{"pageNumber":"417","pageRowStart":"10400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":39631,"text":"pp1408A - 1996 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19841,"text":"ofr9198 - 1993 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr9198","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39631,"text":"pp1408A - 1996 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408A","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:48:35","indexId":"pp1408A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"A","title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Regional aquifers underlying the 15,600-square-mile Snake River Plain in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon was studied as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Regional Aquifer-System Analysis program. The largest and most productive aquifers in the Snake River Plain are composed of Quaternary basalt of the Snake River Group, which underlies most of the 10,8000-square-mile eastern plain. Aquifer tests and simulation indicate that transmissivity of the upper 200 feet of the basalt aquifer in the eastern plain commonly ranges from about 100,000 to 1,000,000 feet squared per day. However, transmissivity of the total aquifer thickness may be as much as 10 million feet squared per day. Specific yield of the upper 200 feet of the aquifer ranges from about 0.01 to 0.20. Average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the upper 200 feet of the basalt aquifer ranges from less than 100 to 9,000 feet per day. Values may be one to several orders of magnitude higher in parts in individual flows, such as flow tops. Vertical hydraulic conductivity is probably several orders of magnitude lower than horizontal hydraulic conductivity and is generally related to the number of joints. Pillow lava in ancestral Snake River channels has the highest hydraulic conductivity of all rock types. Hydraulic conductivity of the basalt decreases with depth because of secondary filling of voids with calcite and silica. An estimated 80 to 120 million acre-feet of water is believed to be stored in the upper 200 feet of the basalt aquifer in the eastern plain. The most productive aquifers in the 4,800-square-mile western plain are alluvial sand and gravel in the Boise River valley. Although aquifer tests indicate that transmissivity of alluvium in the Boise River valley ranges from 5,000 to 160,000 feet squared per day, simulation suggests that average transmissivity of the upper 500 feet is generally less than 20,000 feet squared per day. Vertically averaged horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the upper 500 feet of alluvium ranges from about 4 to 40 feet per day; higher values can be expected in individual sand and gravel zones. Vertical hydraulic conductivity is considerably lower because of the presence of clay layers. Hydraulic heads measured in piezometers, interpreted from diagrams showing ground-water flow and equipotential lines and estimated by computer simulation, demonstrate that water movement is three dimensional through the rock framework. Natural recharge takes place along the margins of the plain where head decreases with depth; discharge takes place near some reaches of the Snake River and the Boise River where head increases with depth. Geothermal water in rhyolitic rocks in the western plain and western part of the eastern plain has higher hydraulic head than the overlying cold water. Geothermal water, therefore, moves upward and merges into the cold-water system. Basin water-budget analyses indicate that the volume of cold water. Carbon-14 age determinations, which indicate that residence time of geothermal water is 17,700 to 20,300 years, plus or minus 4,000 years, imply slow movement of water through the geothermal system. Along much of its length, the Snake River gains large quantities of ground water. On the eastern plain, the river gained about 1.9 million acre-feet of water between Blackfoot and Neeley, Idaho, in 1980. Between Milner and King Hill, Idaho, the river gained 4.7 million acre-feet, mostly as spring flow from the north side. Upstream from Blackfoot and in the vicinity of Lake Walcott, the rover loses flow to ground water during parts or all of the year. On the western plain, river gains from ground water are small relative to those on the eastern plain; most are from seepage. Streams in tributary drainage basins supply calcium/bicarbonate type and calcium/magnesium/bicarbonate type water to the plain. Water type is a reflection of the chemical composition of rocks in the drainage basin, Concentrations of dissolved solids are smallest, about 50 milligrams per liter, in streams such as the Boise River that drain areas of granitic rocks; concentrations are greatest, about 400 milligrams per liter, in streams such as the Owyhee and Raft Rivers that drain area of sedimentary rocks. Water chemistry reflects the interaction of surface water and ground water. The chemical composition of ground water in the plain is essentially the same as that in streamflow and groundwater discharge from tributary drainage basins. Tributary drainage basins supplied 85 percent of the ground-water recharge in the eastern plain during 1980 and a nearly equivalent percentage of the solute load in ground water; human activities and dissolution of minerals supplied the other solutes. Dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water were generally less than 400 milligrams per liter. Water from the lower geothermal system is chemically different from water from the upper cold-water system. Geothermal water typically has greater concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, silica, arsenic, boron, and lithium and smaller concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen. Difference are attributed to ion exchange as geothermal moves through the rock framework. Irrigation, mostly on the Snake River Plain, accounted for about 96 percent of consumptive water use in Idaho during 1980. The use of surface water for irrigation for more than 100 years has caused major changes in the hydrologic system on the plain. Construction of dams, reservoirs, and diversifications effected planned changes in the surface-water system but resulted in largely unplanned changes in the ground-water system. During those years of irrigation, annual recharge in the main part of the eastern plain increased to about 6.7 million acre-feet in 1980, or by about 70 percent. Most of the increase was from percolation of surface water diverted for irrigation. From preirrigation to 1952, groundwater storage increased about 24 million acre-feet, and storage decreased from 1952 to 1964 and from 1976 to 1980 because of below-normal precipitation and increased withdrawals of ground water for irrigation. Annual ground-water discharge increased to about 7.1 million acre-feet in 1980, or about 80 percent since the start of irrigation. About 10 percent of the 1980 total discharge was ground-water pumpage. About 3.1 million acres, or almost one-third of the plain, was irrigated during 1980: 2.0 million acres with surface water, 1.0 million acres with ground water, and 0.1 million acres with combined surface and ground water. About 8.9 million acre-feet of Snake River water was diverted for irrigation during 1980 and 2.3 million acre-feet of ground water was pumped from 5,300 wells. Most irrigation wells on the eastern plain are open to basalt. About two-thirds of them yield more than 1,500 gallons per minute with a reported maximum of 7,240 gallons per minute; drawdown is less than 20 feet in two-thirds of the wells. Most irrigation wells on the western plain are open to sedimentary rocks. About one-third of them yield more than 1,00 gallons per minute with a reported maximum of 3,850 gallons per minute; drawndown is less than 20 feet in about one-fifth of the wells. The major instream use of water on the Snake River Plain is hydroelectric power generation. Fifty-two million acre-feet of water generated 2.6 million megawatthours of electricity during 1980. Digital computer ground-water flows models of the eastern and western plain reasonably simulated regional changes in water levels and ground-water discharges from 1880 (preirrigation) to 1980. Model results support the concept of three-dimensional flow and the hypotheses of no underflow between the eastern and western plain. Simulation of the regional aquifer system in the eastern plain indicates that is 1980 hydrologic conditions, including pumpage, were to remain the same for another 30 years, moderate declines in ground-water levels and decreases in spring discharges would continue. Increased ground-water pumpage to irrigate an additional 1 million acres could cause ground-water levels to decline a few tens of feet in the central part of the plain and could cause corresponding decreases in ground-water discharge. A combination of actions such as increased ground-water pumpage and decreased use of surface water for irrigation (resulting in reduced recharge) would accentuate the changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408A","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., 1996, Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, Report: vii, 59 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408A.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 59 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 24.00 inches","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104631,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4855.