{"pageNumber":"417","pageRowStart":"10400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":64317,"text":"gp140 - 1958 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44222,"text":"ofr54206 - 1954 - Total intensity aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr54206","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64317,"text":"gp140 - 1958 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","indexId":"gp140","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T18:37:11.56754","indexId":"gp140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"140","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/gp140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Books, K.G., Schwartz, G.M., Meuschke, J.L., and Dempsey, W., 1958, Aeromagnetic map of eastern Roseau County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 140, 2 Plates: 35.00 x 37.88 inches and  22.21 x 40.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp140.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 35.00 x 37.88 inches and  22.21 x 40.51 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484035,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3053.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":100773,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100771,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Roseau County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.916667,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.916667,\n              48.541667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.316667,\n              48.541667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.316667,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.916667,\n              49\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Books, Kenneth G.","contributorId":25910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Books","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, G. M.","contributorId":20380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dempsey, W.J.","contributorId":13988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dempsey","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":687,"text":"wsp1434 - 1958 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1434","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1434","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1434","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1958, Surface water supply of the United States, 1956, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1434, x, 380 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1434.","productDescription":"x, 380 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1434/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25250,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1434/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12418,"text":"ofr581 - 1958 - Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12418,"text":"ofr581 - 1958 - Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"ofr581","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"pp338","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"pp338","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:40:39.77374","indexId":"ofr581","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-1","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr581","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., 1958, Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 58-1, Report: xxxvi, 337 p.; 6 Plates: 63.38 x 29.37 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr581.","productDescription":"Report: xxxvi, 337 p.; 6 Plates: 63.38 x 29.37 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489313,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489312,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489311,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489310,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489309,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.41344924573305,\n              41.15461559091611\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.41344924573305,\n              39.94270771512089\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93861877988127,\n              39.94270771512089\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93861877988127,\n              41.15461559091611\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.41344924573305,\n              41.15461559091611\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, John Patrick","contributorId":26669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47375,"text":"b1082A - 1958 - Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47375,"text":"b1082A - 1958 - Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States","indexId":"b1082A","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33208,"text":"b1082 - 1962 - Contributions to economic geology, 1958","indexId":"b1082","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33208,"text":"b1082 - 1962 - Contributions to economic geology, 1958","indexId":"b1082","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T13:01:54","indexId":"b1082A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1082","chapter":"A","title":"Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States","docAbstract":"<p>The principal source of zirconium and hafnium is zircon, though a minor source is baddeleyite, mined only in Brazil. Zircon is an accessory mineral in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, but rarely occurs in hardrock in minable quantities. The principal sources of zircon are therefore alluvial deposits, which are mined in many countries of five continents. The principal commercial deposits in the United States are in Florida, though others exist elsewhere in the southeastern Coastal Plain. </p><p>The evidence indicates that conditions for the accumulation of workable deposits of heavy minerals were more favorable during the interglacial stages of the Pleistocene epoch than during Recent time. Therefore detrital ores of large volume and high tenor are more likely to be found in the terrace deposits than along the present beaches. Other concentrations of heavy minerals, however, are possible at favored sites close to the Fall Line where the Tuscaloosa formation rests upon the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont province. </p><p>A score of heavy and semiheavy minerals occur in the detrital deposits of Florida, but the principal salable minerals are ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, and zircon, though monazite and staurolite are saved at some mining plants. Commercial deposits of heavy minerals are generally required to have a tenor of 4 percent, though ores with a lower tenor can be mined at a profit if the content of monazite is notably high. The percentages of zircon in the concentrates ranges from 10 to 16 percent, and in eastern Florida from 13 to 15 percent. Thus the tenor in zircon of the ore-bearing sands ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 percent. </p><p>The content of hafnium in zircon is immaterial for many uses, but for some purposes very high or very low tenors in hafnium are required. Alluvial zircon cannot be separated into such varieties, which, if needed, must be obtained from sources in bedrock. It thus becomes necessary to determine the Hf : Zr ratios in zircon from many kinds of bedrock.</p><p>Granitic rocks are the principal sources of zircon, though not the best sources of zircon with a high tenor in hafnium. A general study by the Geological Survey of the granitic rocks of the Southeastern Atlantic States has been in progress for 10 years, and hundreds of samples of granitic accessory minerals have been acquired. Thirty samples of zircon from these collections were selected for spectrographic and X-ray determinations of their tenors in hafnium. Nine other samples of alluvial zircon were included, of which three are from Florida and six from foreign countries. No domestic zircon was discovered with very high or very low tenors in hafnium.</p><p>The volume of zircon in the southeastern Coastal Plain is enormous, but most of it is not recoverable. The minable reserves of heavy minerals, however, are very large, and from these it is estimated conservatively that 10 million short tons of zircon can be obtained. The corresponding amounts of zirconium and hafnium, using the mean Hf:Zr ratio of the deposits in Florida, are 4,868,000 and 112,000 tons, respectively. These reserves could be delivered, if needed, at the rate of 100,000 tons a year.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1082A","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J., 1958, Zirconium and hafnium in the southeastern Atlantic States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1082, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1082A.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082a/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":170647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 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,{"id":60808,"text":"mf74 - 1958 - Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Burdock quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T10:02:55","indexId":"mf74","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Burdock quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf74","usgsCitation":"Schnabel, R.W., 1958, Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Burdock quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 74, 37.10 x 31.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf74.","productDescription":"37.10 x 31.35 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360035,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0074/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Fall River County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.91666666666667,43.416666666666664 ], [ -103.91666666666667,43.450833333333335 ], [ -103.86749999999999,43.450833333333335 ], [ -103.86749999999999,43.416666666666664 ], [ -103.91666666666667,43.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnabel, R. W.","contributorId":82278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnabel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71623,"text":"tei602 - 1958 - Areal geology of the Little Cone quadrangle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T08:44:36","indexId":"tei602","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"602","title":"Areal geology of the Little Cone quadrangle, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Little Cone quadrangle includes an area of about 59 square miles in eastern San Miguel County in southwestern Colorado. It lies within and adjacent to the northeastern boundary of the Colorado Plateau physiographic province. The precipitous front of the San Juan Mountains lies a few miles to the east and northeast, and an outlier of the San Juans, the San Miguel Mountains, lies about a mile to the south. The quadrangle contains features characteristic of both the plateaus and the mountains, and has been affected by geologic events and processes of two different geologic environments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei602","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","usgsCitation":"Bush, A.L., Marsh, O., and Taylor, R.B., 1958, Areal geology of the Little Cone quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 602, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei602.