there were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during the first 2 months of the year. the USSR was the only country reporting earthquake-related deaths during this period.
\nIn the United States a magnitude 5.0 earthquake in southern California on Januray 19 caused several injuries and minor damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1989, Earthquakes, January-February 1989: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 21, no. 3, p. 125-127.","startPage":"125","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d033cfe4b015c306ee0e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001549,"text":"1001549 - 1989 - Carbonate deposition on tail feathers of ruddy ducks using evaporation ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:10:05.937119","indexId":"1001549","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate deposition on tail feathers of ruddy ducks using evaporation ponds","docAbstract":"Substantial carbonate deposits were observed on rectrices of Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) collected during 1982-1984 on evaporation ponds in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Carbonate deposits were composed of about 75% aragonite and 25% calcite, both polymorphous forms of CaCO3. Significantly more carbonate deposits were observed on Ruddy Ducks as length of exposure to agricultural drain water increased, during the 1983-1984 field season when salt concentrations in the ponds were higher, and in certain evaporation-pond systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368063","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N., Jarvis, R.L., and Gilmer, D., 1989, Carbonate deposition on tail feathers of ruddy ducks using evaporation ponds: Condor, v. 91, p. 803-806, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368063.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"806","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol91/iss4/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -119.1302490234375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -119.1302490234375,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f00dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015723,"text":"70015723 - 1989 - Application of INEPT nitrogen-15 and silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry to derivatized fulvic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T06:55:33","indexId":"70015723","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of INEPT nitrogen-15 and silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry to derivatized fulvic acids","docAbstract":"Use of the INEPT experiment has been examined in two derivatization studies of the Suwannee River fulvic acid. In the first study, the fulvic acid was derivatized with 15N enriched hydroxylamine. The quantitative 15N NMR spectrum, acquired with a 45° pulse angle, 2.0 second pulse delay and inverse gated decoupling, showed that oximes (390-340 ppm) were the major derivatives, followed by nitriles (270-240 ppm), hydroxamic acids (170-160 ppm), secondary amides (150-115 ppm), and lactams (115-90 ppm). The INEPT 15N NMR spectrum was acquired using refocussing delays and polarization transfer times optimized for signal enhancement of singly protonated nitrogens. INEPT greatly enhanced the amide and lactam resonances, and showed that resonances downfield of 180 ppm in the quantitative spectrum represented nonprotonated nitrogens. In the second study, the fulvic acid was first methylated with diazomethane and then silylated with hexamethyldisilazane. The 29Si NMR spectra exhibited two major peaks, from approximately 33 to 22 ppm, representing silyl esters of carboxylic acids, and from 22 to 13 ppm, representing silyl ethers of alcohols and phenols. The INEPT 29Si NMR spectrum was virtually identical to the quantitative 29Si spectrum, acquired with a 90° pulse angle, 5.0 second pulse delay, inverse gated decoupling, and relaxation reagent. INEPT therefore can be used for quantitative analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of the fulvic acid, saving spectrometer time and eliminating the need for relaxation reagents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(89)90127-7","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Folan, D., Arterburn, J., Mikita, M., and MacCarthy, P., 1989, Application of INEPT nitrogen-15 and silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry to derivatized fulvic acids: Science of the Total Environment, v. 81-82, no. C, p. 209-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90127-7.","startPage":"209","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268082,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90127-7"}],"volume":"81-82","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec87e4b0c8380cd4930b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folan, D.W.","contributorId":48316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folan","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arterburn, J.B.","contributorId":97253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arterburn","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikita, M.A.","contributorId":20081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikita","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacCarthy, P.","contributorId":88081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015872,"text":"70015872 - 1989 - Singularity spectrum of intermittent seismic tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T00:57:48.720261","indexId":"70015872","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Singularity spectrum of intermittent seismic tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Fractal singularity analysis (FSA) is used to study a 22-year record of deep seismic tremor (30–60 km depth) for regions below Kilauea Volcano on the assumption that magma transport and fracture can be treated as a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Tremor episodes range from 1 to 100 min (cumulative duration = 1.60×104 min; yearly average = 727 min yr−1; mean gradient = 24.2 min yr−1 km−1). Partitioning of probabilities, pi, in the phase space of normalized durations, xi, are expressed in terms of a function f(α), where α is a variable exponent of a length scale, ℓ. Plots of f(α) vs. α are called multifractal singularity spectra. The spectrum for deep tremor durations is bounded by α values of about 0.4 and 1.9 at f = 0; fmax ≃ 1.0 for α ≃ 1. Results for tremor are similar to those found for systems transitional between complete mode locking and chaos.
Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 152 m/d. Mean chloride concentrations of the injectant during two tests of 91 and 366 days duration were 180 and 170 mg/L, respectively, whereas chloride concentration of native salt water ranged from 19,000 to 20,000 mg/L. During the 366-day test, chloride concentration in water from a well open to the upper part of the injection zone 223 m from the injection well approximately stabilized at about 4000 mg/L. Relatively constant chloride concentrations in water from this observation well at a level significantly greater than the injectant concentration suggested the hypothesis that circular convection with saltwater flow added chloride ions to the injection zone flow sampled at the observation well. In order to assess the acceptability of the circular convection hypothesis, information was required about the velocity field during injection. Mass transport model simulations were used to provide this information, after determining that the fractured injection zone could be treated as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity. The mass transport model was calibrated using the 91-day test data from two observation wells 223 m from the injection well. The model was then run without parameter changes to simulate the 366-day test. Mass fractions of injectant computed for four observation wells during the 366-day test compared favorably with observed mass fractions. Observed mass fractions were calculated as a function of chloride concentration and density. Comparisons between model-computed mass fraction and velocity fields in a radial section showed circular convection, with salt water flowing toward the injection well in the lower part of the injection zone. The salt water then mixed with the injectant, and the mixture flowed away from the injection well in the upper part of the injection zone. On the basis of the model results and the assumed reasonableness of treating the injection zone as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity, the hypothesis of circular convection with saltwater flow during subsurface injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive saltwater-bearing fractured dolomite was judged acceptable.
We conducted surveys in 1983 and 1984 of submersed macrophyte communities off six islands in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers using low altitude aerial photography and ground-truth collections. Sample collections in 1984 followed one of the coldest winters on record, during which ice up to 4 m thick developed in areas that were normally ice-free. Growth of many of the 20 taxa collected was delayed in the spring of 1984, as compared with the spring of 1983. By September 1984, however, total abundance of all taxa was equal to or greater than that in 1983. The location, size, and shape of plant beds in September 1984 were similar to those in 1983. We concluded that the unusual ice jam in early spring of 1984 had little, if any, permanent effect on submersed macrophytes in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b89-302","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., Schloesser, D.W., and Hudson, P.L., 1989, Submersed macrophyte communities before and after an episodic ice jam in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 67, p. 2364-2370, https://doi.org/10.1139/b89-302.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2364","endPage":"2370","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197608,"text":"70197608 - 1989 - Oligocene and Miocene paleogeography of central California and displacement along the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T11:46:09","indexId":"70197608","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligocene and Miocene paleogeography of central California and displacement along the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"Recently completed sedimentologic and petrologic studies of Oligocene and Miocene strata in the Temblor Range (San Joaquin basin) and Santa Cruz Mountains (La Honda basin) permit detailed reconstructions of paleogeography, as well as new estimates of displacement along the San Andreas fault. During the Oligocene and Miocene, the San Joaquin and La Honda basins were contiguous. The southwestern margin of the San Joaquin-La Honda basin was tectonically unstable and paleogeographically