{"pageNumber":"42","pageRowStart":"1025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":38122,"text":"ofr99564 - 1999 - Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Orange County, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:43:48","indexId":"ofr99564","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-564","title":"Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Orange County, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99564","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Meier, A.L., Jackson, J., Barden, R., Wormington, P., Wormington, J., and Seal, R., 1999, Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Orange County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-564, 1 v. 74 p.  :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99564.","productDescription":"1 v. 74 p.  :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0564/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0564/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, J.C.","contributorId":104503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barden, Ryan","contributorId":28294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barden","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wormington, P.J.","contributorId":27910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wormington","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wormington, J.D.","contributorId":51354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wormington","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":23026,"text":"ofr99537 - 1999 - Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:43:02","indexId":"ofr99537","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-537","displayTitle":"Analytical Results for 35 Mine-Waste Tailings Cores and Six Bed-Sediment Samples, and An Estimate of the Volume of Contaminated Material at Buckeye Meadow on Upper Basin Creek, Northern Jefferson County, Montana","title":"Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Metal-mining related wastes in the Boulder River basin study area in northern Jefferson County, Montana have been implicated in their detrimental effects on water quality with regard to acid-generation and toxic-metal solubilization. Flotation-mill tailings in the meadow below the Buckeye mine, hereafter referred to as the Buckeye mill-tailings site, have been identified as significant contributors to water quality degradation of Basin Creek, Montana. Basin Creek is one of three tributaries to the Boulder River in the study area; bed sediments and waters draining from the Buckeye mine have also been implicated. Geochemical analysis of 35 tailings cores and six bed-sediment samples was undertaken to determine the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb,and Zn present in these materials. These elements are environmentally significant, in that they can be toxic to fish and/or the invertebrate organisms that constitute their food. A suite of one-inch cores of dispersed flotation-mill tailings and underlying premining material was taken from a large, flat area north of Basin Creek near the site of the Buckeye mine. Thirty-five core samples were taken and divided into 204 subsamples. The samples were analyzed by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy) using a mixed-acid digestion. Results of the core analyses show that the elements listed above are present at moderate to very high concentrations (arsenic to 63,000 ppm, silver to 290 ppm, cadmium to 370 ppm, copper to 4,800 ppm, lead to 93,000 ppm, and zinc to 23,000 ppm). Volume calculations indicate that an estimated 8,400 metric tons of contaminated material are present at the site. Six bed-sediment samples were also subjected to the mixed-acid total digestion, and a warm (50°C) 2M HCl-1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> leach and analyzed by ICP-AES. Results indicate that bed sediments of Basin Creek are only slightly impacted by past mining above the Buckeye-Enterprise complex, moderately impacted at the upper (eastern) end of the tailings area, and heavily impacted at the lower (western) end of the area and downstream. The metals are mostly contained in the 2M HCl-1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> leachable phase, which are the hydrous amorphous iron- and manganese-hydroxide coatings on detrital sediment particles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99537","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Church, S.E., and Finney, C.J., 1999, Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-537, Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99537.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340624,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table8.xls","text":"Table 8","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8","linkHelpText":"-  Total-digestion from residues following 2M HCl-1%H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> leach of bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Field Numbers, depths to midpoints of intervals, and interval sample descriptions for cores from Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":341919,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0537/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340623,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table7.xls","text":"Table 7","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 7","linkHelpText":"- Partial-digestion (2M HCl-1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340622,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table6.xls","text":"Table 6","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 6","linkHelpText":"- Total-digestion concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":52407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":155319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table5.xls","text":"Table 5","size":"77.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"- Concentration data for total digestions of tailings core samples by ICP-AES, upper Basin Creek, Montana"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Basin Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.34313560260196\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.79412841796875,\n              46.34313560260196\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.79412841796875,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              46.34313560260196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_co@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_co@usgs.gov\">Center Director</a>, <a href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/\" data-mce-href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/\">Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, Mail Stop 973<br> Denver, CO 80225</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods of Study</li><li>Site Descriptions</li><li>Discussion of Results</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Discussion of Results in Tables A1 Through A6</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67caac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, Christopher J.","contributorId":61853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23024,"text":"ofr99226 - 1999 - Reconnaissance of chemical and physical characteristics of selected bottom sediments of the Caloosahatchee River and estuary, tributaries, and contiguous bays, Lee County, Florida, July 20-30, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr99226","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-226","title":"Reconnaissance of chemical and physical characteristics of selected bottom sediments of the Caloosahatchee River and estuary, tributaries, and contiguous bays, Lee County, Florida, July 20-30, 1998","docAbstract":"This report summarizes a reconnaissance study, conducted July 20-30, 1998, of chemical and physical characteristics of recently deposited bottom sediments in the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary. Recently deposited sediments were identified using an isotopic chronometer, Beryllium-7 (7Be), a short-lived radioisotope. Fifty-nine sites were sampled in an area that encompasses the Caloosahatchee River (River) about three miles upstream from the Franklin Lock (S-79), the entire tidally affected length of the river (estuary), and the contiguous water bodies of Matlacha Pass, San Carlos Bay, Estero Bay, Tarpon Bay, and Pine Island Sound in Lee County, Florida. \rBottom sediments were sampled for 7Be at 59 sites. From the results of the 7Be analysis, 30 sites were selected for physical and chemical analysis. Sediments were analyzed for particle size, total organic carbon (TOC), trace elements, and toxic organic compounds, using semiquantitative methods for trace elements and organic compounds. The semiquantitative scans of trace elements indicated that cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations, when normalized to aluminum, were above the natural background range at 24 of 30 sites. Particle size and TOC were used to characterize sediment deposition patterns and organic content. Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CaPAHs) were determined at 30 sites using immunoassay analysis. The semiquantitative immunoassay analyses of toxic organic compounds indicated that all of the samples contained DDT, cyclodienes as chlordane (pesticides), and CaPAHs. PCBs were not detected. \rBased on analyses of the 30 sites, sediments at 10 of these sites were analyzed for selected trace elements and toxic organic compounds, including pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs, using quantitative laboratory procedures. No arsenic or cadmium was detected. Zinc was detected at two sites with concentrations greater than the lower limit of the range of sediment contaminant concentrations that are usually or always associated with adverse effects (Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Sediment Quality Assessment Guidelines). Organochlorine pesticides were detected at four sites at concentrations below the reporting limits; there were no organophosphorus pesticides or PCBs detected. PAHs were detected at eight sites; however, only four sites had concentrations above the reporting limit. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99226","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., Marot, M.E., and Holmes, C.W., 1999, Reconnaissance of chemical and physical characteristics of selected bottom sediments of the Caloosahatchee River and estuary, tributaries, and contiguous bays, Lee County, Florida, July 20-30, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-226, v, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99226.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-226","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario Jr.","contributorId":77155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marot, M. E.","contributorId":7733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21820,"text":"ofr99530A - 1999 - Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr99530A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-530","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99530A","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., Eppinger, R., Lason, K., and Slosarz, J., 1999, Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-530, i, 118 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99530A.","productDescription":"i, 118 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0530a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0530a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lason, Krzysztof","contributorId":25967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lason","given":"Krzysztof","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slosarz, Jadwiga","contributorId":54233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slosarz","given":"Jadwiga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21819,"text":"ofr99530B - 1999 - Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszakow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T14:53:40","indexId":"ofr99530B","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-530","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszakow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99530B","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., Eppinger, R., Lason, K., and Slosarz, J., 1999, Geologic information and analytical results for samples of drill core from the Myszakow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, southern Poland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-530, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99530B.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267237,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0530b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lason, Krzysztof","contributorId":25967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lason","given":"Krzysztof","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slosarz, Jadwiga","contributorId":54233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slosarz","given":"Jadwiga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28573,"text":"wri984254 - 1999 - Summary of information on synthetic organic compounds and trace elements in tissue of aquatic biota, Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1974-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T23:00:52.91425","indexId":"wri984254","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4254","title":"Summary of information on synthetic organic compounds and trace elements in tissue of aquatic biota, Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1974-96","docAbstract":"As part of the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins study of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, data collected between 1974 and 1996 were compiled to describe contaminants in tissue of riverine species. Tissue-contaminant data from 11 monitoring programs and studies representing 28 sites in the study area were summarized. Tissue-contaminant data for most streams generally were lacking. Many studies have focused on and around mining-affected areas on the Clark Fork and Coeur d'Alene Rivers and their major tributaries. DDT and PCBs and their metabolites and congeners were the synthetic organic contaminants most commonly detected in fish tissue. Fish collected from the Spokane River in Washington contained elevated concentrations of PCB