The numbers of radiolarians visible in thin sections of chert-rich rocks are commonly an order of magnitude greater than the numbers observed on the surfaces of fragments etched by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and typically orders of magnitude greater than the numbers of individuals found in HF-processed residues. Destruction of radiolarians during both diagenesis and HF processing severely reduces faunal abundance and diversity and affects the taxonomic and biostratigraphic utility of chert residues. The robust forms that survive the processing represent only a small fraction of the death assemblage, and delicate skeletal structures used for species differentiation, commonly preserved in limestone radiolarian faunas, are either poorly preserved or dissolved in many coeval chert residues. First and last occurrences of taxa in chert sequences are likely to be coarse approximations of their true stratigraphic ranges. Precise correlation is difficult between biozonations based solely on index species from cherts and those constructed from limestone faunas. Careful selection of samples in sequence, use of weaker HF solutions, and study of both chert and limestone faunas should yield better biostratigraphic information.
Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances have been analysed in twenty-two samples of basaltic glass dredged from the submarine flanks of two currently active Hawaiian volcanoes, Loihi Seamount and Kilauea. Neon isotopic ratios are enriched in 20Ne and 21Ne by as much as 16% with respect to atmospheric ratios. All the Hawaiian basalt glass samples show relatively high
The family Palaeothentidae contains some of the dentally more specialized of the small-bodied marsupials of South America and was a clade almost equivalent with the Abderitidae in having been the most abundant caenolestoids. They were unquestionably the most diverse, containing two subfamilies, nine genera, and 19 species, with a distribution ranging from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego. The best and most continuous record of the Palaeothentidae is from Patagonian Argentina where eight genera and 17 species are recognized. There, the Palaeothentidae ranged in age from the Deseadan (later Oligocene) through the late Santacrucian (middle Miocene—the Santacrucian record lasting from about 19.4 m.y. to considerably less than 16.05 m.y. before the present). The family appears to have survived longer in Colombia. The palaeothentine Palaeothentes boliviensis (Bolivia) and the incertae sedis genus and species Hondathentes cazador (Colombia) are the only taxa restricted to an extra-Argentine distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000062107","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Bown, T.M., and Fleagle, J., 1993, Systematics, biostratigraphy, and dental evolution of the Palaeothentidae, later Oligocene to early-middle Miocene (Deseadan- Santacrucian) caenolestoid marsupials of South America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, no. 2 Suppl., 76 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000062107.","productDescription":"76 p.","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba374e4b08c986b31fce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleagle, J.G.","contributorId":80831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleagle","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014727,"text":"1014727 - 1993 - Elemental composition of a migratory and a land-locked strain of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T18:54:16","indexId":"1014727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elemental composition of a migratory and a land-locked strain of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar","docAbstract":"1. The growth and elemental composition of an anadromous strain and a land-locked strain of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were compared.
2. All fish were raised from the egg stage under identical conditions.
3. The land-locked strain was significantly higher in lipids than the anadromous strain throughout the study.
4. Results of exposure to seawater at 2-week intervals between days 431 and 512 of the study indicated that neither strain produced smolts.
5. Strains could not be separated by discriminant analysis into separate groups, based on concentrations of the six most abundant elements or all ten elements sampled during the expected period of smolting (days 440–550).