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288263,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0602/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Miguel County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.125,37.875 ], [ -108.125,38.0 ], [ -108.0,38.0 ], [ -108.0,37.875 ], [ -108.125,37.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6732b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bush, Alfred Lerner","contributorId":38159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"Lerner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, O.T.","contributorId":64672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"O.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Richard Bartlett","contributorId":104769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Bartlett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":59002,"text":"mf78 - 1958 - Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Dewey quadrangle, Custer County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T10:06:16","indexId":"mf78","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Dewey quadrangle, Custer County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf78","usgsCitation":"Brobst, D., 1958, Preliminary geologic map of the east central part of the Dewey quadrangle, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 78, 31.94 x 31.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf78.","productDescription":"31.94 x 31.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0078/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Custer County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.03416666666666,43.534166666666664 ], [ -104.03416666666666,43.583333333333336 ], [ -104,43.583333333333336 ], [ -104,43.534166666666664 ], [ -104.03416666666666,43.534166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brobst, D.A.","contributorId":103688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brobst","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207433,"text":"70207433 - 1958 - Metamorphosed middle Paleozoic fossils from Central Massachusetts, eastern Vermont, and western New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T14:41:02","indexId":"70207433","displayToPublicDate":"1958-12-31T11:08:33","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphosed middle Paleozoic fossils from Central Massachusetts, eastern Vermont, and western New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p><span>Study of thin and polished sections and spectrographic analyses indicate that the brachiopod most recently used to date the Bernardston Formation in Massachusetts probably came from Lower Devonian beds (chlorite zone) in Nova Scotia, and not from Bernardston, Massachusetts. Restudy of the faunule from the calcareous quartzite (garnet zone) of the Bernardston Formation indicates that it is probably of Silurian rather than Devonian age. The upper part of the Clough Formation on Skitchewaug Mountain (garnet zone) in eastern Vermont contains tetracorals of Silurian or Devonian age. The Clough Formation on Croydon Mountain (sillimanite zone) in west-central New Hampshire contains tetracorals. The fossiliferous zone in the lower part of the Bernardston Formation is possibly equivalent to the upper part of the Clough Formation.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[855:MMPFFC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Boucot, A., Macdonald, G., Milton, C., and Thompson, J.B., 1958, Metamorphosed middle Paleozoic fossils from Central Massachusetts, eastern Vermont, and western New Hampshire: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, no. 7, p. 855-870, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[855:MMPFFC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p. 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J.","contributorId":30620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucot","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, G.J.F.","contributorId":221370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macdonald","given":"G.J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milton, C.","contributorId":37472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, James B. Jr.","contributorId":48273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207267,"text":"70207267 - 1958 - Stratigraphy of ocoee series, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:51:23","indexId":"70207267","displayToPublicDate":"1958-12-31T09:11:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy of ocoee series, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee and North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>Much of the Great Smoky Mountains, which span the boundary between Tennessee and North Carolina, is formed of the Ocoee series, of later Precambrian age. This is a body of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks, which has minor intercalations of limestone and dolomite but no volcanic components or known fossils. The series is probably 30,000 feet or more thick. It lies unconformably on a basement of earlier Precambrian granitic and gneissic rocks, and on the northwest side of the mountains it is overlain by the Cochran formation, or basal unit of the Chilhowee group, which is of Cambrian and Precambrian(?) age. South of the mountains it is overlain by rocks of the Murphy marble belt; here, the top of the Ocoee is placed tentatively at the base of the Nantahala slate. The Ocoee series is divisible into three broad units of regional extent and contrasting lithologic character, which are herewith designated groups and named the Snowbird group, the Great Smoky group, and the Walden Creek group. The groups consist of local intergrading and intertonguing formations and have complex stratigraphic and structural relations. The Ocoee series is split by major thrust faults into three sequences, a southern, central, and northern, none of which contains more than two groups of the series. The lowest group, the Snowbird, is best developed in the central sequence where it is more than 13,000 feet thick; it is much thinner in the southern sequence. In both sequences it lies unconformably on granites and gneisses. Toward the east it is largely sandstone, but this is interbedded with and intertongues westward into finer-grained sandstone, siltstone, and argillaceous rocks. These differences permit the Snowbird group to be divided, in ascending order, into the Wading Branch formation, Longarm quartzite, Roaring Fork sandstone, and Pigeon siltstone. Toward the west the Snowbird is represented by more strongly metamorphosed rocks termed the Metcalf phyllite. Above the Snowbird group in the southern sequence is the Great Smoky group, more than 25,000 feet thick. The lower part, termed the Elkmont sandstone, is fine-grained sandstone. The middle part, termed the Thunderhead sandstone, is poorly sorted, coarse, feldspathic sandstone in graded beds. The upper part, termed the Anakeesta formation, includes many beds of dark argillaceous and silty rocks. South of the Great Smoky Mountains the Great Smoky group is overlain by the rocks of the Murphy marble belt. The Snowbird group in the central sequence is overlain in a few places by coarser-grained rocks. These somewhat resemble those of the Great Smoky group, but their stratigraphic relations to it are not demonstrable, so that they are left as unclassified parts of the Ocoee series. In one area such rocks are named the Rich Butt sandstone, in another the Cades sandstone. In the northern sequence the Walden Creek group, about 8000 feet thick, forms a varied assemblage of argillaceous and silty rocks and quartz-pebble conglomerate, with locally prominent quartzite, limestone, and dolomite. The Walden Creek group is divided, in ascending order, into the Licklog formation, Shields formation, Wilhite formation, and Sandsuck formation; the Wilhite is in turn divided into the Dixon Mountain member and Yellow Breeches member. The Walden Creek is overlain by the Chilhowee group of Cambrian and Precambrian(?) age but is in fault contact with the Snowbird group on the southeast; it is not in contact with the Great Smoky group. Northeast of the Great Smoky Mountains, the Walden Creek group is reported to overlie the Snowbird group as part of a sedimentary sequence from the basement rocks upward through the Chilhowee group into the overlying Paleozoic. © 1958, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[947:SOOSGS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"King, P., Hadley, J.B., Neuman, R.B., and Hamilton, W., 1958, Stratigraphy of ocoee series, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee and North Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, no. 8, p. 947-966, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[947:SOOSGS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p. 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,{"id":72009,"text":"tem1071 - 1958 - Photogeologic map of the east half of Cahone Quadrangle, Montezuma and Dolores counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:17:33","indexId":"tem1071","displayToPublicDate":"1958-11-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1071","title":"Photogeologic map of the east half of Cahone Quadrangle, Montezuma and Dolores counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","doi":"10.3133/tem1071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Hackman, R., 1958, Photogeologic map of the east half of Cahone Quadrangle, Montezuma and Dolores counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 1071, Report: 3 p.; Plate: 20.07 inches x 21.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem1071.