-southwesterly wind component. For streams in the interior positive streamflow anomalies are associated with a positive SLP anomaly stationed remotely over the central North Pacific, and with negative but generally weaker SLP anomalies locally.
\nOne important influence on streamflow variability is the strength of the Aleutian Low in winter. This is represented by the familiar Pacific-North America (PNA) index and also by an index defined herein the “CNP” (Central North Pacific). This index, beginning in 1899, is taken to be the average of the SLP anomaly south of the Aleutians and the western Gulf of Alaska. Correlations between PNA or CNP and regional anomalies reflect streamflow the alternations in strength and position of the mean North Pacific storm track entering North America as well as shifts in the trade winds over the subtropical North Pacific. Regions whose streamflow is best tuned to the PNA or CNP include coastal Alaska, the northwestern United States, and Hawaii; the latter two regions have the opposite sign anomaly as the former. The pattern of streamflow variations associated with El Niño is similar, but the El Niño signal also includes a tendency for greater than normal streamflow in the southwestern United States. These indices are significantly correlated with streamflow at one to two seasons in advance of the December–August period, which may allow modestly skillful forecasts. It is important to note that streamflow variability in some areas, such as British Columbia and California, does not respond consistently to these broad scale Pacific atmospheric circulation indices, but is related to regional atmospheric anomaly features over the eastern North Pacific.
\nSpatially, streamflow anomalies are fairly well correlated over scales of several hundred kilometers. Inspection of the spatial anomalies of stream-flow in this study suggest an asymmetry in the spatial pattern of positive versus negative streamflow anomalies in the western United States: dry patterns have tended to be larger and more spatially coherent than wet patterns.
\nThe small Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, is now a major component of benthic communities in most areas of northern San Francisco Bay and some areas of South Bay. Because of its wide tolerance of salinity and other environmental variables and its high abundance in many areas, benthic ecologists believe this recent invasion may represent a major and permanent change in the bay system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Study Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., 1989, Potamocorbula amurensis discovered in San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 1, no. 3, p. 3-3.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/1989/IEPNewsletterJune1989.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 37.40289194122378\n ],\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -121.51153564453125,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -121.51153564453125,\n 37.40289194122378\n ],\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 37.40289194122378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d2ce4b0ef4d2f45fa8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":641755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206247,"text":"70206247 - 1989 - Post-flood measurement of a refilled scour hole at the Bulkeley Bridge in Hartford, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T14:15:50","indexId":"70206247","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T14:08:56","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Post-flood measurement of a refilled scour hole at the Bulkeley Bridge in Hartford, Connecticut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Bridge Scour Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Bridge Scour Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 17-19, 1989","conferenceLocation":"McLean VA","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., and Gorin, S., 1989, Post-flood measurement of a refilled scour hole at the Bulkeley Bridge in Hartford, Connecticut, in Proceedings of the Bridge Scour Symposium, McLean VA, October 17-19, 1989, p. 147-174.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Hartford","otherGeospatial":"Bulkeley Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.66788721084595,\n 41.76822296102123\n ],\n [\n -72.6625657081604,\n 41.76822296102123\n ],\n [\n -72.6625657081604,\n 41.770671543018906\n ],\n [\n -72.66788721084595,\n 41.770671543018906\n ],\n [\n -72.66788721084595,\n 41.76822296102123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorin, S.R.","contributorId":85996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorin","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204679,"text":"70204679 - 1989 - Bottomland handwood reforestation in the lower Mississippi River Valley ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T13:44:25","indexId":"70204679","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T13:37:17","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Bottomland handwood reforestation in the lower Mississippi River Valley ","docAbstract":"We prepared this bulletin to assist you--as a farmer or other private landowner--in reestablishing forests on part of your land. It will be most useful to you if your land is in the Lower Mississippi Valley and your main reason for reforestation is to produce wildlife habitat, either for private enjoyment or as a means of obtaining supplemental income. In addition to more wildlife, you can expect numerous other benefits if you reforest part of your land.
