{"pageNumber":"4197","pageRowStart":"104900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":38315,"text":"twri06A1_chinese - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference fround-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:25:31.402001","indexId":"twri06A1_chinese","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A1","displayTitle":"A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model","title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference fround-water flow model","docAbstract":"This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main Program and a series of highly independent subroutines called 'modules.' The modules are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system which is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving linear equations which describe the flow system, such as the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe division of the program into modules permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilita development of additional capabilities because new packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing packages. The input and output systems of the computer program are also designed to permit maximum flexibility. \r\n\r\nGround-water flow within the aquifer is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow associated with external stresses, such as wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, drains, and streams, can also be simulated. The finite-difference equations can be solved using either the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe program is written in FORTRAN 77 and will run without modification on most computers that have a FORTRAN 77 compiler. For each program ,module, this report includes a narrative description, a flow chart, a list of variables, and a module listing.","language":"Chinese","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/twri06A1_chinese","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.G., Harbaugh, A.W., Guo, W., and Lu, G., 1988, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference fround-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A1, 209 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A1_chinese.","productDescription":"209 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/bk6_chpA1_Chinese/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":165338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ce4b0b290850ef18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Michael G.","contributorId":47352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guo, Weixing (translator)","contributorId":18430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Guoping","contributorId":38203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Guoping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53666,"text":"ofr86600B - 1988 - Preliminary determination of epicenters, monthly listing: April - June, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"ofr86600B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-600","chapter":"B","title":"Preliminary determination of epicenters, monthly listing: April - June, 1986","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr86600B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1988, Preliminary determination of epicenters, monthly listing: April - June, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-600, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86600B.","productDescription":"85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0600b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0600b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c5e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":532191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13179,"text":"ofr88226 - 1988 - Data report for the 1984 U.S. Geological Survey central Columbia Plateau seismic refraction experiment, Washington-Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr88226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-226","title":"Data report for the 1984 U.S. Geological Survey central Columbia Plateau seismic refraction experiment, Washington-Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88226","usgsCitation":"Cotton, J., and Catchings, R.D., 1988, Data report for the 1984 U.S. Geological Survey central Columbia Plateau seismic refraction experiment, Washington-Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-226, 56 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88226.","productDescription":"56 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0226/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41576,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0226/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotton, J.A.","contributorId":24359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49392,"text":"ofr88400C - 1988 - New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, March 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr88400C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-400","chapter":"C","title":"New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, March 1988","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88400C","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, March 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-400, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88400C.","productDescription":"94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0400c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0400c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34732,"text":"b1816 - 1988 - Surficial geology of the Sheridan 30' X 60' quadrangle, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T21:13:22.168659","indexId":"b1816","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1816","title":"Surficial geology of the Sheridan 30' X 60' quadrangle, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1816","usgsCitation":"Hinrichs, E.N., 1988, Surficial geology of the Sheridan 30' X 60' quadrangle, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1816, Report: iv, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 26.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1816.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 26.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109797,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21955.