We used mist nets and point counts to sample bird populations in 61 sites in Belize during January-March of 1987-1991. Sites were classified as forest, second growth, woody agricultural crops (citrus, mango, cacao, and cashew), or non-woody agricultural crops (rice and sugar cane). We evaluated patterns of occurrence of wintering temperate migrant bird species in these habitats. Mist net captures of 22 of 31 migrant species differed significantly among habitats. Of these, 13 species were captured more frequently in the agricultural habitats. American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), and Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) were among the species captured most frequently in woody agricultural habitats; captures of Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and Northern (lcterus galbula) and Orchard orioles (I. spur/anus) were highest in the non-woody agricultural sites. We relate these occurrence patterns to trends in breeding populations in North America. While count data provide a wide picture of winter habitat distribution of migrants, more intensive work is necessary to assess temporal and geographic variation of migrant bird use of agricultural habitats.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., Robbins, C., and Sauer, J., 1992, Winter habitat occurrence patterns of temperate migrant birds in Belize: El Pitirre (Society of Caribbean Ornithology), v. 5, no. 3, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48fbe4b07f02db55f3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222882,"text":"5222882 - 1992 - Organochlorines and mercury in osprey eggs from the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5222882","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorines and mercury in osprey eggs from the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Organochlorine and mercury concentrations were determined in Osprey eggs collected from Maryland, Virginia, and Massachusetts during 1986-87. DDE concentrations were significantly different among locations. Median DDE concentrations did not decline significantly in eggs from Glenn L. Martin National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, between 1973 and 1986. The median DDE residue for eggs from Martin Refuge in 1986 surpassed the value associated with 10% eggshell thinning, but was below the value associated with production of 1.0 young per active nest, a level assumed to represent a stable population. DDD, DDT, dieldrin, PCB, and mercury residues in all eggs appeared insignificant with regard to potential effects on shell thickness or reproduction. DDE and PCB residues were lower in eggs collected in 1986-87 than in those collected in the 1970s for each area. DDD, DDT, and dieldrin were not detected in Martin Refuge eggs in 1986, representing a significant reduction since 1973. DDD, DDT, and dieldrin levels in Massachusetts and Virginia eggs in 1986-87 were similar to those in eggs from the 1970s for each state. Mercury residues in eggs from Martin Refuge may be increasing and although not significant in this study, may warrant future monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Audet, D., Scott, D., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1992, Organochlorines and mercury in osprey eggs from the eastern United States: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 219-224.","productDescription":"219-224","startPage":"219","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v026n04/p00219-p00224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Audet, D. J.","contributorId":38949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Audet","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, D.S.","contributorId":38247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223578,"text":"5223578 - 1992 - Response of feeder birds to an albino house finch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223578","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of feeder birds to an albino house finch","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1992, Response of feeder birds to an albino house finch: Raven, v. 63, no. 2, p. 78-82.","productDescription":"78-82","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62726e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223706,"text":"5223706 - 1992 - A new lizard of the genus Arthrosaura (Teiidae) from southern Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223706","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new lizard of the genus Arthrosaura (Teiidae) from southern Venezuela","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Donnelly, M., McDiarmid, R., and Myers, C., 1992, A new lizard of the genus Arthrosaura (Teiidae) from southern Venezuela: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 105, no. 4, p. 821-833.","productDescription":"821-833","startPage":"821","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abc63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly, M.A.","contributorId":78845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, C.W.","contributorId":37343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223577,"text":"5223577 - 1992 - Northern rough-winged swallows building nest in semi-trailer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223577","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern rough-winged swallows building nest in semi-trailer","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1992, Northern rough-winged swallows building nest in semi-trailer: Raven, v. 63, no. 2, p. 72-73.","productDescription":"72-73","startPage":"72","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223529,"text":"5223529 - 1992 - The generic name for crested caracaras (Aves: Falconiformes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223529","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The generic name for crested caracaras (Aves: Falconiformes)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., and Dove, C., 1992, The generic name for crested caracaras (Aves: Falconiformes): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 105, no. 3, p. 420-425.","productDescription":"420-425","startPage":"420","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dove, C.J.","contributorId":31867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dove","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222840,"text":"5222840 - 1992 - [Book review] Practical incubation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:22:02.09422","indexId":"5222840","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2532,"text":"Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Practical incubation","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","doi":"10.2307/30136978","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 1992, [Book review] Practical incubation: Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, v. 6, no. 4, p. 241-242, https://doi.org/10.2307/30136978.