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; Plate: 20.07 inches x 21.66 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284791,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1071/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284792,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1071/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Dolores County;Montezuma County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.000,37.500 ], [ -109.000,37.750 ], [ -108.750,37.750 ], [ -108.750,37.500 ], [ -109.000,37.500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b4ae4b0b29085103cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackman, R.J.","contributorId":95086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackman","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70212509,"text":"70212509 - 1958 - Geology of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-18T18:03:02.703072","indexId":"70212509","displayToPublicDate":"1958-08-18T12:40:01","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kapingamarangi Atoll of the Caroline Islands consists of a peripheral reef, 1000-4000 feet across, surrounding a nearly circular lagoon which is 5 by 6 nautical miles in area and about 240 feet at maximum depth. Thirty-three islands, most of which are less than half a mile in length, are scattered along the eastern half of the peripheral reef. At least 75 patch reefs, most of which are small, nearly symmetrical mounds, rise to the surface of the lagoon. The peripheral reef and the patch reefs, composed largely of the stony structures of corals and coralline algae, have flat upper surfaces, apparently the result of bevelling by waves during a recent lowering of sea level. The islands on the peripheral reef are formed of partially consolidated stratified sediments composed of clastic limestone particles and the shells of marine animals. These islands are migrating lagoonward across the reef flat because of erosion on the seaward sides and the growth of beaches and bars on the opposite sides. Soils on the islands are poorly developed and retain much of the texture, structure, and composition of the parent rock or sediment. They consist chiefly of mechanical mixtures of carbonaceous material and lime gravel, lime sand, or lime mud. Phosphorite is present on some islands and is still forming locally where apatite derived from bird guano is reacting with limestones. The tidal fluctuation of ground-water lenses, determined on islands of several sizes, ranges from about 4 to 18 inches. In one very small island where the water is brackish, the rise is much greater. The time lag between tidal movements and the rise and fall of fresh water in the islands ranges from a few minutes on very small islands up to 5 hours on some large ones. This time lag is controlled by the permeability of rocks composing an island and varies from one area to another according to the distribution of rock types. The lagoon contains six concentric belts of bottom sediment; in each, the composition and texture depend on the depth of water in which it occurs. Lime sand and lime gravel derived for the most part from the shells of animals form most of the sediment, but a lime mud covers the bottom of the deepest parts of the lagoon. Waves and currents cause gradation between types of sediment to a depth of about 30 feet, but little mixing was detected at greater depths.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[241:GOKACI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., 1958, Geology of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands: GSA Bulletin, v. 69, no. 3, p. 241-278, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[241:GOKACI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"278","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              151.89697265625,\n              0.21972602392080884\n            ],\n            [\n              157.34619140625,\n              0.21972602392080884\n            ],\n            [\n              157.34619140625,\n              5.834616165610059\n            ],\n            [\n              151.89697265625,\n              5.834616165610059\n            ],\n            [\n              151.89697265625,\n              0.21972602392080884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70212070,"text":"70212070 - 1958 - Uranium deposits under conglomeratic sandstone of the Morrison Formation, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-14T14:05:19.628286","indexId":"70212070","displayToPublicDate":"1958-08-13T11:40:12","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium deposits under conglomeratic sandstone of the Morrison Formation, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>In southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, strata of conglomeratic sandstone are localized at the base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation of Jurassic age. These discrete lithologic units contain sedimentary structures oriented in a prevailing easterly direction. They are believed to cover about one-third of the underlying Salt Wash Member in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, and they locally rest on ore-bearing sandstone in the Salt Wash Member. Eastward-trending planar cross-stratification and trough cross-stratification and a general westward coarsening of sediments in the conglomeratic sandstone strata suggest that they are the products of stream aggradation from westerly source areas. Uranium-vanadium deposits in the uppermost, almost continuous, layer of sandstone of the Salt Wash Member are classified according to their association with the conglomerate strata. Of the 363 deposits studied in the uppermost sandstone layer of the Salt Wash Member, 101 are known to be directly beneath conglomeratic sandstone strata, 211 are below the projected extension of conglomeratic sandstone strata, 33 are beyond the safe limits of such projection, and 18 are lateral to the margins of conglomeratic sandstone strata. At places, near clusters of deposits in the uppermost sandstone of the underlying Salt Wash Member, conglomeratic sandstone strata of the Brushy Basin Member are also mineralized. It is postulated that ground-water movement during deposition of the Morrison Formation in Late Jurassic time localized the uranium and vanadium. The direction of this ground-water movement is believed to have been related to streams that deposited the conglomeratic strata, so that in the ore-bearing sandstone metal ions contained in the ground water were localized in places of high transmissibility and in the vicinity of decaying organic debris. According to the age of the ores, precipitation of the metals was much later than their localization, probably during Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[403:UDUCSO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1958, Uranium deposits under conglomeratic sandstone of the Morrison Formation, Colorado and Utah: GSA Bulletin, v. 69, no. 4, p. 403-418, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[403:UDUCSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Morrison Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.160400390625,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.160400390625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, D. A.","contributorId":92665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220127,"text":"5220127 - 1957 - Eastern glossy ibis nesting in southeastern Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:18:07","indexId":"5220127","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eastern glossy ibis nesting in southeastern Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>On June 25, 1956, Don P. Fankhauser and I investigated a large heron colony of mixed species, on Mills Island in Chincoteague Bay, Worcester County, Maryland. Large numbers of American Egrets (<i>Casmerodius albus</i>), Snowy Egrets (<i>Leucophoyx</i> <i>thula</i>), Louisiana Herons (<i>Hydranassa tricolor</i>), Little Blue Herons (<i>Florida caerulea</i>), and Black-crowned Night Herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) were found, all nesting in a dense grove of young red cedar (<i>Juniperus virginiana</i>). Much to our surprise, the colony also included at least two pairs of the Eastern Glossy Ibis (<i>Plegadis falcinellus</i>). Four adults of this species were repeatedly observed flying low overhead and frequently perching in nearby tree-tops. In addition, two young ibis, about three-fourths grown, were found. These two birds, still unable to fly, would hop and flutter among the tree branches whenever they were approached too closely. The large white crown patch and the peculiar barred markings of the bill were especially noticeable on both of the young.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4081758","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., 1957, Eastern glossy ibis nesting in southeastern Maryland: The Auk, v. 74, no. 4, p. 509-509, https://doi.org/10.2307/4081758.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"509","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4081758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Worcester County","otherGeospatial":"Chincoteague Bay, Mills Island","volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61434,"text":"mf99 - 1957 - Bedrock geology at the south-central part of the North Range, Cuyuna district, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T15:25:51","indexId":"mf99","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99","title":"Bedrock geology at the south-central part of the North Range, Cuyuna district, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Cuyuna iron-ore district is in central Minnesota in Morrison, Crow Wing, and Aitkin Counties.&nbsp; The length of the district is about 68 miles, extending from near Randall in Morrison County ot a point 11 miles east of the community of Hassmann in Aitkin County, and the maximum know width is about 25 miles near the center of the district.&nbsp; Current mining activity is confined to a much smaller area about 10 miles longs and 3 miles wide near Crosby and Ironton in Crow Wing County.&nbsp; This investigation has been restricted to the active area plus a marginal strip in which much exploratory drilling has been done.&nbsp; The average annual production of iron ore and manganiferous iron ore from the district during 1940-50 was slightly more than 3 million tons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf99","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., and Dutton, C.E., 1957, Bedrock geology at the south-central part of the North Range, Cuyuna district, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 99, 3 Plates: 24.68 x 31.97 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf99.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 24.68 x 31.97 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360069,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0099/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360070,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0099/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360071,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0099/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0099/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.05055555555555,46.43444444444444 ], [ -94.05055555555555,46.5 ], [ -93.9675,46.5 ], [ -93.9675,46.43444444444444 ], [ -94.05055555555555,46.43444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6342f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutton, C. E.","contributorId":75526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":64312,"text":"gp161 - 1957 - Aeromagnetic map of part of the Newton East quadrangle, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T20:25:16.495218","indexId":"gp161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"161","title":"Aeromagnetic map of part of the Newton East quadrangle, Sussex County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp161","usgsCitation":"Henderson, J.R., and Tyson, N.S., 1957, Aeromagnetic map of part of the Newton East quadrangle, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 161, 1 Plate: 18.61 × 21.