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21955"},{"id":62594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1816/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62593,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1816/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1816/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Sheridan 30' X 60' quadrangle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6888e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinrichs, E. Neal","contributorId":46488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Neal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38450,"text":"pp1408E - 1988 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13849,"text":"ofr85559 - 1986 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr85559","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38450,"text":"pp1408E - 1988 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408E","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:49:31","indexId":"pp1408E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"E","title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Amounts of water withdrawn and consumptively used for irrigation \nand other uses on the Snake River Plain were estimated to help deter- \nmine hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water use. Irrigation is \nthe largest off stream use of water on the plain. Surface-water irriga- \ntion began in the 1840's and increased rapidly through the early 1900's. \nUse of ground water for irrigation accelerated after World War II. In \n1980, about 3.1 million acres were irrigated: 1.0 million acres were \nirrigated with about 2.3 million acre-feet of ground water; 2.0 million \nacres were irrigated with about 12.7 million acre-feet of surface water; \n0.1 million acres were irrigated with combined surface and ground water. \nHistorical changes in aquifer storage and spring discharge are closely \nrelated to changes in irrigation practices.\nIndustries, including aquaculture, withdrew an estimated 1.97 million \nacre-feet of water. Withdrawals for other offstream uses, including public \nand rural supplies, totaled 132,000 acre-feet. Hydroelectric power \ngeneration is an economically important instream use of water. In \n1980, about 52 million acre-feet of surface water was used to generate \n2.6 million megawatt-hours of electricity. Native vegetation evapo- \ntranspired an estimated 3.7 million acre-feet, and 900,000 acre-feet \nevaporated from bare ground and open water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408E","usgsCitation":"Goodell, S.A., 1988, Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408E.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64930,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5eff26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodell, S. A.","contributorId":38168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38449,"text":"pp1408D - 1988 - Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21461,"text":"ofr86247 - 1987 - Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr86247","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38449,"text":"pp1408D - 1988 - Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408D","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:49:12","indexId":"pp1408D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"D","title":"Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Four geochemical approaches were used to determine chemical \nreactions controlling solute concentrations in the Snake River Plain \nregional aquifer system: (1) calculation of a solute balance within the \naquifer, (2) identification of weathered products in the aquifer frame- \nwork, (3) comparison of thermodynamic mineral saturation indices with \nplausible solute reactions, and (4) comparison of stable-isotope ratios \nof the solutes with those in the aquifer framework. Solutes in the geo- \nthermal groundwater system underlying the main aquifer were examined \nby calculating thermodynamic mineral saturation indices, stable-isotope \nratios, geothermometry, and radiocarbon dating.\nWater budgets, hydrologic arguments, and isotopic analyses for the \neastern Snake River Plain aquifer system demonstrate that most, if not \nall, water is of local meteoric and not juvenile or formation origin. Thus, \nthe solutes must also originate within the basin. Solute balance, isotopic, \nmineralogic, and thermodynamic arguments suggest that about 20 per- \ncent of the solutes leaving the basin are derived from reactions with \nrocks forming the aquifer framework. Most of the remaining solutes \nare introduced from tributary drainage basins.\nMass-balance calculations, thermodynamic arguments, and petro- \ngraphic observations indicate that calcite and silica are precipitated in \nthe aquifer. Petrographic evidence and thermodynamic arguments sug- \ngest that olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, pyrite, and anhydrite are being \nweathered from the aquifer framework. Large amounts of sodium, \nchloride, and sulfate, relative to their concentration in the igneous rock, \nare being removed from the aquifer. Release of fluids from inclusions \nin the igneous rocks and initial flushing of grain boundaries and pores \nof detrital marine sediments in interbeds are believed to be a major \nsource of these solutes. Identification and quantification of reactions \ncontrolling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain \nindicate that the aquifer is not a large mixing vessel that simply stores \nand transmits water and solutes but is undergoing diagenesis and is \nboth a source and a sink for solutes.\nEvaluation of solute concentrations and stable-isotope ratios of \nhydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sulfur along groundwater flowpaths that \ntransect irrigated areas suggests that irrigation water may have altered \nsolute concentrations and isotope ratios in the eastern Snake River Plain \naquifer system. The changes, however, have been small because of the \nsimilarity of solute concentrations and ratios in applied irrigation water \nand in native ground water, and because of rapid movement and large \ndispersivity of the aquifer.\nReactions controlling solutes in the western Snake River basin are \nbelieved to be similar to those in the eastern basin but, because of dif- \nferent hydrologic conditions, a definitive analysis could not be made.\nThe regional geothermal system that underlies the Snake River Plain \ncontains total dissolved solids similar to those in the overlying Snake \nRiver Plain aquifer system but contains higher concentrations of sodium, \nbicarbonate, silica, fluoride, sulfate, chloride, arsenic, boron, and lithium,\nand lower concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen. These \nsolutes are believed to be derived from reactions similar to those in the \nSnake River Plain aquifer system, except that ion exchange and hydrol- \nysis play a role in controlling solute concentrations in the geothermal \nsystem.\nGeothermometry calculations of selected ground-water samples from \nknown geothermal areas throughout the basin suggest that the geother- \nmal system is large in areal extent but has relatively low temperatures. \nApproximately half of the silica-quartz calculated water temperatures \nare greater than 90 °C. Radiocarbon dating of geothermal water in the \nSalmon Falls and Bruneau-Grand View areas in the south central part \nof the Snake River basin suggests that residence time of the geother- \nmal water is about 17,700 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408D","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1988, Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408D.