{"pageNumber":"4165","pageRowStart":"104100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":96689,"text":"96689 - 1993 - Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: Annual Report for USFWS Scientific Research Permit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"96689","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: Annual Report for USFWS Scientific Research Permit","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Annual Report for USFWS Scientific Research Permit.","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., 1993, Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: Annual Report for USFWS Scientific Research Permit, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"27","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62537d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018306,"text":"70018306 - 1993 - Structural character of the Ghost Dance fault, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018306","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural character of the Ghost Dance fault, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Detailed structural mapping of an area that straddles the southern part of the Ghost Dance Fault has revealed the presence of several additional subparallel to anastomosing faults. These faults, mapped at a scale of 1:240, are: 1) dominantly north trending, 2) present on both the upthrown and downthrown sides of the surface trace of the Ghost Dance fault, 3) near-vertical features that commonly offset strata down to the west by 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 ft), and 4) commonly spaced 15 to 46 m (50 to 150 ft) apart. The zone also exhibits a structural fabric, containing an abundance of northwest-trending fractures. The width of the zone appears to be at least 213 m (700 ft) near the southernmost boundary of the study area but remains unknown near the northern extent of the study area, where the width of the study area is only 183 m (600 ft).","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Spengler, R., Braun, C., Linden, R., Martin, L., Ross-Brown, D.M., and Blackburn, R., 1993, Structural character of the Ghost Dance fault, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 653-659.","startPage":"653","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bcde4b08c986b31d0d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, C.A.","contributorId":70407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linden, R.M.","contributorId":66007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linden","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, L.G.","contributorId":61449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross-Brown, D. M.","contributorId":14134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross-Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blackburn, R.L.","contributorId":49535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackburn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":96690,"text":"96690 - 1993 - Environmental Assessment for Experimental Program to Shoot Ravens. Bureau of Land Management. Riverside, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"96690","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Environmental Assessment for Experimental Program to Shoot Ravens. Bureau of Land Management. Riverside, CA","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., 1993, Environmental Assessment for Experimental Program to Shoot Ravens. Bureau of Land Management. Riverside, CA.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96646,"text":"96646 - 1993 - Status of aquatic amphibians in the San Gabriel Wilderness Area, Angeles National Forest. Final report prepared for the United States Department of Agriculture, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia, California, through Interagency Agreement (5-01-69-019)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"96646","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Status of aquatic amphibians in the San Gabriel Wilderness Area, Angeles National Forest. Final report prepared for the United States Department of Agriculture, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia, California, through Interagency Agreement (5-01-69-019)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center, Piedras Blancas Field Station","publisherLocation":"San Simeon, CA","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., 1993, Status of aquatic amphibians in the San Gabriel Wilderness Area, Angeles National Forest. Final report prepared for the United States Department of Agriculture, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia, California, through Interagency Agreement (5-01-69-019), 37 p.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"37","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c7f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018248,"text":"70018248 - 1993 - A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:15:47","indexId":"70018248","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method to separate sediments into discrete size fractions for geochemical analysis has been tested. The procedures were chosen to minimize the destruction or formation of aggregates and involved gentle sieving and settling of wet samples. Freeze-drying and sonication pretreatments, known to influence aggregates, were used for comparison. Freeze-drying was found to increase the silt/clay ratio by an average of 180 percent compared to analysis of a wet sample that had been wet sieved only. Sonication of a wet sample decreased the silt/clay ratio by 51 percent. The concentrations of metals and organic carbon in the separated fractions changed depending on the pretreatment procedures in a manner consistent with the hypothesis that aggregates consist of fine-grained organic- and metal-rich particles. The coarse silt fraction of a freeze-dried sample contained 20–44 percent higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, and organic carbon than the coarse silt fraction of the wet sample. Sonication resulted in concentrations of these analytes that were 18–33 percent lower in the coarse silt fraction than found in the wet sample. Sonication increased the concentration of lead in the clay fraction by an average of 40 percent compared to an unsonicated sample. Understanding the magnitude of change caused by different analysis protocols is an aid in designing future studies that seek to interpret the spatial distribution of contaminated sediments and their transport mechanisms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00775044","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Barbanti, A., and Bothner, M., 1993, A procedure for partitioning bulk sediments into distinct grain-size fractions for geochemical analysis: Environmental Geology, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00775044.