Avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida) is a major disease of wild waterfowl, but its epizootiology remains little understood. Consequently, we examined whether chemical ions affected survival of avian cholera organisms in water collected from the Nebraska Rainwater Basin where avian cholera is enzootic. We tested the response of P. multocida to ammonium (NH4), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nitrate (NO3), and ortho-phosphate (PO4) ions individually and in combination using a fractional factorial design divided into 4 blocks. High concentrations of Ca and Mg, singly or in combination, increased survival of P. multocida organisms (P < 0.001). We developed a survival index to predict whether or not specific ponds could be \"problem\" or \"nonproblem\" avian cholera sites based on concentrations of these ions in the water.
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\"}}]}","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57fe4b0c8380cd4c26c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, J.I.","contributorId":50852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yandell, B.S.","contributorId":76267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yandell","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, W.P.","contributorId":39633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007047,"text":"70007047 - 1992 - A sediment suspension system for bioassays with small aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T14:26:51","indexId":"70007047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:03:03","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sediment suspension system for bioassays with small aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"Exposure of aquatic organisms to suspended sediments can impair growth and survival and increase bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants. However, evaluation of the effects of suspended sediments and their associated contaminants on aquatic organisms has been hampered by the lack of a practical and inexpensive exposure system for conducting bioassays. We present a cost-effective system for assessing the effects of suspended sediments and associated contaminants on small aquatic organisms. A 7-day suspension test was conducted with nominal sediment concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 g 1−1. The system maintained relatively constant suspended sediment concentrations, as measured by turbidity, and caused minimal mortality to test organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00006156","usgsCitation":"Schmidt-Dallmier, M.J., Atchison, G., Steingraeber, M., and Knights, B., 1992, A sediment suspension system for bioassays with small aquatic organisms: Hydrobiologia, v. 245, no. 3, p. 157-161, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006156.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006156","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"245","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ee4b0c8380cd46d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt-Dallmier, M. J.","contributorId":35175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt-Dallmier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atchison, G.J.","contributorId":59406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atchison","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, M.T.","contributorId":106192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006496,"text":"70006496 - 1992 - The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-19T01:01:58","indexId":"70006496","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:57:41","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2105,"text":"Invertebrate Reproduction and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies","docAbstract":"The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has spread rapidly in temperate fresh waters of North America since its introduction into the Great Lakes in 1985 or 1986. It attaches to hard substrates, forming layers, occluding water intakes, encrusting and killing native mussels, filtering algae in competition with other planktivores, and possibly interfering with fish spawning. It reproduces prolifically, suggesting that an approach to its control may be by controlling its reproduction. Previous literature suggests that spawning in bivalves is regulated by both environmental and internal chemical cues. A suggested sequence is that phytoplankton chemicals initially trigger spawning; chemicals associated with gametes provide a species-specific pheromonal positive feedback for spawning; and the response to environmental chemicals is mediated internally by serotonin (5-HT). The role of 5-HT in zebra mussels is under investigation. Both males and females can be induced to spawn by either injection or external application of 5-HT. The response can also be activated by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin, an agonist at 5-HT1A receptors. HPLC analysis has detected 5-HT as the major biogenic amine in both male and female gonads. 5-HT immunocytochemistry demonstrates nerves containing serotonergic fibers innervating gonads of both males and females, with prominent varicosities surrounding the follicles in both sexes. A role of 5-HT in mediating spawning responses in zebra mussels is thus strongly supported. These studies have shown that reproductive behavior of zebra mussels can be modified by outside chemicals, a property that may be exploited for purposes of control.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invertebrate Reproduction and Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Ram, J.L., Fong, P., Croll, R.P., Nichols, S., and Wall, D., 1992, The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies: Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, v. 22, no. 1-3, p. 77-86, https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"22","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1ece4b08c986b3254b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ram, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":33659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, Peter","contributorId":94149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croll, Roger P.","contributorId":83784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croll","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Susan J.","contributorId":48905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wall, Darcie","contributorId":94909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Darcie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70039453,"text":"70039453 - 1992 - 1993 Fiscal Year Water Resources Division Information Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-05T01:01:57","indexId":"70039453","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:24:41","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"1993 Fiscal Year Water Resources Division Information Guide","docAbstract":"This Guide briefly describes the Water Resources Division's mission, program, and organizational structure, and where and how to obtain specific types of hydrologic information. 