{"pageNumber":"4178","pageRowStart":"104425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":70015697,"text":"70015697 - 1989 - Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:13:30","indexId":"70015697","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Intercepted intracell flow, especially if cell includes water table recharge and a stream ((sink), can result in significant model error if not accounted for. A procedure utilizing net flow per cell (</span><i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>) that accounts for intercepted intracell flow can be used for both steady state and transient simulations. Germane to the procedure is the determination of the ratio of area of influence of the interior sink to the area of the cell (</span><i>A</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>/</span><i>A</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>).<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>A</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the area in which water table recharge has the potential to be intercepted by the sink. Determining<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>A</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>/</span><i>A</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>requires either a detailed water table map or observation of stream conditions within the cell. A proportioning parameter<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>, which is equal to 1 or slightly less and is a function of cell geometry, is used to determine how much of the water that has potential for interception is intercepted by the sink within the cell. Also germane to the procedure is the determination of the flow across the streambed (</span><i>F</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>), which is not directly a function of cell size, due to difference in head between the water level in the stream and the potentiometric surface of the aquifer underlying the streambed. The use of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for steady state simulations allows simulation of water levels without utilizing head-dependent or constant head boundary conditions which tend to constrain the model-calculated water levels, an undesirable result if a comparison of measured and calculated water levels is being made. Transient simulations of streams usually utilize a head-dependent boundary condition and a leakance value to model a stream. Leakance values for each model cell can be determined from a steady state simulation, which used the net flow per cell procedure. For transient simulation,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>would not include<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>F</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>. Also, for transient simulation it is necessary to check<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>at different time intervals because<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>A</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>/</span><i>A</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are not constant and change with time. The procedure was used successfully in two different models of the aquifer system in the Ozarks. The use of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>F</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was essential to the two model studies because most model cells in both models contained water table recharge and multiple sinks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i004p00677","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Signor, D.C., and Imes, J.L., 1989, Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 677-684, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i004p00677.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ee4b0c8380cd47404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signor, Donald C.","contributorId":13220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signor","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015085,"text":"70015085 - 1989 - Aqueous chlorination of resorcinol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T16:55:51.354435","indexId":"70015085","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous chlorination of resorcinol","docAbstract":"<p><span>An investigation of the aqueous chlorination (NaOCl) of resorcinol is reported. The following intermediates were detected in moderate to high yield at different pH values and varying percentages of chlorination: 2-chloro-, 4-chloro-, 2,4-dichloro-, 4,6-dichloro- and 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol. Only trace amounts of the intermediates were detected when the chlorination was conducted in the presence of phosphate buffer. This result has significant implications since resorcinol in phosphate buffer has been used as a model compound in several recent studies on the formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons during chlorination of drinking water. Relative rates of chlorination were determined for resorcinol and several of the chlorinated resorcinols. Resorcinol was found to chlorinate only three times faster than 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol. The structure 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol was established as a monohydrate even after sublimation. A tetrachloro or pentachloro intermediate was not detected, suggesting that the ring-opening step of such an intermediate must be rapid.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620081208","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Heasley, V., Burns, M., Kemalyan, N., Mckee, T., Schroeter, H., Teegarden, B., Whitney, S., and Wershaw, R., 1989, Aqueous chlorination of resorcinol: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1159-1163, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620081208.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1163","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed15e4b0c8380cd49600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heasley, V.L.","contributorId":10556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasley","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, M.D.","contributorId":88883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemalyan, N.A.","contributorId":39942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemalyan","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mckee, T.C.","contributorId":47089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckee","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeter, H.","contributorId":39528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeter","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Teegarden, B.R.","contributorId":94440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teegarden","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitney, S.E.","contributorId":83671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70015491,"text":"70015491 - 1989 - Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015491","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program","docAbstract":"The main objective in seismic instrumentation of structures is to facilitate response studies that lead to improved understanding of the dynamic behavior and the potential for damage to structures under seismic loading. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to review the status of the programs for strong-motion instrumentation of structures in the United States and discuss various procedures and instrumentation schemes designed to best acquire response data from buildings and (2) to discuss preliminary results derived from recorded response data obtained from a well-instrumented structure during the recent Whittier Narrows earthquake of October 1, 1987 (M3 = 5.6).","conferenceTitle":"Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice","conferenceDate":"1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627012","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Safak, E., and Maley, R., 1989, Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program, Seismic Engineering: Research and Practice, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1 May 1989 through 5 May 1989, p. 247-256.