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4855"},{"id":124963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67291,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67292,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, G. F.","contributorId":88763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018537,"text":"70018537 - 1996 - Structural damage, ground failure, and hydrologic effects of the magnitude (Mw) 5.9 Draney Peak, Idaho, earthquake of February 3, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:34:12.897574","indexId":"70018537","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural damage, ground failure, and hydrologic effects of the magnitude (Mw) 5.9 Draney Peak, Idaho, earthquake of February 3, 1994","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.67.3.20","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Schuster, R.L., and Murphy, W., 1996, Structural damage, ground failure, and hydrologic effects of the magnitude (Mw) 5.9 Draney Peak, Idaho, earthquake of February 3, 1994: Seismological Research Letters, v. 67, no. 3, p. 20-29, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.67.3.20.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.12347338999871,\n              43.647746754980034\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.12347338999871,\n              38.57518402288193\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.64134348337907,\n              38.57518402288193\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.64134348337907,\n              43.647746754980034\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.12347338999871,\n              43.647746754980034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bdee4b08c986b31d131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, R. L.","contributorId":19135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, W.","contributorId":96027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185307,"text":"70185307 - 1996 - Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:39:33","indexId":"70185307","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The recent identification of a novel sulfonated metabolite of alachlor in groundwater and metolachlor in soil is likely the result of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione conjugation is an important biochemical reaction that leads, in the case of alachlor, to the formation of a rather difficult to detect, water-soluble, and therefore highly mobile, sulfonated metabolite. Research from weed science, toxicology, and biochemistry is discussed to support the hypothesis that glutathione conjugation is a potentially important detoxification pathway carried out by aquatic and terrestrial plants and soil microorganisms. A brief review of the biochemical basis for glutathione conjugation is presented. We recommend that multidisciplinary research focus on the occurrence and expression of glutathione and its attendant enzymes in plants and microorganisms, relationships between electrophilic substrate structure and enzyme activity, and the potential exploitation of plants and microorganisms that are competent in glutathione conjugation for phytoremediation and bioremediation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es950287d","usgsCitation":"Field, J.A., and Thurman, E., 1996, Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1413-1418, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950287d.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1418","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1de4b0236b68f6738d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Jennifer A.","contributorId":18632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206237,"text":"70206237 - 1996 - Use of ground-penetrating radar and continuous seismic-reflection profiling on surface-water bodies in environmental and engineering studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T12:20:30","indexId":"70206237","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T12:15:26","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of ground-penetrating radar and continuous seismic-reflection profiling on surface-water bodies in environmental and engineering studies","docAbstract":"<p>Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and continuous seismic‐reflection profiling (CSP) on shallow rivers, lakes, and ponds are efficient and economical ways of obtaining subsurface hydrologic and geologic information for environmental and engineering studies. These methods are similar in that they produce continuous subsurface profiles, are easy to use in some applications, and the records can occasionally be straightforward to interpret. They are dissimilar in that GPR cannot penetrate electrically conductive water or subsurface sediments, and CSP usually cannot operate in water less than 5 feet (ft.) deep.</p><p>GPR records collected on a lake in New Hampshire have been interpreted to estimate the depth to bedrock and to evaluate the grain‐size characteristics of the underlying stratified drift at the lakeshore boundary. In a pond in Massachusetts, CSP and GPR were used to determine depth to bedrock and the grain‐size characteristics of the subbottom materials in part of the pond. Water‐column multiple reflections, depth and conductivity of water and subsurface materials, and diffractions degraded the quality of the GPR records. CSP records collected in the Connecticut River near Hartford, Connecticut were used to estimate the depth of till and bedrock interfaces and to evaluate grain‐size characteristics of subsurface materials. Interpreted CSP records also can indicate bedding planes within consolidated rock units. Water‐column multiple reflections and very shallow water degraded the quality of the CSP records. GPR and CSP methods have been used to delineate infilled scour holes near bridge piers. Scour holes that were filled with up to 8 ft. of loose sand were mapped during engineering scour studies near a bridge in Connecticut.</p><p>Because GPR and CSP operate on different physical principles, the two geophysical methods complement each other. Depending on the required depth of penetration and the degree of resolution needed, one or both of these methods can be used to acquire accurate and reliable subsurface hydrologic and geologic information critical to environmental and engineering studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/JEEG1.1.27","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1996, Use of ground-penetrating radar and continuous seismic-reflection profiling on surface-water bodies in environmental and engineering studies: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 1, no. 1, p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG1.1.27.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35684,"text":"b2094F - 1996 - Fluid inclusions and biomarkers in the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district; implications for the fluid-flow and thermal history of the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:28","indexId":"b2094F","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2094","chapter":"F","title":"Fluid inclusions and biomarkers in the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district; implications for the fluid-flow and thermal history of the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district is hosted by Ordovician carbonate rocks at the northern margin of the Illinois Basin. Fluid inclusion temperature measurements on Early Permian sphalerite ore from the district are predominantly between 90?C and I50?C. These temperatures are greater than can be explained by their reconstructed burial depth, which was a maximum of approximately 1 km at the time of mineralization. In contrast to the temperatures of mineral formation derived from fluid inclusions, biomarker maturities in the Upper Mississippi Valley district give an estimate of total thermal exposure integrated over time. Temperatures from fluid inclusions trapped during ore genesis with biomarker maturities were combined to construct an estimate of the district's overall thermal history and, by inference, the late Paleozoic thermal and hydrologic history of the Illinois Basin.\r\n\r\nCirculation of groundwater through regional aquifers, given sufficient flow rates, can redistribute heat from deep in a sedimentary basin to its shallower margins. Evidence for regional-scale circulation of fluids is provided by paleomagnetic studies, regionally correlated zoned dolomite, fluid inclusions, and thermal maturity of organic matter. Evidence for igneous acti vity contemporaneous with mineralization in the vicinity of the Upper Mississippi Valley district is absent.\r\n\r\nRegional fluid and heat circulation is the most likely explanation for the elevated fluid inclusion temperatures (relative to maximum estimated burial depth) in the Upper Mississippi Valley district. One plausible driving mechanism and flow path for the ore-forming fluids is groundwater recharge in the late Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita mountain belt and northward flow through the Reelfoot rift and the proto- Illinois Basin to the Upper Mississippi Valley district. Warm fluid flowing laterally through Cambrian and Ordovician aquifers would then move vertically upward through the fractures that control sphalerite mineralization in the Upper Mississippi Valley district.