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These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ912","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Jones, W., and Pustay, E., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991. Volume 2. 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Also included are data for 67 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 91 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 57 measuring sites and 13 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Moshinsky, E., and Pustay, E., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. 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Overall, tufted puffins consumed (by weight) 41% sandlance (Ammodytes hexapterus), 22% capelin (Mallotus villosus), 19% walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), 13% other fish, and 5% invertebrates, whereas horned puffins took 85% sandlance, 4% capelin, 2% pollock, 8% other fish, and <1 % invertebrates. All of the pollock consumed were young of the year, whereas 4 year-classes of capelin were present, from young of the year through spawning adults. Puffins took mostly first-year sandlance, but fish in their second year or older were also common at colonies near Kodiak, Alaska. The importance of juvenile pollock in the diet of tufted puffins varied geographically from little or no use in the north-central Gulf and Kodiak areas to moderate use (5 to 20%) in the Semidi and Shumagin Islands to heavy use (25 to 75%) in the Sandman Reefs and eastern Aleutians. An estimated 11 billion pollock were consumed by tufted puffins throughout the region in 1986. The proportion of pollock in puffin diets at the Semidi Islands was strongly correlated with independent estimates of cohort strength in 3 years. Puffins may thus provide a useful index of distribution and year class abundance of first-year pollock, a species that currently supports an important commercial fishery in the Gulf of Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps080001","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S., and Sanger, G.A., 1992, Puffins as samplers of juvenile pollock and other forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 80, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9020e4b0c8380cd7fb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott","contributorId":16268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":78,"text":"78 - 1992 - Global Land Information System (GLIS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:16:45","indexId":"78","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:58:20","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Global Land Information System (GLIS)","docAbstract":"The Global Land Information System (GLIS) is an interactive computer system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for scientists seeking sources of information about the Earth's land surfaces. GLIS contains \"metadata,\" that is, descriptive information about data sets. Through GLIS, scientists can evaluate data sets, determine their availability, and place online requests for products. GLIS is more, however, than a mere list of products. It offers online samples of earth science data that may be ordered through the system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/78","collaboration":"National Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Global Land Information System (GLIS): General Information Product, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/78.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260252,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/78/report.pdf"},{"id":260253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/78/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2934e4b0c8380cd5a74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007028,"text":"70007028 - 1992 - An egg injection method for assessing early life stage mortality of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-17T01:01:41","indexId":"70007028","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:46:01","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An egg injection method for assessing early life stage mortality of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"To characterize the risk that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) pose to salmonid early life stage survival, we developed a method to expose rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs to graded doses of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners, using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a prototype. Rainbow trout eggs were injected 24–50 h post-fertilization with 0.2 μl of 50 mM phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes (control) or 0.2 μl of 5–7 graded doses of TCDD incorporated into 50 mM PC liposomes. Injection volume never exceeded 0.6% egg volume. Immediately following injection, the injection site was sealed with Super glue®, resulting in 92–97% of TCDD dose retained by the egg. Following both egg injection and waterborne egg exposure. TCDD toxicity in rainbow trout was manifested by half-hatching mortality but predominantly by sac fry mortality associated with hemorrhages, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema. TCDD LD50s, following injection and waterborne exposure of rainbow trout eggs, were 421 (331–489) and 439 (346–519) pg TCDD/g egg (LD50, 95% fiducial limits), respectively. As in rainbow trout, TCDD toxicity in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) following the same two routes of exposure was manifested by half-hatching mortality but predominantly by sac fry mortality preceded by hemorrhages and yolk sac edema. LD50s, based on the dose of TCDD in lake trout eggs, were 47 (21–65) and 65 (60–71) pg/g following injection and waterborne exposure, respectively. The egg injection method is ideal for assessing the relationship between early life stage mortality in rainbow trout and graded egg doses of individual PCDD, PCDF, or PCB congeners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Walker, M., Hufnagle, L., Clayton, M., and Peterson, R.E., 1992, An egg injection method for assessing early life stage mortality of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 15-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea31e4b0c8380cd486c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, M.K.","contributorId":25637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hufnagle, L.C. Jr.","contributorId":11461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufnagle","given":"L.