The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip amplitude are compared with nonlinear parametrizations for both slip amplitude and rupture time. Inversions using both synthetic and empirical Green's functions are considered. In general, accurate Green's functions are more readily calculable for the teleseismic problem where simple ray theory and flat-layered velocity structures are usually sufficient. However, uncertainties in the variation in t* with frequency most limit the resolution of teleseismic inversions. A set of empirical Green's functions that are well recorded at teleseismic distances could avoid the uncertainties in attenuation. In the inversion of strong motion data, the accurate calculation of propagation path effects other than attenuation effects is the limiting factor in the resolution of source parameters. The assumption of a laterally homogeneous velocity structure is usually not a good one, and the use of empirical Green's functions is desirable. Considering the parametrization of the problem, any degree of fault rupture complexity can be described in terms of a linear parametrization for slip amplitudes. However, a nonlinear parametrization for rupture times and slip amplitudes can have a distinct advantage over a simple linear one by limiting the number of unknown parameters. Regardless of the choice of data or the type of parametrization, the model or solution will be affected by the choice of minimization norm and the type of stabilization used.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07515","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., 1989, Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7515-7534, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07515.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7515","endPage":"7534","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88be4b0c8380cd4d193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015481,"text":"70015481 - 1989 - Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015481","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","docAbstract":"Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in eastern China. Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolution. They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.87Sr /86 Sr is higher and143Nd/144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values. In comparison to continental potash volcanic rocks, Pb isotopes are apparently lower. These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material. The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition. ?? 1989 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Science in China Press","doi":"10.1007/BF02837837","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Junwen, W., Guanghong, X., Tatsumoto, M., and Basu, A.R., 1989, Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 4, p. 322-330, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837.","startPage":"322","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837"},{"id":223883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963fe4b08c986b31b3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Junwen, W.","contributorId":32683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junwen","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guanghong, X.","contributorId":33853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guanghong","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015479,"text":"70015479 - 1989 - Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:21:51","indexId":"70015479","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which may increase winter runoff and decrease spring and summer runoff. Estimates of total annual runoff indicate that a 5 percent increase in precipitation would be needed to counteract runoff decreases resulting from a warming of 2??C; a 15 percent increase for a warming of 4??C. A warming of 2?? to 4??C, without precipitation increases, may cause a 9 to 25 percent decrease in runoff. The general circulation model derived changes in annual runoff ranged from -39 to +9 percent. Results generally agree with those obtained in studies elsewhere. The changes in runoff agree in direction but differ in magnitude. Additional aspects of the subject are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Ayers, M.A., 1989, Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1231-1242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267744,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x"},{"id":223825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"ftp://brrftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/george/wb_mccabe-ayers.pdf"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3613e4b0c8380cd6040e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015487,"text":"70015487 - 1989 - Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T13:46:36.702455","indexId":"70015487","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky","docAbstract":"More than 220 large landslides along the bluffs bordering the Mississippi alluvial plain between Cairo, Ill., and Memphis, Tenn., are analyzed by discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression to determine the relative effects of slope height and steepness, stratigraphic variation, slope aspect, and proximity to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 New Madrid, Mo., earthquakes on the distribution of these landslides. Three types of landslides are analyzed: (1) old, coherent slumps and block slides, which have eroded and revegetated features and no active analogs in the area; (2) old earth flows, which are also eroded and revegetated; and (3) young rotational slumps, which are present only along near-river bluffs, and which are the only young, active landslides in the area. Discriminant analysis shows that only one characteristic differs significantly between bluffs with and without young rotational slumps: failed bluffs tend to have sand and clay at their base, which may render them more susceptible to fluvial erosion. Bluffs having old coherent slides are significantly higher, steeper, and closer to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 earthquakes than bluffs without these slides. Bluffs having old earth flows are likewise higher and closer to the earthquake hypocenters. