{"pageNumber":"4167","pageRowStart":"104150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":28739,"text":"wri914175 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and Migration of Septic-Tank Effluent in the Surficial Aquifer System in the Northern Midlands Area, Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T14:56:41.022893","indexId":"wri914175","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4175","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology and Migration of Septic-Tank Effluent in the Surficial Aquifer System in the Northern Midlands Area, Palm Beach County, Florida","title":"Hydrogeology and Migration of Septic-Tank Effluent in the Surficial Aquifer System in the Northern Midlands Area, Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"The northern Midlands area in Palm Beach County is an area of expected residential growth, but its flat topography, poor drainage, and near-surface marl layers retard rainfall infiltration and cause frequent flooding. Public water supplies and sewer services are not planned for the area, thus, residents must rely on domestic wells and septic tanks. The water table in the northern Midlands area is seldom more than 5 feet below land surface, and regional ground-water flows are east, southwest, and south from the north-central part of the area where ground-water levels are highest. Ground-water quality in the western part of the area and in the Loxahatchee Slough is greatly influenced by residual seawater emplaced during the Pleistocene Epoch. Chloride and dissolved-solids concentrations of ground water in the surficial aquifer system in these areas often exceed secondary drinking-water standards. Residual seawater has been more effectively flushed from the more permeable sediments elsewhere in the eastern and southwestern parts of the study area. Test at three septic-tank sites showed traces of effluent in ground water (38-92 feet from the septic tank outlets) and that near-surface marl layers greatly impede the downward migration of the effluent in the surficial aquifer system throughout the northern midlands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Palm Beach County","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.L., 1992, Hydrogeology and Migration of Septic-Tank Effluent in the Surficial Aquifer System in the Northern Midlands Area, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4175, v, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914175.","productDescription":"v, 69 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57591,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4175/wri914175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4175/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.41666666666667,26.666666666666668 ], [ -80.41666666666667,27 ], [ -80,27 ], [ -80,26.666666666666668 ], [ -80.41666666666667,26.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62786e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Wesley L.","contributorId":91859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27778,"text":"wri914135 - 1992 - Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T14:57:32.301863","indexId":"wri914135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4135","title":"Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Four test fields in the south Dade agricultural area were studied to determine the effects of sludge application on ground-water quality. Two fields had been cultivated for 10 years or more, and two had not been farmed for at least 10 years. The fields were representative of the area's two soil types (Rockdale and Perrine marl) and two major crop types (row crops and groves). Before the application of sludge, wells upgradient of, within, and downgradient of each field were sampled for possible sludge contaminants at the end of wet and dry seasons. Municipal wastewater treatment sludge from the Dade County Water and Sewe Authority Department was then applied to the fields at varying application rates. The wells at each field were sampled over a 2-year period under different hydrologic conditions for possible sludge-related constituents (specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, chloride, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and sodium). Comparisons were made between water quality in the vicinity of the test fields and Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations, an between water quality upgradient of, beneath, and downgradient of the fields. Comparisons between presludge and postsludge water quality did not indicate any improvement because of retention of agrichemicals by the sludge nor did they indicate any deterioration because of leaching from the sludge. Comparisons of water quality upgradient of the fields to water quality beneath and downgradient of the fields also did not indicate any changes related to sludge. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations wer exceeded at the Rockdale maximum-application field by mercury (9.5 ug/L (micrograms per liter)), and the Perrine marl maximum-application field by manganese (60 ug/L) and lead (85 ug/L), and at the Perrine marl row-crop field by mercury (5.2 ug/L). All other exceedances were either in presludge or upgradient samples, or they were for constituents or properties, such as iron and color, which typically exceed standards in native ground water. Acid-extractable and base-neutral compounds, volatile organic compounds, chlorophenoxy herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, and organochlorine compounds were analyzed for one shallow well at each field twice annually. Those compounds that equaled or exceeded the detection limit after sludge was applied included benzene (0.3 and 1.2 ug/L), chloroform (0.2 and 0.3 ug/L), bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (29 and 42 ug/L), methylene chloride (14 ug/L), tolulene (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 1.3, and 4.4 ug/L), 1, 1,1-trichloroethana (0.6 ug/L), trichloroethylene (0.3 ug/L), 2.4-D (0.01 ug/L), and xylene (0.3 ug/L). It ws not possible to ascertain the origin of these compounds because they are available from sources other than sludge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dade Soil and Water Conservation District, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, and the Dade County Water and Sewer Authority Department","usgsCitation":"Howie, B., 1992, Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4135, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914135.