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, M.K.","contributorId":38365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, R. E.","contributorId":38682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006767,"text":"70006767 - 1992 - Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-25T01:02:00","indexId":"70006767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:38:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","docAbstract":"Recruitment failure is considered to be a major factor contributing to the decline of fish populations in soft, acidic waters; direct mortality of embryo-larval fishes has been postulated as a major cause of the decline. Little is understood of the physiological consequences to embryo-larval fishes of prolonged exposure to soft, acidic waters; however, dysfunction of respiratory and ionoregulatory processes is suspected. In order to evaluate the effects of acid exposure on the respiratory and ionoregulatory systems of developing brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, differences in gill morphology and numbers of chloride cells were compared between groups cf developing embryo-larval fish continuously exposed to moderately hard well water (130.0 mg.l-1 as CaCO3, pH 7.94) or to reconstituted soft, acidic water (4.4 mg.l-1 as CaCO3, pH 5.25) designed to mimic acidic waters of northern Wisconsin acidified lakes. Exposures were maintained for up to 48 days (82 days after fertilization) during critical periods of growth and differentiation of branchial structures. The second right gill arch of each fish was examined for changes in the development of filaments and lamellae and for differences in numbers of chloride cells. Gills of fish that developed in soft, acidic water contained greater numbers of normal and degenerating chloride cells, exhibited hyperplasia of primary epithelium and multiple fusions of adjacent filaments and lamellar epithelium than the gills of control fish. Filament and lamellar lengths and numbers of lamellae per filament were significantly less (P< 0.05) in fish that developed in soft, acidic water than in fish exposed to well water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Conklin, D., Mowbray, R., and Gingerich, W., 1992, Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ace4b0c8380cd51376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conklin, D.J.","contributorId":24216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mowbray, R.C.","contributorId":64084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mowbray","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038773,"text":"70038773 - 1992 - Uranium-series age estimates of corals from Quaternary marine sediments of southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038773","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:04:27","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Uranium-series age estimates of corals from Quaternary marine sediments of southern Florida","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleontology of south Florida: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication, no. 36","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Szabo, B.J., McCartan, L., Maat, P., Bush, C.A., and Halley, R.B., 1992, Uranium-series age estimates of corals from Quaternary marine sediments of southern Florida, chap. of The Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleontology of south Florida: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication, no. 36, p. 41-49.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdeee4b08c986b3292fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Scott, T.","contributorId":101586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allmon, W.","contributorId":113291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allmon","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCartan, L.","contributorId":55153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maat, P.B.","contributorId":57479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039582,"text":"70039582 - 1992 - Map scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"70039582","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Map scales","docAbstract":"To be most useful, a map must show locations and distances accurately on a sheet of paper of convenient size. This means that everything included in the map ground area, distance, rivers, lakes, roads, and so on must be shown proportionately smaller than it really is. The proportion chosen for a particular map is its scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039582","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Map scales: Monograph, 2 p.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/70039582.","productDescription":"2 p.; maps (col.)","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261099,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039582/report.pdf"},{"id":261100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039582/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4d9be4b0c8380cd6a47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038771,"text":"70038771 - 1992 - Aminostratigraphy and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of marine terrace deposits, Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro areas, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038771","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:54:25","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aminostratigraphy and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of marine terrace deposits, Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro areas, Los Angeles County, California","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 48","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Miller, G.H., Whelan, J.F., and Kennedy, G.L., 1992, Aminostratigraphy and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of marine terrace deposits, Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro areas, Los Angeles County, California, chap. of Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 48, p. 363-376.