arochlors, some of which exceeded guidelines for the protection of human health and predatory wildlife. Tissue samples of fish from the Flathead River watershed contained higher-than-expected concentrations of PCBs, which might have resulted from atmospheric transport. Trace element concentrations in fish and macroinvertebrates collected in and around mining areas were elevated compared with background concentrations. Some cadmium, copper, lead, and mercury concentrations in fish tissue were elevated compared with results from other studies, and some exceeded guidelines. Macroinvertebrates from the Coeur d'Alene River contained higher concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc than did macroinvertebrates from other river systems in mining-affected areas. A few sportfish fillet samples, most from the Spokane River in Washington, were collected to assess human health risk. Concentrations of PCBs in these fillets exceeded screening values for the protection of human health. At present, there is no coordinated, long-term fish tissue monitoring program for rivers in the study area, even though contaminants are present in fish at levels considered a threat to human health. Development of a coordinated, centralized national data base for contaminants in fish tissue is needed. The National Water-Quality Assessment Program can provide a framework for other agencies to evaluate tissue contaminants in the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins study area. As of 1996, there are no fish consumption advisories or fishing restrictions as a result of elevated contaminants on any rivers within the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984254","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., and Dutton, D., 1999, Summary of information on synthetic organic compounds and trace elements in tissue of aquatic biota, Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1974-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4254, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984254.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"61","temporalStart":"1974-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4254/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262331,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4254/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16442.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.283,\n              45.517\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.283,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.283,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.283,\n              45.517\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.283,\n              45.517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38112,"text":"ofr99342 - 1999 - Geochemical data for environmental studies of mineral deposits at Nabesna, Kennecott, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, Bremner, and Gold Hill, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:59:05","indexId":"ofr99342","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-342","title":"Geochemical data for environmental studies of mineral deposits at Nabesna, Kennecott, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, Bremner, and Gold Hill, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental geochemical investigations were carried out between 1994 and 1997 in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), Alaska. Mineralized areas studied include the historic Nabesna gold mine/mill and surrounding areas; the historic Kennecott copper mill area and nearby Bonanza, Erie, Glacier, and Jumbo mines; the historic mill and gold mines in the Bremner district; the active gold placer mines at Gold Hill; and the unmined copper-molybdenum deposits at Orange Hill and Bond Creek. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent of possible environmental hazards associated with these mineralized areas and to establish background and baseline levels for selected elements. Thus, concentrations of a large suite of trace elements were determined to assess metal loadings in the various sample media collected. This report presents the methodology, analytical results, and sample descriptions for water, leachate, sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, rock, and vegetation (willow) samples collected during these geochemical investigations. An interpretive U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper incorporating these geochemical data will follow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99342","issn":"0566-8174","isbn":"0607926759","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R., Briggs, P., Rosenkrans, D., Ballestrazze, V., Aldir, J., Brown, Z.A., Crock, J., d’Angelo, W.M., Doughten, M., Fey, D., Hageman, P., Hopkins, R., Knight, R.J., Malcolm, M., McHugh, J.B., Meier, A.L., Motooka, J.M., O’Leary, R.M., Roushey, B.H., Sultley, S., Theodorakos, P.M., and Wilson, S., 1999, Geochemical data for environmental studies of mineral deposits at Nabesna, Kennecott, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, Bremner, and Gold Hill, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-342, 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99342.","productDescription":"28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3451,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0342/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenkrans, D. S.","contributorId":53795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenkrans","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballestrazze, Vanessa","contributorId":18805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballestrazze","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aldir, Jose","contributorId":57320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldir","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hageman, P.  L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.  L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Knight, R. J.","contributorId":96255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Malcolm, M.J.","contributorId":95064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Roushey, B. H.","contributorId":84387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roushey","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sultley, S.J.","contributorId":48441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sultley","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}}