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e5e4b08c986b31a18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maley, R.","contributorId":87929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015490,"text":"70015490 - 1989 - Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T16:45:50.634223","indexId":"70015490","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis","docAbstract":"A set of seven-parameter regression equations was developed for estimating flood discharges at ungaged areas. The regression equations can be used to estimate urban flood discharges throughout the United States for recurrence intervals from 2 through 500 years. The average standard errors of regression range from 37 percent for the 5-year flood to 49 percent for the 500-year flood. Flood hydrographs representing average, or typical, runoff conditions can be estimated by using a dimensionless hydrograph technique. The dimensionless hydrograph is used to simulate a flood hydrograph by using two parameters - the design peak discharge and the basin lagtime.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic engineering: 3rd national conference: Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"August 14-18, 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1989, Urban flood frequency and hydrograph analysis, <i>in</i> Hydraulic engineering: 3rd national conference: Papers, New Orleans, LA, August 14-18, 1989, p. 379-385.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe0de4b08c986b3293bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015489,"text":"70015489 - 1989 - Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015489","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity","docAbstract":"During 11 sequences of earthquakes that in retrospect can be classed as foreshocks, the accelerating rate at which seismic moment is released follows, at least in part, a simple equation. This equation (1) is {Mathematical expression},where {Mathematical expression} is the cumulative sum until time, t, of the square roots of seismic moments of individual foreshocks computed from reported magnitudes;C and n are constants; and tfis a limiting time at which the rate of seismic moment accumulation becomes infinite. The possible time of a major foreshock or main shock, tf,is found by the best fit of equation (1), or its integral, to step-like plots of {Mathematical expression} versus time using successive estimates of tfin linearized regressions until the maximum coefficient of determination, r2,is obtained. Analyzed examples include sequences preceding earthquakes at Cremasta, Greece, 2/5/66; Haicheng, China 2/4/75; Oaxaca, Mexico, 11/29/78; Petatlan, Mexico, 3/14/79; and Central Chile, 3/3/85. In 29 estimates of main-shock time, made as the sequences developed, the errors in 20 were less than one-half and in 9 less than one tenth the time remaining between the time of the last data used and the main shock. Some precursory sequences, or parts of them, yield no solution. Two sequences appear to include in their first parts the aftershocks of a previous event; plots using the integral of equation (1) show that the sequences are easily separable into aftershock and foreshock segments. Synthetic seismic sequences of shocks at equal time intervals were constructed to follow equation (1), using four values of n. In each series the resulting distributions of magnitudes closely follow the linear Gutenberg-Richter relation log N=a-bM, and the product n times b for each series is the same constant. In various forms and for decades, equation (1) has been used successfully to predict failure times of stressed metals and ceramics, landslides in soil and rock slopes, and volcanic eruptions. Results of more recent experiments and theoretical studies on crack propagation, fault mechanics, and acoustic emission can be closely reproduced by equation (1). Rate-process theory and continuum damage mechanics offer leads toward understanding the physical processes. ?? 1989 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00881603","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Varnes, D.J., 1989, Predicting earthquakes by analyzing accelerating precursory seismic activity: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 130, no. 4, p. 661-686, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603.","startPage":"661","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881603"},{"id":224040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b4e4b0c8380cd7b6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015087,"text":"70015087 - 1989 - Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean Orogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T18:31:55.83867","indexId":"70015087","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean Orogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Early Proterozoic Penokean Orogen developed along the southern margin of the Archean Superior craton. The orogen consists of a northern deformed continental margin prism overlying an Archean basement and a southern assemblage of oceanic arcs, the Wisconsin magmatic terranes. The south-dipping Niagara fault (suture) zone separates the south-facing continental margin from the accreted arc terranes. The suture zone contains a dismembered ophiolite.The Wisconsin magmatic terranes consist of two terranes that are distinguished on the basis of lithology and structure. The northern Pembine–Wausau terrane contains a major succession of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks deposited in the interval 1860–1889 Ma and a more restricted succession of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks deposited about 1835 – 1845 Ma. Granitoid rocks ranging in age from about 1870 to 1760 Ma intrude the volcanic rocks. The older succession was generated as island arcs and (or) closed back-arc basins above the south-dipping subduction zone (Niagara fault zone), whereas the younger one developed as island arcs above a north-dipping subduction zone, the Eau Pleine shear zone. The northward subduction followed deformation related to arc–continent collision at the Niagara suture at about 1860 Ma. The southern Marshfield terrane contains remnants of mafic to felsic volcanic rocks about 1860 Ma that were deposited on Archean gneiss basement, foliated tonalite to granite bodies ranging in age from about 1890 to 1870 Ma, and younger undated granite plutons. Following amalgamation of the two arc terranes along the Eau Pleine suture at about 1840 Ma, intraplate magmatism (1835 Ma) produced rhyolite and anorogenic alkali-feldspar granite that straddled the internal suture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e89-180","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Van Schmus, W.R., Schulz, K.J., and Peterman, Z.E., 1989, Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean Orogen: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2145-2158, https://doi.org/10.1139/e89-180.