Brown bullhead from the Black River, Ohio, have a high incidence of liver neoplasia which is associated with elevated concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment. We evaluated the use of biliary concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] equivalents as a means for determining PAH exposure. Bile was collected from 16 brown bullheads and 8 common carp taken from each of two Lake Erie tributaries in Ohio, the industrialized Black River and the non-industrialized Old Woman Creek. Hatchery bullhead (n = 8) were used to determine base levels of PAHs. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) — fluorescence technique was used to determine the concentration of B(a)P equivalents in the bile samples. The area of all peaks fluorescing at 380/430 nm was summed to give a single value for B(a)P equivalents in each sample. Concentrations of B(a)P equivalents generally reflected concentrations of PAH in sediment where fish were collected. Bile taken from Black River carp contained the highest concentration of B(a)P equivalents and was significantly different from all other groups. The value obtained for Black River bullhead was also high and was found to be significantly different from hatchery bullhead. B(a)P equivalents varied between carp and bullhead from the same habitat possibly because of differing food habits or metabolic pathways. However, our results indicate that relative levels of B(a)P equivalents in the bile of fish correspond well to B(a)P levels in sediment and may offer a means of determining environmental exposure of fish to the parent compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00027823","usgsCitation":"Johnston, E.P., and Baumann, P.C., 1989, Analysis of fish bile with HPLC — fluorescence to determine environmental exposure to benzo(a)pyrene: Hydrobiologia, v. 188, no. 1, p. 561-566, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027823.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"566","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c8e4b0f497e78fcaed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Eric P.","contributorId":176130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumann, Paul C.","contributorId":104455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49134,"text":"ofr89252 - 1989 - Effects of ground-water withdrawals for irrigation on the quality of the Straight River, north-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:23:31","indexId":"ofr89252","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-30T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-252","title":"Effects of ground-water withdrawals for irrigation on the quality of the Straight River, north-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr89252","usgsCitation":"Stark, J.R., and Zwilling, D., 1989, Effects of ground-water withdrawals for irrigation on the quality of the Straight River, north-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-252, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89252.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db4e4b03fd6b7da3692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":118414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwilling, D. R.","contributorId":121328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwilling","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171482,"text":"70171482 - 1989 - Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:00:59","indexId":"70171482","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-29T22:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Ground-Water Hydrology, American Institute of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International conference on Recent advances in ground-water hydrology","conferenceDate":"1989","publisher":"Am. Inst. Hydrol.","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1989, Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models, in Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Ground-Water Hydrology, American Institute of Hydrology, 1989, p. 349-357.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500736e4b0ee97d51bb3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210210,"text":"70210210 - 1989 - Crustal structure of the Chugach Mountains, southern Alaska: A study of peg‐leg multiples from a low‐velocity zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T15:33:32.777701","indexId":"70210210","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-10T10:24:29","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the Chugach Mountains, southern Alaska: A study of peg‐leg multiples from a low‐velocity zone","docAbstract":"A seismic refraction profile recorded along the geologic strike of the Chugach Mountains in southern Alaska shows three upper crustal high‐velocity layers (6.9, 7.2, and 7.6 km/s) and a unique pattern of strongly focussed echelon arrivals to a distance of 225 km. The group velocity of the ensemble of echelon arrivals is 6.4 km/s. Modeling of this profile with the reflectivity method reveals that the echelon pattern is due to peg‐leg multiples generated from within a low‐velocity zone between the second and third upper crustal high‐velocity layers. The third high‐velocity layer (7.6 km/s) is underlain at 18 km depth by a pronounced low‐velocity zone that produces a seismic shadow zone wherein peg‐leg multiples are seen as echelon arrivals. The interpretation of these echelon arrivals as multiples supersedes an earlier interpretation which attributed them to successive primary reflections arising from alternating high‐ and low‐velocity layers. Synthetic seismogram modeling indicates that a low‐velocity zone with transitional upper and lower boundaries generates peg‐leg multiples as effectively as one with sharp boundaries. No PmP or Pn arrivals from the subducting oceanic Moho at 30 km depth beneath the western part of the line are observed on the long‐offset (90–225 km) data. This may be due to a lower crustal waveguide whose top is the high‐velocity (7.6 km/s) layer and whose base is the Moho. A deep (∼54 km) reflector is not affected by the waveguide and has been identified in the data. Although peg‐leg multiples have been interpreted on some long‐range refraction profiles that sound to upper mantle depths, the Chugach Mountains profile is one of the few crustal refraction profiles where peg‐leg multiples are clearly observed. This study indicates that multiple and converted phases may be more important in seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection profiles than previously recognized.