","language":"English","publisher":"Department of the Interior-Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., and Kennedy, H., 1989, Bottomland handwood reforestation in the lower Mississippi River Valley , 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42853"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 33.60546961227188\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 32.537551746769\n ],\n [\n -92.120361328125,\n 31.081165464590594\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 29.945415337104453\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 29.094577077511826\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 31.09998179374943\n ],\n [\n -90.406494140625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -89.373779296875,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -88.83544921874999,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -89.1375732421875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -89.285888671875,\n 37.05956083025126\n ],\n [\n -89.2913818359375,\n 36.9806150652861\n ],\n [\n -89.46716308593749,\n 37.21720611325497\n ],\n [\n -89.439697265625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -89.5220947265625,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -89.5330810546875,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -89.9395751953125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.2362060546875,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 38.16911413556086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":61499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208248,"text":"70208248 - 1989 - Modeling coastal Louisiana's vulnerability to oil and toxic chemical spills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T13:13:41","indexId":"70208248","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T13:02:59","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling coastal Louisiana's vulnerability to oil and toxic chemical spills","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Visual solutions right at your fingertips : NCGA mapping and geographic information systems '89 : Conference proceedings ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"NCGA Mapping and Geographic Information Systems '89","conferenceDate":"November 13-15, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles. CA","language":"English","publisher":"National Computer Graphics Association","usgsCitation":"Stayner, F.O., Johnston, J.B., and Scurry, J.D., 1989, Modeling coastal Louisiana's vulnerability to oil and toxic chemical spills, in Visual solutions right at your fingertips : NCGA mapping and geographic information systems '89 : Conference proceedings , Los Angeles. CA, November 13-15, 1989, p. 124-129.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.17554565336736\n ],\n [\n -89.70130920410156,\n 29.17554565336736\n ],\n [\n -89.70130920410156,\n 29.46291618351984\n ],\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.46291618351984\n ],\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.17554565336736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stayner, Floyd O.","contributorId":216223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stayner","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scurry, James D.","contributorId":221241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204675,"text":"70204675 - 1989 - Streamside habitats in southern forested wetlands: Their role and implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T12:34:58","indexId":"70204675","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T12:31:51","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"SE-50","title":"Streamside habitats in southern forested wetlands: Their role and implications for management","docAbstract":"The value of streamside forests to fish and wildlife and the influence of forest management on their value have been recognized in a general sense for decades. However, in today’s climate of increasing environmental regulation and intensive forest management, there is need for more detailed understanding of the value of streamside forests to fish and wildlife. Dickson and Huntley (1987:38) described the problem well when they wrote that “quantitative data on the effects of riparian zones on wildlife populations are insufficient to enable wildlife managers to justify the retention of riparian zones in land-use plans on a biological and economical basis.” Due in large part to the passage of water pollution control legislation, as well as legislation mandating multiple-use management in our national forests, progress is being made. During the last l&15 years, a great deal of research has been directed at understanding the value and appropriate management of the riparian zone (Brouha and Parsons 1985). The vast majority of research on riparian habitats has been conducted in western forests and/or narrow zones in otherwise upland areas. Also, much of the work done in southern forested wetlands has applied to entire floodplain forests. In this paper, we review the literature on streamside habitats within southern forested wetlands and, for reasons described in the next section, we make a distinction between streamside forests and floodplain (or riparian) forests. We also discuss in less detail the value of streamside habitats within other southern forest types, such as pine or mixed pine-hardwood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S, Department of Agriculture","doi":"10.2737/SE-GTR-50","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Allen, J., 1989, Streamside habitats in southern forested wetlands: Their role and implications for management: General Technical Report SE-50, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/SE-GTR-50.