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56621,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/wri914135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howie, Barbara","contributorId":54248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54659,"text":"wdrMDDE921 - 1992 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:40:46.994517","indexId":"wdrMDDE921","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-92-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-water data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE921","usgsCitation":"James, R., Simmons, R., Strain, B., and Hornlein, J., 1992, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smigaj, M.J.","contributorId":17682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smigaj","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208304,"text":"70208304 - 1992 - Food preferences of spring-migrating blue-winged teal in southwestern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T18:19:57","indexId":"70208304","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-03T12:58:20","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food preferences of spring-migrating blue-winged teal in southwestern Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied effects of pair status, molt intensity, and year on food selection by migrating male blue-winged teal (Anas discors) in southwestern Louisiana during springs 1990 and 1991. Diets consisted primarily of animal foods; but plant material, consisting mostly of seeds, comprised as much as 44%. There was no difference in animal food consumption by paired and unpaired males; however, the proportion of animal material in the male diet was greater in 1990 than in 1991. Animal food consumption was not positively correlated with mean molt intensity. Food preferences of paired and unpaired males were similar in both years. Animal foods, especially benthos and organisms associated with vegetative substrates, were preferred to seeds and freeswimming invertebrates. We recommend that habitat management for spring-migrating blue-winged teal focus on production of invertebrates, especially long-lived forms such as dragonflies, hemipterans (except water boatmen), midges, and other dipterans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SEAFWA","usgsCitation":"Manley, S.W., Hohman, W., Moore, J., and Richard, D., 1992, Food preferences of spring-migrating blue-winged teal in southwestern Louisiana: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, p. 46-56.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":371962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=25072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              29.430029404571762\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              29.430029404571762\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              31.22219703210317\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              31.22219703210317\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              29.430029404571762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, Scott W.","contributorId":111335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hohman, W.L.","contributorId":82638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohman","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, J.L.","contributorId":29100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richard, David","contributorId":222208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richard","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207807,"text":"70207807 - 1992 - Chapter 4: Cretaceous thrusting and Neogene block rotation in the northern Portneuf Range region, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T15:04:24.256565","indexId":"70207807","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-14T12:47:23","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 4: Cretaceous thrusting and Neogene block rotation in the northern Portneuf Range region, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Putnam thrust has long been recognized as an important Mesozoic structure in the northern Portneuf Range, southeastern Idaho. At most localities, the thrust places Ordovician rocks above Permian and Pennsylvanian rocks, although near its southeastern extent, it ramps laterally downsection to the southeast. At its southeasternmost exposures, Cambrian rocks are juxtaposed above Mississippian rocks. New work indicates that the hanging wall of the Putnam thrust contains three imbricate thrust slices or subplates, which are, from structurally lowest to highest (and generally from north to south), the Lone Pine subplate, the Narrows subplate, and the Bear Canyon-Toponce subplate.</p><p>The steeply south-dipping, east-trending Narrows thrust overlies the Lone Pine subplate, underlies the Narrows subplate, and is a lateral ramp that merges eastward into the Putnam thrust. Where exposed, the Narrows thrust places Late Proterozoic quartzite of the Brigham Group over Ordovician and Cambrian rocks. The Bear Canyon thrust overlies the Narrows subplate and underlies the Bear Canyon-Toponce subplate, dips eastward along the west side of the Portneuf Range, and places lower Brigham Group quartzite above Cambrian limestone and Cambrian and Late Proterozoic upper Brigham Group quartzite and argillite. At its northern extent, the Bear Canyon thrust curves to the east, where it merges with the Putnam thrust. On the east side of the range, the intensely folded Toponce thrust places upper Brigham Group quartzite above Ordovician rocks; the Toponce is believed to be an eastward extension of the Bear Canyon thrust.</p><p>East-dipping rocks within the Lone Pine subplate were not strongly deformed during Cretaceous thrusting, in contrast to rocks within the Narrows subplate, where east-vergent recumbent folds, cleavage directions that fan about northerly strikes, and tectonic thickening and thinning of beds indicate intense, thrust-parallel shear. The deformation and thrust geometry within the Narrows subplate suggest that the Narrows subplate actually consists of several horses within a foreland-dipping duplex.</p><p>Late Miocene and younger basin deposits occur in north-trending valleys adjacent t o the northern Portneuf Range and, to the west, the Bannock and Pocatello ranges. At most places, the Neogene deposits dip to the east by as much as 35°, indicating that late Miocene and younger extension and down-to-the-east rotation occurred along mostly west-dipping listric faults that are inferred to merge on at least one regional detachment. Although range-bounding faults account for a large component of extension and rotation, an additional large component was contributed by numerous, relatively small-displacement normal faults within mountain ranges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM179-p95","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K.S., 1992, Chapter 4: Cretaceous thrusting and Neogene block rotation in the northern Portneuf Range region, southeastern Idaho: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 179, p. 95-113, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM179-p95.