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.38101796315155,\n              46.772476394321046\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.38101796315155,\n              43.72975596682312\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.68543949566828,\n              43.72975596682312\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.68543949566828,\n              46.772476394321046\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.38101796315155,\n              46.772476394321046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba491e4b08c986b320436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Schmus, W. R.","contributorId":83114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Schmus","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015042,"text":"70015042 - 1989 - Graphical method for determining the coefficient of consolidation c from a flow-pump permeability test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T17:46:47.958628","indexId":"70015042","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1824,"text":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graphical method for determining the coefficient of consolidation c from a flow-pump permeability test","docAbstract":"<p><span>A graphical method has been developed for determining the coefficient of consolidation from the transient phases of a flow-pump permeability test. The flow pump can be used to infuse fluid into or withdraw fluid from a laboratory sediment specimen at a constant volumetric rate in order to obtain data that can be used to calculate permeability using Darcy's law. When the initial transient-response curve (hydraulic head as a function of time) generated by this test is examined analytically in terms of a one-dimensional consolidation process, representative type-curve solutions to the associated forced-flow and pressure-decay models are derived. These curves provide the basis for graphically evaluating the permeability&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><span>, the coefficient of consolidation&nbsp;</span><i>c<sub>v</sub></i><span>, and the coefficient of volume change&nbsp;</span><i>m<sub>v</sub></i><span>. The curve-matching technique is easy and rapid, and it can be applied to results of forced-flow tests, both infusion and withdrawal, as well as to subsequent pressure-decay records. Values of&nbsp;</span><i>k, c<sub>v</sub></i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>m<sub>v</sub></i><span>&nbsp;for a laterally confined kaolinite specimen were determined by this graphical method and appear to be in reasonably good agreement with numerically derived estimates (within 20%). Discrepancies between the two sets of results seem to be largely a function of data quality rather than of method of analysis. Where responses of hydraulic head as a function of time are apparently unaffected by experimental sources of error, agreement is excellent (within 4%). Application of this graphical method to triaxial testing has inherent uncertainties, because the solution curves that describe one-dimensional deformation are used to analyze a three-dimensional process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","doi":"10.1520/GTJ10989J","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Olsen, H.W., Nelson, K.R., and Gill, J.D., 1989, Graphical method for determining the coefficient of consolidation c from a flow-pump permeability test: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 302-307, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10989J.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29d3e4b0c8380cd5ac84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Harold W.","contributorId":28985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Karl R.","contributorId":63538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, James D.","contributorId":52729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015044,"text":"70015044 - 1989 - Lead and cadmium associated with saltwater intrusion in a New Jersey aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:22:36","indexId":"70015044","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead and cadmium associated with saltwater intrusion in a New Jersey aquifer system","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected ground-water samples from the upper and middle aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in a 400-square-mile area of New Jersey from 1984 through 1986. Concentrations of lead were greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 micrograms per liter in water from 16 to 239 wells. The concentrations of cadmium were greater than the MCL of 10 micrograms per liter in water from 10 to 241 wells. One-half of the wells that exceeded the lead MCL were in known areas of saltwater intrusion, as were all 10 wells that exceeded the cadmium MCL. The association of elevated concentrations of these metals with elevated concentrations of chloride indicates a mechanism related to saltwater intrusion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01339.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., Harriman, D.A., Ervin, E.M., Bratton, L., and Gordon, A., 1989, Lead and cadmium associated with saltwater intrusion in a New Jersey aquifer system: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1267-1272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01339.x.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267745,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01339.x"},{"id":223961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45aae4b0c8380cd6746b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, Amleto A. Jr.","contributorId":86494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"Amleto","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harriman, Douglas A.","contributorId":70544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harriman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ervin, Elisabeth M.","contributorId":28377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bratton, Lisa lbratton@usgs.gov","contributorId":362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"Lisa","email":"lbratton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gordon, Alison","contributorId":12205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015487,"text":"70015487 - 1989 - Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T13:46:36.702455","indexId":"70015487","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>More than 220 large landslides along the bluffs bordering the Mississippi alluvial plain between Cairo, Ill., and Memphis, Tenn., are analyzed by discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression to determine the relative effects of slope height and steepness, stratigraphic variation, slope aspect, and proximity to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 New Madrid, Mo., earthquakes on the distribution of these landslides. Three types of landslides are analyzed: (1) old, coherent slumps and block slides, which have eroded and revegetated features and no active analogs in the area; (2) old earth flows, which are also eroded and revegetated; and (3) young rotational slumps, which are present only along near-river bluffs, and which are the only young, active landslides in the area. Discriminant analysis shows that only one characteristic differs significantly between bluffs with and without young rotational slumps: failed bluffs tend to have sand and clay at their base, which may render them more susceptible to fluvial erosion. Bluffs having old coherent slides are significantly higher, steeper, and closer to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 earthquakes than bluffs without these slides. Bluffs having old earth flows are likewise higher and closer to the earthquake hypocenters. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the distribution of young rotational slumps is affected most strongly by slope steepness: about one-third of the variation in the distribution is explained by variations in slope steepness. The distribution of old coherent slides and earth flows is affected most strongly by slope height, but the proximity to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 earthquakes also significantly affects the distribution. The results of the statistical analyses indicate that the only recently active landsliding in the area is along actively eroding river banks, where rotational slumps formed as bluffs are undercut by the river. The analyses further indicate that the old coherent slides and earth flows in the area are spatially related to the 1811-12 earthquake hypocenters and were thus probably triggered by those earthquakes. These results are consistent with findings of other recent investigations of landslides in the area that presented field, historical, and analytical evidence to demonstrate that old landslides in the area formed during the 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes. Results of the multiple linear regression can also be used to approximate the relative susceptibility of the bluffs in the study area to seismically induced landsliding.