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp161.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.61 × 21.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392642,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3076.htm"},{"id":251705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250947,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0161/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250946,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"31680","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","otherGeospatial":"Newton East quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.75,41 ], [ -74.75,41.125 ], [ -74.625,41.125 ], [ -74.625,41 ], [ -74.75,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, John R. Jr.","contributorId":96346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tyson, Natalie S.","contributorId":6827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyson","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15737,"text":"ofr5887 - 1957 - Geology of the Basin Quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15737,"text":"ofr5887 - 1957 - Geology of the Basin Quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"ofr5887","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Basin Quadrangle, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35698,"text":"b1151 - 1963 - Geology of the Basin quadrangle: Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Powell Counties, Montana","indexId":"b1151","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Basin quadrangle: Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Powell Counties, Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35698,"text":"b1151 - 1963 - Geology of the Basin quadrangle: Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Powell Counties, Montana","indexId":"b1151","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Basin quadrangle: Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Powell Counties, Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T19:47:34.920637","indexId":"ofr5887","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-87","title":"Geology of the Basin Quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Basin quadrangle, in the northern part of the Boulder Mountains between Butte and Helena, Montana, is underlain principally by igneous rocks that include Late Cretaceous quartz latitic and andesitic Elkhorn Mountains volcanics, quartz monzonite and related rocks of the Boulder batholith, Oligocene(?) quartz latitic volcanic rocks, and late Miocene(?)-early Pliocene(?) rhyolitic volcanic rocks. Sedimentary rocks of the Late Jurassic Morrison formation, the Early Cretaceous Kootenai formation, and the Early Cretaceous lower part of the Colorado formation, crop out in the northwest part of the quadrangle. The batholithic rocks include early stage quartz monzonite, intermediate or main stage quartz monzonite and granodiorite, and late stage aplite and alaskite. The rocks of the main stage are in discontinuous layers approximately conformable to the folded Elkhorn Mountains volcanics that form the roof of the batholith, and may be part of a sill-like body rather than of a batholith in the classic sense. Metamorphic changes in the roof rocks are not conspicuous except in one stratigraphic unit that probably was especially susceptible to thermal reorganization.</p><p>The batholithic rocks and Elkhorn Mountains volcanics are jointed, and are cut by faults that trend about east, north, N. 20° E., northeast, and northwest. The east-trending faults are most abundant, especially in the eastern part of the quadrangle, and cut only the batholithic and pre-batholithic rocks, whereas many of the faults of other trends cut Tertiary volcanic rocks and a few cut Pleistocene glacial deposits.</p><p>A surface of moderate relief was cut before eruption of the Oligocene(?) volcanic rocks, and the late Miocene(?)-early Pliocene(?) volcanic rocks covered a deeply weathered surface of low relief. By the Pleistocene a landscape essentially like that of today had been formed, and during the one period of Pleistocene glaciation, valley glaciers and a mountain ice sheet modified the earlier landforms and left extensive deposits of till and outwash. These deposits have been modified in many places by mass-wasting processes that have dominated post-glacial erosion.</p><p>Mineral deposits in the quadrangle include deposits of disseminated auriferous pyrite, base- and precious-metal bearing quartz veins that occupy the east-trending fault zones, placer deposits of gold and tin, and a few non-metallic deposits, chiefly stone, gravel, and dumortierite. Nearly all of the metallic minerals mined in the quadrangle have come from the east-trending quartz veins and from the placer deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5887","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, E.T., 1957, Geology of the Basin Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 58-87, Report: viii, 219 p.; 7 Plates: 34.96 x 52.09 inches or smaller; 7 Tables: 23.93 x 24.44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5887.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 219 p.; 7 Plates: 34.96 x 52.09 inches or smaller; 7 Tables: 23.93 x 24.44 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431191,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431190,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431189,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431188,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431187,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431186,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431185,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431184,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431183,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431182,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431181,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431180,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431179,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431178,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/Table-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Basin Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.55138492319185,\n              46.59423812949282\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.55138492319185,\n              46.03252022844208\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78355228633728,\n              46.03252022844208\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78355228633728,\n              46.59423812949282\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.55138492319185,\n              46.59423812949282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6834cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Edward Thompson","contributorId":67066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Thompson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2113,"text":"wsp1421 - 1957 - Geology and ground-water resources of Outagamie County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-05T09:02:03","indexId":"wsp1421","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1421","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Outagamie County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Outagamie County is in east-central Wisconsin. It has no serious groundwater problem at present, but the county is important as a recharge area for the principal aquifers supplying water to Brown County and industrial Green Bay to the east.</p>\n<p>The county is covered by glacial drift and lake deposits of the Wisconsin stage of glaciation. In the northwestern quarter of the county these deposits rest upon Precambrian crystalline rocks; throughout the remainder of the county they are underlain by sandstone, limestone, dolomite, and shale of Cambrian and Ordovician age. &middot;where they are sufficiently thick, and where more productive formations are absent, glacial sand and gravel are an important source of ground water. The major sources, however, are the St. Peter sandstone, of Ordovician age, and the sandstones of the Upper Cambrian series. The Precambrian crystalline rocks, which underlie all the county, yield little or no water to wells.</p>\n<p>The regional dip of the Paleozoic bedrocks is 25 to 30 feet per mile eastward and southeastward. There are no major folds, but the thickness of each geologic unit may change from place to place because of predepositional or postdepositional erosion. There is no conclusive evidence of major faulting in the area.</p>\n<p>Ground water in Outagamie County occurs under both water-table (unconfined) and artesian (confined) conditions. The source of the ground water is precipitation which falls on the surface and percolates downward into the underlying permeable materials. Regional movement of ground water in the eastern third of the county is controlled by the bedrock structure, and the discharge is toward the east and south. Throughout the rest of the county the movement of water is controlled mainly by bedrock and surface topography, and the water moves toward the streams and bedrock valleys.</p>\n<p>Water-level :fluctuations follow definite patterns. Where the effects of pumping are at a minimum, water levels reach a high in April or May, decline through the summer months owing to natural discharge, and lack of recharge, and do not begin to recover until after the ground thaws in the spring. In areas of heavy pumping where this pattern is distorted, the lowest water levels occur in the early fall and recoveries begin in October or November after the period of heaviest pumping.</p>\n<p>Pumpage in the county was estimated to be about 9.0 million gallons per day (mgd) in 1951 and 1952. Nearly half of this was for industrial, commercial, and public-supply use along the Fox River. Wells, most of which are drilled by the cable-tool method, range in diameter from 3 to 16 inches and in depth from 10 or 20 feet to 804 feet. In the alluvium and glacial drift 1~- to 2&yen;2-inch driven wells are common.</p>\n<p>Pumping tests were made to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers at Seymour, Appleton, and Hortonville. The average coefficient of transmissibility at Seymour is about 18,000 gpd per foot; at Appleton it is about 19,000 gpd per foot. The coefficients of storage are 0.00022 and 0.00015 at Seymour and Appleton, respectively. Movement of ground water out of the county, assuming an average transmissibility of 18,000 gpd per foot, was calculated to be more than 10 mgd toward the southeast.