complex, with several small deep-sea fans fed by sediment derived from nearby subaerial uplifts of Franciscan and granitic basement. One of these deep-sea fans, represented by the Temblor Formation of the southern Temblor Range and the Vaqueros Sandstone of the central Santa Cruz Mountains, apparently has been displaced about 315 to 320 km by post-early Miocene (post-Zemorrian, about 23 Ma) right-lateral slip along the San Andreas fault. This new estimate of displacement places an additional constraint on interpretations of San Andreas slip history, but ambiguities remain. The time of initiation of San Andreas displacement is poorly known, and available data do not permit discrimination between a history of relatively continuous slip versus a history of episodic slip.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0711:OAMPOC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Graham, S., Stanley, R.G., Bent, J.V., and Carter, J.B., 1989, Oligocene and Miocene paleogeography of central California and displacement along the San Andreas fault: GSA Bulletin, v. 101, no. 5, p. 711-730, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0711:OAMPOC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c66e4b034bf6a82274b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bent, J. V.","contributorId":205583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bent","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, J. B.","contributorId":205584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015473,"text":"70015473 - 1989 - The nature of the pressure-induced metallization of FeO and its implications to the core-mantle boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:00:10.487407","indexId":"70015473","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nature of the pressure-induced metallization of FeO and its implications to the core-mantle boundary","docAbstract":"The pressure and temperature-induced metallization of FeO discovered by Knittle et al [1986] is here argued to result from a Mott transition associated with increased Fe(3d)-Fe(3d) orbital overlap at high pressures. The metallic bonding in the Fe(3d) t2g band may account for the 4% volume decrease of FeO associated with the metallization transition. If so, a structural change (B1→B2 or B1→B8) or spin-pairing transition may not need to be invoked to explain the high pressure phase transition in FeO. Below the Neel temperature of FeO, antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe spins forces the Fe (t2g) electrons to be localized. Since the Neel temperature increases with pressure, no metallization transition of FeO was observed by Yagi et al. [1985] in their high-pressure measurements at 300K. Neither (Mg, Fe)O and (Mg,Fe)SiO3 can undergo a Mott transition at high pressure and temperature. Consequently, it is here argued that a lower mantle containing only these phases should be electrically insulating. Finally, the formation of itinerant d-electrons in FeO may be a necessary, if not sufficient, condition for the apparent alloying of FeO with Fe. Such alloying may allow oxygen to be incorporated into the outer core.
Fine-grained tailings discharged from a taconite-ore processing operation near the shore of Lake Superior produced turbidity currents that transported the sediment from a small delta into deep water at Silver Bay, Minnesota. Deposition over nearly 20 years produced a sublacustrine fan with two prominent channels. During 1972 and 1973, a current meter anchored 5 m above the lake floor adjacent to one of the channels recorded episodic turbidity-current flow events lasting as long as two weeks. To understand flow parameters for turbidity currents better, a short-term experiment within a channel on Reserve Fan in 1975 measured those variables not previously directly observed for channelized turbidity currents: flow thickness, flow density, and concurrent velocity. The observed flow thickness, approximately 16 m, is nearly four times the channel depth. Calculations using the average flow speeds (8 to 12 cm/sec) and the dilute concentration of the flow as measured during the experiment yield a value for the drag coefficient that is in remarkable agreement with estimated values commonly used for deriving speeds of turbidity currents using dimensions of submarine channels and properties of the sediments.