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50ce4b0c8380cd46ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbanti, A.","contributorId":6204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbanti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96645,"text":"96645 - 1993 - Breeding activities of the least Bell's vireo at the west San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"96645","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Breeding activities of the least Bell's vireo at the west San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1993, Breeding activities of the least Bell's vireo at the west San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96644,"text":"96644 - 1993 - Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"96644","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1992-1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1993, Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1992-1993, 29 p.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"29","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96642,"text":"96642 - 1993 - Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:42:31","indexId":"96642","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Final Report National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association.","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Orthmeyer, D., Casazza, M.L., McLandress, M., and Connelly, D., 1993, Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California, 73 p.","productDescription":"73 p.","startPage":"73","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":299994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLandress, M.R.","contributorId":15550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLandress","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connelly, D.P.","contributorId":30166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018308,"text":"70018308 - 1993 - Nonlinear forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:00:13.550886","indexId":"70018308","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy)","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15575350\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The ground level in Pozzuoli, Italy, at the center of the Campi Flegrei caldera, was monitored by tide gauges between 1970 and 1976 and then continuously since 1982. Tide gauges offer a long record of a variable that is believed to be related to the activity of an underlying shallow magma chamber. Previous work suggests that the dynamics of the Campi Flegrei system, as reconstructed from the tide gauge record, is chaotic and low dimensional. According to this suggestion, in spite of the complexity of the system, at a time scale of days the ground motion is driven by a deterministic mechanism with few degrees of freedom; however, the interactions of the system may never be describable in full detail. Our new analysis of the tide gauge record from January 1987 to June 1989, using Nonlinear Forecasting, confirms low-dimensional chaos in the ground elevation record at Campi Flegrei and suggests that Nonlinear Forecasting could be a useful tool in volcanic surveillance.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0239:NFAOID>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cortini, M., and Barton, C., 1993, Nonlinear forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy): Geology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0239:NFAOID>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6784e4b0c8380cd7338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cortini, M.","contributorId":16572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cortini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018310,"text":"70018310 - 1993 - Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:19:48","indexId":"70018310","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Project (1983-89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitation were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO42- and NO3- were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences paralleled the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Baseflow ANC is not a reliable predictor of stream acidity at high flow; some streams with high baseflow ANC (> 150 ??eq L-1) declined to near zero ANC at high flow, and one stream with low baseflow ANC (< 50 ??eq L-1) did not approach zero ANC as flow increased. Episodic decreases in ANC and pH during peak flows were associated with increased concentrations of NO3- and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Aluminum concentrations exceeding 300 ??g L-1 were observed during peak flows in headwater streams of the Neversink River and Rondout Creek. Seasonal Kendall Tau tests for temporal trends indicate that SO42- concentrations in streamwater generally decreased and NO3- concentrations increased during the period 1983-1989. Combined acid anion concentrations (SO42- + NO3-) were generally unchanged throughout the period of record, indicating both that the status of these streams with respect to acidic deposition is unchanged, and that NO3- is gradually replacing SO42- as the dominant acid anion in the Catskill streams.Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the US Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Long-term monitoring project (19831-89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitations were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO42- and No3- were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences parallelel the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00478154","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Stoddard, J., 1993, Chemical characteristics and temporal trends in eight streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 67, no. 3-4, p. 367-395, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00478154.","startPage":"367","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267643,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478154"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f55ae4b0c8380cd4c1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoddard, J.L.","contributorId":75709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197268,"text":"70197268 - 1993 - The nature of mineral deposits and the development and use of deposit models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T13:32:32","indexId":"70197268","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The nature of mineral deposits and the development and use of deposit models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Mineral Development Sourcebook","language":"English","publisher":"Forum for International Development","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Cox, D.P., 1993, The nature of mineral deposits and the development and use of deposit models, chap. <i>of</i> International Mineral Development Sourcebook, p. 39-42.