6. The laboratory fish differed significantly in composition from those collected in the Merrimack River.
7. The loge of the whole-body element content increased significantly with loge of wet body wt in both strains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(93)90014-U","usgsCitation":"Rottiers, D.V., 1993, Elemental composition of a migratory and a land-locked strain of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 104, no. 1, p. 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90014-U.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014729,"text":"1014729 - 1993 - Relationship between the amount of bone, major cations, and body size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T12:07:14.402421","indexId":"1014729","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between the amount of bone, major cations, and body size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1447143","usgsCitation":"Rottiers, D.V., 1993, Relationship between the amount of bone, major cations, and body size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar: Copeia, v. 1993, no. 2, p. 440-446, https://doi.org/10.2307/1447143.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1993","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63471b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017727,"text":"70017727 - 1993 - Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:30:21","indexId":"70017727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less-than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Raccoon River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b2e4b0c8380cd5139a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017738,"text":"70017738 - 1993 - Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017738","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"Permafrost has been suggested as a high-latitude source of methane (a greenhouse gas) during global warming. To begin to assess the magnitude of this source, we have examined the methane content of permafrost in samples from shallow cores (maximum depth, 9.5m) at three sites in Fairbanks, Alaska, where discontinuous permafrost is common. These cores sampled frozen loess, peat, and water (ice) below the active layer. Methane contents of permafrost range from <0.001 to 22.2mg/kg of sample. The highest methane content of 22.2mg/kg was found in association with peat at one site. Silty loess had high methane contents at each site of 6.56, 4.24, and 0.152mg/kg, respectively. Carbon isotopic compositions of the methane (??13C) ranged from -70.8 to -103.9 ???, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the methane (??D) from -213 to -313 ???, indicating that the methane is microbial in origin. The methane concentrations were used in a one dimensional heat conduction model to predict the amount of methane that will be released from permafrost worldwide over the next 100 years, given two climate change scenarios. Our results indicate that at least 30 years will elapse before melting permafrost releases important amounts of methane; a maximum methane release rate will be about 25 to 30 Tg/yr, assuming that methane is generally distributed in shallow permafrost as observed in our samples.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1993, Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska, in Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 1-4, p. 609-616.","startPage":"609","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552fe4b0c8380cd6d162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017762,"text":"70017762 - 1993 - Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017762","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada","docAbstract":"Three carbonate-rich spring deposits are present near the southern end of Crater Flat, NV, approximately 18 km southwest of the potential high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain. We have analyzed five samples of carbonate-rich material from two of the deposits for U and Th isotopic compositions. Resulting U-series disequilibrium ages indicate that springs were active at 18 ?? 1, 30 ?? 3, 45 ?? 4 and >70 ka. These ages are consistent with a crude internal stratigraphy at one site. Identical ages for two samples at two separate sites suggest that springs were contemporaneous, at least in part, and were most likely part of the same hydrodynamic system. In addition, initial U isotopic compositions range from 2.8 to 3.8 and strongly suggest that ground water from the regional Tertiary-volcanic aquifer provided the source for these hydrogenic deposits. This interpretation, along with water level data from near-by wells suggest that the water table rose approximately 80 to 115 m above present levels during the late Quaternary and may have fluctuated repeatedly. Current data are insufficient to allow reconstruction of a detailed depositional history, however geochronological data are in good agreement with other paleoclimatic proxy records preserved throughout the region. Since these deposits are down gradient from the potential repository site, the possibility of higher ground water levels in the future dramatically shortens both vertical and lateral ground water pathways and reduces travel times of transported radionuclides to potential discharge sites.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Taylor, E.M., and Bush, C., 1993, Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1573-1580.","startPage":"1573","endPage":"1580","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4556e4b0c8380cd67223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Charles","contributorId":26466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014748,"text":"1014748 - 1993 - Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:55:50.618654","indexId":"1014748","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout","docAbstract":"Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were reared for 1 year in water with one of six levels of incoming differential gas pressure (▵P): 4, 17, 33, 43, 58, or 75 mm Hg. Growth and survival of fish were evaluated as measures of response to the potential long‐term stress of elevated dissolved gases in rearing water. Mortality rates were not different among fish held in supersaturated water up to ▵P 58 (108% of total gas saturation), but mortality at ▵P 75 (110% saturation) was significantly higher after day 28. From days 21 to 35, the number of nonfeeding, moribund fish increased with increasing gas level. By day 56, the length and weight of fish were significantly greater at ▵P 4 than at higher gas levels. Growth rate reductions were evident for lake trout in ▵P 17 and above for more than 252 d. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly better in fish held at ▵Ps 4 and 17 than at higher pressures. Lake trout grew fastest and most efficiently at ▵P 4 for 252 d, but ▵P 58 was also a safe rearing level in terms of mortality. There were no signs of gas bubble formation in fish held at or below ▵P 58 and only 3% of the fish at ▵P 75 exhibited emphysemas after 269 d of exposure. For optimum growth of juvenile lake trout, total dissolved gas levels should be less than ▵P 17, probably near ▵P 0.