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the distribution of young rotational slumps is affected most strongly by slope steepness: about one-third of the variation in the distribution is explained by variations in slope steepness. The distribution of old coherent slides and earth flows is affected most strongly by slope height, but the proximity to the hypocenters of the 1811-12 earthquakes also significantly affects the distribution. The results of the statistical analyses indicate that the only recently active landsliding in the area is along actively eroding river banks, where rotational slumps formed as bluffs are undercut by the river. The analyses further indicate that the old coherent slides and earth flows in the area are spatially related to the 1811-12 earthquake hypocenters and were thus probably triggered by those earthquakes. These results are consistent with findings of other recent investigations of landslides in the area that presented field, historical, and analytical evidence to demonstrate that old landslides in the area formed during the 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes. Results of the multiple linear regression can also be used to approximate the relative susceptibility of the bluffs in the study area to seismically induced landsliding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0013-7952(89)90044-6","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., and Keefer, D.K., 1989, Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky: Engineering Geology, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 509-542, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(89)90044-6.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.52812986039102,\n 34.97478273364989\n ],\n [\n -88.22100095414115,\n 34.97478273364989\n ],\n [\n -88.22100095414115,\n 37.40389220228255\n ],\n [\n -90.52812986039102,\n 37.40389220228255\n ],\n [\n -90.52812986039102,\n 34.97478273364989\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9711e4b08c986b31b86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015443,"text":"70015443 - 1989 - Large-scale magnetic field perturbation arising from the 18 May 1980 eruption from Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:14:47","indexId":"70015443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale magnetic field perturbation arising from the 18 May 1980 eruption from Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"A traveling magnetic field disturbance generated by the 18 may 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens at 1532 UT was detected on an 800-km linear array of recording magnetometers installed along the San Andreas fault system in California, from San Francisco to the Salton Sea. Arrival times of the disturbance field, from the most northern of these 24 magnetometers (996 km south of the volcano) to the most southern (1493 km S23?? E), are consistent with the generation of a traveling ionospheric disturbance stimulated by the blast pressure wave in the atmosphere. The first arrivals at the north and the south ends of the array occurred at 26 and 48 min, respectively, after the initial eruption. Apparent average wave velocity through the array is 309 ?? 14 m s-1 but may have approached 600 m s-1 close to the volcano. The horizontal phase and the group velocity of ??? 300 m s-1 at periods of 70-80 min, and the attenuation with distance, strongly suggest that the magnetic field perturbations at distances of 1000-1500 km are caused by gravity mode acoustic-gravity waves propagating at F-region heights in the ionosphere. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90209-4","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Mueller, R., and Johnston, M., 1989, Large-scale magnetic field perturbation arising from the 18 May 1980 eruption from Mount St. Helens, Washington: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90209-4.","startPage":"23","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267324,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90209-4"},{"id":224093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a449ae4b0c8380cd66c42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015482,"text":"70015482 - 1989 - Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:24:03","indexId":"70015482","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","docAbstract":"Water samples for dissolved mercury requires special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms. Because this acid-oxidant preservative acts as a sink for airborne mercury and plastic containers are permeable to mercury vapor, glass bottles are preferred for sample collection. To maintain a healthy work environment and minimize the potential for contamination of water samples, mercury and its compounds are isolated from the atmosphere while in storage. Concurrently, a program to monitor environmental levels of mercury vapor in areas of potential contamination is needed to define the extent of mercury contamination and to assess the effectiveness of mercury clean-up procedures.Water samples for dissolved mercury require