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"113","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              42.309815415686664\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6650390625,\n              42.309815415686664\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6650390625,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              42.309815415686664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"179","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211062,"text":"70211062 - 1992 - A theoretical model for the flux of radon from rock to ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T14:53:48.388553","indexId":"70211062","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-01T09:51:36","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A theoretical model for the flux of radon from rock to ground water","docAbstract":"<p>A model is derived to predict the abundance of <sup>222</sup>Rn in ground water in contact with a rock of known uranium content. The model assumes that secular equilibrium is attained in the rock-water system as a whole, but is independent of any microscopic geometric properties of the system. The key variables in the model are bulk properties such as porosity, uranium content of the rock, emanating efficiency, and rock density, all of which are measurable. Thus, the model is simplified by the averaging effects of a macroscopic view of the system. Although less rigorous than other models presented in the literature, it is more generally applicable to natural systems because it does not rely on microscopic properties of the system, which are impossible to quantify. Application of the model to crystalline aquifers in the eastern United States shows that bulk emanation rates of radon are generally less than about 30%. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE271-p73","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Lawrence, E.P., and Gundersen, L.C., 1992, A theoretical model for the flux of radon from rock to ground water: GSA Special Papers, v. 271, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE271-p73.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Errol P.","contributorId":228974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Errol","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gundersen, Linda C. lgundersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"Linda","email":"lgundersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204678,"text":"70204678 - 1992 - American swallow-tail kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T13:32:53","indexId":"70204678","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T12:35:47","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5849,"text":"Louisiana Conservationist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American swallow-tail kite","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Wildlife & Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., and Norling, W., 1992, American swallow-tail kite: Louisiana Conservationist, v. 44, no. 2, p. 29-30.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://laconservationist.wlf.la.gov/past-issues/"}],"country":"United States","volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.","contributorId":92632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norling, Wayne","contributorId":69877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norling","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70204803,"text":"70204803 - 1992 - Knowledge-based GIS: An expert system approach for managing wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T15:30:41","indexId":"70204803","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T15:01:17","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1741,"text":"Geo Info Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Knowledge-based GIS: An expert system approach for managing wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Advanstar Communications","usgsCitation":"Ji, W., Johnston, J.B., McNiff, M., and Mitchell, L.C., 1992, Knowledge-based GIS: An expert system approach for managing wetlands: Geo Info Systems, v. 10, p. 60-64.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Wei","contributorId":218024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNiff, Marcia 0000-0003-0709-6992 mmcniff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-6992","contributorId":4025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNiff","given":"Marcia","email":"mmcniff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Loyd C.","contributorId":218170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186970,"text":"70186970 - 1992 - Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T14:06:53","indexId":"70186970","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data","docAbstract":"<p>Large area assessment of vegetation conditions is a major requirement for understanding the impact of weather on food, fiber, and forage production. The distribution of vegetation is largely associated with climate, terrain characteristics, and human activity. The interpretation of vegetation dynamics from satellite data can be improved by stratifying the land surface into ecoregions. The Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, has developed a system for mapping major land resource areas (MLRA) that groups land areas in the United States on the basis of climate, physiography, land use, and land cover characteristics.</p><p>In 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey used National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather satellite data to conduct a biweekly assessment of vegetation conditions in 17 western states. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data were acquired daily, and were geographically registered, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed for the Western United States during the 1989 growing season. Fifteen biweekly NDVI data sets were used to evaluate MLRA's as an appropriate stratification for monitoring and interpreting vegetation conditions in the study area.</p><p>The results demonstrate the feasibility of using MLRA's to stratify areas for monitoring phenological development and vegetation condition assessment within the growing season. Assessments of the NDVI at biweekly intervals are adequate for monitoring seasonal growth patterns on MLRA's where rangelands, forests, or cultivated agriculture are the primary resource type. Descriptive statistics are indicators of the uniformity or diversity of land use and land cover within an MLRA. Growing season profiles of the NDVI are characterized by the seasonal effects of climate on various land use and land cover classes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049209354352","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., and Haas, R.H., 1992, Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data: Geocarto International, v. 7, no. 1, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049209354352.