,{"id":23337,"text":"ofr99324 - 1999 - Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of equilibrium sulfur to the temperature 388.36 K, and the heat capacity of Calorimetry Conference copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr99324","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-324","title":"Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of equilibrium sulfur to the temperature 388.36 K, and the heat capacity of Calorimetry Conference copper","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99324","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., 1999, Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of equilibrium sulfur to the temperature 388.36 K, and the heat capacity of Calorimetry Conference copper: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-324, 17 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99324.","productDescription":"17 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52636,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22519,"text":"ofr99344A - 1999 - Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T21:45:32.797529","indexId":"ofr99344A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-344","chapter":"A","title":"Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","docAbstract":"Extensive reconnaissance assessments of the mineral resource potential of the Colville and Okanogan National Forests in northeastern Washington were conducted during 1979-1982 by a private consultant A.R. Grant, under contract with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. These forests occupy large parts of Pend Oreille, Stevens, Ferry, and Okanogan counties, and smaller parts of Whatcom, Skagit, and Chelan counties adjoining Okanogan County in the Cascades. Sampled terrain also included the Kaniksu National Forest in Pend Oreille County and one stream bed of the Kaniksu in adjacent Bonner County, Idaho.\n\nTwo unpublished reports resulting from the assessments (Grant, 1982a,b) list a total of 3,927 analyses of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium content of stream sediment and bedrock samples collected at widely dispersed sites in the three National Forests. This report makes this important body of work available in digital form on diskettes, to enhance manipulations with computer spreadsheets, geographic information systems (GIS), and digital spatial analyses. This will allow for utilization of data by modern day explorationists and by the general geodata user community.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99344A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D., and Chase, D.W., 1999, Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-344, Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT; Readme; Metadata; Analytical Results, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99344A.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT; Readme; Metadata; Analytical Results","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284889,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/README.txt"},{"id":422206,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19375.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52026,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/pdf/of99-344.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/of99-344.doc"},{"id":284891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/OF99-344.XLS"},{"id":1298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284888,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/of99-344.met"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Colville National Forest, Okanogan National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54efe4b0b290850f609f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, D. E.","contributorId":87577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, D. W.","contributorId":67356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014797,"text":"1014797 - 1999 - The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T15:52:33.806212","indexId":"1014797","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>","title":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout. Seven diets were each fed to four replicate lots of 300 first-feeding fry cultured in 75 l aluminum troughs for 8 weeks. Two basal diets were manufactured with approximately equal nutrient content, one using krill and squid meals and the other anchovy meal as the primary protein-containing ingredients. The meals used to manufacture the diets were separated into two fractions: lipid (ether-extractable); and protein/ash (non-ether-extractable) using a large soxhlet. The fractions were then recombined to create two additional diets; one containing anchovy protein/ash with krill/squid lipid, the other krill/squid protein/ash with fish lipid. A fifth diet recombined krill/squid protein/ash with krill/squid lipid to evaluate effects of the extraction process. Two additional treatments included a diet with a portion of the krill meal replaced by poultry by-product meal, and the basal anchovy meal diet supplemented with sodium, magnesium, and copper. Fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal as the primary protein source gained more weight (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) than fish consuming krill/squid meal-based diets. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height×100/total fish length) was greater (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) for fish consuming diets containing krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction (DFI=9.9%–10.0%) than for fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal protein/ash fraction (DFI=4.9%–5.3%), regardless of lipid source. Supplementation of the anchovy meal diet with sodium, magnesium, and copper improved (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) DFI by approximately 20%, but not to the level supported by the krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction diets. The cost of the krill meal diet was reduced by inclusion of poultry by-product meal without affecting dorsal fin condition. These data indicate that the dietary agent contributing to dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout is not present in the ether-extractable fraction of the diet, but rather in the protein or mineral fraction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F.T., and Lellis, W.A., 1999, The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 180, no. 1/2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, Frederic T.","contributorId":172541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21726,"text":"ofr99159 - 1999 - Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T06:54:28","indexId":"ofr99159","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-159","title":"Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Prospect Gulch is a major source of iron, aluminum, zinc, and other metals to\r\nCement Creek. Information is needed to prioritize remediation and develop strategies for\r\ncleanup of historical abandoned mine sites in Prospect Gulch. Chemical-constituent\r\nloads were determined in Prospect Gulch, a high-elevation alpine stream in southwestern\r\nColorado that is affected by natural acid drainage from weathering of hydro-thermally\r\naltered igneous rock and acidic metal-laden discharge from historical abandoned mines.\r\nThe objective of the study was to identify metal sources to Prospect Gulch. A tracer\r\nsolution was injected into Prospect Gulch during water-quality sampling so that loading\r\nof geochemical constituents could be calculated throughout the study reach. A\r\nthunderstorm occurred during the tracer study, hence, metal loads were measured for\r\nstorm-runoff as well as for base flow. Data from different parts of the study reach\r\nrepresents different flow conditions. The beginning of the reach represents background\r\nconditions during base flow immediately upstream from the Lark and Henrietta mines\r\n(samples PG5 to PG45). Other samples were collected during storm runoff conditions\r\n(PG100 to PG291); during the first flush of metal runoff following the onset of rainfall\r\n(PG303 to PG504), and samples PG542 to PG700 were collected during low-flow\r\nconditions.