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2e7e4b092d9651e22ad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McDivitt, J. F.","contributorId":205209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDivitt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736477,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018288,"text":"70018288 - 1993 - The Hatu gold anomaly, Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region, China - testing the hypothesis of aeolian transport of gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:25:51.051236","indexId":"70018288","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hatu gold anomaly, Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region, China - testing the hypothesis of aeolian transport of gold","docAbstract":"<p>In 1987, a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration was initiated to evaluate the origin of the Hatu gold anomaly. The anomaly is located in the Hatu mining district in the northwest corner of Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China. The climate is semiarid to arid and wind erosion predominates. A regional soil survey of the Hatu district, based on samples collected on a 200 by 500 m grid and composited prior to chemical analysis to a density of one sample per square km, delineated a series of south-southeast-trending Au anomalies. Anomalous Au values range from 5 ppb to more than 700 ppb. The Hatu anomaly, the most prominent of these anomalies, is more than 30 km long and about 5 km wide. The mining town of Hatu and the economic gold deposits of Qiqu 1 and Qiqu 2 are at the northern end of this anomaly. The axis of the Hatu anomaly cuts across mapped structure and stratigraphy in the district, but is parallel to the prevailing wind direction. This observation led to the hypothesis that the Hatu anomaly is the result of acolian dispersion of gold from the vicinity of Qiqu 1 and Qiqu 2. The alternative interpretation, that the anomalies reflected additional primary gold occurrences, was not consistent with existing information on the known occurrences and the geology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(93)90066-U","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Theobald, P., Shiquan, S., Tianxiang, R., and Zhihui, H., 1993, The Hatu gold anomaly, Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region, China - testing the hypothesis of aeolian transport of gold: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 47, no. 1-3, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(93)90066-U.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba76ee4b08c986b32156d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theobald, P. K.","contributorId":45293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiquan, S.","contributorId":67227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiquan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tianxiang, R.","contributorId":18120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tianxiang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhihui, H.","contributorId":67674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhihui","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018287,"text":"70018287 - 1993 - Rare earth element concentrations in geological and synthetic samples using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:34:16","indexId":"70018287","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth element concentrations in geological and synthetic samples using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis","docAbstract":"The concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in specific mineral grains from the Bayan Obo ore deposit and synthetic high-silica glass samples have been measured by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis using excitation of the REE K lines between 33 and 63 keV. Because SXRF, a nondestructive analytical technique, has much lower minimum detection limits (MDLs) for REEs, it is an important device that extends the in situ analytical capability of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The distribution of trace amounts of REEs in common rock-forming minerals, as well as in REE minerals and minerals having minor quantities of REEs, can be analyzed with SXRF. Synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet and a wiggler source at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was used to excite the REEs. MDLs of 6 ppm (La) to 26 ppm (Lu) for 3600 s in 60-??m-thick standard samples were obtained with a 25-??m diameter wiggler beam. The MDLs for the light REEs were a factor of 10-20 lower than the MDLs obtained with a bending magnet beam. The SXRF REE concentrations in mineral grains greater than 25 ??m compared favorably with measurements using EPMA. Because EPMA offered REE MDLs as low as several hundred ppm, the comparison was limited to the abundant light REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd). For trace values of medium and heavy REEs, the SXRF concentrations were in good agreement with measurements using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), a bulk analysis technique. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(93)95718-K","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Chao, E.C., Back, J., Minkin, J., Rivers, M., Sutton, S., Cygan, G., Grossman, J.N., and Reed, M., 1993, Rare earth element concentrations in geological and synthetic samples using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 75, no. 1-4, p. 576-581, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(93)95718-K.","startPage":"576","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268845,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(93)95718-K"},{"id":227198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9518e4b0c8380cd817d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.R.","contributorId":98468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Back, J.M.","contributorId":15639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rivers, M.L.","contributorId":39526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivers","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutton, S.R.","contributorId":47525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cygan, G.L.","contributorId":56379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reed, M.J.","contributorId":35308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70018389,"text":"70018389 - 1993 - Unique laminar-flow stability limit based shallow-water theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:52:04.548776","indexId":"70018389","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique laminar-flow stability limit based shallow-water theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two approaches are generally taken in deriving the stability limit for the Froude number&nbsp;</span><span>(\uD835\uDC39\uD835\uDC60)</span><span>&nbsp;for laminar sheet flow: The first approach uses the Orr‐Sommerfeld equation, while the second uses the cross‐section‐averaged equations of continuity and motion. Because both approaches are based on shallow‐water theory, the values of&nbsp;</span><span>\uD835\uDC39<sub>\uD835\uDC60</sub></span><span>&nbsp;obtained from both approaches should be identical, yet in the literature they are not. This suggests that a defect exists in at least one of the two approaches. After examining the governing equations used in both approaches, one finds that the existing cross‐section‐averaged equation of motion is dependent on the frame of reference. To correct this defect, one can formulate a frame‐independent equation of motion relative to a coordinate system moving with constant velocity, then derive a new expression for&nbsp;</span><span>\uD835\uDC39<sub>\uD835\uDC60</sub></span><span>&nbsp;that is generally applicable to both laminar and turbulent flows in prismatic channels of arbitrary cross‐sectional geometry. For laminar sheet flow, the new expression for&nbsp;</span><span>\uD835\uDC39<sub>\uD835\uDC60</sub></span><span>&nbsp;obtained from the second approach yields&nbsp;</span><span>\uD835\uDC39<sub>\uD835\uDC60</sub>≃0.527</span><span>, which agrees with that obtained from the first approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:7(816)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1993, Unique laminar-flow stability limit based shallow-water theory: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 119, no. 7, p. 816-829, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:7(816).","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"816","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc86e4b08c986b328c9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018044,"text":"70018044 - 1993 - Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:54:39","indexId":"70018044","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951-1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Dugan, J.T., 1993, Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 939-948, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x.","startPage":"939","endPage":"948","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267685,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x"},{"id":228743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe6e4b08c986b3191e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20932,"text":"ofr93479 - 1993 - Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T19:49:41.610465","indexId":"ofr93479","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-479","title":"Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93479","usgsCitation":"Slack, L.J., Oakley, W.T., and Cooper, L.M., 1993, Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-479, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93479.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415103,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12753.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50523,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0479/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.875,\n              30.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.875,\n              30.306\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.375,\n              30.306\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.375,\n              30.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.875,\n              30.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654b1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, L. J.","contributorId":44157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, L. M.","contributorId":75529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182706,"text":"70182706 - 1993 - Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:59:40","indexId":"70182706","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony","docAbstract":"<p><span>Breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes </span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span> survived at a mean annual rate of 0.926 in four years at a colony in Alaska. Survival rates observed in sexed males (0.930) and females (0.937) did not differ significantly. The rate of return among nonbreeding Kittiwakes (0.839) was lower than that of known breeders, presumably because more nonbreeders moved away from the study plots where they were marked. Individual nonbreeders frequented sites up to 5 km apart on the same island, while a few established breeders moved up to 2.5 km between years. Mate retention in breeding Kittiwakes averaged 69% in three years. Among pairs that split, the cause of changing mates was about equally divided between death (46%) and divorce (54%). Average adult life expectancy was estimated at 13.0 years. Combined with annual productivity averaging 0.17 chick per nest, the observed survival was insufficient for maintaining population size. Rather, an irregular decline observed in the study colony since 1981 is consistent with the model of a closed population with little or no recruitment. Compared to their Atlantic counterparts, Pacific Kittiwakes have low productivity and high survival. The question arises whether differences reflect phenotypic plasticity or genetically determined variation in population parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Roberts, B.D., and Fadely, B.S., 1993, Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony: Ibis, v. 135, no. 3, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25720977783203,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25720977783203,\n              59.485716839798464\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.485716839798464\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b2a5a1e4b01ccd54fca167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fadely, Brian S.","contributorId":184042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fadely","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018045,"text":"70018045 - 1993 - Economics of utilization of high sulfur coal resources - an integrated market approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70018045","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economics