The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), is a small mollusc native to the Black, Caspian, and Azov Seas that was discovered in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America in 1988. Its presence there raises immediate concerns for users of raw water because it can become abundant enough to obstruct the flow of water through pipes, hoses, screens, and condensers. Biofouling attributed to this mussel was observed at several power plants, water treatment plants, and food processing and industrial facilities along Lake Erie in 1989. Estimated densities at one power plant intake canal were as high as 700,000 per m2. In addition, large numbers were found in main steam condensors and in the service water system, threatening the water supply for cooling, fire protection, and dust suppression systems. Municipal water intakes along the Canadian and United States shorelines have also been impaired. In one southeast Michigan city, drinking water withdrawal from Lake Erie was reduced 45% by the mussel. Routine checks of raw water supplies for free-floating zebra mussel veligers are reommended to determine if reproducing adult populations are present in local water bodies. After an early alert, raw water intakes could be protected to alleviate damage from the biofouling zebra mussel.
","largerWorkTitle":"Service water system problems affecting safety-related equipment","language":"English","publisher":"Electronic Power Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, R.W., Kovalak, W.P., and Schloesser, D.W., 1989, The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), in North America: impact on raw water users, p. 11-26.","productDescription":"p. 11-26","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.4797,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,41.397 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d874e4b07c5f79a7f36c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald W.","contributorId":11994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovalak, William P.","contributorId":77479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovalak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170443,"text":"70170443 - 1989 - Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:13:22","indexId":"70170443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics were determined for a wetland being used for tertiary treatment of wastewater in St. Joseph, Minnesota. The wetland consists of spruce-tamarack fen and a cattail marsh, with the wastewater being discharged into the fen, and the fen draining into the marsh. The wetland is underlain by flat-lying glacial outwash that ranges from 0 to greater than 20 m in thickness. Horizontal ground-water movement in the outwash aquifer is toward the wetland from the south, east, and west. There is a strong upward vertical hydraulic gradient (about 0.1) in the ground-water flow system beneath and around the wetland. Regionally, the glacial-outwash aquifer is unconfined, but it is confined or partly confined locally by peat deposits under the wetland. Analysis of the hydrologic balance of the fen from October 1985 through September 1986 indicates that the inflow was 44 percent ground water, 38 percent wastewater, 11 percent runoff (storm sewer), and 7 percent precipitation. The fen outflow was 93 percent surface water and 7 percent evapotranspiration. Inflow to the marsh was 74 percent surface water, 21 percent ground water, and 5 percent precipitation. Outflow from the marsh was 94 percent surface water and 6 percent evapotranspiration. Wastewater contributed 74,996, and 81 percent of the total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen in the fen, respectively. Other chemical inputs were from the storm sewer, ground water, and atmospheric deposition. The fen was found to retain 34, 14, and 14 percent of the suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, respectively. The marsh retained 44, 18, and 22 percent of these three constituents, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03160744","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., and Stark, J.R., 1989, Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota: Wetlands, v. 9, no. 2, p. 191-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160744.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Joseph","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a843e4b0ef3b7caba59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Rob G.","contributorId":68888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, James R. stark@usgs.gov","contributorId":289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"James","email":"stark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":627223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231493,"text":"70231493 - 1989 - Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian boundary at c. 40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from l'Arbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T15:57:15.530053","indexId":"70231493","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T10:20:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian boundary at c. 40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from l'Arbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain)","title":"Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian boundary at c. 40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from l'Arbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain)","docAbstract":"The cultural transition from Mousterian to Aurignacian is abrupt at l'Arbreda Cave and occurs within a homogeneous sedimentary unit with no visible lithologic changes. Fragments of milligram-size charcoal were collected immediately above and below the cultural boundary for radiocarbon dating by accelerator. Four charcoal fragments from the lowest basal Aurignacian level yielded dates of 37·7 ± 1·0, 37·7 ± 1·0, 39·9 ± 1·2, and 38·7 ± 1·2 ka bp (average 38·5 ± 1·0 ka bp). These ages are similar to three dates from the same cultural horizon at El Castillo Cave in Cantabria and both sets of dates are significantly older than the earliest reported for the Aurignacian in the Aquitaine and in other parts of Central and Western Europe. The dates are in accord with similarly early dates for Aurignacian in Bulgaria and suggest that appearance of Aurignacian peoples is synchronous across Europe. Three fragments from the uppermost Mousterian level yielded dates of 39·4 ± 1·4, 34·1 ± 0·75, and 41·4 ± 1·6 ka bp. Discounting the spurious 34·1 ka bp result, these dates are slightly older (average 40·4 ± 1·4 ka bp) but overlap with counting error the basal Aurignacian dates. The data show that the transition from Mousterian to Aurignacian was chronologically abrupt at this location. These results strongly support the