\r\n\r\nBiomarker reactant-product measurements on rock extracts from the Upper Mississippi Valley district define a relatively low level ofthermal maturity for the district, 0.353 for sterane and 0.577 for hopane. Recently published kinetic constants permit a time-temperature relationship to be determined from these biomarker maturities. Numerical calculations were made to simulate fluid heat flow through the fracture-controlled ore zones of the Thompson-Temperly mine and heat transfer to the adjacent rocks where biomarker samples were collected. Calculations that combine the fluid inclusion temperatures and the biomarker constraints on thermal maturity indicate that the time interval during which mineralizing fluids circulated through the Upper Mississippi Valley district is on the order of 200,000 years. \r\n\r\nFluid inclusion measurements and thermal maturities from biomarkers in the district reflect the duration of peak temperatures resulting from regional fluid circulation. On the basis of thermal considerations, the timing of fluorite mineralization in southern Illinois, and the northward-decreasing pattern of fluorine enrichment in sediments, we hypothesize that the principal flow direction was northward through the Cambrian and Ordovician aquifers of the Illinois Basin. A basin-scale flow system would result in mass transport (hydrocarbon migration, transport of metals in solution) and energy (heat) transport, which would in turn drive chemical reactions (for example, maturation of organic matter, mineralization, diagenetic reactions) within the Illinois Basin and at its margins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b2094F","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E.L., and Goldhaber, M.B., 1996, Fluid inclusions and biomarkers in the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district; implications for the fluid-flow and thermal history of the Illinois Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2094, iv, p. F1-F34, ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2094F.","productDescription":"iv, p. F1-F34, ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63585,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de6c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. Lanier","contributorId":63070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lanier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019384,"text":"70019384 - 1996 - Vegetation, substrate and hydrology in floating marshes in the Mississippi River Delta Plain wetlands, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T15:46:02.150942","indexId":"70019384","displayToPublicDate":"1996-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3676,"text":"Vegetatio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation, substrate and hydrology in floating marshes in the Mississippi River Delta Plain wetlands, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>In the 1940s extensive floating marshes (locally called ‘flotant’) were reported and mapped in coastal wetlands of the Mississippi River Delta Plain. These floating marshes included large areas of&nbsp;</span><i>Panicum hemitomon</i><span>-dominated freshwater marshes, and&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina patens/Scirpus olneyi</i><span>&nbsp;brackish marshes. Today these marshes appear to be quite different in extent and type. We describe five floating habitats and one non-floating, quaking habitat based on differences in buoyancy dynamics (timing and degree of floating), substrate characteristics, and dominant vegetation. All floating marshes have low bulk density, organic substrates. Nearly all are fresh marshes.&nbsp;</span><i>Panicum hemitomon</i><span>&nbsp;floating marshes presently occur within the general regions that were reported in the 1940's by O'Neil, but are reduced in extent. Some of the former&nbsp;</span><i>Panicum hemitomon</i><span>&nbsp;marshes have been replaced by seasonally or variably floating marshes dominated, or co-dominated by&nbsp;</span><i>Sagittaria lancifolia</i><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i>Eleocharis baldwinii</i><span>.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00044695","issn":"00423106","usgsCitation":"Sasser, C., Gosselink, J., Swenson, E., Swarzenski, C., and Leibowitz, N., 1996, Vegetation, substrate and hydrology in floating marshes in the Mississippi River Delta Plain wetlands, USA: Vegetatio, v. 122, no. 2, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044695.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Rigolettes, Jean Lafitte National Park, Kent Bayou, Lake Boeuf, Lake Salvador, Turtle Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.30969464983912,\n              30.56526183225492\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30969464983912,\n              29.15369916122681\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.33342587197245,\n              29.15369916122681\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.33342587197245,\n              30.56526183225492\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30969464983912,\n              30.56526183225492\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1eae4b08c986b32a810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gosselink, J. G.","contributorId":104645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosselink","given":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swenson, E.M.","contributorId":76475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, C.M.","contributorId":74856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leibowitz, N.C.","contributorId":97261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibowitz","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074634,"text":"70074634 - 1996 - Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T10:49:44","indexId":"70074634","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:42:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and hydrogeology of urban and urbanizing areas: a collection of papers presented at the conference held in Boston, Massachusetts, April 21-24, 1996","conferenceTitle":"Hydrology and Hydrogeology of Urban and Urbanizing Areas","conferenceDate":"1996-04-21T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., and Brown, C.J., 1996, Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County;Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0419,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,40.5418 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7339e4b0b29085108ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, P.E.","contributorId":59827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199201,"text":"70199201 - 1996 - Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:42:14","indexId":"70199201","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:38:58","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Hammond, D.E., Kuwabara, J.S., Miller, L., and Twilley, R., 1996, Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem, p. 425-444.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"444","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e59de4b0702d0e849470","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70202457,"text":"70202457 - 1996 - Developing a temporal database of urban development for the Baltimore/Washington region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:12:13","indexId":"70202457","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:27:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Developing a temporal database of urban development for the Baltimore/Washington region","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), and the U.S. Bureau of the Census are working together as a multiagency, multidisciplinary team in developing a temporal database that documents the growth of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region. This database consists of urban development, principal transportation, shoreline, and population density change. The urban development theme, considered a primary data layer in the study of urban land transformation resulting from human impact on the land, is the focus of this paper.</p><p><br>The Baltimore-Washington Spatial Dynamics and Human Impacts Study builds on earlier research efforts that mapped urban land use change for the San Francisco Bay area (Acevedo and Bell, 1994; Bell and others, 1995; Kirtland and others, 1994). In developing a temporal database (Acevedo and others, in press), the team participants hope to provide data that can be used to study patterns of urban growth; assess ecological, environmental, and climatic impacts of urban change; and model and predict future urbanization patterns and impacts (Clarke and others, 1996). Both the San Francisco and Baltimore-Washington regions were selected because of the rapid urban growth and resulting impacts on their ecosystems. The Chesapeake Bay region in particular has undergone extensive environmental agitation due to the hydrologic problems that have arisen from the increase in impermeable surfaces and structures, that is buildings and pavement that physically cover the soil. Because of the inability of water to percolate into the ground, little purification occurs by filtration. Water runs over paved surfaces and quickly washes high levels of toxins directly into the water system. Toxins like gasoline, oil, and fertilizer have dramatically affected the local streams, rivers, and the bay.</p><p><a name=\"HDR1> \n\n<h4>ABSTRACT</h4>\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Maryland Baltimore County,\n\nand the U.S. Bureau of the Census are developing a temporal database to\n\nstudy urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region.  The primary\n\ndata layer, the extent of urban or built-up areas, was compiled using a\n\ngeographic information system and historical maps, remotely sensed data,\n\ndigital land use data, and census information from a variety of sources. \n\nUrban land use change has been documented by the Baltimore-Washington\n\nSpatial Dynamics &amp; Human Impact Study Team for the last 200 years.  The\n\nmethods, definitions, and collection criteria used to define urban or\n\nbuilt-up areas were developed by a multi-disciplinary team that also\n\nensures consistency in collection techniques and documentation methods\n\nfor subsequent application in other regions.  