A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply the distillate to a widely spaced row crop. To predict the performance of the proposed device, an empirical equation for distillate production, dp, is developed from reported solar still production rates, and a modified Jensen-Haise equation is used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration, et, for a row crop. Monthly values for et and dp are calculated by using a generalized row crop at five locations in the Western United States. Calculated et values range from 1 to 22 cm month−1 and calculated dp values range from 2 to 11 cm month−1, depending on the location, the month, and the crop average. When the sum of dp plus precipitation, dp + P, is compared to et for the case of 50% distillation irrigation system coverage, the results indicate that the crop's et is matched by dp + P, at the cooler locations only. However, when the system coverage is increased to 66%, the crop's et is matched by dp + P even at the hottest location. Potential advantages of distillation irrigation include the ability: (a) to convert impaired water resources to water containing no salts or sediments; and (b) to efficiently and automatically irrigate crops at a rate that is controlled primarily by radiation intensities. The anticipated disadvantages of distillation irrigation include: (a) the high costs of a system, due to the large amounts of sheeting required, the short lifetime of the sheeting, and the physically cumbersome nature of a system; (b) the need for a widely spaced crop to reduce shading of the system by the crop; and (c) the production of a concentrated brine or precipitate, requiring proper off-site disposal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-3774(89)90019-X","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1989, Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation: Agricultural Water Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 253-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(89)90019-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024be4b0c8380cd4ffac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016408,"text":"70016408 - 1989 - Estimating constituent loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:47:08","indexId":"70016408","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating constituent loads","docAbstract":"Several recent articles have called attention to the problem of retransformation bias, which can arise when log linear regression models are used to estimate sediment or other constituent loads. In some cases the bias can lead to underestimation of constituent loads by as much as 50%, and several procedures have been suggested for reducing or eliminating it. However, some of the procedures recommended for reducing the bias can actually increase it. This paper compares the bias and variance of three procedures that can be used with log linear regression models: the traditional rating curve estimator, a modified rating curve method, and a minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE). Analytical derivations of the bias and efficiency of all three estimators are presented. It is shown that for many conditions the traditional and the modified estimator can provide satisfactory estimates. However, other conditions exist where they have substantial bias and a large mean square error. These conditions commonly occur when sample sizes are small, or when loads are estimated during high-flow conditions. The MVUE, however, is unbiased and always performs nearly as well or better than the rating curve estimator or the modified estimator provided that the hypothesis of the log linear model is correct. Since an efficient unbiased estimator is available, there seems to be no reason to employ biased estimators.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i005p00937","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., DeLong, L.L., Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and Wells, D.K., 1989, Estimating constituent loads: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 937-942, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i005p00937.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"942","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b11e4b0c8380cd52556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Lewis L.","contributorId":91146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilroy, Edward J.","contributorId":50524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Deborah K.","contributorId":65867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015497,"text":"70015497 - 1989 - Artificial reef observations from a manned submersible off southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015497","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial reef observations from a manned submersible off southeast Florida","docAbstract":"Examination of 16 artificial reef structures in depths ranging from 30-120m indicated that the highest numbers of fish are found around reefs in water shallower than 46m. Fewer fish, especially those with tropical coral reef affinities, <46m was probably caused by a thermocline. Algae and reef community encrusters, abundant on shallower structures, were absent below 46m. Structures that penetrated above the thermocline, such as upright oil rigs and a hopper barge, were also effective reefs. The open structure and high profile of the rigs enhance their use as artificial reefs by providing a range of well-aerated habitats. Greatest diversity and numbers of fish were observed at the Miami sewer outfall. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., and Wicklund, R., 1989, Artificial reef observations from a manned submersible off southeast Florida: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 44, no. 2, p. 1041-1050.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1050","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb1e4b0c8380cd49955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicklund, R.I.","contributorId":89669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklund","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001349,"text":"1001349 - 1989 - An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:38:22.849368","indexId":"1001349","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys","docAbstract":"Recurring estimates of the size of animal populations are often required by biologists of wildlife managers. Because of cost or other constraints, estimates frequently lack the accuracy desired but cannot readily be improved by additional sampling. This report proposes a statistical method employing empirical Bayes (EB) estimators as alternatives to those customarily used to estimate population size, and evaluates them by a subsampling experiment on waterfowl surveys. EB estimates, especially a simple limited—translation version, were more accurate and provided shorter confidence intervals with greater coverage probabilities than customary estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941361","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1989, An empirical Bayes approach to analyzing recurring animal surveys: Ecology, v. 70, no. 4, p. 945-952, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941361.