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ed9fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":219842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":63584,"text":"gp987D - 1988 - The magnetic field of the earth— 1985: Declination chart","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T20:01:59.25269","indexId":"gp987D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"987","chapter":"D","title":"The magnetic field of the earth— 1985: Declination chart","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp987D","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., and Zunde, A., 1988, The magnetic field of the earth— 1985: Declination chart: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 987, 1 Plate: 48.12 × 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp987D.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 48.12 × 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0987d/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":391699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6332.htm"},{"id":186878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"40053700","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b9e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zunde, A.K.","contributorId":21946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zunde","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27620,"text":"wri864113 - 1988 - Hydrologic analysis of the Rio Grande basin north of Embudo, New Mexico, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T15:35:03.304208","indexId":"wri864113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4113","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the Rio Grande basin north of Embudo, New Mexico, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Water yield was estimated for each of the five regions that represent contrasting hydrologic regimes in the 10,400 square miles of the Rio Grande basin above Embudo, New Mexico. Water yield was estimated as 2,800 cubic feet per second for the San Juan Mountains, and 28 cubic feet per second for the Taos Plateau. Evapotranspiration exceeded precipitation by 150 cubic feet per second on the Costilla Plains and 2,400 cubic feet per second on the Alamosa Basin. A three-dimensional model was constructed to represent the aquifer system in the Alamosa Basin. A preliminary analysis concluded that: (1) a seven-layer model representing 3,200 feet of saturated thickness could accurately simulate the behavior of the flow equation; and (2) the 1950 condition was approximately stable and would be a satisfactory initial condition. Reasonable modifications to groundwater withdrawals simulated 1950-79 water-level declines close to measured value. Sensitivity tests indicated that evapotranspiration salvage was the major source, 69 to 82 percent, of groundwater withdrawals. Evapotranspiration salvage was projected to be the source of most withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864113","usgsCitation":"Hearne, G.A., and Dewey, J.D., 1988, Hydrologic analysis of the Rio Grande basin north of Embudo, New Mexico, Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4113, Report: vii, 244 p.; 1 Plate: 19.60 × 26.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864113.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 244 p.; 1 Plate: 19.60 × 26.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4113/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56486,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4113/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56487,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395408,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36557.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande basin north of Embudo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.533,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.183,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.183,\n              38.436\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.533,\n              38.436\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.533,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearne, G. A.","contributorId":6450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, J. D.","contributorId":103326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12975,"text":"ofr87450R - 1988 - A summary of petroleum plays and characteristics of the Michigan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr87450R","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-450","chapter":"R","title":"A summary of petroleum plays and characteristics of the Michigan basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87450R","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., 1988, A summary of petroleum plays and characteristics of the Michigan basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-450, 33 leaves :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87450R.","productDescription":"33 leaves :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0450r/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0450r/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":167066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64224,"text":"gp978 - 1988 - Bouguer gravity anomaly map and four derivative maps of Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T18:49:45.536324","indexId":"gp978","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"978","title":"Bouguer gravity anomaly map and four derivative maps of Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp978","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., and Kleinkopf, M.D., 1988, Bouguer gravity anomaly map and four derivative maps of Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 978, 3 Plates: 42.99 x 33.79 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp978.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 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,{"id":12212,"text":"ofr88489A - 1988 - A personal computer version of PHAS20, for the simultaneous multiple regression of thermochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T17:43:42","indexId":"ofr88489A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-489","chapter":"A","title":"A personal computer version of PHAS20, for the simultaneous multiple regression of thermochemical data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88489A","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., Parks, G.A., Haas, J., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1988, A personal computer version of PHAS20, for the simultaneous multiple regression of thermochemical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-489, iv, 119 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88489A.","productDescription":"iv, 119 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":40367,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0489a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0489a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, George A.","contributorId":41433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":31397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":165497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":14512,"text":"ofr88473 - 1988 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr88473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-473","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988","docAbstract":"All hydrologic investigations in the New Mexico District in progress during fiscal year 1988 are summarized. The summaries include sections on the problem addressed, the objective and approach of the investigation, progress of the investigation. Reports released during 1986 and 1987 are listed. The New Mexico District office organization, cooperating agencies, and types of funding for the District operation are also summarized. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88473","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R.L., 1988, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-473, viii, 93 p. :maps ;1988., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88473.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p. :maps ;1988.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0473/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0473/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L. (compiler)","contributorId":68746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12973,"text":"ofr88101 - 1988 - Airborne precision mapping system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr88101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-101","title":"Airborne precision mapping system","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88101","usgsCitation":"Chapman, W., and Cyran, E., 1988, Airborne precision mapping system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-101, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88101.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, W.H.","contributorId":84773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cyran, E.J.","contributorId":39792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39783,"text":"pp1459 - 1988 - Geology of the Silsilah ring complex and associated tin mineralization, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13403,"text":"ofr85253 - 1985 - Geology of the Silsilah ring complex, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","indexId":"ofr85253","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Silsilah ring complex, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39783,"text":"pp1459 - 1988 - Geology of the Silsilah ring complex and associated tin mineralization, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","indexId":"pp1459","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Silsilah ring complex and associated tin mineralization, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:15","indexId":"pp1459","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1459","title":"Geology of the Silsilah ring complex and associated tin mineralization, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1459","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., 1988, Geology of the Silsilah ring complex and associated tin mineralization, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1459, 47 p., 3 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1459.","productDescription":"47 p., 3 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1459/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67651,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1459/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67652,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1459/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67653,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1459/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67654,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1459/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12995,"text":"ofr87548 - 1988 - Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T18:45:52.588542","indexId":"ofr87548","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-548","title":"Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84","docAbstract":"Immediately after the devastating May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, a program was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to study the streamflow and sediment characteristics of streams impacted by the eruption. Some of the data gathered in that program are presented in this report. Data are presented for two key sites in the Toutle River basin: North Fork Toutle River near Kid Valley, and Toutle River at Tower Road, near Silver Lake. The types of data presented are appropriate for use with sediment transport formulas; however, the data are also intended for use in a wide variety of additional applications. The data presented in this report are unique because they delineate flow conditions possessing great potential fo sediment transport. The data define unusually high suspended-sediment concentration. Data defining hydraulic, peak discharge, suspended-sediment, and bed-material characteristics are presented. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87548","usgsCitation":"Childers, D., Hammond, S.E., and Johnson, W.P., 1988, Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-548, viii, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87548.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0548/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0548/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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,{"id":27757,"text":"wri884122 - 1988 - Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:08:25","indexId":"wri884122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4122","title":"Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Effective management of ground-water resources requires knowledge of all components of the water budget for the aquifer of interest. Efforts to simulate ground-water flow prior to development and the effects of proposed pumping in several of North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers have been hindered by the lack of reliable estimates of ground-water recharge. This study was done to (1) review the methods that have been used to measure recharge, (2) review the theory of unsaturated flow and the methods for characterizing the physical properties of unsaturated media, (3) consider the relative merits of a rigorous data-intensive approach versus an estimation approach to the study of recharge, and (4) review past and current agronomic research in North Dakota for applicability of the research and the data generated to the study of recharge.