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0013-7952(89)90044-6","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., and Keefer, D.K., 1989, Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky: Engineering Geology, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 509-542, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(89)90044-6.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.52812986039102,\n              34.97478273364989\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22100095414115,\n              34.97478273364989\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22100095414115,\n              37.40389220228255\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52812986039102,\n              37.40389220228255\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52812986039102,\n              34.97478273364989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9711e4b08c986b31b86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015099,"text":"70015099 - 1989 - A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:33:15.685231","indexId":"70015099","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data","docAbstract":"<p>A reliable method for collection, display, and analysis of low-frequency geophysical data from isolated sites, which can be throughout North and South America and the Pacific Rim, has been developed for use with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system. Geophysical data primarily intended for earthquake hazard and crustal deformation monitoring are digitized with either 12-bit or 16-bit resolution and transmitted every 10 min through a satellite link to a bank of UNIX-based computers in Menlo Park, California. There the data are available for analysis and display within a few seconds of their transmit time. This system provides real-time monitoring of crustal deformation parameters such as tilt, strain, fault displacement, local magnetic field, crustal geochemistry, and water levels, as well as meteorological and other parameters, along faults in California and Alaska, and in volcanic regions in the western United States, Rabaul, and other locations in the New Britain region of the South Pacific. Various mathematical, statistical, and graphical algorithms process the incoming data to detect changes in crustal deformation and fault slip that may indicate the first stages of catastrophic fault failure. Alert trigger levels based on physical models, signal resolution, and previous history have been defined for particular instrument types. Computer-driven remote paging and mail systems are used to notify appropriate personnel when alarm status is reached. The system supports continuous historical records of low-frequency geophysical data, software for extensive analysis of these data, and programs for modeling fault rupture with and without seismic radiation, as well as providing an environment for real-time attempts at earthquake prediction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790010189","usgsCitation":"Silverman, S., Mortensen, C., and Johnston, M., 1989, A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 1, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790010189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e579e4b0c8380cd46d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mortensen, C.","contributorId":67938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.","contributorId":88091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015101,"text":"70015101 - 1989 - A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:30:44.536153","indexId":"70015101","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using the region of the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea, we systematically compare the results of two independent finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics. The model intercomparison provides a means for increasing our understanding of the relevant physical processes in the region in question as well as a means for the evaluation of certain algorithmic procedures of the two models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Werner, F., 1989, A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set: Advances in Water Resources, v. 12, no. 4, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(89)90022-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"English Channel, North Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -4.238806932442344,\n              50.3556778594193\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.9245012541310302,\n              48.66277868215653\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.5055163001223946,\n              48.574893516299596\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.4847440767553621,\n              48.6715886582364\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.8533138209136837,\n              49.60324666326741\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.4026293805001444,\n              49.72763916601804\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.0403923729954272,\n              49.361900650268126\n            ],\n            [\n              0.0760210104153316,\n              49.44574669262283\n            ],\n            [\n              1.635796455450702,\n              50.222298286305914\n            ],\n            [\n              1.6665015413279889,\n              50.81452541862126\n            ],\n            [\n              3.5093411208896157,\n              51.37983407219363\n            ],\n            [\n              4.804229577841227,\n              53.015076989967184\n            ],\n            [\n              1.6199525098326717,\n              52.97597192513564\n            ],\n            [\n              1.684066477339286,\n              52.08219845138507\n            ],\n            [\n              0.7492061298781039,\n              51.370324917871756\n            ],\n            [\n              1.353208831024574,\n              51.37760627718626\n            ],\n            [\n              1.196391279270017,\n              50.86401998692878\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.0133227594474192,\n              50.68434713349774\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.8189956791787267,\n              50.60383129051692\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.584590994819706,\n              50.546533664650156\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.067986178446631,\n              50.633245929843326\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.7034293402499543,\n              50.22220283072102\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.238806932442344,\n              50.3556778594193\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ae4b0c8380cd4605b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Francisco","contributorId":236916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7223,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":370074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015302,"text":"70015302 - 1989 - Debris is not a cheese: litter in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015302","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris is not a cheese: litter in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"An 18-month study of six Louisiana beaches determined the extent, composition, and possible sources of beach litter. Data showed that from 2590 to 23,154 items may be encountered along any one-mile stretch of Louisiana beach, depending upon location and season, and that densities of litter ranged from 5 to 28 items per 100 m2. Plastics constituted 47% of the total, followed by polystyrene at 16% and glass at 10%. Drink-related items accounted for 40% of the identifiable material; operational wastes, 21%; galley wastes, 15%; personal items, 11%; and fishing items, 6%. Litter laws already exist at state and federal levels. Strict enforcement of Annex V of MARPOL should significantly reduce plastic beach litter. Solutions to beach litter will come from public participation in adopt-a-beach programs and statewide clean-ups and from educational programs focusing on existing laws, proper disposal methods, recycling, and the threat litter poses to wildlife and public health.