special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1989, Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267747,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x"},{"id":223884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b51e4b0c8380cd7e1f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015742,"text":"70015742 - 1989 - A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:59:16","indexId":"70015742","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates","docAbstract":"A model for generating random spatial networks that is based on elementary postulates comparable to those of the random topology model is proposed. In contrast to the random topology model, this model ascribes a unique spatial specification to generated drainage networks, a distinguishing property of some network growth models. The simplicity of the postulates creates an opportunity for potential analytic investigations of the probabilistic structure of the drainage networks, while the spatial specification enables analyses of spatially dependent network properties. In the random topology model all drainage networks, conditioned on magnitude (number of first-order streams), are equally likely, whereas in this model all spanning trees of a grid, conditioned on area and drainage density, are equally likely. As a result, link lengths in the generated networks are not independent, as usually assumed in the random topology model. For a preliminary model evaluation, scale-dependent network characteristics, such as geometric diameter and link length properties, and topologic characteristics, such as bifurcation ratio, are computed for sets of drainage networks generated on square and rectangular grids. Statistics of the bifurcation and length ratios fall within the range of values reported for natural drainage networks, but geometric diameters tend to be relatively longer than those for natural networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i005p00793","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., and Troutman, B.M., 1989, A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 793-798, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i005p00793.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ae4b0c8380cd46b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015471,"text":"70015471 - 1989 - Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T17:09:47.601614","indexId":"70015471","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation","docAbstract":"A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply the distillate to a widely spaced row crop. To predict the performance of the proposed device, an empirical equation for distillate production, dp, is developed from reported solar still production rates, and a modified Jensen-Haise equation is used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration, et, for a row crop. Monthly values for et and dp are calculated by using a generalized row crop at five locations in the Western United States. Calculated et values range from 1 to 22 cm month−1 and calculated dp values range from 2 to 11 cm month−1, depending on the location, the month, and the crop average. When the sum of dp plus precipitation, dp + P, is compared to et for the case of 50% distillation irrigation system coverage, the results indicate that the crop's et is matched by dp + P, at the cooler locations only. However, when the system coverage is increased to 66%, the crop's et is matched by dp + P even at the hottest location. Potential advantages of distillation irrigation include the ability: (a) to convert impaired water resources to water containing no salts or sediments; and (b) to efficiently and automatically irrigate crops at a rate that is controlled primarily by radiation intensities. The anticipated disadvantages of distillation irrigation include: (a) the high costs of a system, due to the large amounts of sheeting required, the short lifetime of the sheeting, and the physically cumbersome nature of a system; (b) the need for a widely spaced crop to reduce shading of the system by the crop; and (c) the production of a concentrated brine or precipitate, requiring proper off-site disposal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-3774(89)90019-X","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1989, Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation: Agricultural Water Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 253-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(89)90019-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024be4b0c8380cd4ffac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015461,"text":"70015461 - 1989 - Manganese oxidation model for rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:24:46","indexId":"70015461","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese oxidation model for rivers","docAbstract":"The presence of manganese in natural waters (>0.05 mg/L) degrades water-supply quality. A model was devised to predict the variation of manganese concentrations in river water released from an impoundment with the distance downstream. The model is one-dimensional and was calibrated using dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, manganese, and hydraulic data collected in the Duck River, Tennessee. The results indicated that the model can predict manganese levels under various conditions. The model was then applied to the Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Discrepancies between observed and predicted may be due to inadequate pH data, precipitation of sediment particles, unsteady flow conditions in the Chattahoochee River, inaccurate rate expressions for the low pH conditions, or their combinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03072.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., Kim, B.R., and Roberts, P.J., 1989, Manganese oxidation model for rivers: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 359-365, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03072.x.