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222931,"text":"5222931 - 1992 - Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:34:54","indexId":"5222931","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Small mammals were live-trapped in pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) habitats near San Francisco Bay, California in order to measure the uptake of several contaminants and to evaluate the potential effects of these contaminants on the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris). Tissues of house mice (Mus musculus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and California voles (Microtus californicus) from nine sites were analyzed for chemical contaminants including mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of contaminants differed significantly among sites and species. Mean concentrations at sites where uptake was greatest were less than maximum means for the same or similar species recorded elsewhere. Harvest mice (Reithrodontomys spp.) were captured only at sites where concentrations of mercury or PCBs were below specific levels in house mice. Additional studies aimed at the protection of the salt marsh harvest mouse are suggested. These include contaminant feeding studies in the laboratory as well as field monitoring of surrogate species and community structure in salt marsh harvest mouse habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212559","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Foerster, K., Marn, C.M., and Hothem, R.L., 1992, Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 389-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212559.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -121.89193725585936,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -121.89193725585936,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foerster, K.S.","contributorId":10753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foerster","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marn, C. M.","contributorId":15131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222745,"text":"5222745 - 1992 - Fifty-fifth Christmas Bird Count. 159. Ocean City, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5222745","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:52","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifty-fifth Christmas Bird Count. 159. Ocean City, Md","docAbstract":"The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris' hawk's wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coefficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000-194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the `Airfoil-ii? program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or fully turbulent in most observations and separated in some, possibly as an active means of creating drag for control purposes. It appears that the bird could momentarily either increase or decrease the profile drag of specific parts of the wing, by active changes of shape, and it appeared to use the carpo-metacarpal region especially for such control movements. Further investigation in a low turbulence wind tunnel would help to resolve doubts about the possible influence of airstream turbulence on the behaviour of the boundary layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4307_Pennycuick.pdf","usgsCitation":"Pennycuick, C., Heine, C., Kirkpatrick, S., and Fuller, M., 1992, Fifty-fifth Christmas Bird Count. 159. Ocean City, Md: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 165, no. 1, p. 1-19.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, C.E.","contributorId":52679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heine","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirkpatrick, S.J.","contributorId":6549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224103,"text":"5224103 - 1992 - New and noteworthy bird records from Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T14:48:11","indexId":"5224103","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1117,"text":"Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New and noteworthy bird records from Belize","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Howell, S., Dowell, B., James, D., Behrstock, R., and Robbins, C., 1992, New and noteworthy bird records from Belize: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, v. 112, no. 4, p. 235-244.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270581,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123709#page/543/mode/1up"}],"volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, S.N.G.","contributorId":10905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"S.N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, D.A.","contributorId":108225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behrstock, R.A.","contributorId":56766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrstock","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017288,"text":"70017288 - 1992 - Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:57:24.854706","indexId":"70017288","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications","docAbstract":"A 47- to 60-mm-thick Fe-Mn crust from Horizon Guyot (water depth 1800–1780 m), central Pacific, was used to evaluate the potential of crusts as recorders of Neogene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions. The chemical composition was determined by microprobe for 16 elements from a polished thin section. Three analyses were made per millimeter and averaged to give the composition of each millimeter. The age of the crust was determined by measuring the strontium isotope composition of the crust and comparing it with the Tertiary seawater curve. The crust represents 18.5 m.y. of growth of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The crust is composed of alternating botryoidal and laminated layers. The botryoidal layers formed during the same time intervals that widespread Neogene deep-sea hiatuses were forming in bottom sediments. The botryoidal layers represent growth during times of intensified deepwater flow, whereas the laminated intervals represent more quiescent conditions. The correspondence between the botryoidal layers and the Neogene hiatuses is so strong that we were able to choose a variable growth rate model over a constant growth rate model for the crust. Chemical changes in the crust take two forms. The first is represented by broad changes in the composition defined chiefly by fourth-order polynomial fits to the chemical profiles of each element with depth in the crust. The second is high-frequency changes in composition. The broader changes occurred primarily at about 15, 11.5, 7.4, 6.4, 5.2, and 4.6 Ma, which may correlate with major changes in paleoceanographic circulation and development of ice caps at the poles. The periods of the high-frequency changes may reflect climatic changes that resulted from orbital forcing. These high-frequency changes may correspond to the high-order eccentricity periods of 3.47, 2.04, and 1.31 m.y.