replacement hypothesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0305-4403(89)90022-8","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Soler, N., and Julia, R., 1989, Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian boundary at c. 40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from l'Arbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain): Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 16, no. 6, p. 563-576, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(89)90022-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"l'Arbreda Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 2.7194595336914062,\n 42.15449591593767\n ],\n [\n 2.7630615234375,\n 42.15449591593767\n ],\n [\n 2.7630615234375,\n 42.191135916830795\n ],\n [\n 2.7194595336914062,\n 42.191135916830795\n ],\n [\n 2.7194595336914062,\n 42.15449591593767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soler, Narcis","contributorId":291638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soler","given":"Narcis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julia, Ramon","contributorId":291639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julia","given":"Ramon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202812,"text":"70202812 - 1989 - Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T08:40:21","indexId":"70202812","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T08:34:20","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Aerial survey data (1968-1989) and water gauge readings (1958-1989) were examined to detennine trends in and relationships between canvasback (Aythya valisineria) populations and water levels at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana. Wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake have increased over the past 21 years. A peak population estimate of 78,000 canvasbacks was recorded in January 1988. There was a significant relationship between increases in wintering canvasback numbers and increased November water levels. No significant changes in December or January water levels nor relationships between wintering canvasback numbers and December or January water levels could be detected. In recent years, Catahou1a Lake has become one of the most important canvasback wintering areas in North America. We conclude that the increased availability of open water feeding habitat has been a major factor in the increased usage of Catahoula Lake by canvasbacks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"43rd Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","conferenceDate":"October 29-November 1, 1989","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, Missouri","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Woolington, D.W., and Emfinger, J.W., 1989, Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana, in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 43, St. Louis, Missouri, October 29-November 1, 1989, p. 396-403.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=28030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Catahoula Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.1697998046875,\n 31.42749129448044\n ],\n [\n -92.04277038574219,\n 31.502458420817206\n ],\n [\n -91.99607849121094,\n 31.552793227677334\n ],\n [\n -91.99745178222656,\n 31.613626970322684\n ],\n [\n -92.06748962402344,\n 31.610703179979982\n ],\n [\n -92.12448120117188,\n 31.577950455417472\n ],\n [\n -92.17666625976562,\n 31.52411741833466\n ],\n [\n -92.22198486328125,\n 31.48313670206181\n ],\n [\n -92.23915100097656,\n 31.454439514853256\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 31.433350262414404\n ],\n [\n -92.19863891601562,\n 31.42749129448044\n ],\n [\n -92.1697998046875,\n 31.42749129448044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolington, Dennis W.","contributorId":27518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolington","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emfinger, James W.","contributorId":214532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emfinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016064,"text":"70016064 - 1989 - Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:39:48.961322","indexId":"70016064","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","docAbstract":"Simultaneous on‐site and in situ studies of survival of prolarval and yearling striped bass Morone saxatilis were conducted in the Potomac River during the 1988 spawning season. Various water quality and contaminant conditions were monitored during these experiments. In situ experiments on yearlings and monitoring of water quality and contaminants were also conducted in the Susquehanna, Elk, and Sassafras rivers of the upper Chesapeake Bay. Survival of striped bass prolarvae ranged from 1 to 20% in the Potomac River during three concurrent 96‐h on‐site and in situ experiments; survival of control fish was 78% or greater. Survival of striped bass yearlings was 15% or less during 28‐d in situ tests at two Potomac River field locations; survival of control fish was 100%. Mortality of prolarvae in the Potomac River was likely caused by a combination of cadmium, lead, chlordane, and sudden drops in temperature. Mortality of yearlings was possibly caused by a combination of cadmium, lead, zinc, chlordane, and ammonia. Survivals of striped bass yearlings tested in 28‐d tests in the Susquehanna, Elk, and Sassafras rivers were 57, 100, and 100%, respectively; survival of control fish was 100%. Mortality of striped bass in the Susquehanna River may have been partly caused by copper and lead concentrations; however, other nonidentified factors were likely more important. Water quality problems were not detected in the Elk or Sassafras rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0619:SOCAWQ>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hall, L.W., Ziegenfuss, M., Bushong, S.J., Unger, M., and Herman, R.L., 1989, Studies of contaminant and water quality effects on striped bass prolarvae and yearlings in the Potomac River and upper Chesapeake Bay in 1988: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0619:SOCAWQ>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"629","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 38.953001309335974\n ],\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 37.744736948758785\n ],\n [\n -75.69828148743886,\n 37.744736948758785\n ],\n [\n -75.69828148743886,\n 38.953001309335974\n ],\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 38.953001309335974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, L. W. Jr.","contributorId":6010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegenfuss, M.C.","contributorId":57797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegenfuss","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bushong, S. J.","contributorId":71927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bushong","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unger, M.A.","contributorId":97047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222308,"text":"5222308 - 1989 - Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-25T16:36:56.491255","indexId":"5222308","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"Die-offs of sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) were verified in southeastern Idaho in 1981. We captured 82 apparently healthy grouse to quantify the effects of organophosphorus insecticides (OP's) and other pesticides on sage grouse in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) bordering agricultural lands in July 1985 and 1986. Grouse were fitted with radio collars and tracked through part of each summer. At least 18% of 82 radio-tagged grouse in 1985-86 subsequently occupied fields at the time they were sprayed with OP insecticides dimethoate or methamidophos. Cholinesterase (ChE) assays of brains and residue analysis of crop contents indicated that 5 and 16% of the marked sample died from OP's in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Approximately 200 sage grouse were present in a block of alfalfa sprayed with dimethoate; 63 of these were later found dead and ChE activity in 43 brains suitable for assay were depressed >50%. Maximum residues in crop contents of dead grouse were 18 μg/g methamidophos and 30 μg/g dimethoate. Intoxicated or dead grouse were observed in or near 6 fields sprayed with dimethoate or methamidophos in 1985-86. Twenty of 31 intoxicated grouse radiotagged after being found in dimethoate-sprayed (1986) alfalfa died. Our study indicates that certain pesticides have the potential for adversely affecting grouse populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809623","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Staley, C.S., Henny, C.J., Pendleton, G.W., Craig, T.H., Craig, E.H., and Halford, D.K., 1989, Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on sage grouse in southeastern Idaho: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 4, p. 1139-1146, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809623.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.60065971282256,\n 43.945649925390825\n ],\n [\n -113.60065971282256,\n 42.63251115945559\n ],\n [\n -111.42000434810421,\n 42.63251115945559\n ],\n [\n -111.42000434810421,\n 43.945649925390825\n ],\n [\n -113.60065971282256,\n 43.945649925390825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staley, Chris S.","contributorId":10890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Craig, Tim H.","contributorId":213558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27672,"text":"Aquila Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Craig, Erica H.","contributorId":176469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Halford, Douglas K.","contributorId":7381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5222309,"text":"5222309 - 1989 - DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-25T17:44:31.981216","indexId":"5222309","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"We studied organochlorine, mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) contamination in white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) nesting at Carson Lake, Nevada, in 1985 and 1986. Dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) was related to fewer young produced/nesting attempt (P = 0.0001), fewer young produced/successful nest (P = 0.0075), and eggshell thinning (P = 0.0001). As DDE in eggs increased to >4 ppm (wet wt), and especially > 8 ppm, productivity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and the incidence of cracked eggs increased. Assuming that 4 ppm DDE is the critical residue level, 40% of the nesting population in 1985 and 1986 was adversely impacted by DDE, with a net loss of 20% of the population's expected production (to about 10 days old). Most eggs containing exceptionally high DDE levels (8-29 ppm) also had substantial amounts of dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), which implies recently-used DDT as the source. No evidence of breeding ground DDE-DDT contamination was found. The white-faced ibis winter in Mexico, and mostly in the interior agricultural region. Concentrations of DDE-DDT in ibis eggs, unlike most other wading bird species from the Great Basin, did not decline during the last decade. Other organochlorine contaminants were generally low and detected in 533% of the eggs. Selenium and Hg were accumulated by ibis on the Nevada breeding grounds, but concentrations in eggs did not reach levels sufficient to impact the production of 7-10 day old young. Potential Se and especially Hg accumulation during the remainder of the summer was high, but actual effects on growing young and adults remain unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809606","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Herron, G.B., 1989, DDE, selenium, mercury, and white-faced ibis reproduction at Carson Lake, Nevada: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 53, no. 4, p. 1032-1045, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1032","endPage":"1045","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.77805138385027,\n 39.36219915276649\n ],\n [\n -118.77805138385027,\n 39.286446185089886\n ],\n [\n -118.63667945250911,\n 39.286446185089886\n ],\n [\n -118.63667945250911,\n 39.36219915276649\n ],\n [\n -118.77805138385027,\n 39.36219915276649\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herron, Gary B.","contributorId":21242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168842,"text":"70168842 - 1989 - Water resources of northeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T15:37:51","indexId":"70168842","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"8","subseriesTitle":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources Water Atlas","title":"Water resources of northeast Iowa","docAbstract":"In 1965 a cooperative investigation with the U.S. Geological Survey produced Water Atlas No. 1 (Twenter and Coble, 1965). It presented information on the occurrence, availability, use, quality, and future demand of water in 10 counties in the central part of the state. Subsequent investigations produced Water Atlases No. 4 (Coble and Roberts, 1971) for southeast Iowa, No. 5 (Cagle and Heinitz, 1978) for south-central Iowa, No. 6 (Wahl et al., 1978) for east-central Iowa, and No. 7 (Buchmiller et al., 1985) for north-central Iowa. The present study, Water Atlas No. 8 (1989), describes the surface-water and groundwater resources of 11 counties in extreme northeast Iowa. With the publication of this report, water atlases are now available for the eastern two-thirds of the state.