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209972,"text":"70209972 - 1989 - Stop 16: Trench 14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T16:41:36.334851","indexId":"70209972","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T11:19:02","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stop 16: Trench 14","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"This Extended land: Geological journeys in the Southern Basin and range: Field trip guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"84th Geological Society of America. Cordilleran Section. Meeting ","conferenceDate":"1988","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"University of Nevada Las Vegas, Department of Geoscience","usgsCitation":"Taylor, E.M., Stuckless, J.S., and Levy, S.S., 1989, Stop 16: Trench 14, in This Extended land: Geological journeys in the Southern Basin and range: Field trip guidebook, Las Vegas, NV, 1988, p. 42-45.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":127802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levy, S. S.","contributorId":224596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231273,"text":"70231273 - 1989 - Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:25:06.933938","indexId":"70231273","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T11:13:35","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New York State Geological Association; 61st annual meeting; field trip guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"New York State Geological Association; 61st Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Oct 13-15, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Middletown, NY","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Prave, A., Alcala, M., and Epstein, J.B., 1989, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York, in New York State Geological Association; 61st annual meeting; field trip guidebook, v. 61, Middletown, NY, Oct 13-15, 1989, p. 121-140.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nysga-online.org/guidebooks/by-year/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.86083984375,\n 41.41183573100123\n ],\n [\n -74.65896606445312,\n 41.265420628926684\n ],\n [\n -73.95858764648438,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -74.11514282226562,\n 41.84705871212191\n ],\n [\n -74.86083984375,\n 41.41183573100123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prave, Anthony","contributorId":291372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prave","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcala, Moses","contributorId":291373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcala","given":"Moses","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236908,"text":"70236908 - 1989 - Mapping eelgrass beds in Izembek Lagoon using Landsat MSS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:04:11.347267","indexId":"70236908","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:45:36","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping eelgrass beds in Izembek Lagoon using Landsat MSS data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical proceedings: 24th Annual Alaska surveying and mapping conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"24th Annual Alaska Surveying and Mapping Conference","conferenceDate":"Feb 6-10, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Surveying and Mapping Conference","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1989, Mapping eelgrass beds in Izembek Lagoon using Landsat MSS data, in Technical proceedings: 24th Annual Alaska surveying and mapping conference, Anchorage, AK, Feb 6-10, 1989, p. 1-18.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.0865478515625,\n 55.12236729829848\n ],\n [\n -162.7239990234375,\n 55.12236729829848\n ],\n [\n -162.7239990234375,\n 55.40095076626326\n ],\n [\n -163.0865478515625,\n 55.40095076626326\n ],\n [\n -163.0865478515625,\n 55.12236729829848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208471,"text":"70208471 - 1989 - Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T10:22:49","indexId":"70208471","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:16:08","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife","conferenceDate":"Mar 24-27, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Energy","usgsCitation":"Brody, M.S., Conner, W.H., Pearlstine, L., and Kitchens, W.M., 1989, Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin, in Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium, Charleston, SC, Mar 24-27, 1986, p. 991-1004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1004","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 30.350361185215682\n ],\n [\n -91.50238037109375,\n 30.2934606306162\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -90.98190307617188,\n 29.389354660473675\n ],\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brody, Michael S.","contributorId":40651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brody","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearlstine, L.","contributorId":117285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209310,"text":"70209310 - 1989 - Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T10:07:58","indexId":"70209310","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:00:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"Parts of the central and southern Appalachian orogen appear to have evolved away from Proterozoic North America (Laurentia) and to have been accreted to it during the Paleozoic orogenies that collectively formed the orogen. Identifying each tectonostratigraphic terrane is a necessary step in understanding the evolution of the orogen. The terranes in the central and southern Appalachians are delineated, interpreted, and classified with varying degrees of confidence as: (1) Laurentian native terranes, (2) internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen, (3) disrupted terranes, (4) possible oceanic crustal remnants, (5) volcanic-arc terranes, (6) a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity, and (7) metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity. The Laurentian native terranes consist of external massifs of Laurentian basement (Grenvillian and older), their rift- and shelf-facies cover rocks, and slope-rise prism deposits. External massifs are present in the Blue Ridge tectonic province, Reading Prong, and Honey Brook Upland. Rocks of the Talladega block are stratigraphically tied to Laurentia and, with the possible exception of the Hillabee greenstone, are also considered native. Offshore, deep-water, post-rift deposits of the Hamburg and Westminster terranes have no direct stratigraphic ties to Laurentia and are considered discrete native (not suspect) terranes. The internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen are isolated massifs of Middle Proterozoic (Grenvillian) continental basement and their cover sequences that occur within the metamorphic core of the orogen. These terranes, the Baltimore, Sauratown, and Pine Mountain terranes, could be either structurally isolated outliers of Laurentia or microcontinental fragments of Laurentian crust displaced by rifting or transcurrent faulting and later reassembled. Disrupted terranes in the central and southern Appalachians contain mélange complexes as well as more coherent terrane fragments (volcanic, ophiolitic, or continental) intermingled with the mélange complexes. Those identified include the Jefferson, Potomac, Smith River, Inner Piedmont, Falls Lake, Juliette, and Sussex terranes. The Bel Air-Rising Sun terrane (Baltimore Complex) in Maryland and Pennsylvania is the only terrane named separately as a possible oceanic crustal remnant. Similar mafic and ultramafic complexes are present in all of the disrupted terranes, but are too small to consider as separate terranes. Volcanic-arc terranes include the Chopawamsic, Carolina, Spring Hope, Roanoke Rapids, and Charleston terranes. The only terrane recognized as a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity is the Suwannee terrane, which contains rocks believed to correlate with those now exposed in west Africa. Metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity are terranes that could not be clearly classified on the basis of available data. These include the Milton, Gaffney, Uchee, Crabtree, Goochland, Wilmington, and Hatteras terranes. The Penobscottian, Taconian, Acadian, and Alleghanian Paleozoic compressional events collectively assembled the various terranes into what is now the Appalachian orogen. Only the central and southern parts of the U.S. Appalachians are considered here. The Penobscottian orogeny, about 550 to 490 Ma, amalgamated the Potomac, the Chopawamsic, probably the Bel Air-Rising Sun, and possibly other exotic terranes at some unknown distance from Laurentia. This was followed by the Taconian orogeny, about 470 to 440 Ma, which accreted the previously amalgamated terranes and probably other terranes such as the Carolina terrane to Laurentia. The younger age limit for the Taconian event is partly constrained by Middle and Late Ordovician faunal assemblages in successor basin deposits of the Arvonia Slate and Quantico Formation. The significance of the Acadian orogeny, dated about 400 to 380 Ma in New England, is unclear in the central and southern Appalachians. In the Talladega block of Alabama and Georgia, an Early to Middle Devonian dynamothermal event is firmly bracketed between Early Devonian fossils and K-Ar ages that indicate a thermal peak no later than Middle Devonian time. A regional tectonothermal event and faulting of approximately this age are also suggested by isotopic studies in terranes to the east. The late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) continental collision between Laurentia and Gondwanaland, which formed the supercontinent Pangea, marks the final stage of accretionary history in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen. Effects evident in the central and southern Appalachian region include: (1) the accretion of the Suwannee terrane and perhaps the Charleston terrane to what is now North America, (2) slicing and shifting of terranes along dextral strike-slip faults, particularly in the eastern Piedmont, (3) westward transport of native and previously accreted terranes in the western Piedmont and Blue Ridge as part of a composite crystalline thrust sheet, (4) deposition of clastic wedges in the Appalachian foreland, and (5) imbricate thrusting and folding of the resultant strata in the Valley and Ridge Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE230-p213","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Drake, A., and Rankin, D., 