Animation techniques were\n\nused to visualize the database and to document the evolution of the\n\nregion's urban landscape.  The database is an important tool to urban and\n\nregional planners, ecologists, and global change researchers for measuring\n\ntrends in urban sprawl, analyzing patterns of water pollution,\n\nunderstanding the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing\n\npredictive modeling techniques to better forecast areas of urban growth.<P>\n\n<BR>\n\n<A NAME=\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"></a></p><p><br>This paper describes the techniques used to map the extent of urban areas for Phase I and does not discuss Phase II in detail because the work is still in progress. In this study, urban development is defined as areas of intensive use, with much of the land covered by structures. The built-up areas are characterized by the existence of a systematic street pattern, and the relative concentration of buildings and associated intensive use areas, such as parking lots. Using this definition, urban development does not refer to political boundaries and may include incorporated or unincorporated areas as well as military reservations.</p><p><a name=\"HDR1> \n\n<h4>ABSTRACT</h4>\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Maryland Baltimore County,\n\nand the U.S. Bureau of the Census are developing a temporal database to\n\nstudy urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region.  The primary\n\ndata layer, the extent of urban or built-up areas, was compiled using a\n\ngeographic information system and historical maps, remotely sensed data,\n\ndigital land use data, and census information from a variety of sources. \n\nUrban land use change has been documented by the Baltimore-Washington\n\nSpatial Dynamics &amp; Human Impact Study Team for the last 200 years.  The\n\nmethods, definitions, and collection criteria used to define urban or\n\nbuilt-up areas were developed by a multi-disciplinary team that also\n\nensures consistency in collection techniques and documentation methods\n\nfor subsequent application in other regions.  Animation techniques were\n\nused to visualize the database and to document the evolution of the\n\nregion's urban landscape.  The database is an important tool to urban and\n\nregional planners, ecologists, and global change researchers for measuring\n\ntrends in urban sprawl, analyzing patterns of water pollution,\n\nunderstanding the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing\n\npredictive modeling techniques to better forecast areas of urban growth.<P>\n\n<BR>\n\n<A NAME=\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"></a></p><p><br>To build the urban component of the temporal database, a multidisciplinary team was assembled and a phased approach initiated. Expanding on procedures developed for the San Francisco Regional Study (Bell and others, 1995), the team developed data definitions, a classification scheme, compilation criteria, mapping specifications, guidelines for source materials, and metadata specifications to support development of a logically consistent dataset. Extensive documentation procedures were established to ensure consistency in data collection, and for subsequent application to other regions. Phase II was the implementation of the regional mapping effort.</p><p><a name=\"HDR1> \n\n<h4>ABSTRACT</h4>\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Maryland Baltimore County,\n\nand the U.S. Bureau of the Census are developing a temporal database to\n\nstudy urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region.  The primary\n\ndata layer, the extent of urban or built-up areas, was compiled using a\n\ngeographic information system and historical maps, remotely sensed data,\n\ndigital land use data, and census information from a variety of sources. \n\nUrban land use change has been documented by the Baltimore-Washington\n\nSpatial Dynamics &amp; Human Impact Study Team for the last 200 years.  The\n\nmethods, definitions, and collection criteria used to define urban or\n\nbuilt-up areas were developed by a multi-disciplinary team that also\n\nensures consistency in collection techniques and documentation methods\n\nfor subsequent application in other regions.  Animation techniques were\n\nused to visualize the database and to document the evolution of the\n\nregion's urban landscape.  The database is an important tool to urban and\n\nregional planners, ecologists, and global change researchers for measuring\n\ntrends in urban sprawl, analyzing patterns of water pollution,\n\nunderstanding the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing\n\npredictive modeling techniques to better forecast areas of urban growth.<P>\n\n<BR>\n\n<A NAME=\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"></a></p><p><br>The study area for Phase I consisted of an approximate area of 15- by 15-minute segment centered around the city of Baltimore (fig. 1). Phase I was used as a prototype for the technique development and integration that the multiagency collaborative effort would require. The regional study, Phase II, encompassed a 2-degree square centered on Washington, D.C. With more than 7 million people spread across 39 counties, the Baltimore-Washington region is one the Nation's fastest growing metropolitan areas. The two cities are rapidly merging into one.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 20–26 April 1996, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition","conferenceDate":"April 20-26, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Tilley, J.S., Acevedo, W., Foresman, T.W., and Prince, W., 1996, Developing a temporal database of urban development for the Baltimore/Washington region, <i>in</i> ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention and Exhibition, Baltimore, Md., 20–26 April 1996, Proceedings, Baltimore, Maryland, April 20-26, 1996.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/urban/umap/pubs/asprs_jt.php.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore-Washington Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilley, Janet S. jtilley@usgs.gov","contributorId":480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"Janet","email":"jtilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":758663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foresman, Timothy W.","contributorId":213897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foresman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prince, Walter","contributorId":213910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prince","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70198498,"text":"70198498 - 1996 - Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a potential methanogenic substrate in Mono Lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:39:28","indexId":"70198498","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T09:47:04","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a potential methanogenic substrate in Mono Lake sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>A high concentration of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was found in the water column (0.1–1.8 µM particulate plus dissolved) of Mono Lake, CA, an alkaline, hypersaline waterbody. The dense&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Artemia monica</i><span>&nbsp;population contained high levels of DMSP (1.7–2.5 mmol.g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;wet weight), presumably as an osmolyte. Death of these brine shrimp caused accumulation of DMSP along the shoreline of the lake, where concentrations peaked at 7–13 jumol.cm</span><sup>-3</sup><span>sediment. DMSP was also associated with the phototrophic microbial population in microbial mats close to the shoreline. Chemical hydrolysis of DMSP caused by the high pH value of the water (9.7–10.0) competed with biological consumption. Flux chamber experiments suggested that part of the dimethylsulfide (DMS) generated by hydrolysis escaped to the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of DMSP and DMS in the sediment correlated well. Methane and DMS also had similar distributions. Additional inhibitor studies showed that a major biological sink for DMS(P) is methanogenesis, although monooxygenase-containing bacteria also contributed to its consumption.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds ","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-0377-0_31","usgsCitation":"Visscher, P., Guidetti, J., Culbertson, C.W., and Oremland, R.S., 1996, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a potential methanogenic substrate in Mono Lake sediments, chap. <i>of</i> Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds , p. 361-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0377-0_31.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e59de4b0702d0e849472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visscher, P.T.","contributorId":21568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visscher","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guidetti, J.R.","contributorId":72001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guidetti","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70198769,"text":"70198769 - 1996 - Microbial cycling of methyl bromide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-17T08:46:47","indexId":"70198769","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T08:44:37","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Microbial cycling of methyl bromide","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental concern about brominated halocarbons like methyl bromide (MeBr) is focused on their potential to destroy stratospheric ozone. Photocatalysis of MeBr and other halocarbons in the stratosphere results in the liberation of reactive CI and Br atoms. Because Br atoms are perhaps as much as 100-fold more efficient at attacking ozone than are CI atoms, bromine’s lower abundance is partly compensated for by its higher reactivity.