\r\nDuring base-flow conditions, the percentage increase in loads for major\r\nconstituents and trace metals was more than an order of magnitude greater than the\r\ncorresponding 36 % increase in stream discharge. Within the study reach, the highest\r\npercentage increases for dissolved loads were 740 % for iron (Fe), 465 % for aluminum\r\n(Al), 500 % for lead (Pb), 380 % for copper (Cu), 100 % for sulfate (SO4), and 50 % for\r\nzinc (Zn). Downstream loads near the mouth of Prospect Gulch often greatly exceeded\r\nthe loads generated within the study reach but varied by metal species. For example, the\r\nstudy reach accounts for about 6 % of the dissolved-Fe load, 13 % of the dissolved-Al\r\nload, and 18 % of the dissolved-Zn load; but probably contributes virtually all of the\r\ndissolved Cu and Pb. The greatest downstream gains in dissolved trace-metal loads\r\noccurred near waste-rock dumps for the historical mines. The major sources of trace\r\nmetals to the study reach were related to mining. The major source of trace metals in the\r\nreach near the mouth is unknown, however is probably related to weathering of highly\r\naltered igneous rocks, although an unknown component of trace metals could be derived\r\nfrom mining sources The late-summer storm dramatically increased the loads of most dissolved and\r\ntotal constituents. The effects of the storm were divided into two distinct periods; (1) a\r\nfirst flush of higher metal concentrations that occurred soon after rainfall began and (2)\r\nthe peak discharge of the storm runoff. The first flush contained the highest loads of\r\ndissolved Fe, total and dissolved Zn, Cu, and Cd. The larger concentrations of Fe and\r\nsulfate in the first flush were likely derived from iron hydroxide minerals such as jarosite\r\nand schwertmanite, which are common on mine dumps in the Prospect Gulch drainage\r\nbasin. Peak storm runoff contained the highest measured loads of total Fe, and of total\r\nand dissolved calcium, magnesium, silica and Al, which were probably derived from\r\nweathering of igneous rocks and clay minerals in the drainage basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99159","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., Leib, K., Bove, D.J., Mast, M., Evans, J., and Meeker, G., 1999, Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-159, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99159.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","otherGeospatial":"Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1064453125,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1064453125,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, K.J.","contributorId":62236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, J. B.","contributorId":77182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70211189,"text":"70211189 - 1999 - Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T14:23:04.58924","indexId":"70211189","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-16T13:01:48","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic mapping combined with the tephrochronology of spatially isolated sedimentary sections along the western Black Mountains piedmont adjacent the Death Valley fault zone (DVFZ) improves the late Cenozoic stratigraphy from relative age to correlated age. Pliocene tephra layers identified in Funeral Formation conglomerates at Artist Drive and Copper Canyon include a “Nomlaki-like” tephra bed (ca. 3.4 Ma), the tuffs of Mesquite Spring (3.1–3.3 Ma), and a tuff of the lower Glass Mountain family (1.86–1.92 Ma). We informally name the early(?) to middle Pleistocene Mormon Point formation1, which contains tephra layers correlated with the upper Glass Mountain/Bishop family of tephra layers (0.76–1.2 Ma), the Lava Creek B ash bed (ca. 0.66 Ma), and the Dibekulewe ash bed (ca. 0.51 Ma). Identification of these tephra layers indicates that the maximum age of the overlying and inset lacustrine gravel and alluvial fan deposits is 0.51 Ma. </p><p>The correlated age stratigraphy indicates that the dextral-oblique DVFZ has stepped basinward at Mormon Point and Copper Canyon since the late Pliocene. In contrast, during that same time the DVFZ at Artist Drive has not stepped basinward, but developed into a graben. The age of faulting on the low-angle (~19°–40°) Mormon Point turtleback fault is bracketed between 0.76 and 0.18 Ma, and the overlying Mormon Point formation shows no evidence of tilting, indicating slip on the turtleback fault was at a low-angle. Early Quaternary slip on the low-angle turtleback fault conflicts with the present versions of the pure shear, rolling-hinge, and detachment/rift models for Death Valley extension. Early Quaternary slip is most compatible with turtleback faults as folded or warped detachment fault. We propose that the warping is thermally driven and related to the Black Mountains igneous complex. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2333-7.345","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Meyer, C., Tinsley, J., Wells, S.G., and Wan, E., 1999, Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley: GSA Special Papers, v. 333, p. 345-366, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2333-7.345.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Black Mountains, Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.39941406249999,\n              40.64730356252251\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33300781249999,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.62988281249999,\n              38.75408327579141\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              35.639441068973944\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39941406249999,\n              40.64730356252251\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"333","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":81408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":793039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, S. G.","contributorId":81257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5297,"text":"fs09599 - 1999 - The USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative: Protecting and restoring the environment near abandoned mine lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T06:55:59","indexId":"fs09599","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"095-99","title":"The USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative: Protecting and restoring the environment near abandoned mine lands","docAbstract":"<p>The Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Initiative is part of a larger strategy of the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to clean up Federal lands contaminated by abandoned mines.</p><p>Thousands of abandond hard-rock metal mines (such as gold, copper, lead, and zinc) have left a dual legacy across the Western United States. They reflect the historic development of the west, yet at the same time represent a possible threat to human health and local ecosystems.