1989, Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 230, p. 213-245, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE230-p213.","productDescription":"33 p. ","startPage":"213","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","otherGeospatial":"Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, A.A.","contributorId":33786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rankin, D.W.","contributorId":32579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197840,"text":"70197840 - 1989 - Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:40:19","indexId":"70197840","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"Large northeast striking normal faults in the southern Klamath Mountains may indicate that substantial crustal extension occurred during Tertiary time. Some of these faults form grabens in the Jurassic and older bedrock of the province. The grabens contain continental Oligocene or Miocene deposits (Weaverville Formation), and in two of them the Oligocene or Miocene is underlain by Lower Cretaceous marine formations (Great Valley sequence). At the La Grange gold placer mine the Oligocene or Miocene strata dip northwest into the gently southeast dipping mylonitic footwall surface of the La Grange fault. The large normal displacement required by the relations at the La Grange mine is also suggested by omission of several kilometers of structural thickness of bedrock units across the northeast continuation of the La Grange fault, as well as by significant changes in bedrock across some northeast striking faults elsewhere in the Central Metamorphic and Eastern Klamath belts. The Trinity ultramafic sheet crops out in the Eastern Klamath terrane as part of a broad northeast trending arch that may be structurally analogous to the domed lower plate of metamorphic core complexes found in eastern parts of the Cordillera. The northeast continuation of the La Grange fault bounds the southeastern side of the Trinity arch in the Eastern Klamath terrane and locally cuts out substantial lower parts of adjacent Paleozoic strata of the Redding section. Faults bounding the northwestem side of the Trinity arch generally trend northeast and juxtapose stacked thrust sheets of lower Paleozoic strata of the Yreka terrane against the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Geometric relations suggest that the Tertiary extension of the southern Klamath Mountains was in NW-SE directions and that the Redding section and the southern part of the Central Metamorphic terrane may be a large Tertiary allochthon detached from the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Paleomagnetic data indicate a lack of rotation about a vertical axis during the extension. We propose that the Trinity ultramafic sheet is structurally analogous to a metamorphic core complex; if so, it is the first core complex to be described that involves ultramafic rocks. We infer that Mesozoic terrane accretion produced a large gravitational instability in the crust that spread laterally during Tertiary extension
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC008i001p00135","usgsCitation":"Schweickert, R., and Irwin, W., 1989, Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California: Tectonics, v. 8, no. 1, p. 135-149, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC008i001p00135.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c42e4b034bf6a8225ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweickert, R.A.","contributorId":69577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197551,"text":"70197551 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70197551,"text":"70197551 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","indexId":"70197551","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","indexId":"70197547","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70197547,"text":"70197547 - 1989 - Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","indexId":"70197547","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T15:36:03.644389","indexId":"70197551","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"July 17, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"Landslides: Extent and economic significance: Proceedings 28th International Geological Congress Symposium on Landslides","publisherLocation":"Vermont","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1989, Landslides: Extent and economic significance in the United States, p. 25-50.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrod, B. L.","contributorId":205512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrod","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194849,"text":"70194849 - 1989 - Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:21:12","indexId":"70194849","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":812,"text":"Antarctic Journal of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","docAbstract":"Approximately 91.0 percent of the volume of present-day glacier ice on Earth is in Antarctica; Greenland contains about another 8.3 percent of the volume. Thus, together, these two great ice sheets account for an estimated 99.3 percent of the total. Long-term changes in the volume of glacier ice on our planet are the result of global climate change. Because of the relationship of global ice volume to sea level (± 330 cubic kilometers of glacier ice equals ± 1 millimeter sea level), changes in the mass balance of the antarctic ice sheet are of particular importance.