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267748,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03072.x"},{"id":224423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cc1e4b0c8380cd69e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Byung R.","contributorId":10161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Byung","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Philip J.W.","contributorId":43108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015760,"text":"70015760 - 1989 - Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:36:54.40266","indexId":"70015760","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Trans-Alaskan Crustal Transect in the southern Copper River Basin and Chugach Mountains traverses the margins of the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes, and the adjacent accretionary oceanic units of the Chugach terrane to the south. The southern Wrangellia terrane margin consists of a polymetamorphosed magmatic arc complex at least in part of Pennsylvanian age (Strelna Metamorphics and metagranodiorite) and tonalitic metaplutonic rocks of the Late Jurassic Chitina magmatic arc. The southern Peninsular terrane margin is underlain by rocks of the Late Triassic (?) and Early Jurassic Talkeetna magmatic arc (Talkeetna Formation and Border Ranges ultra-mafic-mafic assemblage) on Permian or older basement rocks. The Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes are parts of a dominantly oceanic superterrane (composite Terrane II) that was amalgamated by Late Triassic time and was accreted to terranes of continental affinity north of the Denali fault system in the mid- to Late Cretaceous. The Chugach terrane in the transect area consists of three successively accreted units: (1) minor greenschist and intercalated blueschist, the schist of Liberty Creek, of unknown protolith age that was metamorphosed and probably accreted during the Early Jurassic, (2) the McHugh Complex (Late Triassic to mid-Cretaceous protolith age), a melange of mixed oceanic, volcaniclastic, and olistostromal rocks that is metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite and lower greenschist facies that was accreted by middle Cretaceous time, and (3) the Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group, mainly magmatic arc-derived flysch and lesser oceanic volcanic rocks of greenschist facies that was accreted by early Paleocene time. A regional thermal event that culminated in early middle Eocene time (48–52 Ma) resulted in widespread greenschist facies metamorphism and plutonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB04p04255","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Nokleberg, W., and Lull, J.S., 1989, Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B4, p. 4255-4295, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04255.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"4255","endPage":"4295","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f07ee4b0c8380cd4a76a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lull, J. S.","contributorId":37075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015739,"text":"70015739 - 1989 - A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:32:33","indexId":"70015739","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels","docAbstract":"Dredging and straightening of alluvial channels between 1959 and 1978 in West Tennessee caused a series of morphologic changes along modified reaches and tributary streams. Degradation occurred for 10 to 15 years at sites upstream of the area of maximum disturbance and lowered bed-levels by as much as 6.1 m. Following degradation, reaches upstream of the area of maximum disturbance experienced a secondary aggradation phase in response to excessive incision and gradient reduction. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290140103","usgsCitation":"Simon, A., 1989, A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 14, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290140103.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269250,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290140103"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47ee4b0c8380cd4667a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015477,"text":"70015477 - 1989 - Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:33:20.134654","indexId":"70015477","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2462,"text":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway","docAbstract":"Planktic foraminiferal provinces of Caribbean DSDP Hole 502A and East Pacific DSDP Hole 503A have been analyzed and compared with benthic and planktic isotope records, carbonate, hiatus events, and sea level changes. Four major events are evident in the closure history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway, at 6.2, 4.2, 2.4 and 1.8 Ma. The faunal change at 6.2 Ma coincides with the δ13C shift and is primarily caused by upwelling in the western Caribbean. This suggests restricted circulation of intermediate water and deflection northeastward, strengthening the Gulf Stream as reflected in the first major erosion on Blake Plateau. The second faunal change, at 4.2 Ma, coincides with increased surface water salinity evident in δ18O data and indicates increasingly restricted surface water exchange. Divergence of faunal provinces beginning at 2.4 Ma is marked by increasing abundance of high salinity tolerant species (Globigerinoides ruber) in the Caribbean. This suggests that initial closure of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway and cessation of sustained surface current flow between the Pacific and Caribbean occurred as late as 2.4 Ma. Maximum divergence of faunal provinces begins at 1.8 Ma and continues to the present. This implies that at least incipient littoral-neritic leakage occurred across the Pacific-Caribbean gateway between 2.4 and 1.8 Ma, with final closure by 1.8 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-9811(89)90028-X","issn":"08959811","usgsCitation":"Keller, G., Zenker, C., and Stone, S., 1989, Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 2, no. 1, p. 73-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(89)90028-X.