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d445e4b0f2e20545e43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":691260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180193,"text":"70180193 - 1992 - A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180193,"text":"70180193 - 1992 - A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","indexId":"70180193","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"b1999","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"b1999","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:02:59","indexId":"70180193","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The White River Ash (Lerbekmo and others, 1968), product of two of the most voluminous pyroclastic eruptions in North America in the past 2,000 yr, blankets much of the Yukon Terrtory, Canada, and a small part of adjoining eastern Alaska. Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) narrowed the source of the ash to an area northeast of the Mt. Bona-Mt. Churchill massif in the St. Elias Mountains of southern Alaska. Based on indirect evidence, Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) further suggested that the vent was beneath the Klutlan Glacier, adjacent to a mound of coarse pumice, 16 km northeast of Mt. Bona. Recently discovered pumice and ash deposits and a possible vent structure near the summit of Mt. Churchill suggest an alternate source area. The White River Ash is a bilobate plinian fallout deposit covering more than 340,000 km<sup>2</sup> and containing an estimated 25-50 km<sup>3</sup> of tephra (Bostock, 1952; Berger, 1960; fig. 1). Radiocarbon ages indicate that the northern lobe was deposited about 1,887 yr B.P. and the eastern, and larger, lobe about 1,250 yr B.P. (Lerbekmo and others, 1975). The axes of the two lobes converge near Mt. Bona (16,420 ft (5,005 m)) and Mt. Churchill [15,638 ft (4,766 m)], which together form a prominent massif in the St. Elias Mountains. The Klutlan Glacier, a large valley glacier that flows eastward into Canada, has its principal source on the eastern flank of the massif.&nbsp;</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990 (Bulletin 1999)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180193","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, R.G., Richter, D.H., DuBois, G.D., and Miller, T.P., 1992, A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1999, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180193.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1999/report.pdf#page=220","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"White River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7bee4b0ba3b075e062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179661,"text":"70179661 - 1992 - Tracing watershed weathering reactions with 13C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:36:34","indexId":"70179661","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tracing watershed weathering reactions with 13C","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7","conferenceDate":"July 13-18, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT","language":"English","publisher":"A.A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., Mast, M., and Rice, K.C., 1992, Tracing watershed weathering reactions with 13C, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7, Park City, UT, July 13-18, 1992, p. 569-572.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"572","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":333065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a4b7e4b04df303d95873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179380,"text":"70179380 - 1992 - Toxicity of trace element and salinity mixtures to striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>) and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:44:47","indexId":"70179380","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of trace element and salinity mixtures to striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>) and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Acute toxicity tests with reconstituted water were conducted to investigate the relationship between water hardness, salinity, and a mixture of trace elements found in irrigation drain waters entering Stillwater Wildlife Management Area (SWMA), near Fallon, Nevada. The SWMA has been the site of many fish kills in recent years, and previous toxicity studies indicated that one drain water, Pintail Bay, was acutely toxic to organisms acclimated or cultured in fresh water or salt water. This toxicity could reflect both the ionic composition of this saline water and the presence of trace elements. The lowest water salinity tested with<i> Daphnia magna</i> was near the upper salinity tolerance of these organisms; therefore, we were unable to differentiate between the toxic effects of ion composition and those of trace elements. In toxicity tests conducted with striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>), we found that the extent to which salinity was lethal to striped bass depended on the ion composition of that salinity. Survival of striped bass increased as hardness increased. In addition, a trace element mixture was toxic to striped bass, even though the concentrations of individual elements were below expected acutely lethal concentrations. Although salinity is an important water quality characteristic, the ionic composition of the water must be considered when one assesses the hazard of irrigation drain waters to aquatic organisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620110409","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, F., Burch, S., Ingersoll, C., and Hunn, J.B., 1992, Toxicity of trace element and salinity mixtures to striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>) and <i>Daphnia magna</i>: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 11, no. 4, p. 513-520, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620110409.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Wildlife Management Area ","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ee4b0cd2dabe7c4ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burch, S.A.","contributorId":177775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunn, J. B.","contributorId":15133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunn","given":"J.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179971,"text":"70179971 - 1992 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:16:45","indexId":"70179971","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992","docAbstract":"<p>This is the twenty-ninth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, related changes in precipitation and streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Supplementary data, such as maps showing water-level contours, are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1991. Water-level fluctuations and selected related data, however, are described from the spring of 1987 to the spring of 1992. Most of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights and Division of Water Resources, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Batty, D., Herbert, L.R., Sory, J., Hanson, K.M., Eads, J.P., Smith, G.J., Danner, M., Drumiler, M., Garrett, R., Gerner, S., Slaugh, B., Swenson, R., Howells, J., Christiansen, H., and Thomas, B., 1992, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992: Cooperative Investigations Report 32, ix, 91 p.