Whether the mass balance of the east and west antarctic ice sheets is positive or negative is not known. Estimates of mass input by total annual precipitation for the continent have been made from scattered meteorological observations (Swithinbank 1985). The magnitude of annual ablation of the ice sheet from calving of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is also not well known. Although the velocities of outlet glaciers can be determined from field measurements during the austral summer,the technique is costly, does not cover a complete annual cycle,and has been applied to just a few glaciers. To increase the number of outlet glaciers in Antarctica for which velocities have been determined and to provide additional data for under-standing the dynamics of the antarctic ice sheets and their response to global climate change, sequential Landsat image of several outlet glaciers were measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, T.R., Ferrigno, J.G., Williams, R., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1989, Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 24, no. 5, p. 105-106.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coldregions.org/vufind/ajus/ajus"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857f5e4b06e28e9c65f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Thomas R.","contributorId":201469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197557,"text":"70197557 - 1989 - Workshop on regional landslide mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T16:01:28","indexId":"70197557","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Workshop on regional landslide mapping","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental, engineering, and urban geology in the United States","conferenceTitle":"28th International Geological Congress","conferenceDate":"July 20-29, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1989, Workshop on regional landslide mapping, in Environmental, engineering, and urban geology in the United States, v. 2, Washington, DC, July 20-29, 1989, p. 62-64.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c43e4b034bf6a8225f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194889,"text":"70194889 - 1989 - Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:15:29","indexId":"70194889","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"Data from three large-offset seismic profiles provide information on the crustal structure beneath the Carolina trough. The profiles, obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Naval Oceanographic Research Development Agency, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1985, were oriented parallel to the trough and were located (1) seaward of the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA), which is generally thought to represent the boundary between oceanic and continental crust; (2) along the axis of the trough between the ECMA and the hinge zone, which is thought to reflect the landward limit of highly stretched and altered transitional crust; and (3) along the Carolina platform landward of the basement hinge zone on crust thought to have been thinned only slightly during rifting. These data constrain the velocity structure of the lower crust and provide evidence for a thick lens of high-velocity (>7.1 km/s) lower crustal material that extends beneath the Carolina trough and the adjacent ocean basin. This lens reaches a maximum thickness of about 13 km beneath the deepest part of the trough, thins to about 5 km seaward of the ECMA, and is either very thin or absent landward of the hinge zone. It is interpreted to represent material that was underplated beneath and/or intruded into the crust during the late stage of continental rifting and that led to an anomalously thick plutonic layer during the early seafloor spreading phase. These data thus support the recent conclusions of White et al. (1987b) and Mutter et al. (1988) that the initiation of seafloor spreading is attended in many, if not most, cases by the generation of an anomalously large volume of melt.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB08p10585","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., Ballard, A., Dorman, L., Gettrust, J., Klitgord, K.D., and Schreiner, A., 1989, Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. 8, p. 10585-10600, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB08p10585.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10585","endPage":"10600","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9fe4b06e28e9cabb42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, A.","contributorId":201494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorman, L.M.","contributorId":201495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettrust, J.F.","contributorId":80080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreiner, A.","contributorId":201496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193873,"text":"70193873 - 1989 - Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T10:11:25","indexId":"70193873","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","docAbstract":"Acidic episodes in waters of the western USA, do not last as long and are not as intense as those in the eastern USA, but we found that the native western cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is sensitive to even brief reductions in pH. In laboratory studies, fish were exposed to acidity (pH 4.5–6.5) alone or in the presence of aluminum during the first 7 d of the freshly fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, or swim-up larva stages of development. Following exposure to acidity and aluminum, eggs and fish were held under control water quality conditions to 40 d posthatch to assess effects of the exposure on subsequent development. Reductions in pH from 6.5 to 6.0 in low-calcium water (1.4 mg/L) did not affect survival, but reduced growth offish in the early life stages. The presence of as little as 50 μg A1/L at low pH further decreased growth and reduced survival. The most sensitive indicators of stress were loss of ions (determined from whole-body sampling) and reduced swimming in alevins, reduction in the ratio of RNA:DNA, feeding inhibition, and pathology of gill tissue in swim-up larvae. A pH of 6.0 and 50 μg Al/L reduced whole-body