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91PA02936","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Bohrson, W., Schulz, M.S., Noble, M., and Clague, D., 1992, Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1029/91PA02936.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc18fe4b08c986b32a646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5230219,"text":"5230219 - 1992 - An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:56:36","indexId":"5230219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","docAbstract":"Regression equations that use mensural data to estimate body condition have been developed for several water birds. These equations often have been based on data that represent different sexes, age classes, or seasons, without being adequately tested for intergroup differences. We used proximate carcass analysis of 538 adult and juvenile canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria ) collected during fall migration, winter, and spring migrations in 1975-76 and 1982-85 to test regression methods for estimating body condition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Barzen, J., Lovvorn, J., and Serie, J., 1992, An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds: Biological Report 3, iii, 11 p.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA322754","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barzen, J.A.","contributorId":28939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barzen","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovvorn, J.R.","contributorId":11165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5230222,"text":"5230222 - 1992 - DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T16:10:20","indexId":"5230222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"186","title":"DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., and Delnicki, D., 1992, DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats: Resource Publication 186, iii, 7 p.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delnicki, Don","contributorId":23651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delnicki","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230226,"text":"5230226 - 1992 - Trends and management of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T15:37:41","indexId":"5230226","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"181","title":"Trends and management of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota","docAbstract":"The nature and extent of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota during 1975-86 was studied as part of a wolf depredation control program. The level of wolf (Canis lupus) depredation on livestock in Minnesota, as determined from the total number of complaints verified annually during 1975-86, showed a slight upward trend but did not increase significantly. A significant portion of the annual variation in verified complaints-perhaps the best index on severity of the depredation problem was explained by variation in severity of the winter before the depredation season (inverse relation). The addition of a time variable did not account for a significant portion of the remaining variation. Verified complaints of depredations averaged 30 per year, affecting an average of 21 farms (0.33% of producers) annually. Conflicts were highly seasonal and involved primarily cattle (mainly calves), sheep, and domestic turkeys. Annual variation in losses of sheep and turkeys was higher than for cattle. In recent years, sheep and turkey losses in two northwestern counties have increased; preventive control may be warranted in those areas. Site-specific trapping and removal of wolves in response to depredations was the primary control method, resulting in captures of 437 wolves in 12 depredation seasons. For the wolf range as a whole, no relation was found between wolf removal and subsequent depredation rates; however, wolf removal seemed to reduce depredations locally at some farms. When adults and yearlings were removed, no subsequent losses occurred in about 55% of instances; removal of young of the year reduced losses in 22%. Removal of breeding wolves did not reduce the incidence of subsequent losses more than removal of nonbreeding adults and yearlings did. The low number of conflicts for 1975-86 was remarkable considering the frequent contact between wolves and livestock. However, an update of complaints for 1987-89 revealed a definite upward trend in depredations (Epilogue). Improvements in farm management practices may reduce the present number of conflicts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Fritts, S.H., Paul, W., Mech, L., and Scott, D., 1992, Trends and management of wolf-livestock conflicts in Minnesota: Resource Publication 181, iii, 27 p.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, S. H.","contributorId":50233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, D.P.","contributorId":30744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5200115,"text":"5200115 - 1992 - Status and Assessment of Chesapeake Bay Wildlife Contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":403,"text":"Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"CBP/TRS 80/92, 903-R-92-100","title":"Status and Assessment of Chesapeake Bay Wildlife Contamination","docAbstract":"As an integral component of its priority setting process, the Chesapeake Bay Program`s Toxics Subcommittee has sought the expertise of Chesapeake Bay researchers and managers in developing a series of Chesapeake Bay toxics status and assessment papers. In the report, evidence for historical and current contaminant effects on key bird species, mammals, reptiles and amphibians which inhabit the Chesapeake Bay basin is examined. For each group of wildlife species, a general overview of effects caused by specific toxic substances is followed by detailed accounts of contaminant effects on selected species. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"NTIS order No. PB93-167559","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Wiemeyer, S.N., Clark, D.R., Albers, P., Henry, P., and Batiuk, R., 1992, Status and Assessment of Chesapeake Bay Wildlife Contamination: Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program CBP/TRS 80/92, 903-R-92-100, 32 pages.","productDescription":"32 pages","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e12d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, P.","contributorId":91599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batiuk, R.A.","contributorId":16550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiuk","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200118,"text":"5200118 - 1992 - Effects of aerial applications of esfenvalerate on small mammals and birds in Douglas-fir seed orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Forest Pest Management Report No. R6-91-05.","title":"Effects of aerial applications of esfenvalerate on small mammals and birds in Douglas-fir seed orchards","docAbstract":"Although no adverse effects were documented, this study did not provide data sufficient to adequately test for effects of aerial spraying of esfenvalerate on small mammal populations or nesting of birds in Douglas-fir seed orchards. Small mammal trapping data were too sparse to provide statistical testing with reasonable power. Residues of the R and S forms of fenvalerate were low with maxima of 0.56 and 1.72 ?g/g, respectively in pelage of a deer mouse. No diagnostic residue data are available to interpret our results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.","collaboration":" PDF on file: 4194_Blus OCR.pdf","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Rice, C., and Grove, R.A., 1992, Effects of aerial applications of esfenvalerate on small mammals and birds in Douglas-fir seed orchards, 17 + 5 tables.","productDescription":"17 + 5 tables","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, C.P.","contributorId":81065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5200207,"text":"5200207 - 1992 - The mating behavior of Iguana iguana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200207","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":214,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 534","title":"The mating behavior of Iguana iguana","docAbstract":"Over a 19 month period I observed the social behaviors of individually recognized green iguanas, Iguana iguana, at three sites in the llanos of Venezuela. The behavior of iguanas outside the mating season differed from that seen during the mating season in three major ways: (1) during normal waking hours outside the breeding season, adult iguanas spent the majority of time immobile, apparently resting; (2) their interactions involved fewer high intensity displays; and (3) their day to day movements were often nomadic. During the mating season, one site was watched continuously during daylight hours (iguanas sleep throughout the night), allowing a complete count of all copulation attempts (N = 250) and territorial interactions. At all sites, dominant males controlled access to small mating territories. Within the territories there did not appear to be any resources needed by females or their offspring. Thus, females could choose mates directly on the basis of male phenotype. Females aggregated in the mating territories of the largest males and mated preferentially with them. Territorial males copulated only once per day, although on several occasions more than one resident female was receptive on the same day. A few small nonterritorial males exhibited pseudofemale behavior (i.e., they abstained from sexual competition), but most nonterritorial males stayed on the periphery of mating territories and attempted to force copulations on unguarded females (peripheral male behavior). Uncooperative females were mounted by as many as three males simultaneously. Females resisted 95% of the 200 observed mating attempts by peripheral males, but only 56% of the attempts by territorial males (N = 43). The selectivity of the females probably increased the genetic representation of the territorial males in the next generation. During the mating season females maintained a dominance hierarchy among themselves. Low ranked females tended to be excluded from preferred mating territories. In this system, both sexes may be subjected to sexual selection. I hypothesize that the ecological factors responsible for the unusual mating system are related to the lack of defendable resources, the iguana's folivory, and the high density of iguanas present in preferred mating areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., 1992, The mating behavior of Iguana iguana: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 534, 40.","productDescription":"40","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92154,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0534.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b493f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200120,"text":"5200120 - 1992 - Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:47:40","indexId":"5200120","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 25 ; Biological Report 4","title":"Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Diflubenzuron (1(4chlorophenyl)3(2,6difluorobenzoyl)urea), also known as dimilin, is a potent broad spectrum insect growth regulator that interferes with chitin synthesis at time of molting and is effective in controlling immature stages of insects. Diflubenzuron was approved for domestic use in 1976 to control gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), and in 1979 against the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). By 1989 this compound was also registered for domestic use against mosquitos, forest Lepidoptera, mushroom flies, and leaf-eating insect pests of citrus, woody ornamentals, vegetables, and fruit. Diflubenzuron seldom persists for more than a few days in soil and water. When used properly in forest management, it is unlikely to be leached into ground water from the application site. Degradation in water and soil is most rapid when small particle formulations are applied; microorganisms are abundant; and at elevated pH, temperature, and organic loading. Chemical and biological processes initially yield 2,6difluorobenzoic acid and 4chlorophenylurea. 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