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","city":"San Pedro","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Hills","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9bce4b0c8380cd48406","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508995,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C.","contributorId":49580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, G. L.","contributorId":23944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039580,"text":"70039580 - 1992 - Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:21:11","indexId":"70039580","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:36:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands","docAbstract":"What comes to your mind when you think of outdoor recreation? Boating? Camping? Hiking or backpacking? Horse-back riding? Hunting or fishing? Chances are, if you can name an outdoor activity, you can do it on public lands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039580","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands: General Information Product, 2 Plates: 24 x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039580.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 24 x 17 inches","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261097,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039580/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":261098,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039580/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"3.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":259587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71aee4b0c8380cd766de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006714,"text":"70006714 - 1992 - Reformulated salmon rations cut phosphorus discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T10:29:24","indexId":"70006714","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1629,"text":"Feedstuffs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reformulated salmon rations cut phosphorus discharge","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Feedstuffs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Miller Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Bloomington, MN","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Ketola, G., 1992, Reformulated salmon rations cut phosphorus discharge: Feedstuffs, v. 64, no. 36, p. 10-18.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a449e4b0e8fec6cdbb0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, G.H.","contributorId":18318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005358,"text":"70005358 - 1992 - Crystalline Silica Primer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70005358","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":81,"text":"Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Crystalline Silica Primer","docAbstract":"Crystalline silica is the scientific name for a group of minerals composed of silicon and oxygen. The term crystalline refers to the fact that the oxygen and silicon atoms are arranged in a threedimensional repeating pattern. This group of minerals has shaped human history since the beginning of civilization. From the sand used for making glass to the piezoelectric quartz crystals used in advanced communication systems, crystalline silica has been a part of our technological development. Crystalline silica's pervasiveness in our technology is matched only by its abundance in nature. It's found in samples from every geologic era and from every location around the globe.\n\nScientists have known for decades that prolonged and excessive exposure to crystalline silica dust in mining environments can cause silicosis, a noncancerous lung disease. During the 1980's, studies were conducted that suggested that crystalline silica also was a carcinogen. As a result of these findings, crystalline silica has been regulated under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS). Under HCS, OSHAregulated businesses that use materials containing 0.1% or more crystalline silica must follow Federal guidelines concerning hazard communication and worker training. Although the HCS does not require that samples be analyzed for crystalline silica, mineral suppliers or OSHAregulated\nbusinesses may choose to do so if they wish to show that they are exempt from the requirements of HCS.\n\nBecause crystalline silica is an extremely common mineral and the HCS will affect many mineral commodities, it is important then, that there be as clear an understanding as possible of what is and what is not crystalline silica, and where it is found and used, and how it is qualitatively and quantitatively identified. This primer is an attempt to accomplish this in as nontechnical a manner as possible. This primer will examine crystalline silica. Part I will describe, in nonscientific terms, what crystalline silica is and how we come in contact with it. Part II will discuss the regulatory decisions that have created new interest in this ancient and widespread\nsubstance and will present a nontechnical overview of the techniques used to measure crystalline silica. Because this primer is meant to be a starting point for anyone interested in learning more about crystalline silica, a list of selected readings and other resources is included. The detailed glossary, which defines many terms that are beyond the scope of this publication, is designed to help the reader move from this presentation to a more technical one, the inevitable next step.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","collaboration":"[Illustrations are not available in the PDF version of the Crystalline Silica Primer. Contact Robert Virta at the U.S. Geological Survey for a copy of the complete report with illustrations.]","usgsCitation":"Staff- Branch of Industrial Minerals, 1992, Crystalline Silica Primer: Special Publication, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silica/780292.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":203894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ed45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staff- Branch of Industrial Minerals","contributorId":128231,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Staff- Branch of Industrial Minerals","id":535130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}