</p><p>Direct, quantitative techniques for evaluating recharge are rarely applied. The theory for computing fluxes in unsaturated media is well established and numerous physics-based models that effectively implement the theory are available, but the data required for the models generally are lacking. Many parametric approaches have been developed to avoid the large data requirements of the physics-based approaches for analyzing flow in the unsaturated zone. However, the parametric approaches normally include fitting coefficients that must be calibrated for every study site, thereby detracting from the general utility of the parametric approach. </p><p>The functional relation of matric potential to moisture content is required for physics-based soil-water models, whether analytic or numeric. Laboratory methods to determine these relations are tedious, costly, and may not give results representative of the soils as they occur in the field. Many models have been proposed to estimate the moisture-characteristic curve and hydraulic-conductivity function from basic soil properties, but none yield results that are universally satisfactory. In situ methods, because they require minimal disturbance of the soil profile and may be used repeatedly on the same soil mass, have become the preferred means for acquiring physical data, especially hydraulic conductivity. Hydro logic investigations, except for recent studies of hazardous-waste disposal sites, rarely have included physical characterizations of unsaturated media. </p><p>Any of four phenomena could hinder attempts to simulate unsaturated flow in settings typical of North Dakota; variability of soil properties, hysteresis, frozen ground, and macropore development. The spatial and temporal variability of soil properties probably is the greatest complicating phenomenon and must be dealt with by detailed characterization of the properties. Hysteresis can detract from the accuracy of flow calculations&nbsp;for some soils under certain conditions but, for the present, our scant knowledge of soil physical properties is a greater hindrance to reliable soi1-water mode 1 ing than is the hysteresis phenomenon. A1 though seasona1ly frozen ground undoubtedly affects hydrologic processes in North Dakota, much more research is needed before meaningful quantitative treatment is possible. Finally, macropores can influence soil-water movement significantly, but macropore development may not be common on the intensively farmed, coarse-textured soils that typically overlie North Dakota's glacial aquifers. Lysimetry currently is the only reliable means of analyzing macropore flow.</p><p>The soil-related research that has been conducted in North Dakota to date (1983) provides little of the type of information required to estimate ground-water recharge. Useful data could be developed by systematically evaluating the hydraulic characteristics of the prominent soil types overlying North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers. These data would be required to enable use of a physics-based approach to estimating recharge. The size of the aquifer under study, its economic value, and the resources available for data collection should be considered when choosing between parametric or physics-based methods. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884122","usgsCitation":"Horak, W., 1988, Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4122, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884122.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a80f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horak, W.F.","contributorId":82326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21491,"text":"ofr89343 - 1988 - Oak Ridge fault, Ventura basin, California: Slip rates and late Quaternary history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T19:58:19.220557","indexId":"ofr89343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-343","title":"Oak Ridge fault, Ventura basin, California: Slip rates and late Quaternary history","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89343","usgsCitation":"Yeats, R.S., 1988, Oak Ridge fault, Ventura basin, California: Slip rates and late Quaternary history: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-343, Report: 30 p.; 6 Plates: 48.96 × 22.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89343.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 6 Plates: 48.96 × 22.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410383,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51057,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51056,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51055,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51054,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51053,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0343/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Oak Ridge fault, Ventura basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.313,\n              34.469\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.313,\n              34.208\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.711,\n              34.208\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.711,\n              34.469\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.313,\n              34.469\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeats, Robert S.","contributorId":19954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeats","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27433,"text":"wri884008 - 1988 - Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri884008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4008","title":"Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, conducted a hydrologic investigation of the lower Little Red River from near Searcy, Arkansas (mi 31.7), to the river 's mouth at its confluence with the White River. During 1983 and 1984, data were collected on streamflow, stream altitude, groundwater altitude and diversion pumping from the Little Red River. Flow in the Little Red River near Searcy is computed by using a modified stage/fall/discharge relation and stage data collected at Searcy and at Judsonia 6.5 mi downstream. This procedure uses a family of 12 rating curves that can be selected by stage records at Searcy and fall records between Searcy and Judsonia. A comparison of water levels in the river to water levels in selected alluvial wells near the river indicates that the Little Red is a gaining stream during summer and fall low periods and is a losing stream during periods of high flow. Flows in the lower Little Red River are also significantly affected by releases from Greers Ferry Reservoir at mi 78.8 and by varying backwater conditions resulting from high stages on the White River. To meet the expressed needs of the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, a mass balance procedure was developed to be used for estimating the amount of streamflow available along a reach of stream, given a minimum instream flow requirement set by the regulating authority. This procedure was coded into a computer program that can be invoked interactively as an aid in making streamflow allocation decisions and in maintaining related data bases. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884008","usgsCitation":"Grosz, G., Terry, J.E., and Hall, A., 1988, Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4008, iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884008.