</p>\n<p>The ground water differs greatly in chemical quality from well to well, but it is generally a very hard calcium magnesium bicarbonate water, some of it high in iron. To aid in determining the source of well waters, 22 chemical analyses were plotted on a logarithmic diagram to obtain characteristic patterns for waters from several geologic sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1421","usgsCitation":"LeRoux, E.F., 1957, Geology and ground-water resources of Outagamie County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1421, Report: 57 p.; 7 Plates: 26.60 x 19.80 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1421.","productDescription":"Report: 57 p.; 7 Plates: 26.60 x 19.80 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27695,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27689,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27693,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27694,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27690,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27691,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27692,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1421/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Outagamie County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.6062,44.5903],[-88.4889,44.5894],[-88.3671,44.5875],[-88.2453,44.5846],[-88.2203,44.5858],[-88.1908,44.5864],[-88.1918,44.5016],[-88.1921,44.4167],[-88.1921,44.3871],[-88.1919,44.3288],[-88.193,44.2421],[-88.2536,44.2432],[-88.2835,44.243],[-88.3754,44.2443],[-88.4041,44.244],[-88.4966,44.2443],[-88.5247,44.2441],[-88.6185,44.2438],[-88.6453,44.2435],[-88.7397,44.2432],[-88.7381,44.3307],[-88.7365,44.4164],[-88.7368,44.5021],[-88.7371,44.5906],[-88.6152,44.5903],[-88.6062,44.5903]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Outagamie\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6859f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeRoux, E. F.","contributorId":29795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeRoux","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15450,"text":"ofr5791 - 1957 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15450,"text":"ofr5791 - 1957 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"ofr5791","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66820,"text":"i271 - 1958 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"i271","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66820,"text":"i271 - 1958 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"i271","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T21:33:37.679674","indexId":"ofr5791","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-91","title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Malaspina district extends about 50 miles along the north shore of the Gulf of Alaska from Icy Bay and the Guyot Glacier on the west to Yakutat Bay and Disenchantment Bay on the east (see index map). The district includes a coastal lowland flanked on the north by a belt of rugged foothills, the higher ridges and peaks of which rise to altitudes of 1,000 to 6,000 feet. The southern front of the St. Ell as Mountains rises abruptly at the northern margin of the foothills belt, about 30 miles from the coast, culminating in Mount St. Elias (18,008 ft.).</p><p>The Malaspina Glacier, the dominant feature of the Malaspina district, has long been regarded as the type example of the piedmont glacier. This huge ice sheet covers an area of about 840 square miles of the coastal lowland, rising gradually from an altitude of 100 feet or less at the outer margin to altitudes ranging from 1,000 feet to 2,000 feet at the southern margin of the foothills belt. The Malaspina Glacier is of special interest to glaciologists because its strikingly developed morainic banding offers clues to the nature of glacier movement. The processes of wastage and deposition at the stagnant margin of Malaspina Glacier can be compared with the mode of retreat of the former continental ice sheets; much can be learned here of the origin<br>of the deposits formed along a stagnant ice margin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5791","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., and Miller, D.J., 1957, Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-91, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 45.69 inches and 48.66 x 41.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5791.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 45.69 inches and 48.66 x 41.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425068,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0091/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425067,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0091/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"96000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Malaspina district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.31365442885615,\n              60.237641221178194\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.31365442885615,\n              59.68683300309837\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.80902050605346,\n              59.68683300309837\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.80902050605346,\n              60.237641221178194\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.31365442885615,\n              60.237641221178194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Don John","contributorId":77120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2368,"text":"wsp1330D - 1957 - Water requirements of the rayon- and acetate-fiber industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2368,"text":"wsp1330D - 1957 - Water requirements of the rayon- and acetate-fiber industry","indexId":"wsp1330D","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Water requirements of the rayon- and acetate-fiber industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:04:40","indexId":"wsp1330D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"D","title":"Water requirements of the rayon- and acetate-fiber industry","docAbstract":"<p>Water is required for several purposes in the manufacture of rayon and acetate fiber. These water requirements, as indicated by a survey of the water used by the plants operating in 1953, are both quantitative and qualitative. </p><p>About 300 mgd (million gallons per day) of water was used in 1953 in the preparation of purified wood cellulose and cotton linters, the basic material from which the rayon and acetate fiber is made. An additional 620 mgd was used in the process of converting the cellulose to rayon and acetate fiber. The total, 920 mgd, is about 1 percent of the total estimated withdrawals of industrial water in the United States in 1953. </p><p>The rayon- and acetate-fiber plants are scattered through eastern United States and generally are located in small towns or rural areas where there are abundant supplies of clean, soft water. Water use at a typical rayon-fiber plant was about 9 mgd, and at a typical acetate-fiber plant about 38 mgd. </p><p>About 110 gallons of water was used to produce a pound of rayon fiber 32 gallons per pound was process water and the remainder was used largely for cooling in connection with power production and air conditioning. For the manufacture of a pound of acetate fiber about 170 gallons of water was used. However, the field survey on which this report is based indicated a wide range in the amount of water used per pound of product. For example, in the manufacture of viscose rayon, the maximum unit water use was 8 times the minimum unit water use. Water use in summer was about 22 percent greater than average annual use. About 8 mgd of water was consumed by evaporation in the manufacture of rayon and acetate fiber. </p><p>More than 90 percent of the water used by the rayon and acetate industry was withdrawn from surface-water sources, about 8 percent from ground water, and less than 2 percent from municipal water supplies. </p><p>All available analyses of the untreated waters used by the rayon and acetate industry were collected and studied. The untreated waters were generally cool, low in content of calcium and magnesium, and very low in iron and manganese. At many plants, water was obtained from more than one source, and thus had different quality characteristics. Dissolved solids in all the untreated waters analyzed ranged between 14 and 747 ppm (parts per million) but in those waters used in processing the dissolved solids content was less than 200 ppm. </p><p>The cooling water used by the industry is also generally of very high quality, principally because the requirements for a high-quality process water necessitate location of the plants in areas where such water is available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330D","usgsCitation":"Mussey, O.D., 1957, Water requirements of the rayon- and acetate-fiber industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330D.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330d/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"867.98 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":137742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab9b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mussey, Orville Durey","contributorId":45688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mussey","given":"Orville","email":"","middleInitial":"Durey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14401,"text":"ofr5760 - 1957 - Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T08:30:12","indexId":"ofr5760","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-60","title":"Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to summarize data on the use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area (fig. 2) and to list the principal data sources that are available in published form. The tables and bibliography will assist Geological Survey personnel  assigned to the Delaware Basin Project in evaluating the scope and deficiencies of previous studies of the basin. Information is also given on the use of water by public supplies in the New York-New Jersey region comprising the New York City Metropolitan Area and in the remaining north-central and south-eastern parts of New Jersey. These regions may depend increasingly on water from the Delaware River basin for part of their public supplies.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Geological Survey has the responsibility for appraising and describing the water resources of the Nation as a guide to use, development, control, and conservation of these resources. Cooperative Federal-State water-resources investigations in the Delaware Basin States have been carried on the the Geological Survey for more than 50 years. In July 1956 the Survey began the \"Delaware Basin Project,\" a hydrologic study of the Delaware River basin in order to: 1) Determine present status and trends in water availability, quality, and use, 2) assess and improve the adequacy of the Survey's basic water data program in the basin, 3) interpret and evaluate the water-resources data in terms of past and possible future water-use and land-use practices, and 4) disseminate promptly the results of this investigation for the benefit of all interested agencies and the general public. The Geological Survey is working closely with the U.S. Corps of Engineers and other cooperating Federal and State agencies in providing water data which will contribute to the present coordinated investigation aimed at developing a plan for long-range water development in the Delaware River basin.