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-173"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d0023163781c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batty, D.M.","contributorId":178513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batty","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sory, J.D.","contributorId":178510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sory","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Karen M. khanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Karen","email":"khanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eads, James P.","contributorId":178506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drumiler, M.M.","contributorId":178512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drumiler","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gerner, S.J.","contributorId":16083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Slaugh, B.A.","contributorId":178515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaugh","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Howells, J.H.","contributorId":178516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70179418,"text":"70179418 - 1992 - Toxicity of agricultural subsurface drainwater from the San Joaquin Valley, California to juvenile chinook salmon and striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:40:55","indexId":"70179418","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of agricultural subsurface drainwater from the San Joaquin Valley, California to juvenile chinook salmon and striped bass","docAbstract":"<p><span>Juvenile chinook salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span> (40-50 mm total length, TL) and striped bass </span><i>Morone saxatilis</i><span> (30-40 mm TL) were exposed to serial dilutions (100, 50, 25, and 12.5%) of agricultural subsurface drainwater (WWD), reconstituted drainwater (RWWD), and reconstituted seawater (IO). Agricultural subsurface drainwater contained naturally elevated concentrations of major ions (such as sodium and sulfate) and trace elements (especially boron and selenium), RWWD contained concentrations of major ions that mimicked those in WWD but trace elements were not elevated, and IO contained concentrations of total dissolved salt that were similar to those in WWD and RWWD but chloride replaced sulfate as the dominant anion. After 28 d of static exposure, over 75% of the chinook salmon in 100% WWD had died, whereas none had died in other dilutions and water types. Growth of chinook salmon in WWD and RWWD, but not in IO, exhibited dilution responses. All striped bass died in 100% WWD within 23 d, whereas 19 of 20 striped bass had died in 100% RWWD after 28 d. In contrast, none died in 100% IO. Growth of striped bass was impaired only in WWD. Fish in WWD accumulated as much as 200 μg/g (dry-weight basis) of boron, whereas fish in control water accumulated less than 3.1 μg/g. Although potentially toxic concentrations of selenium occurred in WWD (geometric means, 158-218 μg/L), chinook salmon and striped bass exposed to this water type accumulated 5.7 μg Se/g or less. These findings indicate that WWD was toxic to chinook salmon and striped bass. Judging from available data, the toxicity of WWD was due primarily to high concentrations of major ions present in atypical ratios, to high concentrations of sulfate, or to both. High concentrations of boron and selenium also may have contributed to the toxicity of WWD, but their effects were not clearly delineated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0078:TOASDF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Jennings, M.R., and Wiedmeyer, R.H., 1992, Toxicity of agricultural subsurface drainwater from the San Joaquin Valley, California to juvenile chinook salmon and striped bass: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 121, no. 1, p. 78-93, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0078:TOASDF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5868d226e4b0cd2dabe7c80b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Mark R.","contributorId":31345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiedmeyer, Raymond H.","contributorId":176717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiedmeyer","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179099,"text":"70179099 - 1992 - Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:06:33","indexId":"70179099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"104","title":"Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\">A seepage study was made during 1989 on selected reaches of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals in Wasatch County, Utah, to determine gains or losses in discharge. Fluctuations in discharge were adjusted using information from water-stage recorders operated at selected locations during each set· of measurements. The investigation showed a net loss of about 14.9 cubic feet per second in the Timpanogos Canal: the upstream reach gained about 2.0 cubic feet per second, the two middle reaches together lost about 14.1 cubic feet per second, and the downstream reach lost about 2.8 cubic feet per second. The Wasatch Canal showed a net loss of about 8.2 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach lost about 3.7 cubic feet per second, the middle reach showed no gain or loss, and the downstream reach lost about 4.5 cubic feet per second. The Sagebrush and Spring Creek Canal showed a net loss of about 0.5 cubic foot per second: the upstream reach gained about 0.6 cubic foot per second, the middle reach showed no gain or loss, and the downstream reach lost about 1.1 cubic feet per second. The Upper Charleston Canal showed a net gain of about 4.0 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach gained about 5.0 cubic feet per second, and the down-stream reach lost about 1.0 cubic foot per second. The Lower Charleston Canal showed a net gain of about 1.8 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach gained about 2.2 cubic feet per second, and the downstream reach lost about 0.4 cubic foot per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., Burden, C.B., and Thomas, B., 1992, Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.: Technical Publication 104, iv, 44 p.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-530"},{"id":332199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y920000b.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wasatch County","otherGeospatial":"Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4,\n              40.