","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Horick, P.J., and Soenksen, P.J., 1989, Water resources of northeast Iowa, xi, 133 p.","productDescription":"xi, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://s-iihr34.iihr.uiowa.edu/publications/uploads/WA-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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P. J.","contributorId":167109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, P. J.","contributorId":71575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123428,"text":"70123428 - 1989 - The correct citation and spelling of Ptiliogonys and type locality of Ptiliogonys cinereus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T17:24:22","indexId":"70123428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T13:40:23","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The correct citation and spelling of Ptiliogonys and type locality of Ptiliogonys cinereus","docAbstract":"William Swainson published descriptions and illustrations of many new forms of New World birds. In some of his earlier papers, Swainson cited his own works (of which only some parts have been published) as well as some manuscripts that were never published (see McMillan 1971). Swainson also referred to works that were published later under different titles. For example, Swainson (1827a) listed several names of birds and cited his \"Mexican Zoology,\" a work that was never published. Later he (Swainson 1831-1832) referred to the \"Cat. of Mex. Mus. App. p. 4 (1824),\" in which he claimed to have described the taxa he had listed in Swainson (1827a).
Modern authorities (e.g. Greenway 1960: 371; American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1983: 582) refer to the 1824 source as the original publication for the genus they render as Ptilogonys and (AOU 1983) for the species Ptilogonys cinereus. However, there is no evidence that the 1824 work was ever seen as a manuscript or published. In this paper, I review the use of \"Swainson, 1824,\" as a citation and discuss the actual publication, spelling of the names Ptiliogonys and Ptiliogonys cinereus, and type locality of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1989, The correct citation and spelling of Ptiliogonys and type locality of Ptiliogonys cinereus: The Auk, v. 106, no. 4, p. 743-746.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087692 "}],"volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a756ce4b01535cb427c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015258,"text":"70015258 - 1989 - Peak accelerations from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:39:11.109633","indexId":"70015258","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak accelerations from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"Peak accelerations of the Loma Prieta main shock have been tabulated from instruments maintained by a number of organizations. We have analyzed a subset of 86 records from nominally free-field sites, which have been subdivided into rock, alluvium, and bay-mud categories according to data available in various reports. After correction for attenuation, the peak accelerations on rock, alluvium, and bay-mud sites are factors of 1.6, 1.8, and 4.5 larger, on the average, than Joyner and Boore’s (1988) predicted values for a M= 6.9 earthquake. The mean motions for the rock and alluvium sites are somewhat greater than one standard deviation away from the predicted value, but the mean acceleration from the bay-mud sites is well outside the range expected from analyses of data from previous earthquakes from rock and alluvium sites. Large amplitudes of motions on bay-mud sites relative to rock sites (a factor of 2.8 for the average of the recordings of the Loma Prieta main shock) has been found previously from recordings of distant earthquakes and explosions, but the Loma Prieta earthquake provided the first opportunity to study the relative amplitudes from strong-motion recordings.
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Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, W.C.","contributorId":46697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darrah","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186956,"text":"70186956 - 1989 - Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T16:24:42","indexId":"70186956","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","docAbstract":"Historical eruptions have produced lahars and floods by perturbing snow and ice at more than 40 volcanoes worldwide. Most of these volcanoes are located at latitudes higher than 35°; those at lower latitudes reach altitudes generally above 4000 m. Volcanic events can perturb mantles of snow and ice in at least five ways: (1) scouring and melting by flowing pyroclastic debris or blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, (2) surficial melting by lava flows, (3) basal melting of glacial ice or snow by subglacial eruptions or geothermal activity, (4) ejection of water by eruptions through a crater lake, and (5) deposition of tephra fall. Historical records of volcanic eruptions at snow-clad volcanoes show the following: (1) Flowing pyroclastic debris (pyroclastic flows and surges) and blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris are the most common volcanic events that generate lahars and floods; (2) Surficial lava flows generally cannot melt snow and ice rapidly enough to form large lahars or floods; (3) Heating the base of a glacier or snowpack by subglacial eruptions or by geothermal activity can induce basal melting that may result in ponding of water and lead to sudden outpourings of water or sediment-rich debris flows; (4) Tephra falls usually alter ablation rates of snow and ice but generally produce little meltwater that results in the formation of lahars and floods; (5) Lahars and floods generated by flowing pyroclastic debris, blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, or basal melting of snow and ice commonly have volumes that exceed 105 m3.