</p><p>Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) are areas adjacent to or affected by abandoned mines. AML's often contain unmined mineral deposits, mine dumps (the ore and rock removed to get to the ore deposits), and tailings (the material left over from the ore processing) that contaminate the surrounding watershed and ecosystem. For example, streams near AML's can contain metals and (or) be so acidic that fish and aquatic insects cannot live in them.</p><p>Many of these abandoned hard-rock mines are located on or adjacent to public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and U.S. Forest Service. These federal land management agencies and the USGS are committed to mitigating the adverse effects that AML's can have on water quality and stream habitats.</p><p>The USGS AML Initiative began in 1997 and will continue through 2001 in two pilot watersheds - the Boulder River basin in southwestern Montana and the upper Animas River basin in southwestern Colorado. The USGS is providing a wide range of scientific expertise to help land managers minimize and, where possible, eliminate the adverse environmental effects of AML's. USGS ecologists, geologists, water quality experts, hydrologists, geochemists, and mapping and digital data collection experts are collaborating to provide the scientific knowledge needed for an effective cleanup of AML's.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs09599","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative: Protecting and restoring the environment near abandoned mine lands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 095-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09599.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31996,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0099/aml.pdf","text":"Report","size":"286 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995-0099"},{"id":121266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Goals of the USGS AML Initiative</li><li>USGS Research I Making A Difference</li><li>The Future of AML Initiative Research</li><li>Information</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6730cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197196,"text":"70197196 - 1999 - Examining risk in mineral exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:42:56","indexId":"70197196","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining risk in mineral exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Successful mineral exploration strategy requires identification of some of the risk sources and considering them in the decision-making process so that controllable risk can be reduced. Risk is defined as chance of failure or loss. Exploration is an economic activity involving risk and uncertainty, so risk also must be defined in an economic context. Risk reduction can be addressed in three fundamental ways: (1) increasing the number of examinations; (2) increasing success probabilities; and (3) changing success probabilities per test by learning. These provide the framework for examining exploration risk. First, the number of prospects examined is increased, such as by joint venturing, thereby reducing chance of&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">gambler's ruin</i><span>. Second, success probability is increased by exploring for deposit types more likely to be economic, such as those with a high proportion of world-class deposits. For example, in looking for 100+ ton (&gt;3 million oz) Au deposits, porphyry Cu-Au, or epithermal quartz alunite Au types require examining fewer deposits than Comstock epithermal vein and most other deposit types. For porphyry copper exploration, a strong positive relationship between area of sulfide minerals and deposits' contained Cu can be used to reduce exploration risk by only examining large sulfide systems. In some situations, success probabilities can be increased by examining certain geologic environments. Only 8% of kuroko massive sulfide deposits are world class, but success chances can be increased to about 15% by looking in settings containing sediments and rhyolitic rocks. It is possible to reduce risk of loss during mining by sequentially developing and expanding a mine—thus reducing capital exposed at early stages and reducing present value of risked capital. Because this strategy is easier to apply in some deposit types than in others, the strategy can affect deposit types sought. Third, risk is reduced by using prior information and by changing the independence of trials assumption, that is, by learning. Bayes' formula is used to change the probability of existence of the deposit sought on the basis of successive exploration stages. Perhaps the most important way to reduce exploration risk is to employ personnel with the appropriate experience and yet who are learning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1021838618750","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1999, Examining risk in mineral exploration: Natural Resources Research, v. 8, no. 2, p. 111-122, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021838618750.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b1591b3e4b092d9651e21f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70220369,"text":"70220369 - 1999 - Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:10:53.198343","indexId":"70220369","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T16:10:41","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The elements oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon are important constituents of hydrothermal ore-forming systems and the weathering processes of mineral deposits in the surficial environment. They also play key roles in volcanic activity, ecosystem dynamics, climate change, and hydrologic and atmospheric processes. Therefore, study of the stable isotopes of these elements can provide powerful insights into these processes. This is especially true for ongoing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) projects in the Eastern United States that are concerned with the origins of base (copper, lead, and zinc) and precious (gold and silver) metal deposits in the Carolina slate belt and northern Maine and with the environmental effects of weathering of mineral deposits (fig. 1).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220369","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., 1999, Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220369.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/seal2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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          39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              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            ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              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              31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                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        ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70220368,"text":"70220368 - 1999 - Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:08:19.512337","indexId":"70220368","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T16:08:04","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>A thorough understanding of the environmental processes that affect mineral deposits and mine wastes has become increasingly important as the Nation wrestles with how to meet our current demand for metals without compromising the environment and how to mitigate the damage caused by the mining practices of previous generations. Regulatory requirements are dominated by empirical approaches to environmental problems associated with mining, but mitigation and reclamation can be enhanced greatly by a theoretical and conceptual understanding of the processes that affect the availability, transport, and fixation of metals and the generation of acidic waters.