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0169:EOOYET%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., 1993, Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 3, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0169:EOOYET%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017960,"text":"70017960 - 1993 - Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T18:49:21","indexId":"70017960","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry","docAbstract":"Studies of the paragenesis and U-Pb systematics of monazite in rocks from the eastern Mojave Desert, California, corroborate its potential usefulness as a prograde thermochronometer and in dating granite inheritance. Unmetamorphosed Latham Shale and its equivalents at grades ranging from greenschist to upper amphibolite facies are virtually identical in composition. Monazite is absent in the shale and low-grade schists, but it is abundant in schists at staurolite and higher grades. Lower-grade schists instead include minute Th- and Ce-oxides and unidentified Ce-poor LREE-phosphates that apparently are lower-temperature precursors to monazite. Thus monazite originates when the pelite passes through lower-amphibolite-facies conditions. Monazites from three Upper Cretaceous granites yield ages that are strongly discordant. Upper intercepts of 1.6-1.7 Ga are similar to those defined by U-Pb data for coexisting zircons and coincide with a period of copious magmatism in the Mojave crust. As the host Upper Cretaceous granitic magmas were all above 700??C, effective closure of the restitic monazites to Pb loss must be well in excess of this temperature. U-Pb compositions of monazite from Proterozoic granitoids and schist also indicate high Pb retentivity. Taken together, these studies support the suggestion that monazite can be an effective prograde thermochronometer. At least in pelites, it is not usually retained as a detrital mineral, but rather forms during moderate-temperature metamorphism. Its U-Pb system should not be reset by subsequent higher-grade metamorphism. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J., Miller, C.F., Wooden, J.L., and Harrison, T., 1993, Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry: Chemical Geology, v. 110, no. 1-3, p. 147-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D.","startPage":"147","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D"},{"id":228358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d54e4b0c8380cd702f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingsbury, J.A.","contributorId":21583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C. F.","contributorId":89971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017958,"text":"70017958 - 1993 - Constraints in the hot-dry-rock resources of the united states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017958","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Constraints in the hot-dry-rock resources of the united states","docAbstract":"As with hydrothermal systems, the western U.S has higher HDR potential overall than the eastern U.S. because geothermal gradients on average are higher in the west. Nevertheless, some attractive exploration targets occur in the eastern U.S. The most favorable target in the eastern U.S. (defined here to include the Great Plains province) is one in which the heat flow from the basement rocks is higher than average, either due to heat generation from highly radioactive rocks or to a plume of hot water driven upwards from greater depths by convection, and where such basement rocks are blanketed by one or more kilometers of sedimentary material having a low thermal conductivity.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., and Guffanti, M., 1993, Constraints in the hot-dry-rock resources of the united states, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 343-346.","startPage":"343","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa09e4b0c8380cd4d8c0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sass, John","contributorId":14130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185279,"text":"70185279 - 1993 - Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:46:25","indexId":"70185279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","docAbstract":"Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body - heavily contaminated; oil covering 30–60% of the body - moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur - lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/030098589303000101","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, T., Harris, R., Moeller, R., Pletcher, J., Haebler, R., and Ballachey, B.E., 1993, Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil: Veterinary Pathology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a1e4b0849ce97f0d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, T.P.","contributorId":174540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, R.K.","contributorId":189492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moeller, R.B.","contributorId":189498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pletcher, J.M.","contributorId":189499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pletcher","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haebler, R.J.","contributorId":189500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haebler","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017716,"text":"70017716 - 1993 - Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:48:57","indexId":"70017716","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen before and after the implementation of nutrient management. Inputs of nitrogen to the site were manure fertilizer, commercial fertilizer, nitrogen in precipitation, and nitrogen in ground-water inflow; and these sources averaged 93, 4, 2, and 1 percent of average annual nitrogen additions, respectively. Outputs of nitrogen from the site were nitrogen in harvested crops, loads of nitrogen in surface runoff, volatilization of nitrogen, and loads of nitrogen in ground-water discharge, which averaged 37, less than 1,25, and 38 percent of average annual nitrogen removals from the site, respectively. Virtually all of the nitrogen leaving the site that was not removed in harvested crops or by volatilization was discharged in the ground water. Applications of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to 47.5 acres of cropped fields decreased about 33 percent, from an average of 22,700 pounds per year (480 pounds per acre per year) before nutrient management to 15,175 pounds of nitrogen per year (320 pounds per acre per year) after the implementation of nutrient management practices. Nitrogen loads in ground-water discharged from the site decreased about 30 percent, from an average of 292 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons of ground water before nutrient management to an average of 203 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons as a result of the decreased manure and commercial fertilizer applications. Reductions in manure and commercial fertilizer applications caused a reduction of approximately 11,000 pounds (3,760 pounds per year, 70 pounds per acre per year) in the load of nitrogen discharged in ground water from the 55-acre site during the three-year period 