of utilization of high sulfur coal resources - an integrated market approach","docAbstract":"Before the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, coal policies - especially coal research policies - were geared to find a solution to the sulfur emission problem. However, technologies to reduce sulfur emissions cannot be tailored for a single coal. A technology that will clean Illinois coal to compliance levels will do the same, or nearly the same, for most other types of coal. This paper will discuss an integrated approach to the analysis of the future of coals from different regions in the United States and its implications for coal-related policies by government and industry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Bhagwat, S., 1993, Economics of utilization of high sulfur coal resources - an integrated market approach: Mining Engineering, v. 45, no. 11, p. 1406-1408.","startPage":"1406","endPage":"1408","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0592e4b0c8380cd50e54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhagwat, S.B.","contributorId":58025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhagwat","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017831,"text":"70017831 - 1993 - Epiguruk: A late Quaternary environmental record from northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:22:56.827933","indexId":"70017831","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epiguruk: A late Quaternary environmental record from northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Epiguruk, a prominent bluff along the Kobuk River in northwestern Alaska, exposes a rich depositional record of Quaternary eolian and fluvial sand, with associated loess, paleosols, and periglacial features. Three major complexes of alluvial and eolian deposits are separated by two conspicuous organic-rich paleosols which formed during cool-moist interstadial intervals. Sediments between the two paleosols include eolian, channel, and flood-plain deposits that formed during alluviation of the Kobuk River to a height of about 12 m above the present level. The youngest depositional complex, which overlies the upper paleosol, is divisible into late Wisconsinan and Holocene components and into fluvial-channel, flood-plain, eolian-dune, sand-sheet, loess, and pond facies. Eolian sand from the active Kobuk sand sea overloaded the river during late Wisconsinan time, causing it to alluviate to about 13 m above its modern level. The Holocene record reflects erosion and deposition by a small southern tributary to the Kobuk River, downcutting by the Kobuk River toward its modern level, and subsequent erosion across a meander belt nearly 8 km wide.</p><div id=\"15007965\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sixty-six radiocarbon ages, many from rooted shrubs, provide a firm chronology for the past 35 k.y. at Epiguruk. The Kobuk River incised to near its present level by about 35 ka, and the upper paleosol began forming near that level about 33 ka, coincident with the Fox termal event of central Alaska. Although higher-standing sandy facies of this paleosol began forming earlier, thick peat beds did not accumulate until about 33 ka at those sites. Late Wisconsinan loess influx and alluviation began about 24 ka, synchronous with the Itkillik II glaciation of the Brooks Range. The river overlapped progressively higher surfaces of the upper paleosol, attaining its maximum height of about 13 m above modern river level between 20 and 19 ka. It downcut about 18.5 ka and subsequently migrated northward. Deposits at the north end of the bluff show that the river had begun building its modern flood plain by 8.6 ka, and it has varied little in elevation since that time.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0583:EALQER>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., and Ashley, G., 1993, Epiguruk: A late Quaternary environmental record from northwestern Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 5, p. 583-602, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0583:EALQER>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"105","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0ae4b0c8380cd5217d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, G.M.","contributorId":99313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186779,"text":"70186779 - 1993 - Geochemical and analytical implications of extensive sulfur retention in ash from Indonesian peats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T17:48:17","indexId":"70186779","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and analytical implications of extensive sulfur retention in ash from Indonesian peats","docAbstract":"<h4 id=\"article-title-1\">Sulfur is an analyte of considerable importance to the complete major element analysis of ash from low-sulfur, low-ash Indonesian peats. Most analytical schemes for major element peat- and coal-ash analyses, including the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method used in this work, do not permit measurement of sulfur in the ash. As a result, oxide totals cannot be used as a check on accuracy of analysis. Alternative quality control checks verify the accuracy of the cation analyses. Cation and sulfur correlations with percent ash yield suggest that silicon and titanium, and to a lesser extent, aluminum, generally originate as minerals, whereas magnesium and sulfur generally originate from organic matter. Cation correlations with oxide totals indicate that, for these Indonesian peats, magnesium dominates sulfur fixation during ashing because it is considerably more abundant in the ash than calcium, the next most important cation in sulfur fixation.</h4>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE286-p97","usgsCitation":"Kane, J.S., and Neuzil, S.G., 1993, Geochemical and analytical implications of extensive sulfur retention in ash from Indonesian peats: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 286, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE286-p97.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ec9a32e4b0b4d95d335282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Jean S.","contributorId":22359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, Sandra G. 0000-0002-2097-9100 sneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9100","contributorId":572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Sandra","email":"sneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":690560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187456,"text":"70187456 - 1993 - Isotopic indicators of climate in ice cores, Wind River Range, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T18:12:28","indexId":"70187456","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotopic indicators of climate in ice cores, Wind River Range, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate change in continental isotopic records","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Michel, R.L., and Miller, K.A., 1993, Isotopic indicators of climate in ice cores, Wind River Range, Wyoming, chap. <i>of</i> Climate change in continental isotopic records, p. 55-66.