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosz, G.D.","contributorId":90340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terry, J. E.","contributorId":87930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, A.P.","contributorId":19521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13890,"text":"ofr88221 - 1988 - Geochemical results and sample locality map of the stream sediment and nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Iditarod Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:38","indexId":"ofr88221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-221","title":"Geochemical results and sample locality map of the stream sediment and nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Iditarod Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88221","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Arbogast, B., and Hudson, A., 1988, Geochemical results and sample locality map of the stream sediment and nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Iditarod Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-221, 69 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88221.","productDescription":"69 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42508,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arbogast, B. F.","contributorId":60623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"B. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, A.E.","contributorId":28604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":42882,"text":"ofr88363 - 1988 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Pilot Creek Quadrangle, Humboldt and Trinity counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:25:25","indexId":"ofr88363","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-363","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Pilot Creek Quadrangle, Humboldt and Trinity counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88363","usgsCitation":"Aalto, K.R., Irwin, W.P., and Kelsey, H., 1988, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Pilot Creek Quadrangle, Humboldt and Trinity counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-363, Map: 45 x 34 cm., on sheet 61 x 77 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88363.","productDescription":"Map: 45 x 34 cm., on sheet 61 x 77 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108737,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17418.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"17418"},{"id":80706,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0363/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aalto, K. R.","contributorId":83584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aalto","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William Porter","contributorId":85648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Porter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14518,"text":"ofr88255 - 1988 - Data report for the 1979 seismic-refraction experiment in the Imperial Valley Region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr88255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-255","title":"Data report for the 1979 seismic-refraction experiment in the Imperial Valley Region, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88255","usgsCitation":"Kohler, W., and Fuis, G., 1988, Data report for the 1979 seismic-refraction experiment in the Imperial Valley Region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-255, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88255.","productDescription":"96 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0255/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14216,"text":"ofr88353 - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Worm Creek Wilderness Study Area, Bear Lake County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:51","indexId":"ofr88353","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-353","title":"Mineral resources of the Worm Creek Wilderness Study Area, Bear Lake County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88353","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., and Rains, R.L., 1988, Mineral resources of the Worm Creek Wilderness Study Area, Bear Lake County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-353, 14 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88353.","productDescription":"14 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0353/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42900,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, B. B.","contributorId":46092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rains, Richard L.","contributorId":32179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rains","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13526,"text":"ofr88566 - 1988 - Trace element and rare earth element variation in fluorites collected from skarn and epithermal mineral deposits in the Sierra Cuchillo area, south-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr88566","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-566","title":"Trace element and rare earth element variation in fluorites collected from skarn and epithermal mineral deposits in the Sierra Cuchillo area, south-central New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88566","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R., 1988, Trace element and rare earth element variation in fluorites collected from skarn and epithermal mineral deposits in the Sierra Cuchillo area, south-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-566, 108 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88566.","productDescription":"108 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0566/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42003,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0566/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42004,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0566/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42005,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0566/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12916,"text":"ofr88380 - 1988 - Velocity logging and seismic velocity of rocks in the Rainier Mesa area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr88380","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-380","title":"Velocity logging and seismic velocity of rocks in the Rainier Mesa area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88380","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., and Magner, J.E., 1988, Velocity logging and seismic velocity of rocks in the Rainier Mesa area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-380, 233 p. ill., map ;1988., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88380.","productDescription":"233 p. ill., map ;1988.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41336,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41337,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41338,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41339,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41340,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41341,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41342,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41343,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41344,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41345,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41346,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41347,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41348,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0380/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magner, J. E.","contributorId":87131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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