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b8de4b02bdf681568d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179100,"text":"70179100 - 1992 - Seepage study of the Bear River including Cutler Reservoir in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:00:15","indexId":"70179100","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"105","title":"Seepage study of the Bear River including Cutler Reservoir in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>A study was made during 1990 on selected reaches of the Bear River including Cutler Reservoir in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho, to detem1ine gains or losses of flow from seepage in those reaches. The study showed a net gain of 23.5 cubic feet per second in the Riverdale, Idaho, to Smithfield, Utah, section of the Bear River. The upstream reach of this section of the river had a gain of 13.7 cubic feet per second, the middle reach had a gain of 2.1 cubic feet per second, and the downstream reach had a gain of 7.7 cubic feet per second. The Cutler Reservoir section of the Bear River (Smithfield to Wheelan, Utah) had a net gain of 79.0 cubic feet per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., and Thomas, B., 1992, Seepage study of the Bear River including Cutler Reservoir in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho: Technical Publication 105, iv, 18.","productDescription":"iv, 18","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-540"},{"id":332202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000ai.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"daho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear River, Cache Valley, Cutler Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.181396484375,\n              41.41801503608024\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.181396484375,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.719970703125,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.719970703125,\n              41.41801503608024\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.181396484375,\n              41.41801503608024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b8de4b02bdf681568d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179248,"text":"70179248 - 1992 - Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-22T14:42:11","indexId":"70179248","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments","docAbstract":"<p>A method is given for the recovery, cleanup, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have been sequestered in SPMDs (semipermeable membrane devices). SPMDs are polymeric membranes enclosing lipids, and mimic the bioconcentration process of aquatic animals. SPMDs are used as passive, in situ monitors of contamination by organic pollutants of aquatic environments. The method reported here includes dialytic recovery of the PAHs, cleanup of the dialysates using size exclusion, adsorption, and argentation chromatographic modules in tandem, then analysis by gas chromatography with photoionization or mass spectrometric detection. The method is demonstrated to overcome the presence of a variety of environmental co-contaminants and other potential interferents in the dialysates. A field application is also demonstrated in which SPMDs are used to monitor PAH contamination in an urban creek. Approaches to the use of SPMD data to calculate aqueous concentrations of PAHs are discussed. The use of SPMDs in combination with the complementary, PAH-specific cleanup procedure provides a unique approach to the analysis of PAH residues in the aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(92)90432-Q","usgsCitation":"Lebo, J.A., Zajicek, J.L., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., and Peterman, P.H., 1992, Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments: Chemosphere, v. 25, no. 5, p. 697-718, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90432-Q.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf502e4b01224f329bce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebo, Jon A.","contributorId":176696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebo","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176563,"text":"70176563 - 1992 - Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:20:37","indexId":"70176563","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1992 American Water Resources Association Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Water Resources Association Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"April 9-10, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., 1992, Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, <i>in</i> 1992 American Water Resources Association Annual Conference, Fairbanks, AK, April 9-10, 1992, p. 87-88.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Aleutian Range, at the head of the Chigmit Mountains subrange in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.568077898122155\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.49298095703125,\n              60.568077898122155\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.49298095703125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57feb5d7e4b0824b2d155132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176455,"text":"70176455 - 1992 - Sonar monitoring of gravel-transport processes at a stream-gaging station in a disturbed watershed [abs.]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T15:07:03","indexId":"70176455","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sonar monitoring of gravel-transport processes at a stream-gaging station in a disturbed watershed [abs.]","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 1992 International Association for Hydrological Sciences Meeting, Erosion and Sediment Transport Monitoring Programs in River Basins, Oslo, Norway","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences Press","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK","collaboration":"Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration and the International Commission on Continental Erosion of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences; co-sponsored by UNESCO, WMO, the Norwegian Geophysical Union, and the Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R., 1992, Sonar monitoring of gravel-transport processes at a stream-gaging station in a disturbed watershed [abs.], chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings 1992 International Association for Hydrological Sciences Meeting, Erosion and Sediment Transport Monitoring Programs in River Basins, Oslo, Norway, p. 71-76.