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a454de4b0c8380cd671cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, G.","contributorId":72527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenker, C.E.","contributorId":90884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenker","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, S.M.","contributorId":87136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001349,"text":"1001349 - 1989 - An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:38:22.849368","indexId":"1001349","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","docAbstract":"Recurring estimates of the size of animal populations are often required by biologists of wildlife managers. Because of cost or other constraints, estimates frequently lack the accuracy desired but cannot readily be improved by additional sampling. This report proposes a statistical method employing empirical Bayes (EB) estimators as alternatives to those customarily used to estimate population size, and evaluates them by a subsampling experiment on waterfowl surveys. EB estimates, especially a simple limited—translation version, were more accurate and provided shorter confidence intervals with greater coverage probabilities than customary estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941361","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1989, An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys: Ecology, v. 70, no. 4, p. 945-952, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941361.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015467,"text":"70015467 - 1989 - Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:12:49.247701","indexId":"70015467","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"The Indian Peak volcanic field is representative of the more than 50,000 km3 of ash-flow tuff and tens of calderas in the Great Basin that formed during the Oligocene-early Miocene \"ignimbrite flareup\" in southwestern North America. The field formed about 32 to 27 Ma in the southeastern Great Basin and consists of the centrally positioned Indian Peak caldera complex and a surrounding blanket of related ash-flow sheets distributed over an area of about 55,000 km2. The field has a volume on the order of 10,000 km3. A cluster of two obscure source areas and four calderas comprise the ∼80 x 120 km caldera complex. Only minor volumes of rhyolite and two pyroxene andesite lavas were extruded episodically throughout the lifetime of the magma system that formed the field, chiefly during its youth and old age.
Six ash-flow sequences alternate between rhyolite and dacite in a volume ratio of about 1:8, and a culminating seventh is trachytic. The first, fourth, and sixth tuff units are of rhyolite that contains sparse to modest amounts of phenocrysts, chiefly plagioclase and biotite, and abundant lithic and pumice lapilli; these deposits are confined within the caldera complex and form multiple and compound cooling units that are normally zoned with respect to bulk chemical composition and crystal type, content, and size. The second, third, and fifth tuff sequences are of crystal-rich dacite that forms extensive simple cooling-unit outflow sheets and partial caldera fillings of compound cooling units. Each dacite unit contains similar amounts of plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, quartz, two pyroxenes, and Fe-Ti oxides; trace amounts of sanidine and titanite also occur in the youngest. Cognate inclusions in the dacites show only slight intra- and inter-unit differences in bulk chemical composition. The seventh eruptive sequence consists of several cooling units of trachydacite tuff containing small to modest amounts of plagioclase and two pyroxenes.
These dominantly high-K calc-alkaline rocks are a record of the birth, maturation, and death of a large, open, continental magma system that was probably initiated and sustained by influx of mafic magma derived from a southward-migrating locus of magma production in the mantle. The small volumes of chemically diverse andesitic rocks were derived from separately evolving magma bodies but are modified representatives of the mantle power supply. Recurrent production of very large batches (some greater than 3,000 km3) of quite uniform dacite magmas appears to have required combination of andesite magma and crustal silicic material in vigorously convecting chambers. Compositional data indicate that rhyolites are polygenetic. As the main locus of mantle magma production shifted southward, trachydacite magma could have been produced by fractionation of andesitic magma within the crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1076:OCCACA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Best, M.G., Christiansen, E.H., and Blank, H.R., 1989, Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 8, p. 1076-1090, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1076:OCCACA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1076","endPage":"1090","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Indian Peak volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.79039741892227,\n 39.37687672625006\n ],\n [\n -114.79039741892227,\n 37.37899551262615\n ],\n [\n -113.1644208564224,\n 37.37899551262615\n ],\n [\n -113.1644208564224,\n 