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/GM078p0055/summary"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4ce4b0fc4e4492abb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, K. A.","contributorId":81848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018046,"text":"70018046 - 1993 - A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:17:57","indexId":"70018046","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences","docAbstract":"We have developed a program for performing Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery histories. A synthetic parent population of fields is generated as a finite sample from a distribution of specified form. The discovery sequence then is simulated by sampling without replacement from this parent population in accordance with a probabilistic discovery process model. The program computes a chi-squared deviation between synthetic and actual discovery sequences as a function of the parameters of the discovery process model, the number of fields in the parent population, and the distributional parameters of the parent population. The program employs the three-parameter log gamma model for the distribution of field sizes and employs a two-parameter discovery process model, allowing the simulation of a wide range of scenarios. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bohling, G.C., and Davis, J., 1993, A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences: Computers & Geosciences, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1529-1543, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266166,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E"},{"id":228788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e1e4b0c8380cd4628f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187584,"text":"70187584 - 1993 - The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:45:40","indexId":"70187584","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect","docAbstract":"<p><span>A vegetation index and radiative surface temperature were derived from NOAA-11 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for the Seattle, WA region from 28 June through 4 July 1991. The vegetation index and surface temperature values were computed for locations of weather observation stations within the region and compared to observed minimum air temperatures. These comparisons were used to evaluate the use of AVHRR data to assess the influence of the urban environment on observed minimum air temperatures (the urban heat island effect). AVHRR derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and radiant surface temperature data from a one week composite product were both related significantly to observed minimum temperatures, however, the vegetation index accounted for a greater amount of the spatial variation observed in mean minimum temperatures. The difference in the NDVI between urban and rural regions appears to be an indicator of the difference in surface properties (i.e., evaporation and heat storage capacity) between the two environments that are responsible for differences in urban and rural minimum temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169308954031","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., McNab, A.L., Karl, T.R., Brown, J.F., Hood, J.J., and Tarpley, J., 1993, The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 14, no. 11, p. 2223-2230, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169308954031.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2223","endPage":"2230","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53de4b0e541a03d4549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNab, A. L.","contributorId":191898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNab","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Thomas R.","contributorId":191899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karl","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, J. J.","contributorId":191900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarpley, J.D.","contributorId":57373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarpley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70186673,"text":"70186673 - 1993 - Re­gional geology of the Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma; an overview of relevance to horizontal drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T09:29:52","indexId":"70186673","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Re­gional geology of the Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma; an overview of relevance to horizontal drilling","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum-reservoir geology in the southern Midcontinent","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hester, T., and Schmoker, J., 1993, Re­gional geology of the Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma; an overview of relevance to horizontal drilling, 8 p. .","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, T.C.","contributorId":93054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194971,"text":"70194971 - 1993 - Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T17:08:22","indexId":"70194971","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"57","title":"Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery","docAbstract":"<p>It is common for land managers and administrators involved in wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) management to assume that human development within wolf habitat is a hindrance to wolf recovery. Thus, researchers are often asked questions like We are planning to build a new dock and parking area on Wolf Lake; how will that affect wolf recovery? This kind of question pervades national forest and national park plans and has been pondered with regularity by both federal and state resource managers.</p><p>Meanwhile, wolves have been extending their ranges into regions of much greater human development. The apparent contradiction has created both confusion and misdirected effort.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 1993, Updating our thinking on the role of human activity in wolf recovery: Research Information Bulletin 57, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a72e3eae4b0a9a2e9e08ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}