The glowing lava (pyroclastic flow) which flowed with force over ravines and ridges...gathered in the basin quickly and then forced downwards. As a result, tremendously wide and deep pathways in the ice and snow were made and produced great streams of water (Wolf 1878).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00641384","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Newhall, C.G., 1989, Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641384.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cee4b08144348b7e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185886,"text":"70185886 - 1989 - Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:13:46","indexId":"70185886","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Measured stream discharge plus calculated ground water discharge (total measured runoff) were compared with runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method for the two largest watersheds of Mirror Lake for 1981–1983. Runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method, using Hubbard Brook watershed 3 as the index watershed, was greater than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of high flow and slightly less than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of low flow. Annual calculated unit runoff was 17 to 37 percent greater than total measured runoff. Differences in monthly runoff are far greater, ranging from 0 to greater than 100 percent. For high flows the calculated unit runoff is about 2 times greater than total measured runoff. For low flows the northwest basin of Mirror Lake has the greatest ground water contribution compared to the other two basins. In contrast, Hubbard Brook watershed 3 has the least ground water contribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Eaton, J., and Likens, G., 1989, Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 25, no. 5, p. 991-1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.608736628843445\n ],\n [\n -71.25097274780272,\n 43.608736628843445\n ],\n [\n -71.25097274780272,\n 43.63545396386518\n ],\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.63545396386518\n ],\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.608736628843445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c685742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, J.S.","contributorId":190048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70122966,"text":"70122966 - 1989 - Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T14:59:09","indexId":"70122966","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T14:55:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(20)","title":"Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","docAbstract":"Riparian ecosystems generally compose a minor proportion of surrounding\nareas, but typically are more structurally diverse and more productive in plant\nand animal biomass than adjacent upland areas. Riparian areas supply food,\ncover, and water (especially important in the arid West) for a large diversity\nof animals, and serve as migration routes and forest connectors between habitats\nfor a variety of wildlife, particularly ungulates and birds.
\nBecause riparian ecosystems often are relatively small areas and occur in\nconjunction with waterways, they are vulnerable to severe alteration. Riparian\necosystems throughout the U.S. have been heavily impacted by man's activities.\nRiparian ecosystem creation and restoration have been used as mitigation for\nproject impacts from highway, bridge, and pipeline construction; water\ndevelopment; flood control channel modifications; industrial and residential\ndevelopment; agriculture; irrigation; livestock grazing; mining; and accidental\nhabitat loss.
\nCreation of a riparian ecosystem in| a more mesic upland area (e.g.,\n‘grassland or cropland) adjacent to a river requires appropriate water supply and\ngrading the topography to suitable elevations to support plantings of riparian\nvegetation. Restoration involves returning the ecosystem to pre disturbance\nconditions and typically implies revegetation. Removing exotic vegetation or\nrestoring water supplies to pre disturbance level also may be involved.\nEnhancement of riparian ecosystems commonly refers to improving existing\nconditions to increase habitat value, usually by increasing plant or community\ndiversity to increase value for wildlife. Managing a riparian ecosystem\ntypically involves enhancement techniques. However, creation and restoration\nprojects often involve use of techniques considered more management-oriented\n(e.g., fencing to prevent cattle grazing until planted vegetation of a created\nor restored wetland is established).
\nProtection of an existing riparian ecosystem from impact should be of\nutmost importance during planning and construction phases of development\nprojects. If loss or damage is unavoidable, wetland creation or restoration\ncan be used as mitigation. Compared to other wetland types (e.g., coastal\nwetlands), projects and techniques involving creation or restoration of riparian\necosystems are not well documented. For example, only 8% of the records in the\nWCR Data Base contained information on riparian ecosystems, whereas 31% of the\nrecords contained information on coastal emergent or forested ecosystems. To\nprovide a source of currently available literature, riparian information from\n92 records (primarily published papers or reports) in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife\nService's (FWS) Wetland Creation-Restoration (WCR) Data Base (Schneller-McDonald\net al. 1988) was used to develop a literature summary of creation and restoration\nof riparian ecosystems.
\nThe summary provides an overview of the status of riparian ecosystems in\nthe U.S., a discussion of several riparian functions, and a review of some\ntechniques used for planning, implementing, monitoring, and measuring project\nsuccess of creation-restoration efforts. Case studies of various creation or\nrestoration projects are used to demonstrate these techniques and to report some\nresults of their use. Several well-documented case studies are discussed in\ndetail to illustrate more extensive efforts to plan, implement, or monitor\nriparian ecosystem creation-restoration projects.
\nFor the purpose of this report, riparian ecosystems are defined as\nlandscapes adjacent to drainageways of floodplains that exhibit vegetation, soil,\nand hydrologic mosaics along topographic and moisture gradients that are distinct\nfrom the predominant landscape surface types. Major plant communities are\ndescribed under palustrine system in Cowardin et al. (1979).