</span></p><p><span>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research efforts in the Eastern United States are concentrating on environmental processes that affect a class of mineral deposits known as massive sulfide deposits. These occurrences were valued historically for their sulfur content and recently for their metals. This deposit type is a research priority because of its economic significance and high potential for adverse environmental impact due to its high sulfide content and the low acid-buffering capacity of host rocks. Numerous examples of these deposits are found in the East, including reclaimed mine sites, abandoned mines, active mines, and sites currently in the permitting process for future production.</span></p><p><span>Published studies of mine drainage chemistry from the Iron Mountain massive sulfide deposit in California have documented extreme conditions of very low pH and high heavy-metal concentrations. These extreme conditions are attributed to the unique hydrologic and climatic settings of the deposit and probably are independent of the mineral deposit type.</span></p><p><span>Areas currently under study include Bald Mountain, Maine, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Vermont copper belt, Contrary Creek, Virginia, and Prince William Forest Park, Virginia (fig.1). Goals of the research are (1) to give land-use planners and the mining industry a better empirical framework from which to assess potential environmental impacts of mining, particularly under eastern climatic conditions, and (2) to provide a better theoretical and conceptual framework from which to design more effective and cost efficient mitigation and reclamation programs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220368","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., 1999, Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220368.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/seal1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022032,"text":"70022032 - 1999 - Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:33:15","indexId":"70022032","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3609,"text":"Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","docAbstract":"Periphyton samples from the Big Cypress National Preserve were analyzed for concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and methylmercury. Concentrations of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in periphyton samples also were determined. The samples were extracted with sodium acetate solution at a pH of 5.5 to determine exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations in periphyton. Total metal concentrations in the periphyton were directly related to the degree of calcite saturation in the water column. Exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations were directly related to the percent inorganic carbon in the samples. A connection between the geochemistry of trace metals and calcite precipitation and dissolution is suggested.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02772249909358754","issn":"02772248","usgsCitation":"Cox, T., Simon, N., and Newland, L., 1999, Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v. 70, no. 3-4, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358754.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc01e4b0c8380cd4e093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, T.","contributorId":42249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newland, L.","contributorId":96444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022163,"text":"70022163 - 1999 - Evaluation of the sulfur isotopic composition and homogeneity of the Soufre de Lacq reference material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022163","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the sulfur isotopic composition and homogeneity of the Soufre de Lacq reference material","docAbstract":"Sulfur isotopic analysis of the elemental sulfur reference material Soufre de Lacq, prepared as silver sulfide by chromous chloride reduction and as copper sulfide by sealed-tube synthesis, indicates that Soufre de Lacq is isotopically homogeneous across different size fractions to within analytical uncertainty (??0.15???). The sulfur isotopic composition of aliquots of Soufre de Lacq prepared by these two techniques are identical to within analytical uncertainty. The mean sulfur isotopic composition for Soufre de Lacq prepared as silver sulfide and copper sulfide (relative to VCDT) is +16.20 ?? 0.15??? (1??).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00159-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Carmody, R., and Seal, R., 1999, Evaluation of the sulfur isotopic composition and homogeneity of the Soufre de Lacq reference material: Chemical Geology, v. 153, no. 1-4, p. 289-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00159-4.","startPage":"289","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00159-4"},{"id":230522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf6e4b0c8380cd52d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmody, R.W.","contributorId":65103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmody","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021440,"text":"70021440 - 1999 - Dietary effects of metals-contaminated invertebrates from the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, on cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T14:14:18","indexId":"70021440","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary effects of metals-contaminated invertebrates from the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, on cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"Benthic macroinvertebrates with elevated concentrations of metals were collected from the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River, Idaho, pasteurized, and fed to cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in the laboratory from start of feeding until 90 d posthatch. Invertebrates were collected from two sites known to contain elevated concentrations of metals: near Pinehurst in the South Fork of the CDA River and at Cataldo, approximately 5 km below the confluence of the South Fork and the North Fork. Invertebrates collected from a relatively clean site in the North Fork were used as a reference diet. We performed measurements of fish health that indicate reduced fitness of fish fed the South Fork and Cataldo diets. Effects measured were reduced feeding activity, increased number of macrophage aggregates and hyperplasia of cells in the kidney, degeneration of mucosal epithelium in the pyloric caecae, and metallothionein induction. These effects would likely reduce growth and survival of fish in the wild. Vacuolization of glial cells were also observed in fish fed the Cataldo diet. Metals in the water often exacerbated the histological effects observed. Although the invertebrates collected near Cataldo had lower concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) than the invertebrates from the South Fork, fish fed the Cataldo diet had equally high or higher concentrations of all metals except as by day 44. The Cataldo diet also caused the most deleterious effects on survival and growth. These findings are especially important for early life stage fish, whose diet consists wholly of benthic macroinvertebrates. Therefore, fish feeding on invertebrates in the CDA River below the Bunker Hill smelting complex are at risk of reduced fitness.