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial growth on C1 compounds","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-0213-8_41","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., 1996, Microbial cycling of methyl bromide, chap. <i>of</i> Microbial growth on C1 compounds, p. 310-317, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0213-8_41.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e59de4b0702d0e849474","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742913,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabita, F.R.","contributorId":64908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabita","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742914,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199896,"text":"70199896 - 1996 - The supply and carbon content of suspended sediment from the Sacramento River to San Francisco Bay: Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and transports","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:17:00","indexId":"70199896","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T08:15:38","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The supply and carbon content of suspended sediment from the Sacramento River to San Francisco Bay: Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and transports","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division","publisherLocation":"San Francisco","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., Hager, S., and Childers, D., 1996, The supply and carbon content of suspended sediment from the Sacramento River to San Francisco Bay: Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and transports, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem, p. 217-236.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110aede4b034bf6a8100a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747189,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hager, S.","contributorId":24980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childers, D.","contributorId":86654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198690,"text":"70198690 - 1996 - Investigation of methane production and consumption by use of stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T07:36:41","indexId":"70198690","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T07:33:25","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Investigation of methane production and consumption by use of stable isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotopes in water resources management","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K.M., Coplen, T.B., Baedecker, M.J., Glynn, P.D., and Hult, M.F., 1996, Investigation of methane production and consumption by use of stable isotopes, chap. <i>of</i> Isotopes in water resources management, v. 1, p. 381-387.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e59de4b0702d0e849476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga M. krevesz@usgs.gov","contributorId":506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","email":"krevesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo mjbaedec@usgs.gov","contributorId":3346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":7000084,"text":"7000084 - 1996 - A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume VI, May 1, 1957 to June 30, 1966; the years of change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-20T10:12:13","indexId":"7000084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume VI, May 1, 1957 to June 30, 1966; the years of change","docAbstract":"Luna B. Leopold became chief of the Water\nResources Division in May 1957 and stepped down in\nJanuary 1966 to resume his research'in geomorphology.\nErnest L. Hendricks succeeded'Leopold as chief\nof the Division in May 1966. The dates May 1, 1957,\nand June 30,1966, bracket a period of profound change\nin the organization and programs and in the philosophy\nof operations of the Water Resource Division and\nindeed in the entire field of investigational hydrology\nboth within and outside the Geological Survey.\nLeopold brought into his new position a conviction\nthat water on and beneath the Earth's surface and\nthe quality of both were interdependent parts of one\nwater-resources system and that the organization and\noperation of WRD must change to reflect that oneness.\nHe was also convinced that the research program of the\nDivision was inadequate in scope, staff, and funding to\nmeet the operational needs of the Division and the\nneeds of the community of water-resources planners,\ndevelopers, and administrators in the near and distant\nfuture. Leopold's vision of a Water Resources Division\nproperly staffed to meet current and future technical\nchallenges included the imposition of rigorous selection\nstandards on new professional recruits and the\ndevelopment of specialized training in-house and at\nuniversity undergraduate and graduate levels. The\nperiod of Leopold's administrative and technical leadership\nof the WRD was indeed the \"Years of Change.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/7000084","usgsCitation":"Hudson, H.H., and Cragwell, J.S., 1996, A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume VI, May 1, 1957 to June 30, 1966; the years of change, xiv, 559 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000084.","productDescription":"xiv, 559 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261229,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/msb/7000084/report.pdf"},{"id":261230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/msb/7000084/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,16.916667 ], [ 173,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Hugh H.","contributorId":12047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cragwell, Joseph S. Jr.","contributorId":86679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cragwell","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019315,"text":"70019315 - 1996 - Trends in the chemistry of precipitation and surface water in a national network of small watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-27T11:04:33.084233","indexId":"70019315","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in the chemistry of precipitation and surface water in a national network of small watersheds","docAbstract":"Trends in precipitation and surface water chemistry at a network of 15 small watersheds ( < 10 km2) in the USA were evaluated using a statistical test for monotonic trends (the seasonal Kendall test) and a graphical smoothing technique for the visual identification of trends. Composite precipitation samples were collected weekly and surface water samples were collected at least monthly. Concentrations were adjusted before trend analysis, by volume for precipitation samples and by flow for surface water samples. A relation between precipitation and surface water trends was not evident either for individual inorganic solutes or for solute combinations, such as ionic strength, at most sites. The only exception was chloride, for which there was a similar trend at 60% of the sites. The smoothing technique indicated that short-term patterns in precipitation chemistry were not reflected in surface waters. The magnitude of the short-term variations in surface water concentration was generally larger than the overall long-term trend, possibly because flow adjustment did not adequately correct for climatic variability. Detecting the relation between precipitation and surface water chemistry trends may be improved by using a more powerful sampling strategy and by developing better methods of concentration adjustment to remove the effects of natural variation in surface waters.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199602)10:2<151::AID-HYP355>3.0.CO;2-K","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B., Hooper, R.P., and Bricker, O., 1996, Trends in the chemistry of precipitation and surface water in a national network of small watersheds: Hydrological Processes, v. 10, no. 2, p. 151-181, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199602)10:2<151::AID-HYP355>3.0.CO;2-K.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb810e4b08c986b327662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018769,"text":"70018769 - 1996 - Processes affecting the fate of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:54:36","indexId":"70018769","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes affecting the fate of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil","docAbstract":"Crude oil spilled from a subsurface pipeline in north-central Minnesota has dissolved in the groundwater, resulting in the formation of a plume of aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Comparison of paired oil and groundwater samples collected along the central axis of the residual oil body shows that the trailing edge of the oil is depleted in the more soluble aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene, etc.) when compared with the leading edge. At the same time, concentrations of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater beneath the oil increase as the water moves toward the leading edge of the oil. Immediately downgradient from the leading edge of the oil body, certain aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene) are found at concentrations near those expected of a system at equilibrium, and the concentrations exhibit little variation over time (???8-20%). Other compounds (e.g., toluene) appear to be undersaturated, and their concentrations show considerably more temporal variation (???20-130%). The former are persistent within the anoxic zone downgradient from the oil, whereas concentrations of the latter decrease rapidly. Together, these observations suggest that the volatile hydrocarbon composition of the anoxic groundwater near the oil body is controlled by a balance between dissolution and removal rates with only the most persistent compounds reaching saturation. Examination of the distributions of homologous series and isomeric assemblages of alkylbenzenes reveals that microbial degradation is the dominant process controlling the fate of these compounds once groundwater moves away from the oil. For all but the most persistent compounds, the distal boundary of the plume at the water table extends no more than 10-15 m down-gradient from the oxic/anoxic transition zone. Thus, transport of the monoaromatic hydrocarbons is limited by redox conditions that are tightly coupled to biological degradation processes.