1987-1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., and Risser, D.W., 1993, Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 1, p. 55-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x.","startPage":"55","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267702,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x"},{"id":228576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0681e4b0c8380cd51293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003572,"text":"1003572 - 1993 - Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report January 1993-March 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-28T10:42:41","indexId":"1003572","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report January 1993-March 1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kidd, G., 1993, Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report January 1993-March 1993: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 3, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, G.","contributorId":91440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017869,"text":"70017869 - 1993 - A flexible Au-Ir cell with quick assembly for hydrothermal experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017869","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A flexible Au-Ir cell with quick assembly for hydrothermal experiments","docAbstract":"The paper describes a new flexible reaction cell for high-temperature and high-pressure experiments in hydrothermal apparatus. The interior of the cell is all Au, except for two inert Ir gaskets. The design features an all Au cap that can be easily and rapidly assembled and disassembled. The capacity of the cell is approximately 240 mL, with a height of 20 cm and an o.d. of 6 cm. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Potter, J., 1993, A flexible Au-Ir cell with quick assembly for hydrothermal experiments: American Mineralogist, v. 78, no. 11-12, p. 1286-1289.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dde4b0c8380cd4627a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, J.M.","contributorId":14255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003402,"text":"1003402 - 1993 - Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:45:46.41236","indexId":"1003402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Major phosphorus (P) fluxes to and from the pelagic zone (i.e., open water region including epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion) were estimated from data collected over a 6 year period during the summer in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin. P inputs to the pelagic zone included profundal sediments, the watershed, groundwater, and transport of P from the littoral zone. P outputs from the pelagic zone included discharge from the reservoir, deposition, and transport of P to the littoral zone. Nighttime convective circulation was assumed to be the dominant mechanism of P exchange between the littoral and pelagic zones. Littoral P inputs, often neglected from budgetary analyses, accounted for 15% of the total measured P input and 25% of the internal P input to the pelagic zone. External P inputs were greatest, accounting for 42% of the total measured P input to the pelagic zone. These results emphasize the need for control of various sources of P inputs in the development of lake and reservoir management strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149309354459","usgsCitation":"James, W., and Barko, J., 1993, Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 8, no. 1, p. 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149309354459.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149309354459","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68016e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008468,"text":"1008468 - 1993 - Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: The ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T12:16:36.401417","indexId":"1008468","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: The ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1447221","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1993, Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: The ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought: Copeia, v. 1993, no. 3, p. 605-614, https://doi.org/10.2307/1447221.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"614","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1993","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018397,"text":"70018397 - 1993 - Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018397","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards","docAbstract":"Ease of data access and data standards are two issues critical to the success of GIS technology when applied to earthquake hazards research problems that require geotechnical engineering and related data. Efforts to reduce data accession costs and to streamline the data exchange process will result in short-term cost and time saving and will add long-term value to the data sets themselves. Such efforts might include centralized data centers, standardized data base designs and formats, cooperative efforts to fill data gaps, and standardized distribution methods and media.","largerWorkTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering; Proceedings of a Workshop","conferenceDate":"29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629732","usgsCitation":"Tarr, A.C., 1993, Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards, in Geographic Information Systems and Their Application in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January 1993 through 30 January 1993, p. 104-107.","startPage":"104","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ae4b0c8380cd473ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000647,"text":"1000647 - 1993 - Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:05:25","indexId":"1000647","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair","docAbstract":"Walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) from Lake Erie differed in allele frequencies from walleyes in Lake St. Clair (N = 1,680; 25 loci); however, only slight differences were found among walleyes from different spawning sites in each lake. Analyses of allele frequency data from samples of nonspawning walleyes taken in Lake St. Clair provided conditional maximum likelihood estimates that 86% of these walleyes were from Lake St. Clair and 14% from Lake Erie (SD = 19.7%) in 1983 and that 63% were from Lake St. Clair and 37% were from Lake Erie (SD = 20.0%) in 1984. About 30% of 1,159 recoveries of walleyes tagged in Lake Erie were taken from the Detroit River northward to southern Lake Huron, thus demonstrating extensive mixing of stocks from Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. Additionally, tags recovered from the upper half of the St. Clair River provided an estimate of mixed stock composition of 76% Lake St. Clair fish and 24% Lake Erie fish. Analyses of tags returned during successive spawning seasons showed that walleyes strongly tended to return to suspected natal spawning areas. The tagging data thus corroborate the genetic evidence that walleye stocks from Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie are different, and that large numbers of Lake Erie walleyes enter Lake St. Clair during nonspawning seasons and return to their Lake Erie spawning sites each year. Western Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair walleyes should be considered as separate stocks for management purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71231-9","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Haas, R.C., 1993, Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 445-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71231-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"452","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db54658f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017349,"text":"70017349 - 1993 - Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:36:34.484578","indexId":"70017349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","docAbstract":"The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-4, p. 61-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbce4b0c8380cd49995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003171,"text":"1003171 - 1993 - Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"1003171","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","docAbstract":"We quantified total mercury in surficial sediments (uppermost 5 cm) of six small seepage lakes. Fifty cores were taken from each lake, based on a random sampling design stratified by water depth. Volumetric concentrations (mass per volume of wet sediment) more accurately portrayed the depth distribution of mercury in the lakes than did dry-weight concentrations, which underrepresented the significance of the shallow-water sediments as a reservoir of potentially available mercury. Estimates of whole-lake burdens (masses) of mercury in the surficial sediment, which represents the maximum amount of sedimentary mercury available for methylation, ranged from 45 to 149 g. We hypothesize that the observed variation in areal burdens of mercury was partly due to variation among lakes in the pH-related efflux of gaseous mercury (Hg super(0)) from the lakes to the atmosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin River Studies Center","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Rada, R., Powell, D., and Wiener, J., 1993, Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 4, p. 865-873.","productDescription":"pp. 865-873","startPage":"865","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, D.E.","contributorId":72093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003518,"text":"1003518 - 1993 - Selecting islands and shoals for conservation based on biological and aesthetic criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:53:45.206737","indexId":"1003518","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selecting islands and shoals for conservation based on biological and aesthetic criteria","docAbstract":"Consideration of biological quality has long been an important component of rating areas for conservation. Often these same areas are highly valued by people for aesthetic reasons, creating demands for housing and recreation that may conflict with protection plans for these habitats. Most methods of selecting land for conservation purposes use biological factors alone. For some land areas, analysis of aesthetic qualities is also important in describing the scenic value of undisturbed land. A method for prioritizing small islands and shoals based on both biological and visual quality factors is presented here. The study included 169 undeveloped islands and shoals a??0.8 ha in the Thousand Islands Region of the St. Lawrence River, New York. Criteria such as critical habitat for uncommon plant and animal species were considered together with visual quality and incorporated into a rating system that ranked the islands and shoals according to their priority for conservation management and protection from development. Biological factors were determined based on previous research and a field survey. Visual quality was determined by visual diagnostic criteria developed from public responses to photographs of a sample of islands. Variables such as elevation, soil depth, and type of plant community can be used to classify islands into different categories of visual quality but are unsuccessful in classifying islands into categories of overall biological quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02394690","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Leopold, D., and Smardon, R., 1993, Selecting islands and shoals for conservation based on biological and aesthetic criteria: Environmental Management, v. 17, p. 199-210, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394690.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7efd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leopold, D.J.","contributorId":75469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smardon, R.C.","contributorId":54142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smardon","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018267,"text":"70018267 - 1993 - Inferred depth of creep on the Hayward Fault, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T00:00:10.004414","indexId":"70018267","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferred depth of creep on the Hayward Fault, central California","docAbstract":"A relation between creep rate at the surface trace of a fault, the depth to the bottom of the creeping zone, and the rate of stress accumulation on the fault is derived from Weertman's 1964 friction model of slip on a fault. A 5 ± 1 km depth for the creeping zone on the Hayward fault is estimated from the measured creep rate (5 mm/yr) at the fault trace and the rate of stress increase on the upper segment of the fault trace inferred from geodetic measurements across the San Francisco Bay area. Although fault creep partially accommodates the secular slip rate on the Hayward fault, a slip deficit is accumulating equivalent to a magnitude 6.6 earthquake on each 40 km segment of the fault each century. Thus, the current behavior of the fault is consistent with its seismic history, which includes two moderate earthquakes in the mid-1800's.
Low recovery of transplanted mussels often prevents accurate estimates of survival. We developed a method that provided a high recovery of transplanted mussels and allowed for a reliable assessment of mortality.
A 3 × 3 m polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe grid was secured to the sediment with iron reinforcing bars. The grid was divided into nine 1-m2 segments and each treatment segment, was stocked with 100 marked mussels. The recovery of mussels after six months exceeded 80% in all but one treatment group.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664878","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Rach, J., Cope, W., and Luoma, J., 1993, A sampling method for conducting relocation studies with freshwater mussels: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 397-399, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664878.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a715a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, J.A.","contributorId":68010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}