\nLiterature from the WCR Data Base was used to provide a summary of riparian\necosystem creation-restoration literature. Thus, information concerning natural\nsystems is not included unless discussed in these articles. This focus allows\nthe reader to compare relative information available on riparian ecosystem\ncreation-restoration efforts. However, this focus also results in limited\ninformation in some sections of the report (e.g., Status of Riparian Ecosystems\nin the U.S.).
\nIndividuals involved in riparian ecosystem creation-restoration efforts\nare encouraged to thoroughly examine available literature on natural and altered\nsystems. Brinson et al. (1981) provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of\nthe ecology and status of riparian ecosystems. Over 500 articles are cited in\ntheir 124-page report. Chapters include the following topics: status of\nriparian ecosystems in the U.S., ecological functions and properties of riparian\necosystems (e.g., geomorphology, primary productivity, nutrient cycling,\nhydrology), importance of riparian ecosystems to fish and wildlife, and\nconsiderations in valuation (ecologic and economic) of riparian ecosystems.\nBrinson et al. (1981) also discuss management of riparian ecosystems. Riparian\necosystem management literature was not included in the WCR Data Base, unless\nthe article also discussed creation or restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Manci, K.M., 1989, Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary, vi, 59 p.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193cfe4b0ae951d96063f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manci, Karen M.","contributorId":8389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123411,"text":"70123411 - 1989 - Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T12:50:37","indexId":"70123411","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T12:39:28","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(21)","title":"Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","docAbstract":"The primary objective of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 1251) is to restore and maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. Section 404 of the Act regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into wetlands and represents the primary Federal authority for regulation of wetland alterations. Since its inception, the Section 404 program has been controversial in regard to the extent to which it was intended to provide wetlands regulation.
\nSection 404 requires those who wish to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include many wetlands, to first obtain a Federal permit. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has overall responsibility for administration of the Section 404 program and promulgates guidelines that must be followed in issuing permits. In addition, EPA has the final authority to prohibit specific discharges if the environmental impacts are unacceptable. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issues Section 404 permits, which can be of two types. Individual Permits are issued following case-by-case reviews of proposed discharges. General Permits, which can be either nationwide or regional in scope, are authorized by the Corps for categories of activities that are similar in nature and that have only minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental impacts. EPA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), and State natural resource agencies review and comment on permit applications and offer recommendations on appropriate mitigation measures. Although comments from the Service and other natural resource agencies are advisory in nature (EPA's veto authority excepted), they can serve as the basis for modifying, conditioning, or denying a Section 404 permit.
\nIn 1986, in a survey conducted by the National Ecology Research Center, Service personnel indicated interest in additional information concerning both wetland trends and the impacts of activities authorized by the Corps under Section 404 (Roelle 1986). Although there is some information concerning wetland losses for certain geographic areas and for the Nation as a whole (Frayer et al. 1983; Tiner 1984), there appears to be little information on how these losses relate to the Section 404 permitting process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of estimating wetland losses in relationship to Individual and General Permits issued under Section 404. A secondary objective was to assemble data on acceptance and implementation of specific mitigation recommendations offered by the Service and other natural resource agencies in connection with development activities on wetlands examined.
\nAt present, 26 categories of Nationwide permits have been authorized by the Corps. Nationwide permit 26 was of particular interest in this study because it specifically authorizes discharges into wetlands under certain circumstances (see Figure 1 and related text for a more complete discussion of circumstances under which Nationwide Permit 26 is applicable). All subsequent references to Nationwide or General permits pertain to Nationwide Permit 26.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gladwin, D.N., Roelle, J.E., and Asherin, D.A., 1989, Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study, iii, 19 p.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad37e4b09baad27cdb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladwin, Douglas N.","contributorId":56352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asherin, Duane A.","contributorId":51660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123153,"text":"70123153 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:22:58","indexId":"70123153","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:11:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","docAbstract":"There are four major components of a stream system that determine the productivity of the fishery (Karr and Dudley 1978). These are: (1) flow regime, (2) physical habitat structure (channel form, substrate distribution, and riparian vegetation), (3) water quality (including temperature), and (4) energy inputs from the watershed (sediments, nutrients, and organic matter). The complex interaction of these components determines the primary production, secondary production, and fish population of the stream reach.
\nThe basic components and interactions needed to simulate fish populations as a function of management alternatives are illustrated in Figure I.1. The assessment process utilizes a hierarchical and modular approach combined with computer simulation techniques. The modular components represent the \"building blocks\" for the simulation. The quality of the physical habitat is a function of flow and, therefore, varies in quality and quantity over the range of the flow regime. The conceptual framework of the Incremental Methodology and guidelines for its application are described in \"A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology\" (Bovee 1982).