39.37687672625006\n ],\n [\n -114.79039741892227,\n 39.37687672625006\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d62e4b0c8380cd750eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, M. G.","contributorId":57843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, E. H.","contributorId":65077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blank, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":94674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015483,"text":"70015483 - 1989 - Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:07:16","indexId":"70015483","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Evolution of the magma chamber at Mount Mazama involved repeated recharge by two types of andesite (high-Sr and low-Sr), crystal fractionation, crystal accumulation, assimilation, and magma mixing (Bacon and Druitt 1988). This paper addresses the modal compositions, textures, mineral chemistry and magmatic temperatures of (i) products of the 6845±50 BP climactic eruption, (ii) blocks of partially fused granitoid wallrock found in the ejecta, and (iii) preclimactic rhyodacitic lavas leaked from the chamber in late Pleistocene and early Holocene time. Immediately prior to the climactic eruption the chamber contained ≳ 40 km3 of rhyodacite (10 vol% plag + opx + aug + hb + mt + ilm, ∼880° C) overlying high-Sr andesite and cumulus-crystal mush (28–51 vol% plag + hb ± opx ± aug + mt ± ilm, 880° to ≥950° C), which in turn overlay low-Sr crystal mush (50–66 vol% plag + opx + aug ± hb ± ol + mt + ilm, 890° to ≥950† C). Despite the well known compositional gap in the ejecta, no thermal discontinuity existed in the chamber. Pre-eruptive water contents of pore liquids in most high-Sr and low-Sr mushes were 4–6 wt%, but on average the high-Sr mushes were slightly richer in water. Although parental magmas of the crystal mushes were andesitic, xenocrysts of bytownite and Ni-rich magnesian olivine in some scoriae record the one-time injection of basalt into the chamber. Textures in ol-bearing scoriae preserve evidence for the reactions ol + liq = opx and ol + aug + liq(+ plag?) = hb, which occurred in andesitic liquids at Mount Mazama. Strontium abundances in plagioclase phenocrysts constrain the petrogenesis of preclimactic and climactic rhyodacites. Phenocryst cores derived from high-Sr and low-Sr magmas have different Sr contents which can be resolved by microprobe. Partition coefficients for plagioclase in andesitic to rhyolitic glasses range from 2 to 7, and increase as glass %SiO2 increases. Evolved Pleistocene rhyodacites (∼30–25,000 BP) and rhyodacites of the Holocene Llao Rock center (7015±45 BP) contain Sr-poor plagioclase and are derivatives from low-Sr magma. Rhyodacites of the Pleistocene Sharp Peak domes, Holocene Cleetwood flow (∼6850 BP), and climactic ejecta contain discrete Sr-rich and Sr-poor plagioclase phenocryst populations and are hybrids produced by mixing low-Sr rhyodacite (containing Sr-poor plag + opx + aug) with a more mafic high-Sr magma (with Sr-rich plag [ + hb?]). The data reinforce the conclusions of crystal-liquid mixing calculations (Bacon and Druitt 1988), and suggest some important refinements to the magma chamber model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00375310","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., and Bacon, C., 1989, Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 101, no. 2, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375310.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375310"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7855e4b0c8380cd7868f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015469,"text":"70015469 - 1989 - Geomorphology of coastal sand dunes, Baldwin County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015469","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphology of coastal sand dunes, Baldwin County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Alabama's coastal eolian deposits are primarily vegetated dunes that are exemplified by sand ridges with flat to undulating upper surfaces and continuous irregular crests. Dune fields occur along Morgan peninsula between the foredune line and Little Lagoon and the Mobile Bay area. These dune fields consist primarily of one or more continuous ridges that parallel the coast and are generally vegetaed to grassy. Washover of the beach and backshore during Hurricane Frederic (1979) and subsequent smaller scale storms resulted in significant erosion of many of Alabama's dune fields. The primary dunes or foredunes are beginning to recover from the effects of these storms; however, numerous breaks in the primary dune line are present. Sand dunes in coastal Alabama provide protection against storm-generated waves and washover. The foredunes are protected by adherence to a Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) or construction setback line identified by markers along coastal Baldwin County.