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960073b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Dorsey, T., Phinney, C., and Westcott, A., 1996, Processes affecting the fate of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 11, p. 3304-3312, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960073b.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3304","endPage":"3312","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960073b"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8da9e4b0c8380cd7ed5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, T.F.","contributorId":34278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phinney, C.S.","contributorId":50302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westcott, A.M.","contributorId":37484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westcott","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018834,"text":"70018834 - 1996 - Occurrence of selected pesticides and their metabolites in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T06:27:59","indexId":"70018834","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of selected pesticides and their metabolites in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and their metabolites were investigated through the collection of 837 water-quality samples from 303 wells across the Midwest. Results of this study showed that five of the six most frequently detected compounds were pesticide metabolites. Thus, it was common for a metabolite to be found more frequently in groundwater than its parent compound. The metabolite alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (alachlor-ESA; 2-[(2,6-diethylphenyl)(methoxymethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) was detected almost 10 times as frequently and at much higher concentrations than its parent compound alachlor (2-chloro-2&lsquo;,6&lsquo;-diethyl-</span><i>N</i><span>-(methoxymethyl)acetamide). The median detectable atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6- isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) concentration was almost half that of atrazine residue (atrazine plus the two atrazine metabolites analyzed). Cyanazine amide [2-chloro-4-(1-carbamoyl-1-methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine] was detected almost twice as frequently as cyanazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-methylpropionitrileamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine). Results show that information on pesticide metabolites is necessary to understand the environmental fate of pesticides. Consequently, if pesticide metabolites are not quantified, the effects of chemical use on groundwater quality would be substantially underestimated. Thus, continued research is needed to identify major degradation pathways for all pesticides and to develop analytical methods to determine their concentrations in water and other environmental media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es950462q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Michael, T.E., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996, Occurrence of selected pesticides and their metabolites in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 335-340, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950462q.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es950462q"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.298828125, 41.705728515237524 ], [ -80.52978515625, 41.36031866306708 ], [ -80.52978515625, 40.613952441166596 ], [ -81.49658203125, 40.195659093364654 ], [ -81.8701171875, 39.825413103424786 ], [ -82.9248046875, 39.35129035526705 ], [ -83.78173828125, 39.30029918615029 ], [ -84.83642578125, 39.14710270770074 ], [ -85.53955078125, 38.788345355085625 ], [ -85.97900390625, 38.496593518947556 ], [ -86.37451171875, 38.11727165830543 ], [ -86.66015624999999, 37.89219554724437 ], [ -86.923828125, 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41.393294288784865 ], [ -82.30957031249999, 41.393294288784865 ], [ -81.84814453125, 41.492120839687786 ], [ -81.298828125, 41.705728515237524 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c30e4b0c8380cd74acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Thurman E.","contributorId":86116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Thurman","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018913,"text":"70018913 - 1996 - Properties and variability of soil and trench fill at an arid waste-burial site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:42:56","indexId":"70018913","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Properties and variability of soil and trench fill at an arid waste-burial site","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arid sites commonly are assumed to be ideal for long-term isolation of wastes. Information on properties and variability of desert soils is limited, however, and little is known about how the natural site environment is altered by installation of a waste facility. During fall construction of two test trenches next to the waste facility on the Amargosa Desert near Beatty, NV, samples were collected to: (i) characterize physical and hydraulic properties of native soil (upper 5 m) and trench fill, (ii) determine effects of trench construction on selected properties and vertical variability of these properties, and (iii) develop conceptual models of vertical variation within the soil profile and trench fill. Water retention was measured to air dryness (ψ = 2 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cm water suction). The 15 300-cm pressure-plate data were omitted from the analysis because water-activity measurements showed the actual suction values were significantly less than the expected 15 300-cm value (avg. difference = 8550 ± 2460 cm water). Trench construction significantly altered properties and variability of the natural site environment. For example, water content ranged from 0.029 to 0.041 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>m</span><sup>-3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for fill vs. 0.030 to 0.095 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>m</span><sup>-3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for soil; saturated hydraulic conductivity was ≈ 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s</span><sup>-1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for fill vs. 10</span><sup>-2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to ≈ 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s</span><sup>-1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for soil. Statistical analyses showed that the native soil may be represented by three major horizontal components and the fill by a single component. Under initial conditions, calculated liquid conductivity (</span><i>K</i><sub>l</sub><span>) plus isothermal vapor conductivity (</span><i>K</i><sub>v</sub><span>) for the upper two soil layers and the trench fill was ≈ 10</span><sup>-13</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>l</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was ≤<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>v</sub><span>. For the deeper (2–5 m) soil, total conductivity was ≈ 10</span><sup>-10</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>l</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was &gt;</span><i>K</i><sub>v</sub><span>. This study quantitatively describes hydraulic characteristics of a site using data measured across a water-content range that is representative of arid conditions, but is seldom studied.