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Estimates of quantities of water used are given for water withdrawn from streams and aquifers during calendar year 1955, as compiled or estimated from publications and manuscripts prepared between 1950 and 1956. All quantities are given in millions of gallons per day (mgd). The source of the water used, ground or surface, and the type of use to which is was put -- public supply, industrial supply, irrigation, or rural use -- is given. Use of water for hydroelectric power was not compiled for this report. Most tables in this report do not subdivide withdrawals into fresh and saline water; however, most supplies are fresh, except some of those withdrawn directly from the Delaware River downstream from Philadelphia, Pa. All quantities are expressed as an average rate for a full year and are lower, therefore, than rates resulting from the increased demand for water during the summer for air conditioning and supplemental irrigation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The primary emphasis of this study was to get an over-all picture of water use throughout large parts of the basin. Therefore, publications relating to a dingle city or county, other than New York City, seldom were used; revisions and refinement based on such sources of information are best made by the field personnel most familiar with locally filed publications and published data. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr5760","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, J., 1957, Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-60, ii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5760.","productDescription":"ii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287384,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0060/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,39.0 ], [ -76.0,42.0 ], [ -75.0,42.0 ], [ -75.0,39.0 ], [ -76.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63579e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, John C.","contributorId":53815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14976,"text":"ofr5772 - 1957 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14976,"text":"ofr5772 - 1957 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"ofr5772","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35230,"text":"b1094 - 1959 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"b1094","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35230,"text":"b1094 - 1959 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"b1094","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T22:50:46.949424","indexId":"ofr5772","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-72","title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The history of petroleum exploration in Alaska and the geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska are reviewed. Maps showing Alaska's major Mesozoic and Tertiary tectonic elements, possible petroleum provinces, and indications of petrol, are included in this report. Annotated references in Geological Survey publications relating to petroleum and oil shale in Alaska are given at the end of the report.</p><p>For the purpose of appraising its petroleum possibilities, Alaska is divided into the southern, central, and northern major geologic-physiographic regions.</p><p>Southern Alaska includes the arcuate mountain chain formed by the Alaska and Aleutian Ranges and the Mentasta- Nutzotin Mountains, the coastal range and valley area to the south, and the southeastern Alaska \"panhandle\" -- an area of 185,000 square miles.</p><p>Oil seeps on the west shore of Cook Inlet in southern Alaska were known as early as 1853, and claims were staked in this region in 1882. Drilling began near the oil seeps in the Katalla district about 1901, and this started Alaska's first period of oil activity. From 1902 to 1933 the Katalla field produced 154,000 barrels of oil from fractured shale and sandstone of Tertiary age the- first and only commercial production in Alaska.</p><p>On the basis of geology, surficial indications of petroleum, and test wells drilled, six possible petroleum provinces are indicated in southern Alaska. They are Heceta Island area, Keku Islands area, Cook Inlet Mesozoic province, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, Cook Inlet Tertiary province, and Copper River basin.</p><p>The exposed rocks in the Heceta Island area include lower Paleozoic graywacke-type sandstone, sandstone, conglomerate, and massive limestones with reeflike structures; igneous rocks are rare or lacking in much of the area. The Kosciusko-Tuxekan-Heceta synclinorium, the main structural feature, is modified by minor folds and faults. Some of the minor folds are reported to be broad and open, with flanks dipping 20°-145°. As far as known, the Heceta Island area has not heretofore been seriously considered as a possible petroleum province.</p><p>Rocks of Silurian to Cretaceous age are exposed in the Keku Island area and include moderately folded and relatively unaltered limestone and other marine sedimentary rocks.</p><p>The Cook Inlet Mesozoic province, a land area of approximately 18,500 square miles, includes a great thickness of unmetamorphosed marine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. At least 23 test wells were drilled or started in this province by the end of 1955. Shows of oil and gas were encountered in many of these wells. During 1955 at least ten oil companies were active in this area and by the end of 1955 about 1 1/2 million acres were included in oil and gas leases applied for or granted.</p><p>The Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province includes about 5,200 square miles in which rocks of Tertiary age are exposed or are believed to underlie Quaternary deposits. Between 1901 and the end of 1955 about 47 wells were drilled or started in this province.</p><p>The Cook Inlet Tertiary province embraces an area of about 9,500 square miles, of which about 4,100 is covered by the shallow waters of Cook Inlet. Petroleum exploration has been in that part of the area which overlaps the Cook Inlet Mesozoic province. Eocene or younger Tertiary nonmarine sedimentary rocks are believed to underlie much of the province, and marine rocks of Tertiary age may also be present.</p><p>The Copper River basin is a topographic basin underlain by unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. Tertiary rocks favorable for the accumulation of petroleum may underlie part of the basin but this is not believed likely. Except for some leasing activity no petroleum exploration has been recorded in the Copper River Basin to the end of 1955.</p><p>Central Alaska is a region of about 275,000 square miles and consists of an irregular assemblage of intricately dissected uplands and alluvium-floored lowland basins. Scattered peaks of resistant intrusive igneous rocks surmount most of the upland areas.</p><p>In the vast region of central Alaska only six test wells are known to have been drilled for the purpose of finding oil and gas. The maximum depth reached was 350 feet and the holes were mostly or entirely in Quaternary deposits. In recent years several oil companies have investigated some parts of the region and large areas in the Yukon-Koyukuk province are now under lease. Oil seeps, gas seeps, and other indications of petroleum have been reported from many localities; samples from two localities have been analyzed and reported to be petroleum.</p><p>The geology of central Alaska is similar in a general way to that of the area between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra-Cascade belts of the United States. Sedimentary rocks, probably equivalent to the Precambrian Belt series, and rocks of the Cambrian and all younger geologic systems have been recognized in central Alaska. The structure of the region is known to be complex, but except in local mineral districts, it has not been mapped in detail. Based on the limited amount of available information, the region cannot be regarded as distinctly favorable for significant accumulations of petroleum. However, three pre-Cenozoic provinces, the Yukon-Koyukuk, the Kobuk, and the Kandik, and several large Cenozoic basin provinces may be worthy of further investigation.</p><p>Northern Alaska includes the Brooks Range and all the treeless tundra north to the Arctic Coast, an area of about 125,000 square miles. The presence of oil seeps along the Arctic Coast has been known at least since 1900 and a description of the Cape Simpson oil seeps vas published in 1909. Since then oil and gas seeps have been described from nine localities, and oil shales and oil-bearing sandstones are known from many localities in the Arctic Foothills province. Oil and gas deposits have been discovered and geologic conditions are favorable for oil and gas accumulations in approximately half of the region.</p><p>In 1923 approximately 37,000 square miles in northern Alaska was reserved by Executive order as Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. In 1944 the U. S. Navy began a vast petroleum exploration program which was suspended in 1953. In the years 1945 through 1955, 37 test wells and 45 core tests were drilled on 18 structures. Three oil fields, Umiat, Simpson, and Fish Creek, and two gas fields, South Barrow and Gubik, were discovered. Total reserve estimates for all discoveries of oil to 1955 range from 30 to 100 million barrels, and for gas, from 370 billion to 900 billion cubic feet.</p><p>All northern Alaska, with the exception of the Brooks Range, can be considered a possible petroleum province, but the region can be subdivided into provinces of somewhat different potentialities. These subdivisions roughly correspond with the geomorphic provinces and sections, which in turn reflect differences in geology. The known oil-bearing beds are of Mesozoic age, primarily Cretaceous, and thus the possible petroleum provinces could be designated as Mesozoic. However, Paleozoic and Cenozoic rocks with favorable reservoir characteristics are exposed in the region and possibly underlie, in favorable structural situations, some of the areas as yet not tested.</p><p>The Arctic Coastal Plain province includes gently folded and flat-lying Mesozoic beds that overlie a basement complex of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age. Near the southern edge of this province the basement rocks are at depths of at least 20,000 feet, and to the north these rocks rise to within 2,500 feet of the surface.