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da74b9e4b090824ffb7e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, R.L.","contributorId":54610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175014,"text":"70175014 - 1992 - Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T15:43:05","indexId":"70175014","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<div id=\"yui_3_14_1_1_1469565259351_755\" class=\"publication-abstract\" data-reactid=\"87\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_14_1_1_1469565259351_754\" class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-l nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-auto\" data-reactid=\"90\">We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a municipal wastewater treatment plant were the largest sources of nutrients to the river during low river flow. The Sutter and Colusa agricultural drains contributed about 70% of the transport of DIN and DRP by the river above Sacramento (about 20% of the total transport by the river) between August 8 and September 26, 1985. Further downstream, the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant discharged DIN and DRP at rates that were roughly 70% of total DIN and DRP transport by the river at that time. Concentrations at Rio Vista on the tidal river below the Sacramento plant and at the head of the estuary were related to the reciprocals of the river flows, indicating the importance of dilution of the Sacramento waste by river flows. During very dry years, elevated DIN and DRP concentrations were observed in Suisun Bay. We used a steady-state, one-dimensional, single-compartment box model of the bay, incorporating terms for advection, exchange, and waste input, to calculate a residual rate for all processes not included in the model. We found that the residual for DIN was related to concentrations of chlorophylla (Chla). The residual for DRP was also related to Chla at high concentrations of Chla, but showed significant losses of DRP at low Chla concentrations. These losses were typically equivalent to about 80% of the wastewater input rate.</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","doi":"10.2307/1352708","usgsCitation":"Hager, S.W., and Schemel, L.E., 1992, Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 15, no. 1, p. 40-52, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352708.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889c3e4b0589fa1c6bb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":643603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157522,"text":"70157522 - 1992 - Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:34:30","indexId":"70157522","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Historical ice records, such as freeze and breakup dates and the total duration of ice cover, can be used as a quantitative indicator of climatic change if long homogeneous records exist and if the records can be calibrated in terms of climatic changes. Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, has the longest uninterrupted ice records available for any lake in North America dating back to 1855. These records extend back prior to any reliable air temperature data in the midwestern region of the U.S. and demonstrate significant warming of approximately 1.5 &deg;C in fall and early winter temperatures and 2.5 &deg;C in winter and spring temperatures during the past 135 years. These changes are not completely monotonie, but rather appear as two shorter periods of climatic change in the longer record. The first change was between 1875 and 1890, when fall, winter, and spring air temperatures increased by approximately 1.5 &deg;C. The second change, earlier ice breakup dates since 1979, was caused by a significant increase in winter and early spring air temperatures of approximately 1.3 &deg;C. This change may be indicative of shifts in regional climatic patterns associated with global warming, possibly associated with the &lsquo;Greenhouse Effect&rsquo;.</p>\n<p class=\"Para\">With the relationships between air temperature and freeze and break up dates, we can project how the ice cover of Lake Mendota should respond to future climatic changes. If warming occurs, the ice cover for Lake Mendota should decrease approximately 11 days per 1 &deg;C increase. With a warming of 4 to 5 &deg;C, years with no ice cover should occur in approximately 1 out of 15 to 30 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00141379","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R., and Magnuson, J., 1992, Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, no. 4, p. 407-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00141379.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.19541527539921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31713104248047,\n              43.19541527539921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31713104248047,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067035e4b058f706e51940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ragotzkie, R.A.","contributorId":67213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragotzkie","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magnuson, John J.","contributorId":72699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnuson","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157526,"text":"70157526 - 1992 - Impacts of variation in planktivorous fish on abundance of daphnids: A simulation model of the Lake Mendota food web: Chapter 20","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:34:45","indexId":"70157526","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impacts of variation in planktivorous fish on abundance of daphnids: A simulation model of the Lake Mendota food web: Chapter 20","docAbstract":"<p>Previous chapters in this volume have outlined the goals of the Lake Mendota food web manipulation study (Rudstam et al., Ch. 12) and have reported on variations in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances during the past 15 years (Lathrop and Carpenter, Ch. 7 and 8). Because of the long time scales inherent in such a lake management manipulation, it became imperative to attempt to predict how the lake would respond to changes in planktivorous fish abundance over time scales of several decades. We know from the past 15 years of study (Lathrop and Carpenter, Ch. 7 and 8; Magnuson and Lathrop, Ch. 11) that substantial variation of planktivorous fish, zooplankton, and phytoplankton abundances can occur the lake. Given the current stocking of piscivores, we have the potential to substantially modify the abundance of planktivorous fish and possibly shift the assemblages of phytoplankton and zooplankton beyond the ranges of those which occurred previously. In this chapter we describe the construction and use of a simulation model designed to examine how variation in plantivore abundance might impact zooplankton biomass and species composition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food Web Managment: A Case Study of Lake Mendota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-4410-3_20","usgsCitation":"Luecke, C., Lunte, C.C., Wright, R.A., Robertson, D.M., and McLain, A.S., 1992, Impacts of variation in planktivorous fish on abundance of daphnids: A simulation model of the Lake Mendota food web: Chapter 20, chap. <i>of</i> Food Web Managment: A Case Study of Lake Mendota, p. 407-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4410-3_20.