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '89: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Bearden, B.L., Hummell, R.L., and Mink, R.M., 1989, Geomorphology of coastal sand dunes, Baldwin County, Alabama, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 2, no. pt2, Charleston, SC, USA, 11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989, p. 1038-1050.","startPage":"1038","endPage":"1050","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"pt2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a27a9e4b0c8380cd59ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bearden, Bennett L.","contributorId":71318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"Bennett","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hummell, Richard L.","contributorId":68040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mink, Robert M.","contributorId":41972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mink","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015771,"text":"70015771 - 1989 - A direct correlation among indoor Rn, soil gas Rn and geology in the Reading Prong near Boyertown, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015771","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A direct correlation among indoor Rn, soil gas Rn and geology in the Reading Prong near Boyertown, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"We feel that this study suggests a relationship among geology, soil gas Rn and the potential for indoor Rn accumulation in this portion of the Reading Prong. There are deviations from a perfect correlation but these are related to inhomogeneities in the geologic environment and perhaps variations in construction techniques of homes in the area. This study also demonstrates that several analyses in a small area may be necessary to adequately determine the Rn distribution for a particular geologic unit. That scale would be determined by the complexity of the local geology. Where no discrete source of elevated Rn supply is found for dwellings having a significant Rn accumulation, the implication is that overall gross permeability may be sufficient to supply Rn from a larger volume of soil and rock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Health Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00179078","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., and Gundersen, L., 1989, A direct correlation among indoor Rn, soil gas Rn and geology in the Reading Prong near Boyertown, Pennsylvania: Health Physics, v. 57, no. 1, p. 155-160.","startPage":"155","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c0e4b0c8380cd461d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gundersen, L.C.S.","contributorId":24501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"L.C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139947,"text":"70139947 - 1989 - Investigations of SPOT cartographic applications in the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:30:04","indexId":"70139947","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3865,"text":"CISM Journal ACSGC","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigations of SPOT cartographic applications in the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey has a longstanding commitment to the advancement of the technology and applications of remotely sensed data from civilian satellite systems. In the past, research based on satellite data was primarily directed toward natural resource and land use applications rather than cartographic applications. The availability of high-resolution, steroscopic data from the sensors on SPOT provides new opportunities for cartographic applications. The potential applications include production of satellite image and topographic maps, and generation of digital elevation data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Institute of Surveying and Mapping","usgsCitation":"Thormodsgard, J.M., Kelly, G.G., and Spooner, J.D., 1989, Investigations of SPOT cartographic applications in the U.S. Geological Survey: CISM Journal ACSGC, v. 43, no. 2, p. 145-149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf331e4b02e76d759cdee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thormodsgard, June M. thor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thormodsgard","given":"June","email":"thor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Glen G.","contributorId":90916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spooner, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":53956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spooner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015457,"text":"70015457 - 1989 - The role of catastrophic geomorphic events in central Appalachian landscape evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T01:02:43.884728","indexId":"70015457","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of catastrophic geomorphic events in central Appalachian landscape evolution","docAbstract":"Catastrophic geomorphic events are taken as those that are large, sudden, and rare on human timescales. In the nonglaciated, low-seismicity central Appalachians, these are dominantly floods and landslides. Evaluation of the role of catastrophic events in landscape evolution includes assessment of their contributions to denudation and formation of prominent landscape features, and how they vary through space and time.
Tropical storm paths and topographic barriers at the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Front create significant climatic variability across the Appalachians. For moderate floods, the influence of basin geology is apparent in modifying severity of flooding, but for the most extreme events, flood discharges relate mainly to rainfall characteristics such as intensity, duration, storm size, and location. Landslide susceptibility relates more directly to geologic controls that determine what intensity and duration of rainfall will trigger slope instability.
Large floods and landslides are not necessarily effective in producing prominent geomorphic features. Large historic floods in the Piedmont have been minimally effective in producing prominent and persistent geomorphic features. In contrast, smaller floods in the Valley and Ridge produced erosional and depositional features that probably will require thousands of years to efface. Scars and deposits of debris slide-avalanches triggered on sandstone ridges recover slowly and persist much longer than scars and deposits of smaller landslides triggered on finer-grained regolith, even though the smaller landslides may have eroded greater aggregate volume.