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015481,"text":"70015481 - 1989 - Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015481","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China","docAbstract":"Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in eastern China. Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolution. They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.87Sr /86 Sr is higher and143Nd/144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values. In comparison to continental potash volcanic rocks, Pb isotopes are apparently lower. These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material. The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition. ?? 1989 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Science in China Press","doi":"10.1007/BF02837837","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Junwen, W., Guanghong, X., Tatsumoto, M., and Basu, A.R., 1989, Sr, Nd, Pb Isotope geochemistry and magma evolution of the potassic volcanic rocks, Wudalianchi, Northeast China: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 4, p. 322-330, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837.","startPage":"322","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02837837"},{"id":223883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963fe4b08c986b31b3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Junwen, W.","contributorId":32683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junwen","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guanghong, X.","contributorId":33853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guanghong","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7000100,"text":"7000100 - 1989 - Transition 1988: earth science in the public service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T09:18:41","indexId":"7000100","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Transition 1988: earth science in the public service","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000100","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, Transition 1988: earth science in the public service: General Interest Publication, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000100.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015499,"text":"70015499 - 1989 - Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015499","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, like other Federal agencies, uses Hydrology Subcommittee Bulletin 17 for guidance in statistical frequency analysis of flood records. This paper describes the formal statistical and computational aspects of the Bulletin 17 methodology. The methodology includes provisions for dealing with high and low out-liers, historic peaks, and other anomalous flood data. If these options are inadequate, alternative procedures may be used if properly documented.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Kirby, W., 1989, Statistical frequency analysis of flood records, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 366-371.","startPage":"366","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972de4b08c986b31b91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, W.","contributorId":38605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015482,"text":"70015482 - 1989 - Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:24:03","indexId":"70015482","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury","docAbstract":"Water samples for dissolved mercury requires special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms. Because this acid-oxidant preservative acts as a sink for airborne mercury and plastic containers are permeable to mercury vapor, glass bottles are preferred for sample collection. To maintain a healthy work environment and minimize the potential for contamination of water samples, mercury and its compounds are isolated from the atmosphere while in storage. Concurrently, a program to monitor environmental levels of mercury vapor in areas of potential contamination is needed to define the extent of mercury contamination and to assess the effectiveness of mercury clean-up procedures.Water samples for dissolved mercury require special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1989, Preservation of samples for dissolved mercury: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267747,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03060.x"},{"id":223884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b51e4b0c8380cd7e1f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000090,"text":"7000090 - 1989 - Estimates of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the United States; a part of the Nation's energy endowment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T12:15:02","indexId":"7000090","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Estimates of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the United States; a part of the Nation's energy endowment","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000090","usgsCitation":"Mast, R., Dolton, G., Crovelli, R., Root, D.H., Attanasi, E.D., Martin, P., Cooke, L., Carpenter, G., Pecora, W., and Rose, M., 1989, Estimates of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the United States; a part of the Nation's energy endowment, 44 p., 51 refs., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000090.","productDescription":"44 p., 51 refs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":195846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015016523717"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, R. F.","contributorId":102887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolton, G.L.","contributorId":51722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, P.E.","contributorId":18869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooke, L.W.","contributorId":41545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carpenter, G.B.","contributorId":54593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pecora, W.C.","contributorId":38667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rose, M.B.","contributorId":80776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70015438,"text":"70015438 - 1989 - Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:52:59.783421","indexId":"70015438","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip amplitude are compared with nonlinear parametrizations for both slip amplitude and rupture time. Inversions using both synthetic and empirical Green's functions are considered. In general, accurate Green's functions are more readily calculable for the teleseismic problem where simple ray theory and flat-layered velocity structures are usually sufficient. However, uncertainties in the variation in t* with frequency most limit the resolution of teleseismic inversions. A set of empirical Green's functions that are well recorded at teleseismic distances could avoid the uncertainties in attenuation. In the inversion of strong motion data, the accurate calculation of propagation path effects other than attenuation effects is the limiting factor in the resolution of source parameters. The assumption of a laterally homogeneous velocity structure is usually not a good one, and the use of empirical Green's functions is desirable. Considering the parametrization of the problem, any degree of fault rupture complexity can be described in terms of a linear parametrization for slip amplitudes. However, a nonlinear parametrization for rupture times and slip amplitudes can have a distinct advantage over a simple linear one by limiting the number of unknown parameters. Regardless of the choice of data or the type of parametrization, the model or solution will be affected by the choice of minimization norm and the type of stabilization used.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB06p07515","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., 1989, Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B6, p. 7515-7534, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB06p07515.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7515","endPage":"7534","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88be4b0c8380cd4d193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015478,"text":"70015478 - 1989 - Geological hazards programs and research in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015478","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological hazards programs and research in the USA","docAbstract":"Geological hazards have been studied for centuries, but government support of research to lessen their effects is relatively new. This article briefly describes government programs and research underway in the USA that are directed towards reducing losses of life and property from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Filson, J., 1989, Geological hazards programs and research in the USA: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 5, p. 176-189.","startPage":"176","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2264e4b0c8380cd56fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filson, J.R.","contributorId":52619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filson","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015477,"text":"70015477 - 1989 - Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:33:20.134654","indexId":"70015477","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2462,"text":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway","docAbstract":"Planktic foraminiferal provinces of Caribbean DSDP Hole 502A and East Pacific DSDP Hole 503A have been analyzed and compared with benthic and planktic isotope records, carbonate, hiatus events, and sea level changes. Four major events are evident in the closure history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway, at 6.2, 4.2, 2.4 and 1.8 Ma. The faunal change at 6.2 Ma coincides with the δ13C shift and is primarily caused by upwelling in the western Caribbean. This suggests restricted circulation of intermediate water and deflection northeastward, strengthening the Gulf Stream as reflected in the first major erosion on Blake Plateau. The second faunal change, at 4.2 Ma, coincides with increased surface water salinity evident in δ18O data and indicates increasingly restricted surface water exchange. Divergence of faunal provinces beginning at 2.4 Ma is marked by increasing abundance of high salinity tolerant species (Globigerinoides ruber) in the Caribbean. This suggests that initial closure of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway and cessation of sustained surface current flow between the Pacific and Caribbean occurred as late as 2.4 Ma. Maximum divergence of faunal provinces begins at 1.8 Ma and continues to the present. This implies that at least incipient littoral-neritic leakage occurred across the Pacific-Caribbean gateway between 2.4 and 1.8 Ma, with final closure by 1.8 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-9811(89)90028-X","issn":"08959811","usgsCitation":"Keller, G., Zenker, C., and Stone, S., 1989, Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 2, no. 1, p. 73-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(89)90028-X.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a454de4b0c8380cd671cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, G.","contributorId":72527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenker, C.E.","contributorId":90884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenker","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, S.M.","contributorId":87136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015500,"text":"70015500 - 1989 - The north Panama earthquake of 7 September 1882: Evidence for active underthrusting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:24:53.495623","indexId":"70015500","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The north Panama earthquake of 7 September 1882: Evidence for active underthrusting","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790041264","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Nishenko, S., 1989, The north Panama earthquake of 7 September 1882: Evidence for active underthrusting: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 4, p. 1264-1269, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790041264.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/79/4/1264/102435/The-north-Panama-earthquake-of-7-September-1882"},{"id":224157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.25870056580271,\n 10.218595784034122\n ],\n [\n -82.25870056580271,\n 6.741965461322053\n ],\n [\n -77.55655212830268,\n 6.741965461322053\n ],\n [\n -77.55655212830268,\n 10.218595784034122\n ],\n [\n -82.25870056580271,\n 10.218595784034122\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae24e4b08c986b323f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishenko, S.","contributorId":41601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}