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.48587417602538,\n              43.06800993754575\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.48587417602538,\n              43.1594880447531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.35935974121094,\n              43.1594880447531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.35935974121094,\n              43.06800993754575\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.48587417602538,\n              43.06800993754575\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067035e4b058f706e5193e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kitchell, James F.","contributorId":18324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Luecke, Chris","contributorId":18651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luecke","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunte, Cynthia C.","contributorId":147953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunte","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Russell A.","contributorId":147954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLain, Ann S.","contributorId":147955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLain","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157530,"text":"70157530 - 1992 - Climatic changes near the Great Lakes inferred from 141 year ice records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:34:55","indexId":"70157530","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Climatic changes near the Great Lakes inferred from 141 year ice records","docAbstract":"<p>Freeze-up and break-up dates and duration of ice cover for lakes and rivers represent an integration of weather conditions prior to the specified event(s). Changes in mean ice conditions may be used as quantitative indicators of climatic changes if long homogenous ice records are accompanied by sufficiently homogenous air temperature records to calibrate the changes in mean ice cover in terms of climatic variables. Historical ice records dating back to 1855 are available for Lake Mendota, WI (located on the southwestern side of Lake Michigan) and back to 1851 for Grand Traverse Bay, MI (located on the northeastern side of Lake Michigan). Changes in the mean ice cover of these two systems were used to describe changes in fall, winter, and spring air temperatures in the area near the Great Lakes during the past 141 years.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"5th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology","conferenceTitle":"5th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology","conferenceDate":"June 22-26, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Environment Canada","usgsCitation":"Assel, R.A., and Robertson, D.M., 1992, Climatic changes near the Great Lakes inferred from 141 year ice records, <i>in</i> 5th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Toronto, Canada, June 22-26, 1992, p. 81-85.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","city":"Grand Traverse, Madison","otherGeospatial":"Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.51557159423828,\n              43.07415452990184\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.51557159423828,\n              43.172133836120246\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3521499633789,\n              43.172133836120246\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3521499633789,\n              43.07415452990184\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.51557159423828,\n              43.07415452990184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.89935302734375,\n              44.713561953216846\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.89935302734375,\n              45.34828480683999\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.20996093749999,\n              45.34828480683999\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.20996093749999,\n              44.713561953216846\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.89935302734375,\n              44.713561953216846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067031e4b058f706e51937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assel, Raymond A.","contributorId":147963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157528,"text":"70157528 - 1992 - The role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T09:27:52","indexId":"70157528","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-05T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury, which is transported globally by atmospheric pathways to remote aquatic environments, is a ubiquitous contaminant at very low (nanograms Hg per liter) aqueous concentrations. Until recently, however, analytical and sampling techniques were not available for freshwater systems to quantify the actual levels of mercury concentrations without introducing significant contamination artifacts. Four different sampling strategies were used to evaluate ground water flow as a mercury source and transport mechanism within aquatic systems. The sampling strategies employ ultraclean techniques to determine mercury concentrations in groundwater and pore water near Pallette Lake, Wisconsin. Ambient groundwater concentrations are about 2&ndash;4 ng Hg L<sup>&minus;1</sup>, whereas pore waters near the sediment/water interface average about 12 ng Hg L<sup>&minus;1</sup>, emphasizing the importance of biogeochemical processes near the interface. Overall, the groundwater system removes about twice as much mercury (1.5 g yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>) as it contributes (0.7 g yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>) to Pallette Lake. About three fourths of the groundwater mercury load is recycled, thought to be derived from the water column.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01766","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C., 1992, The role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 12, p. 3119-3128, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01766.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3119","endPage":"3128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Pallette Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.61522102355957,\n              46.05840216665799\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.61522102355957,\n              46.074659663982324\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.59393501281738,\n              46.074659663982324\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.59393501281738,\n              46.05840216665799\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.61522102355957,\n              46.05840216665799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067040e4b058f706e5196d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}