</p><p>The Teshukpuk Lake section of the Arctic Coastal plain includes many of the known oil seeps; it is the most accessible to sea transportation, and lies almost completely within NPR 4. Thirteen test wells and 35 core tests have been drilled here; one gas field and two (at present, noncommercial) oil fields have been discovered. The possibility of further discoveries may depend largely on locating porous sandstones in stratigraphic rather than anticlinal traps.</p><p>The White Hills section is distinguished topographically from the Teshukpruk section by its white-gravel-covered hills and fever lakes, and geologically by the presence of Tertiary rocks, including 2,000 feet of nonmarine beds in the west and at least 7,000 feet of marine beds to the east, in the vicinity of Carter Creek. This section appears to be more complex structurally. No test wells have been drilled in the White Hills section.</p><p>The Northern Foothills section includes many closed anticlines. Twenty-four test wells and ten core tests have been drilled on 11 structures and two discoveries have been made -the Umiat oil field and the Gubik gas field. All these tests have been drilled in Cretaceous rocks.</p><p>The Southern Foothills section is structurally similar to the Alberta Foothills and to the northern part of the Brooks Range. Great thicknesses of marine shale of Lover Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic age are exposed. The outcropping Mesozoic sandstones are generally poorly sorted, nonporous, and impermeable. To the south the section is bordered by mountainous exposures of Mississippian limestone, which probably underlie at least part of this section.</p><p>The rocks that underlie the deeply eroded complex structures of the Brooks Range include schist, slate, argillite, and limestone. Some exposed limestones have a strong petroleum-like odor and contain traces of petroleum residues.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5772","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.J., Payne, T.G., and Gryc, G., 1957, Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-72, Report: 260 p.; 10 Plates: 47.96 x 35.97 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5772.","productDescription":"Report: 260 p.; 10 Plates: 47.96 x 35.97 inches or 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Don John","contributorId":77120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Thomas G.","contributorId":60653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gryc, George","contributorId":23942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gryc","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39151,"text":"pp292 - 1957 - Geology of the southern Elkhorn Mountains, Jefferson and Broadwater Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:32:11","indexId":"pp292","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"292","title":"Geology of the southern Elkhorn Mountains, Jefferson and Broadwater Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The geology of an area of about 270 square miles in the southern Elkhorn Mountains, west of Townsend in west-central Montana, is described. The mountains in the southern part of the area comprise northward-trending alternating ridges and valleys underlain principally by folded sedimentary rocks. They merge northward into the higher and more rugged main mass of the mountains, which is underlain principally by upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks. The mountaintops are 1,000 to 4,500 feet above the major valleys. </p><p>The sedimentary rocks range in age from Precambrian to Tertiary and the igneous rocks from late Cretaceous to probably middle Tertiary. The oldest rocks are varicolored mudstone, shale, and sandstone of the Belt series of late Precambrian age. They are overlain with slight unconformity by a moderately thick but incomplete section of Paleozoic rocks. The basal Paleozoic formation is the Flathead quartzite of Middle Cambrian age, which is overlain by alternating units of shale and carbonate rock : the Wolsey shale, the Meagher limestone, the Park shale, the Pilgrim dolomite, and the Red Lion formation, all of Cambrian age. A slight erosional unconformity between the Red Lion formation and the Maywood formation of late Devonian age marks a long interval of crustal stability in the area. The Maywood is overlain by the Jefferson dolomite and the Three Forks shale of Late Devonian and Mississippian age, and these in turn are conformably overlain by the Lodgepole and Mission Canyon limestones, a thick carbonate sequence of Mississippian age. A slight erosional unconformity separates the Mission Canyon limestone from the Amsden formation, which probably includes beds of both Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. The Amsden is composed of a heterogeneous assemblage of arenaceous, argillaceous, dolomitic, and calcareous rocks and grades upward into the Quadrant formation of Pennsylvanian age, an alternation of quartzitic sandstone and dolomite. At the top of the Paleozoic section is the Phosphoria formation of Permian age, a thin unit of chert and quartzitic sandstone that contains a few thin phosphate beds. </p><p>The basal Mesozoic unit is the Swift formation of late Jurassic age, a thin calcareous marine sandstone that overlies the Phosphoria with slight erosional unconformity. It is overlain by nonmarine shale and sandstone of the Morrison formation of late Jurassic age and the Kootenai formation of Early Cretaceous age. The Kootenai is overlain, possibly with slight erosional unconformity, by the Colorado formation an assemblage of marine dark shale and siliceous mudstone and nonmarine quartz-chert sandstone. The Colorado formation as here used includes beds of both Early and Late Cretaceous age. The Colorado in places grades upwards into a sequence of feldspathic sandstone and tuff beds here named the Slim&nbsp;Sam formation. Elsewhere within the area, the Slim Sam formation is absent, probably in part owing to erosion and in part nondeposition. Where present, the Slim Sam grades upward into a thick sequence of andesitic and quartz latitic volcanic rocks, comprising tuffs, lapilli tuffs, breccias, welded tuffs and flows, that are here named the Elkhorn Mountains volclinics and are probably entirely of Cretaceous age. Where the Slim Sam formation is absent, the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics rest with angular unconformity on beds as old as the Morrison.&nbsp;</p><p>The pre-Tertiary layered rocks, aggregating more than 15,000 feet in thickness, were folded and intruded by igneous rocks of several types, and the area was uplifted and eroded to a terrain of mature relief, similar to that of the present. During the Oligocene epoch, volcanic sediments with interbreds of nonvolcanic gravel accumulated. These beds were in turn moderately eroded, and gravel of Miocene ( ?) age was deposited in channels within them. Subsequently, probably during the Pliocene epoch, the Tertiary beds were weakly deformed locally, and a pediment was cut across the Tertiary and older rocks in the southern part of the area. Fan gravel, in part of Recent origin and in part older, blankets parts of the pediment. Glacial deposits of at least two stages of Pleistocene glaciation are present in the higher mountains in the northern part of the area. </p><p>The intrusive igneous rocks, except for a few felsite dikes of uncertain age, are divisible into two groups, primarily on the basis of structural relations and secondarily on the basis of composition and fabric. The older group of dioritic and andesitic rocks were intruded in part, if not wholly, prior to the main folding and are similar in chemical and mineralogical composition to the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics. They were probably emplaced throughout the period of volcanism that commenced in late Niobrara time and continued until late Cretaceous time. The younger group consists chiefly of quartzbearing phanerites but includes rocks ranging from gabbro to alaskitic granite and aplite. These rocks were emplaced after the main episode of folding and faulting. The Boulder batholith, composed dominantly of quartz monzonite, is the principal body of this younger group. </p><p>The older igneous rocks metamorphosed the invaded rocks only slightly. In contrast, the younger intrusive bodies, and especially the batholith, altered and recrystallized the country rock in moderately broad belts, changing them to various types of hornfels, calcsilicate rock, marble, and vitreous quartzite. Concomitantly magnetite, garnet, axinite, and other high-temperature replacement minerals formed locally as products of additive metamorphism. </p><p>The pre-Tertiary layered rocks of the southern Elkhorn Mountains are folded into northward-trending folds and are cut by many faults. The sedimentary rocks tend to be more&nbsp;tightly folded than the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics, although both were involved in the major folding. The principal folds of the area from east to west are : a major dome, a complex syncline with several second-order folds, and a remnant of a northward-plunging anticline, the major part of which was engulfed by the batholith. The folded rocks are cut by many faults of small to moderate displacement and by two faults of large displacement. Most of the faults were probably formed by the same forces that produced the folds. The origin of the two major faults, however, is uncertain, and may be related to igneous activity. The batholith crosscuts the folded structure and is in turn cut by small faults. Some parts of the area were elevated along steep normal faults in late Tertiary time.&nbsp;</p><p>The southern part of the Elkhorn Mountains has been mountainous at least since early Oligocene time, and probably began to take form during the Cretaceous. As a consequence of long continued erosion, the modern topography reflects the structure and lithologic character of the underlying rocks except in a few areas blanketed by poorly consolidated Tertiary rocks and in the higher mountains where glaciation has been prominent. </p><p>Silver, lead, zinc, and gold have been produced, either singly or, more typically, as a combination of metals from a number of types of ore deposits. Replacement deposits in carbonate rocks are the most common type, but veins, contact metamorphic deposits, and pipelike bodies of breccia cemented by ore and gangue minerals also are present. The Elkhorn mining district has the largest number of mines and the greatest variety of types of deposits. In the Tizer Basin several narrow goldbearing veins cut andesitic volcanic rocks, and in the southern part of the area sporadic small veins and replacement deposits occur in carbonate rocks. The mines and prospects of the area are described, and some suggestions for future prospecting are outlined. The application of geochemical prospecting techniques may prove of value, judging from the results of reconnaissance soil sampling in the vicinity of the Elkhorn mine. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp292","usgsCitation":"Klepper, M.R., Weeks, R.A., and Ruppel, E.T., 1957, Geology of the southern Elkhorn Mountains, Jefferson and Broadwater Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 292, Report: iv, 82 p.; 7 Plates: 44.48 x 23.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp292.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 82 p.; 7 Plates: 44.48 x 23.48 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351914,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271139,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271143,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271144,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271145,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271146,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271138,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271141,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"31250","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Broadwater County;Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.92,46.12 ], [ -112.92,47.23 ], [ -111.03,47.23 ], [ -111.03,46.12 ], [ -112.92,46.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c79e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klepper, M. R.","contributorId":64278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klepper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, R. A.","contributorId":75914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1347,"text":"wsp1415 - 1957 - Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T21:34:27.121988","indexId":"wsp1415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1415","title":"Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Sufficient water is available in the basin of the Yadkin and Pee Dee Rivers to meet present requirements and those for many years to come if water use increases at about the present rate. Data presented in this report show that the average annual streamflow from approximately 82 percent of the basin area during the 25-year period, 1929-53, was about 6,200 mgd, representing essentially the total available water supply. Comparison of the available water supply to the estimated withdrawal use (excluding water power) of both surface and ground water of 600 mgd indicates the relative utilization of the water resources of the basin at present. If proper pollution controls are observed and practiced so that water in the various streams may be reused several times, the potential water available is even greater than indicated by the above comparison. Preliminary studies indicate that the quantity of water now being withdrawn from ground-water reservoirs in the basin is only a fraction of the total that may be obtained from this source.\r\n\r\nTwenty-eight of the 64 municipalities having public water-supply systems use surface water; however, as the largest cities in the area use surface supplies, about 85 percent of the water used for public supplies is from surface sources.\r\n\r\nOf the 20 complete-record stream-gaging stations now in operation in this area 7 have been in operation for 24 years or longer. Periodic measurements of the rate of flow have been made at 31 additional sites on streams scattered widely over the basin. All available streamflow data including those for 1953 are summarized in either graphic or tabular form, or both. Because of the critically low flows occurring during the drought of 1954, several illustrations include data for 1954 and the early months of 1955 for comparison with the minima of previous years.\r\n\r\nAdequate water for domestic use is available from wells throughout the basin. The consolidated rocks of the Piedmont furnish water for small industries and for municipalities whose population is less than about 1,500. The yields of wells in rock range from less than 1 gpm to as much as 200 gpm with local, rather than regional, geologic factors controlling the yield. The average municipal well in consolidated rocks yields about 30 gpm. In contrast, the sands of the Coastal Plain, in the eastern part of the basin, furnish as much as 500 gpm to individual wells, and ground-water conditions are generally similar throughout that region. A cumulative deficiency in rainfall from 1953 to 1955, has caused ground-water levels to fall below the seasonal averages, but the decline is thought not to indicate a long-term trend. The most serious problem involving future use of ground water is the lack of knowledge of the characteristics of the ground-water provinces in the basin.\r\n\r\nGenerally the chemical quality of the surface waters in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin is good. They are low in mineral matter and soft, although some of the surface water contains excessive quantities of iron. In some local areas the streams have been polluted by municipal and industrial wastes. During periods of high runoff many of the streams transport large quantities of suspended sediment. Tributary streams in the lower eastern part of the basin are highly colored because of drainage from swampy areas.\r\n\r\nGround water from the consolidated rocks in the Piedmont region is more variable in quality than water from other areas in the basin. The dissolved solids in water from the consolidated rocks ranged from 26 to 1,480 ppm with a median of 109 ppm. Wells in the Cretaceous clay province normally yield slightly acid waters. The pH ranges from 4.7 to 7.7 with a median of 5.3. Generally ground water in this province is extremely soft and low in dissolved solids. Wells in the Cretaceous sand province yield a sodium bicarbonate type of water ranging in hardness from 2 to 130 ppm.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1415","usgsCitation":"Fish, R.E., LeGrand, H.E., and Billingsley, G., 1957, Water resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1415, Report: viii, 112 p.; 4 Plates: 15.50 x 15.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1415.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 112 p.; 4 Plates: 15.50 x 15.78 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26419,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26420,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26421,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1415/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410738,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              33.87041555094183\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.98095703125,\n              33.742612777346885\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              33.96158628979907\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.77197265625,\n              34.903952965590065\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.56298828125,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73876953125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              36.26199220445664\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67236328125,\n              36.26199220445664\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.05712890625,\n              35.37113502280101\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703125,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65087890624999,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              33.87041555094183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, Robert Eugene","contributorId":73982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Billingsley, G. A.","contributorId":33694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":56086,"text":"ofr5789 - 1957 - Seventh progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T09:31:00","indexId":"ofr5789","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-89","title":"Seventh progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report is the seventh in a a continuing series of progress reports giving the results of discharge measurements made at selected springs and streams in the Tecolote Tunnel are area of the Santa Ynez  Mountains. The mountains. The measurement program was begun on its present scale in the latter part of 1948 by the Geological Survey at the request of the Santa Barbara County Water Agency and is being continued under a cooperative agreement whereby each agency pays half the cost of the investigation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The purpose of the program is to obtain sufficient factual data to determine what effect, if any, the inflow of ground water into Tecolote Tunnel will have on the flow of springs and streams in the vicinity of the tunnel. The area involved in the study, shown by plate 1, was made large enough to include a number of springs and steams believe to be outside the zone of influence of the tunnel.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Tecolote Tunnel, completed late in 1955, was built by the Bureau of Reclamation for the purpose of conveying water stored in Cachuma Reservoir to the city of Santa Barbara and adjacent coastal communities. The alinement of the tunnel is roughly north and south through the center of the arbitrarily chosen study area which extends from the Painted Cave area on the east to Refugio Pass on the west and from the Santa Ynez River on the North to the Pacific Ocean on the south.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The purpose of this report is to make available the factual data obtained from July 1954 to June 1956, together with a brief presentation of precipitation, springflow, and tunnel outflow for the entire period of investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5789","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Santa Barbara County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Peterson, W.C., 1957, Seventh progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-89, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5789.","productDescription":"138 p.","numberOfPages":"138","temporalStart":"1954-07-01","temporalEnd":"1956-06-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287404,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0089/report.pdf"}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"Tecolote Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.083333,34.633333 ], [ -120.083333,34.416667 ], [ -119.75,34.416667 ], [ -119.75,34.633333 ], [ -120.083333,34.633333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, W. C.","contributorId":57051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56083,"text":"ofr5783 - 1957 - Streamflow East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T16:13:14","indexId":"ofr5783","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-83","title":"Streamflow East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5783","usgsCitation":"Newell, T.R., 1957, Streamflow East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-83, 42 p., 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