sodium by 72% and potassium by 50% in alevins. Reductions in the RNA: DNA ratio, correlated with lower growth rates, were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 5.5 and 50 μg Al/L. Exposure to 50 μg Al/L at pH 6.0 reduced swimming activity of alevins by 68% and feeding rates of swim-up larvae by 67%. In the presence of 50 μg A1/L, pathological changes in gill tissue were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 6.0 or less. Although acidification is not widespread in the western USA, cutthroat trout have a narrow margin of safety between conditions that currently exist and those at which pH and aluminum reduce survival and growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., Farag, A.M., Mueller, M., Little, E.E., and Vertucci, F., 1989, Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 630-643, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"643","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082349e4b09af898c8d0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, M.E.","contributorId":84715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vertucci, F. A.","contributorId":27381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vertucci","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194856,"text":"70194856 - 1989 - Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T08:21:08","indexId":"70194856","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5601,"text":"Studies in Maine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","docAbstract":"Glaciomarine mud in the Gulf of Maine, characterized by rhythmic seismic layers that mimic the morphology of the underlying surface, is composed of subequal amounts of silt and clay, variable amounts of sand, and sparse gravel-sized clasts. The mud is Wisconsinan in age and was deposited during the retreat of the last ice sheet. A beginning date of 38 ka, proposed by King and Fader (1986) in their chronology of the last deglaciation, is considered too old. An alternative chronology, more consistent with the continental record to the west, is proposed here. ln this interpretation, deposition ofglaciomarine mud began about 18 ka when the late Wisconsinan ice retreated from Georges Bank, Great South Channel, and Northeast Channel and ended around 11 ka, when meltwater ceased to enter the Gulf of Maine. Basal-till melt-out from an ice shelf and bergs as the source of the glaciomarine mud, also proposed by King and Fader (1986), is thought to be inconsistent with the volume, widespread rhythmic bedding, and low stone content of the deposit. More likely the source of the glaciomarine mud was rock-flour-laden meltwater that entered the sea along the grounding line of a calving glacier or by way of subaerial meltwater streams. The rock flour was then dispersed by sediment plumes and was deposited when the sediment fell to the sea floor, aided by flocculation and biological agglutination. Rhythmic layers within the glaciomarine mud could represent annual cyclic sedimentation (varves) or cyclic events of lesser duration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1989, Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models , v. 5, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a69a971e4b06e28e9c81b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, Robert N.","contributorId":38953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197318,"text":"70197318 - 1989 - Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate in the vicinity of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T14:05:32","indexId":"70197318","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate in the vicinity of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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These surveys show that slumps and debris avalanche deposits are exposed over about 100,000 km2 of the ridge and adjacent seafloor from Kauai to Hawaii, covering an area more than 5 times the land area of the islands. Some of the individual debris avalanches are more than 200 km long and about 5000 km3 in volume, ranking them among the largest on Earth. The slope failures that produce these deposits begin early in the history of individual volcanoes when they are small submarine seamounts, culminate near the end of subaerial shield building, and apparently continue long after dormancy. Consequently, landslide debris is an important element in the internal structure of the volcanoes. The dynamic behavior of the volcanoes can be modulated by slope failure, and the structural features of the landslides are related to elements of the volcanoes including rift zones and fault systems. The landslides are of two general types, slumps and debris avalanches. The slumps are slow moving, wide (up to 110 km), and thick (about 10 km) with transverse blocky ridges and steep toes. The debris avalanches are fast moving, long (up to 230 km) compared to width, and thinner (0.05–2 km); they commonly have a well‐defined amphitheater at their head and hummocky terrain in the lower part. Oceanic disturbance caused by rapid emplacement of debris avalanches may have produced high‐level wave deposits (such as the 365‐m elevation Hulopoe Gravel on Lanai) that are found on several islands. Most present‐day submarine canyons were originally carved subaerially in the upper parts of debris avalanches. Subaerial canyon cutting was apparently promoted by the recently steepened and stripped slopes of the landslide amphitheaters.
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Centrolenella azulae is distinguished by its moderately large size, the presence of vomerine teeth, a snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in profile, a color pattern in preservative of very diffuse lavender with small colorless spots, basal webbing on the outer fingers, and a low ulnar fold. Centrolenella puyoensis is distinguished by its moderately large size, a snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, a color pattern in preservative of purplish-gray with large cream spots, a tympanum that is three-fourths exposed, and intricate anal ornamentation. Both new species are closely related to the Peruvian C. mariae, and together the three species form the C. mariae group, definable on a number of shared, derived characters. 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