The surficial stratigraphic record can be used to extend the spatial and temporal limits of our knowledge of catastrophic events. Many prominent alluvial and colluvial landforms in the central Appalachians are composed of sediments that were deposited by processes similar to those observed in historic catastrophic events. Available stratigraphic evidence shows two scales of temporal variation: one related to Quaternary climate changes and a more-recent, higher-frequency variation due to rare events during the Holocene. In much of the central Appalachians, landforms related to Quaternary climate changes persist as the most prominent features, despite the modifying effects of late-Holocene catastrophic events.
The pressure and temperature-induced metallization of FeO discovered by Knittle et al [1986] is here argued to result from a Mott transition associated with increased Fe(3d)-Fe(3d) orbital overlap at high pressures. The metallic bonding in the Fe(3d) t2g band may account for the 4% volume decrease of FeO associated with the metallization transition. If so, a structural change (B1→B2 or B1→B8) or spin-pairing transition may not need to be invoked to explain the high pressure phase transition in FeO. Below the Neel temperature of FeO, antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe spins forces the Fe (t2g) electrons to be localized. Since the Neel temperature increases with pressure, no metallization transition of FeO was observed by Yagi et al. [1985] in their high-pressure measurements at 300K. Neither (Mg, Fe)O and (Mg,Fe)SiO3 can undergo a Mott transition at high pressure and temperature. Consequently, it is here argued that a lower mantle containing only these phases should be electrically insulating. Finally, the formation of itinerant d-electrons in FeO may be a necessary, if not sufficient, condition for the apparent alloying of FeO with Fe. Such alloying may allow oxygen to be incorporated into the outer core.
More knowledge is needed about the physical processes that control the transport of fine sediment moving over an alluvial bed. The knowledge is needed to design rational sampling and monitoring programs that assess the transport and fate of toxic substances in surface waters because the toxics are often associated with silt- and clay-sized particles. This technical note reviews some of the past research in areas that may contribute to an increased understanding of the processes involved. An alluvial streambed can have a large capacity to store fine sediments that are extracted from the flow when instream concentrations are high and it can gradually release fine sediment to the flow when the instream concentrations are low. Several types of storage mechanisms are available depending on the relative size distribution of the suspended load and bed material, as well as the flow hydraulics. Alluvial flow tends to segregate the deposited material according to size and density. Some of the storage locations are temporary, but some can store the fine sediment for very long periods of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i001p00135","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Carey, W.P., 1989, Interaction of fine sediment with alluvial streambeds: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i001p00135.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cb2e4b0c8380cd62f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carey, William P.","contributorId":69556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015333,"text":"70015333 - 1989 - The Uranium-trend dating method: Principles and application for southern California marine terrace deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:31:32","indexId":"70015333","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Uranium-trend dating method: Principles and application for southern California marine terrace deposits","docAbstract":"Uranium-trend dating is an open-system method for age estimation of Quaternary sediments, using disequilibrium in the 238U234U230Th decay series. The technique has been applied to alluvium, colluvium, loess, till, and marine sediments. In this study we tested the U-trend dating method on calcareous marine terrace deposits from the Palos Verdes Hills and San Nicolas Island, California. Independent age estimates indicate that terraces in these areas range from ???80 ka to greater than 1.0 Ma. Two low terraces on San Nicolas Island yielded U-trend plots that have a clustered array of points and the ages of these deposits are indeterminate or highly suspect. Middle Pleistocene terraces and one early Pleistocene terrace on San Nicolas Island and all terraces on the Palos Verdes Hills gave reasonably linear U-trend plots and estimated ages that are stratigraphically consistent and in agreement with independent age estimates. We conclude that many marine terrace deposits are suitable for U-trend dating, but U-trend plots must be carefully evaluated and U-trend ages should be consistent with independent geologic control. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(89)90006-2","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Rosholt, J., and Bush, C.A., 1989, The Uranium-trend dating method: Principles and application for southern California marine terrace deposits: Quaternary International, v. 1, no. C, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(89)90006-2.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(89)90006-2"},{"id":223931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba96fe4b08c986b322281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}