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010011x","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., 1996, Properties and variability of soil and trench fill at an arid waste-burial site: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 60, no. 1, p. 54-66, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010011x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f21e4b0c8380cd7f5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019006,"text":"70019006 - 1996 - Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize stream-subsurface water exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T08:38:17","indexId":"70019006","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize stream-subsurface water exchange","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stream water was locally recharged into shallow groundwater flow paths that returned to the stream (hyporheic exchange) in St. Kevin Gulch, a Rocky Mountain stream in Colorado contaminated by acid mine drainage. Two approaches were used to characterize hyporheic exchange: sub-reach-scale measurement of hydraulic heads and hydraulic conductivity to compute streambed fluxes (hydrometric approach) and reachscale modeling of in-stream solute tracer injections to determine characteristic length and timescales of exchange with storage zones (stream tracer approach). Subsurface data were the standard of comparison used to evaluate the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize hyporheic exchange. The reach-averaged hyporheic exchange flux (1.5 mL s</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), determined by hydrometric methods, was largest when stream base flow was low (10<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>L</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>); hyporheic exchange persisted when base flow was 10-fold higher, decreasing by approximately 30%. Reliability of the stream tracer approach to detect hyporheic exchange was assessed using first-order uncertainty analysis that considered model parameter sensitivity. The stream tracer approach did not reliably characterize hyporheic exchange at high base flow: the model was apparently more sensitive to exchange with surface water storage zones than with the hyporheic zone. At low base flow the stream tracer approach reliably characterized exchange between the stream and gravel streambed (timescale of hours) but was relatively insensitive to slower exchange with deeper alluvium (timescale of tens of hours) that was detected by subsurface measurements. The stream tracer approach was therefore not equally sensitive to all timescales of hyporheic exchange. We conclude that while the stream tracer approach is an efficient means to characterize surface-subsurface exchange, future studies will need to more routinely consider decreasing sensitivities of tracer methods at higher base flow and a potential bias toward characterizing only a fast component of hyporheic exchange. Stream tracer models with multiple rate constants to consider both fast exchange with streambed gravel and slower exchange with deeper alluvium appear to be warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR01268","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Wagner, B.J., and Bencala, K.E., 1996, Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize stream-subsurface water exchange: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 8, p. 2441-2451, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR01268.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2441","endPage":"2451","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfee4b0c8380cd529b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019072,"text":"70019072 - 1996 - A sample-freezing drive shoe for a wire line piston core sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T08:04:27","indexId":"70019072","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sample-freezing drive shoe for a wire line piston core sampler","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Loss of fluids and samples during retrieval of cores of saturated, noncohesive sediments results in incorrect measures of fluid distributions and an inaccurate measure of the stratigraphic position of the sample. To reduce these errors, we developed a hollow drive shoe that freezes in place the lowest 3 inches (75 mm) of a 1.88‐inch‐diameter (48 mm), 5‐foot‐long (1.5 m) sediment sample taken using a commercial wire line piston core smapler. The end of the core is frozen by piping liquid carbon dioxide at ambient temperature through a steel tube from a bottle at the land surface to the drive shoe where it evaporates and expands, cooling the interior surface of the shoe to about ‐ 109°F (‐ 78°C). Freezing a core end takes about 10 minutes. The device was used to collect samples for a study of oil‐water‐air distributions, and for studies of water chemistry and microbial activity in unconsolidated sediments at the site of an oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota. Before freezing was employed, samples of sandy sediments from near the water table sometimes flowed out of the core barrel as the sampler was withdrawn. Freezing the bottom of the core allowed for the retention of all material that entered the core barrel and lessened the redistribution of fluids within the core. The device is useful in the unsaturated and shallow saturated zones, but does not freeze cores well at depths greater than about 20 feet (6 m) below water, possibly because the feed tube plugs with dry ice with increased exhaust back‐pressure, or because sediment enters the annulus between the core barrel and the core barrel liner and blocks the exhaust.</p></div></div>","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1996.tb00143.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Murphy, F., and Herkelrath, W., 1996, A sample-freezing drive shoe for a wire line piston core sampler: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 16, no. 3, p. 86-90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1996.tb00143.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e567e4b0c8380cd46d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017689,"text":"70017689 - 1996 - The combined use of 87Sr/86Sr and carbon and water isotopes to study the hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater in mantled karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:38:16","indexId":"70017689","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The combined use of 87Sr/86Sr and carbon and water isotopes to study the hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater in mantled karst","docAbstract":"<p id=\"SP0005\">The hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater influences the composition of water that percolates downward from the surficial aquifer system through the underlying intermediate confining unit and recharges the Upper Floridan aquifer along highlands in Florida. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio along with the stable isotopes, D,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O, and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C were used as tracers to study the interaction between groundwater, lakewater, and aquifer minerals near Lake Barco, a seepage lake in the mantled karst terrane of northern Florida. Upgradient from the lake, the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio of groundwater decreases with depth (mean values of 0.71004, 0.70890, and 0.70852 for water from the surficial aquifer system, intermediate confining unit, and Upper Floridan aquifer, respectively), resulting from the interaction of dilute oxygenated recharge water with aquifer minerals that are less radiogenic with depth. The concentrations of Sr<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>generally increase with depth, and higher concentrations of Sr<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer (20–35 μg/L), relative to water from the surficial aquifer system and the intermediate confining unit, result from the dissolution of Sr-bearing calcite and dolomite in the Eocene limestone. Dissolution of calcite [δ<sup>13</sup>C= −1.6permil(‰)] is also indicated by an enriched δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>(-8.8 to -11.4 ‰) in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer, relative to the overlying hydrogeologic units (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>&lt; -16‰).</p><p id=\"SP0010\">Groundwater downgradient from Lake Barco was enriched in<sup>18</sup>O and D relative to groundwater upgradient from the lake, indicating mixing of lakewater leakage and groundwater. Downgradient from the lake, the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio of groundwater and aquifer material become less radiogenic and the Sr<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations generally increase with depth. However, Sr<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations are substantially less than in upgradient groundwaters at similar depths. The lower Sr<sup>2+</sup>concentrations result from the influence of anoxic lakewater leakage on the mobility of Sr<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from clays. Based on results from mass-balance modeling, it is probable that cation exchange plays the dominant role in controlling the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio of groundwater, both upgradient and downgradient from Lake Barco. Even though groundwater from the three distinct hydrogeologic units displays considerable variability in Sr concentration and isotopic composition, the dominant processes associated with the mixing of lakewater leakage with groundwater, as well as the effects of mineral-water interaction, can be ascertained by integrating the use of stable and radiogenic isotopic measurements of groundwater, lakewater, and aquifer minerals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00296-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., and Bullen, T., 1996, The combined use of 87Sr/86Sr and carbon and water isotopes to study the hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater in mantled karst: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, no. 24, p. 5075-5087, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00296-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5075","endPage":"5087","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00296-7"}],"volume":"60","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa40e4b08c986b322794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017797,"text":"70017797 - 1996 - The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T08:25:34","indexId":"70017797","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temporal variations in a streambed temperature profile between 30 and 300 cm beneath Tijeras Arroyo, New Mexico, were analyzed at 30-min intervals