\nSimulation of physical habitat is accomplished using the physical structure of the stream and streamflow. The modification of physical habitat by temperature and water quality is analyzed separately from physical habitat simulation. Temperature in a stream varies with the seasons, local meteorological conditions, stream network configuration, and the flow regime; thus, the temperature influences on habitat must be analysed on a stream system basis. Water quality under natural conditions is strongly influenced by climate and the geological materials, with the result that there is considerable natural variation in water quality. When we add the activities of man, the possible range of water quality possibilities becomes rather large. Consequently, water quality must also be analysed on a stream system basis. Such analysis is outside the scope of this manual, which concentrates on simulation of physical habitat based on depth, velocity, and a channel index.
\nThe results form PHABSIM can be used alone or by using a series of habitat time series programs that have been developed to generate monthly or daily habitat time series from the Weighted Usable Area versus streamflow table resulting from the habitat simulation programs and streamflow time series data. Monthly and daily streamflow time series may be obtained from USGS gages near the study site or as the output of river system management models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Updike, M.A., and Schneider, D.M., 1989, Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II, v. 89, no. 16, 403 p.","productDescription":"403 p.","numberOfPages":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cfe4b044dc0e828981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Diane M.","contributorId":107206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231495,"text":"70231495 - 1989 - Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T16:13:25.913677","indexId":"70231495","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:10:05","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","docAbstract":"Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the salinity variations in vent fluids of seafloor geothermal systems. New experiments reacting diabase and evolved seawater were carried out to reproduce earlier published observations of Cl depletions attributed to formation of an ephemeral Cl-bearing mineral. The absence of any Cl depletions in the present study suggests that the formation of Cl-bearing minerals is not sufficiently widespread to account for the observed salinity variations in the vent fluids. A re-evaluation of both field and laboratory evidence has led to a new model for subseafloor circulation that accounts for salinity variations as well as other chemical and mineralogic observations. In place of a simple single-pass convection system, we propose that the seafloor systems consist of two vertically nested convection cells in which a brine layer at depth heats and drives an overlying seawater cell. Such layering of salinities, a process known in fluid mechanics as double-diffusive convection, is an expected result when convection is induced in saline fluids. The process provides for stable high-temperature heat transfer upward from the cracking front adjacent to the magma, and for limited chemical exchange of the brine with the overlying seawater to explain salinity variations and high metal contents in the vent fluids. The brine also provides an effective medium to produce the secondary mineral assemblages observed in rocks from the mid-ocean ridges and ophiolites unsuccessfully produced in laboratory studies using seawater. The brine originates from the two-phase separation of seawater during magmatic/tectonic events and accumulates and remains relatively stable in the region immediately above the magma chamber.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629338","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1989, Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection: Journal of Geology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 613-623, https://doi.org/10.1086/629338.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123396,"text":"70123396 - 1989 - Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:09:39","indexId":"70123396","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:06:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the second U.S.- U.S.S.R.symposium on air pollution effects on vegetation including forested ecosystems","conferenceTitle":"Air pollution effects on vegetation including forest ecosystems","conferenceDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Bromall, PA","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Bromall, PA","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C.M., and Stohlgren, T., 1989, Biological diversity and global change: habitat fragmentation and extinction, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad39e4b09baad27cdb5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C. M.","contributorId":58231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123390,"text":"70123390 - 1989 - Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:48:17","indexId":"70123390","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T10:44:49","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians","docAbstract":"We compared occurrence and abundance of four species of aquatic amphibians in 23 streams flowing through uncut forests to 20 streams flowing through forests logged between 14 and 40 years prior to the study. Species richness was highest in streams in uncut forests. Eleven streams in uncut forests contained all four species, and only two of these streams had fewer than three species present. Eleven streams in logged stands had one or no species present, and only one contained all four species. Density and biomass of all four species were significantly greater (2–7 X) in streams in uncut forests. Physical comparisons between types of streams were similar, except that streams in logged stands had generally smaller substrata, resulting from increased sedimentation. Densities of Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus) and Olympic salamanders (Rhyacotriton olymoicus) were positively correlated with stream gradient in logged stands, but not in uncut forests, suggesting that the disruptive effects of increased sedimentation are greatest in low-gradient streams. Tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) and Dunn's salamanders (Plethodon dunni) occurred more often in streams in logged stands when uncut timber was present upstream, but neither density nor biomass of any species were related to either presence of uncut timber upstream or years since logging. Logging upstream from uncut forests also had no effect on the presence, density or biomass of any species. Tailed frogs and Olympic salamanders may be extirpated from headwaters traversing clearcuts; these streams should be afforded some protection in plans for managed forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1989, Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 39-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293368,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90055-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74f9e4b01535cb4278cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}