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '89: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Lindstedt, D.M., and Holmes, J.C., 1989, Debris is not a cheese: litter in coastal Louisiana, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 2, no. pt2, Charleston, SC, USA, 11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989, p. 1297-1310.","startPage":"1297","endPage":"1310","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"pt2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf4e4b0c8380cd4ea23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindstedt, Dianne M.","contributorId":90473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstedt","given":"Dianne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Joseph C. Jr.","contributorId":90883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015486,"text":"70015486 - 1989 - Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T16:17:54.986838","indexId":"70015486","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations","docAbstract":"A stable isotope-dilution method using resonance ionization mass spectrometry is suitable for the determination of rhenium and osmium abundances and osmium isotopic composition in carbonaceous chondrites and iron meteorites. The chemical procedure involves sodium peroxide fusion, followed by distillation of osmium from sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide and subsequent anion-exchange separation of rhenium from the same solution. ?? 1989.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81904-2","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Walker, R.J., 1989, Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 222, no. 1, p. 291-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81904-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa8e4b0c8380cd646e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Richard J.","contributorId":117844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015485,"text":"70015485 - 1989 - Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:22:14.53745","indexId":"70015485","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden","docAbstract":"<p>Models describing the development of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, prior to the present periods of sea-floor spreading, include those that use block faulting on steep normal faults, uniform diffuse shear in continental crust, simple shear on large detachment faults that cut the entire lithosphere, combinations involving detachment faults/ductile deformation/plutonic inflation, and ones that minimize the role of mechanical extension in favor of an earlier stage of sea-floor spreading. Geologic and geophysical studies from the Arabian continental margin in the southern Red Sea and LANDSAT analysis of the northern Somalia margin in the Gulf of Aden suggest that the early continental rifts were long narrow features that formed by extension on closely spaced normal faults above moderate- to shallow-dipping detachments with break-away zones defining one rift flank and root zones under the opposing rift flank. The rift flanks presently form the opposing continental margins across each ocean basin. The detachment on the Arabian margin dips gently to the west, with a breakaway zone now eroded above the deeply dissected terrain of the Arabian escarpment. The Arabian detachment projects westward to middle crustal levels beneath the sediment of the southern Red Sea coastal plain. Strata in the upper plate dip as steeply as 60° to the west, and the beds are repeated by numerous planar and listric normal faults that dip to the east. Most of the faults truncate downward at the detachment. Thus, the upper plate is highly extended and the rocks in its eastern part have been translated about 20 km westward and 21/2- to 5-km downward relative to the rest of Arabia. A prominent detachment surface, with a north dip, is evident in northernmost Somalia where it breaks away north of the Somalian escarpment in an otherwise undeformed section of cratonic strata of Jurassic to Eocene age. The upper plate of the Somalian detachment consists of a highly faulted collage of the cratonic strata. This fault projects to middle crustal levels in the opposing Arabian margin to the northeast.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(89)80046-6","issn":"08995362","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., 1989, Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 8, no. 2-4, p. 589-602, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(89)80046-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cf2e4b08c986b31d54e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015484,"text":"70015484 - 1989 - The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T13:40:24","indexId":"70015484","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The scarcity of both extension and compression features on the Moon strongly constrains the history of the lunar radius—to variations of less than ±1 km over the past 3.8 Gyr. This limit has traditionally been interpreted as requiring a delicate balance between thermal contraction of the near‐surface and expansion of a substantial cold interior region. Recent theories of lunar origin (e.g., giant impact), in contrast, favor a “hot” initial state. We propose that a reconciliation may be possible by taking account of the volume change Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;due to differentiation. We calculate STP densities based on simplified normative mineralogies for a suite of estimates of the bulk lunar composition, of primary lunar basalt, and of the residuum left when the maximum amount of the latter is extracted from the former. Typically Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;≃ 2 to 5%—an expansion equivalent to heating by ∼10</span><sup>3</sup><span>K. Provided the timing of differentiation is correct, one might offset the cooling of a magma ocean as much as 630 km deep by differentiation of the remainder of the Moon (which need not start much below the solidus temperature). A large but not impossible amount of gabbroic melt production is implied: ∼100 times the volume of mare basalts known to have been extruded. We do not address the detailed genetic relationship of this melt to the basalts observed on the lunar surface but point out that it need not have reached the surface directly or even have entered the crust in order for the expansion to have occurred. To assess the timing of melt formation, we investigate a simple conductive lunar thermal model which takes account of both Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and thermal contraction. Our initial state is characterized by a central temperature&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and a depth&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;above which the material (derived from the magma ocean) is already at the solidus and is not suceptible to volume changes upon further differentiation. We find a range of models satisfying the limits on radius increase and decrease. The hottest has&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 1210 K,&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;= 400 km; without Δ</span><i>V</i><span>/</span><i>V</i><span>|</span><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>, we would need a larger or colder (or both) core, e.g.,&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;≲ 700 K for&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;= 200–400 km, in agreement with previous investigators. Our modeling thus lends credence to the idea that the Moon could have been initially ≳50% molten (with the remainder relatively close to the solidus) and yet experienced little volume change over the last 3.8 Gyr.