for 1990 to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation during streamflows. The depth of percolation was clearly documented by the rapid response of the streambed temperature profile to streamflows. Results indicate that the streambed possessed small thermal gradients with significant diurnal variations from late November to late May, indicating that ephemeral streamflows created continuous, advection-dominated heat transport to depths below 300 cm during this period. Timing and duration of percolation suggested by temporal variations in the temperature profile were verified by comparison with measured streamflow records for the study reach over 1990. Percolation rates were estimated using a technique based on the travel time of the daily maximum temperature into the streambed. Percolation rates were compared with streambed seepage rates determined from measurements of streamflow loss, stream surface area, and stream evaporative loss for the entire study reach. Travel time estimates of streambed percolation rates ranged from 9 to 40 cm/hr, while streamflow estimates of streambed seepage rates ranged from 6 to 26 cm/hr during the study period. Discrepancies between streambed percolation and seepage rates may be caused by differences in the areal extent of measurements for percolation versus seepages rates. In summary, the depth, timing, and duration of streamflow-induced percolation were well documented by temporal variations in a single streambed temperature profile, while rates of percolation based on the temperature profile were about double the seepage rates based on streamflow records for the entire study reach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR03014","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1996, The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3597-3602, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3597","endPage":"3602","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb19be4b08c986b325364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James jconstan@usgs.gov","contributorId":168431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018077,"text":"70018077 - 1996 - Denitrification and mixing in a stream-aquifer system: Effects on nitrate loading to surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T08:55:23","indexId":"70018077","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification and mixing in a stream-aquifer system: Effects on nitrate loading to surface water","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Ground water in terrace deposits of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer near Greeley, Colorado, USA, had a median nitrate concentration of 1857 μmol l<sup>−1</sup>. Median nitrate concentrations in ground water from adjacent floodplain deposits (468 μmol l<sup>−1</sup>) and riverbed sediments (461 μmol l<sup>−1</sup>), both of which are downgradient from the terrace deposits, were lower than the median concentration in the terrace deposits. The concentrations and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values of nitrate and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in ground water indicated that denitrifying activity in the floodplain deposits and riverbed sediments accounted for 15–30% of the difference in nitrate concentrations. Concentrations of Cl<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicated that mixing between river water and ground water in the floodplain deposits and riverbed sediments accounted for the remainder of the difference in nitrate concentrations. River flux measurements indicated that ground-water discharge in a 7.5 km segment of river had a nitrate load of 1718 kg N day<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and accounted for about 18% of the total nitrate load in the river at the downstream end of that segment. This nitrate load was 70% less than the load predicted on the basis of the median nitrate concentration in the terrace deposits and assuming no denitrification or mixing in the aquifer. Water exchange between the river and aquifer caused ground water that originally discharged to the river to reenter denitrifying sediments in the riverbed and floodplain, thereby further decreasing the nitrate load in this stream—aquifer system. Results from this study indicated that denitrification and mixing within akluvial aquifer sediments may substantially decrease the nitrate load added to rivers by discharging ground water.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03037-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., and Böhlke, J., 1996, Denitrification and mixing in a stream-aquifer system: Effects on nitrate loading to surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, no. 1-4, p. 105-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03037-5.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03037-5"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe97e4b0c8380cd4edf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018083,"text":"70018083 - 1996 - Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground water recharge in arid areas: Examples from western Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:29:01","indexId":"70018083","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground water recharge in arid areas: Examples from western Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The chloride mass-balance method, which integrates time and aerial distribution of ground water recharge, was applied to small alluvial aquifers in the wadi systems of the Asir and Hijaz mountains in western Saudi Arabia. This application is an extension of the method shown to be suitable for estimating recharge in regional aquifers in semi-arid areas. Because the method integrates recharge in time and space it appears to be, with certain assumptions, particularly well suited for and areas with large temporal and spatial variation in recharge. In general, recharge was found to be between 3 to 4% of precipitation - a range consistent with recharge rates found in other arid and semi-arid areas of the earth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bazuhair, A., and Wood, W., 1996, Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground water recharge in arid areas: Examples from western Saudi Arabia: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, no. 1-4, p. 153-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Asir mountains, Hijaz mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42,\n              14\n            ],\n            [\n              36,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              14\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              14\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"186","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5c6e4b0c8380cd4c3f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bazuhair, A.S.","contributorId":24119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bazuhair","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018084,"text":"70018084 - 1996 - Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:39:59","indexId":"70018084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals","docAbstract":"<p>Detailed vertical sampling is useful in aquifers where vertical mixing is limited and steep vertical gradients in chemical concentrations are expected. Samples can be collected at closely spaced vertical intervals from nested wells with short screened intervals. However, this approach may not be appropriate in all situations. An easy-to-construct and easy-to-install multiport sampling well to collect ground-water samples from closely spaced vertical intervals was developed and tested. The multiport sampling well was designed to sample ground water from surficial sand-and-gravel aquifers. The device consists of multiple stainless-steel tubes within a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) protective casing. The tubes protrude through the wall of the PVC casing at the desired sampling depths. A peristaltic pump is used to collect ground-water samples from the sampling ports. The difference in hydraulic head between any two sampling ports can be measured with a vacuum pump and a modified manometer. The usefulness and versatility of this multiport well design was demonstrated at an agricultural research site near Princeton, Minnesota where sampling ports were installed to a maximum depth of about 12 m below land surface. Tracer experiments were conducted using potassium bromide to document the degree to which short-circuiting occurred between sampling ports. Samples were successfully collected for analysis of major cations and anions, nutrients, selected herbicides, isotopes, dissolved gases, and chlorofluorcarbon concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02176.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 1996, Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals: Ground Water, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1098-1104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02176.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1098","endPage":"1104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.69415283203125,\n              45.50923415869288\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69415283203125,\n              45.630365250117606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.47785949707031,\n              45.630365250117606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.47785949707031,\n              45.50923415869288\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69415283203125,\n              45.50923415869288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6093e4b0c8380cd71557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}