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB09p12133","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., and Stevenson, D.J., 1989, The competition between thermal contraction and differentiation in the stress history of the Moon: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B9, p. 12133-12144, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB09p12133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12133","endPage":"12144","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140331-134907528","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"94","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa46e4b08c986b3227a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevenson, David J.","contributorId":211426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015483,"text":"70015483 - 1989 - Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:07:16","indexId":"70015483","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evolution of the magma chamber at Mount Mazama involved repeated recharge by two types of andesite (high-Sr and low-Sr), crystal fractionation, crystal accumulation, assimilation, and magma mixing (Bacon and Druitt 1988). This paper addresses the modal compositions, textures, mineral chemistry and magmatic temperatures of (i) products of the 6845±50 BP climactic eruption, (ii) blocks of partially fused granitoid wallrock found in the ejecta, and (iii) preclimactic rhyodacitic lavas leaked from the chamber in late Pleistocene and early Holocene time. Immediately prior to the climactic eruption the chamber contained ≳ 40 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of rhyodacite (10 vol% plag + opx + aug + hb + mt + ilm, ∼880° C) overlying high-Sr andesite and cumulus-crystal mush (28–51 vol% plag + hb ± opx ± aug + mt ± ilm, 880° to ≥950° C), which in turn overlay low-Sr crystal mush (50–66 vol% plag + opx + aug ± hb ± ol + mt + ilm, 890° to ≥950† C). Despite the well known compositional gap in the ejecta, no thermal discontinuity existed in the chamber. Pre-eruptive water contents of pore liquids in most high-Sr and low-Sr mushes were 4–6 wt%, but on average the high-Sr mushes were slightly richer in water. Although parental magmas of the crystal mushes were andesitic, xenocrysts of bytownite and Ni-rich magnesian olivine in some scoriae record the one-time injection of basalt into the chamber. Textures in ol-bearing scoriae preserve evidence for the reactions ol + liq = opx and ol + aug + liq(+ plag?) = hb, which occurred in andesitic liquids at Mount Mazama. Strontium abundances in plagioclase phenocrysts constrain the petrogenesis of preclimactic and climactic rhyodacites. Phenocryst cores derived from high-Sr and low-Sr magmas have different Sr contents which can be resolved by microprobe. Partition coefficients for plagioclase in andesitic to rhyolitic glasses range from 2 to 7, and increase as glass %SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;increases. Evolved Pleistocene rhyodacites (∼30–25,000 BP) and rhyodacites of the Holocene Llao Rock center (7015±45 BP) contain Sr-poor plagioclase and are derivatives from low-Sr magma. Rhyodacites of the Pleistocene Sharp Peak domes, Holocene Cleetwood flow (∼6850 BP), and climactic ejecta contain discrete Sr-rich and Sr-poor plagioclase phenocryst populations and are hybrids produced by mixing low-Sr rhyodacite (containing Sr-poor plag + opx + aug) with a more mafic high-Sr magma (with Sr-rich plag [ + hb?]). The data reinforce the conclusions of crystal-liquid mixing calculations (Bacon and Druitt 1988), and suggest some important refinements to the magma chamber model.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00375310","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., and Bacon, C., 1989, Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 101, no. 2, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375310.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375310"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7855e4b0c8380cd7868f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015028,"text":"70015028 - 1989 - Geologic setting, depths of emplacement, and regional distribution of fluid inclusions in intrusions of the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T14:26:02.585741","indexId":"70015028","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting, depths of emplacement, and regional distribution of fluid inclusions in intrusions of the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nine mid-Tertiary calc-alkaline stocks, a subvolcanic porphyry system, and coeval volcanic rocks are exposed in a 45-km-long east-trending belt across the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah. The intrusions vary systematically from west to east in texture, style of emplacement, extent of contact metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization. Pressure-depth estimates based on metamorphic mineral assemblages, stratigraphic reconstructions, and fluid inclusion data indicate a regular variation in paleodepths ranging from about 11 km on the west to less than 1 km on the east. These data indicate that the central Wasatch Mountains have been tilted down to the east about 20 degrees during the late Cenozoic. Fluid inclusion populations in igneous quartz also vary systematically with paleodepth; high-salinity (halite-saturated) fluid inclusions are present in the eastern porphyry stocks and in the upper parts of the Alta and Clayton Peak stocks in the center of the belt but are absent in the deeper parts of the Alta and Clayton Peak stocks and in the Little Cottonwood stock on the west side of the belt. In the Alta and Clayton Peak stocks, nearly planar high-paleosalinity horizons, presently dipping 15 degrees to 20 degrees east, separate rocks containing high-salinity fluid inclusions (above the high-paleosalinity horizon) from those lacking such fluid inclusions. Comparison of fluid-inclusion populations in igneous and vein quartz in the Alta and Clayton Peak stocks indicates that high-salinity fluids predated most of the vein-forming hydrothermal activity and provide the earliest record of fluids to circulate in these stocks. High-salinity fluids probably formed either by boiling of fluids released during the late stages of crystallization in the parts of the intrusions where pressure was less than about 1,300 bars or by exsolution of immiscible high-salinity brines from the crystallizing magmas. Most hydrothermal mineralization associated with the intrusions, including Ag-Pb-Zn ores in the Park City district, are associated spatially with parts of the intrusions where high-salinity fluids were present. The major exception is the porphyry molybdenum system in the eastern part of the Little Cottonwood stock, which probably was at too great a depth (approximately 7 km) to form high-salinity brines and is dominated by low-salinity CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;-rich fluids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.84.2.386","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"John, D., 1989, Geologic setting, depths of emplacement, and regional distribution of fluid inclusions in intrusions of the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 84, no. 2, p. 386-409, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.2.386.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21e0e4b0c8380cd56b74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015045,"text":"70015045 - 1989 - Tectonic setting of the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and its borderlands, western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:15:45.549679","indexId":"70015045","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and its borderlands, western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yukon-Koyukuk basin of western Alaska is composed of an arcuate belt of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous subduction-related volcanic and plutonic rocks (Koyukuk terrane) flanked by deep subbasins filled with mid-Cretaceous terrigenous sedimentary rocks. The basin is bordered on three sides by metamorphosed Proterozoic and Paleozoic continental rocks (Seward, Arctic Alaska, and Ruby terranes) and is separated from the metamorphic borderlands by a narrow, highly tectonized belt of oceanic crust and mantle rocks (composite Angayucham-Tozitna terrane). The oceanic and mantle rocks, which dip inward beneath the basin and are thrust outward onto the borderlands, are divided into three separate thrust panels: (1) a structurally lowest panel (Slate Creek) composed of phyllite and metagraywacke of probable Devonian age, (2) a middle panel (Narvak) composed of imbricated basalt, chert, and gabbro of Devonian to Early Jurassic age, and (3) a structurally highest panel (Kanuti) composed of gabbro and peridotite of probable Middle and Late Jurassic age. The three thrust panels appear to represent a reversely stacked sequence that progresses from continental slope deposits in the lower panel to cumulus and mantle peridotites in the upper. Metamorphic mineral K-Ar ages from garnet amphibolite on the sole of the upper panel suggest that the upper panel was emplaced on the middle panel in the Middle to Late Jurassic. Subsequent accretion of all three panels to the continental rocks of the borderlands occurred in the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, synchronous with arc volcanism within the basin. Arc volcanism waned and the accretionary phase ended in the middle of Early Cretaceous time. Uplift and erosion of the metamorphic borderlands and the obducted oceanic rocks began in late Early Cretaceous and was accompanied by the rapid filling of two flanking subbasins with turbiditic sediments. In the latest Early Cretaceous and early Late Cretaceous, shallow marine and nonmarine conglomerates were deposited around the margins of the basin, and a prograding delta was built out from the southeast margin of the basin across the turbiditic subbasins and the remnant volcanic arc. In the Late Cretaceous, western Alaska was subjected to strong east-west compression which severely deformed both the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and the borderlands. Several widespread magmatic episodes in the mid- and Late Cretaceous and in early Tertiary transgress the basin boundaries and stitch together the accreted arc and oceanic terranes and the continental borderlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB11p15807","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., and Box, S.E., 1989, Tectonic setting of the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and its borderlands, western Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B11, p. 15807-15820, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB11p15807.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15807","endPage":"15820","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47ce4b08c986b320389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, W. W. Jr.","contributorId":11231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015111,"text":"70015111 - 1989 - Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:03:58","indexId":"70015111","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oscillatory water levels in observation wells have commonly been recorded at the beginning of aquifer tests in highly transmissive fractured formations. In this paper, oscillatory water levels are predicted by the equations coupling the fluid movement in the observation well and the fluid movement in the surrounding formation. The equivalent-porous medium and dual-porosity models of fractured rock are two models considered in this analysis; however, other conceptual models of fractured media can also be coupled with the model presented here for fluid movement in the observation well. Type curves for the response of water levels in observation wells due to pumping in another well are generated by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to the governing equations. Overdamped conditions, where inertial effects are insignificant, and underdamped conditions, where oscillations arise, are predicted by the solution to the governing equations. By matching water level measurements with the appropriate type curve, a conceptual model of the formation can be identified, and aquifer properties can be estimated. This analysis is applied in the interpretation of an aquifer test conducted in a fractured dolomite in northeastern Illinois. If the early time oscillations are ignored, the measured water levels can be explained by an equivalent-porous medium model. By analyzing the early time oscillations, however, the formation is shown to respond as a dual-porosity medium with a storativity of the fracture porosity that is an order of magnitude smaller than the storativity estimated from the equivalent-porous medium model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i010p02129","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., 1989, Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2129-2137, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i010p02129.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2129","endPage":"2137","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d7ae4b0c8380cd635e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015112,"text":"70015112 - 1989 - Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:59:39","indexId":"70015112","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>A hydrodynamic modeling study of the effects of freshwater inflow on circulation and mixing in San Francisco Bay has been underway since 1985. This paper describes the multidimensional hydrodynamic models being used on the study and review recent progress with their applications. Particular modeling considerations for San Francisco Bay and future modeling plans are discussed.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference","conferenceDate":"15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989","conferenceLocation":"Newport, RI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627586","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Cheng, R.T., 1989, Recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling of San Francisco Bay, California, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling - Proceedings of the Conference, Newport, RI, USA, 15 November 1989 through 17 November 1989, p. 502-510.","startPage":"502","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9634e4b0c8380cd81e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015482,"text":"70015482 - 1989 - Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:24:03","indexId":"70015482","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","docAbstract":"Water samples for dissolved mercury requires special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms. Because this acid-oxidant preservative acts as a sink for airborne mercury and plastic containers are permeable to mercury vapor, glass bottles are preferred for sample collection. To maintain a healthy work environment and minimize the potential for contamination of water samples, mercury and its compounds are isolated from the atmosphere while in storage. Concurrently, a program to monitor environmental levels of mercury vapor in areas of potential contamination is needed to define the extent of mercury contamination and to assess the effectiveness of mercury clean-up procedures.Water samples for dissolved mercury require special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1989, Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267747,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x"},{"id":223884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b51e4b0c8380cd7e1f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015481,"text":"70015481 - 1989 - Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015481","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","docAbstract":"Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in eastern China. Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolution. They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.87Sr /86 Sr is higher and143Nd/144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values. In comparison to continental potash volcanic rocks, Pb isotopes are apparently lower. These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material. The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition. ?? 1989 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Science in China Press","doi":"10.1007/BF02837837","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Junwen, W., Guanghong, X., Tatsumoto, M., and Basu, A.R., 1989, Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 4, p. 322-330, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837.","startPage":"322","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837"},{"id":223883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963fe4b08c986b31b3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Junwen, W.","contributorId":32683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junwen","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guanghong, X.","contributorId":33853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guanghong","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015113,"text":"70015113 - 1989 - Sedimentology and paleontology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Bedrock, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015113","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology and paleontology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Bedrock, Colorado","docAbstract":"Describes a reddish-brown sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone, with minor amounts of siliciclastic-, carbonate-, and chert-pebble conglomerate, and green mudstone. Deposition occurred in continental environments. Lithofacies, trace fossils, and invertebrate and vertebrate fossils indicate that the Late Triassic climate was tropical monsoonal until the close of Chinle deposition when drier seasons became more pronounced. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Dubiel, R.F., Good, S., and Parrish, J., 1989, Sedimentology and paleontology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Bedrock, Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 26, no. 4, p. 113-126.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a9ee4b08c986b3172a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubiel, R. F. 0000-0002-1280-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":41820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Good, S.C.","contributorId":96376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Good","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, J.M.","contributorId":92808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015669,"text":"70015669 - 1989 - Field measurements of dry deposition to spruce foliage and petri dishes in the Black Forest, F.R.G.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T14:47:47.951535","indexId":"70015669","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field measurements of dry deposition to spruce foliage and petri dishes in the Black Forest, F.R.G.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dry deposition fluxes of Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Mn</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Pb</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and SO</span><sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;to spruce foliage and petri dishes were measured in two high-elevation sites ( &gt; 900 m) in the southern Black Forest, F.R.G., during 12 periods (2–7 days, each) from mid-September to mid-November, 1983,&nbsp;</span><i>In situ</i><span>&nbsp;extraction of deposited material from small spruce branches allowed repeated use of the same foliar collecting surfaces for a direct comparison of deposition between periods. Fluxes were corrected for leaching of internally cycled constituents using factors determined from serial extraction experiments. The ratio of flux to petri dishes vs foliage (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>P</mtext><mtext>F</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">PF</span></span></span><span>) was &gt; 1.0 for Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Pb</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and SO</span><sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub><span>, and somewhat &lt; 1.0 but more constant for Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;. Temporal variations in dry deposition fluxes at an exposed site near the industrialized Rhine Valley correlated with variations in total air particulate concentrations at a nearby air quality station. Deposition rates were comparable in magnitude but different in temporal pattern at a remote site in the Black Forest interior. Fluxes at each site reached a minimum during the period of 4–9 November when a regional air inversion confined pollutants to the Rhine Valley below the study sites. High fluxes accompanied the inversion break-up.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90586-6","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., 1989, Field measurements of dry deposition to spruce foliage and petri dishes in the Black Forest, F.R.G.: Atmospheric Environment, v. 23, no. 2, p. 403-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90586-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany","otherGeospatial":"Black Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.212165767842464,\n              47.641986555992474\n            ],\n            [\n              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,{"id":70015668,"text":"70015668 - 1989 - Three-dimensional records of surface displacement on the Superstition Hills fault zone associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:17:03.664123","indexId":"70015668","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional records of surface displacement on the Superstition Hills fault zone associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987","docAbstract":"<p>Seven quadrilaterals, constructed at broadly distributed points on surface breaks within the Superstition Hills fault zone, were repeatedly remeasured after the pair of 24 November 1987 earthquakes to monitor the growing surface displacement. Changes in the dimensions of the quadrilaterals are recalculated to right-lateral and extensional components at millimeter resolution, and vertical components of change are resolved at 0.2 mm precision. The displacement component data for four of the seven quadrilaterals record the complete fault movement with respect to an October 1986 base. These data fit with remarkable agreement the power law<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790020376","usgsCitation":"Sharp, R.V., and Saxton, J., 1989, Three-dimensional records of surface displacement on the Superstition Hills fault zone associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 2, p. 376-389, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790020376.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.23912276809841,\n              33.3067485063319\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.23912276809841,\n              32.513557919801\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01964034622337,\n              32.513557919801\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01964034622337,\n              33.3067485063319\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.23912276809841,\n              33.3067485063319\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb342e4b08c986b325c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, R. V.","contributorId":33692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saxton, J.L.","contributorId":19168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saxton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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