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0578:DEOMCI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Woodward, D.F., Brumbaugh, W., Goldstein, J., MacConnell, E., Hogstrand, C., and Barrows, F., 1999, Dietary effects of metals-contaminated invertebrates from the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, on cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 4, p. 578-592, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0578:DEOMCI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"592","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00dde4b0c8380cd4f971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W.","contributorId":20104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, J.N.","contributorId":105454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hogstrand, Christer","contributorId":22926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogstrand","given":"Christer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021441,"text":"70021441 - 1999 - Diffuse-flow hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting, Northeast Pacific: Deposit composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:43:42","indexId":"70021441","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1613,"text":"Exploration and Mining Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffuse-flow hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting, Northeast Pacific: Deposit composition","docAbstract":"This is the first reported occurrence of an active hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting. The hydrothermal field occurs in a pull-apart basin within the Blanco Fracture Zone (BFZ), which has four distinct mineral deposit types: (1) barite mounds and chimneys, (2) barite stockwork breccia, (3) silica-barite beds, and (4) silica, barite, and Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide in sediments. All deposit types contain minor amounts of sulfides. In barite stockwork, silica-barite beds, and mineralized sediment, Ba, Ph, Ag, S, Au, Zn, Cu, Hg, TI, As, Mo, Sb, U, Cd, and Cu are enriched relative to unmineralized rocks and sediments of the BFZ. Fe and Mn are not enriched in the barite stockwork or silica-barite beds, but along with P, Co, and Mg are enriched in the mineralized sediments. Silver contents in deposits of the hydrothermal field range up to 86 ppm, gold to 0.7 ppm, zinc to 3.2%, copper to 0.8%, and barium to 22%. Mineralization occurred by diffuse, low to intermediate temperature (mostly <250??C) discharge of hydrothermal fluids through pillow lavas and ponds of mixed volcaniclastic and biosiliceous sediments. Bacterial mats were mineralized by silica, barite, and minor Fe hydroxides, or less commonly, by Mn oxyhydroxides. Pervasive mineralization of bacterial mats resulted in formation of silica-barite beds. Silica precipitated from hydrothermal fluids by conductive cooling and mixing with seawater. Sulfate, U, and rare earth elements (REEs) in barite were derived from seawater, whereas the REE content of hydrothermal silica deposits and mineralized sediments is associated with the aluminosilicate detrital fraction. Fe-, Zn-, Cu-, Pb-, and Hg-sulfide minerals, Ba in barite, and Eu in all mineralized deposits were derived from hydrothermal fluids. Manganese oxides and associated elements (Co, Sb, Mo, W, Cl, and Cu) and Fe oxides and associated elements (Be, B, P, and Mo) precipitated as the result of mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. ?? 2001 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exploration and Mining Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09641823","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Koski, R., Embley, R., Reid, J., and Chang, S., 1999, Diffuse-flow hydrothermal field in an oceanic fracture zone setting, Northeast Pacific: Deposit composition: Exploration and Mining Geology, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 299-322.","startPage":"299","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010fe4b0c8380cd4fa9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Embley, R.W.","contributorId":28616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, J.","contributorId":42542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chang, S.-W.","contributorId":36015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"S.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021265,"text":"70021265 - 1999 - The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021265","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout. Seven diets were each fed to four replicate lots of 300 first-feeding fry cultured in 75 1 aluminum troughs for 8 weeks. Two basal diets were manufactured with approximately equal nutrient content, one using krill and squid meals and the other anchovy meal as the primary protein-containing ingredients. The meals used to manufacture the diets were separated into two fractions: lipid (ether-extractable); and protein/ash (non-ether-extractable) using a large soxhlet. The fractions were then recombined to create two additional diets; one containing anchovy protein/ash with krill/squid lipid, the other krill/squid protein/ash with fish lipid. A fifth diet recombined krill/squid protein/ash with krill/squid lipid to evaluate effects of the extraction process. Two additional treatments included a diet with a portion of the krill meal replaced by poultry by-product meal, and the basal anchovy meal diet supplemented with sodium, magnesium, and copper. Fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal as the primary protein source gained more weight (P < 0.05) than fish consuming krill/squid meal-based diets. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height x 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.05) for fish consuming diets containing krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 9.9%-10.0%) than for fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 4.9%-5.3%), regardless of lipid source. Supplementation of the anchovy meal diet with sodium, magnesium, and copper improved (P < 0.05) DFI by approximately 20%, but not to the level supported by the krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction diets. The cost of the krill meal diet was reduced by inclusion of poultry by-product meal without affecting dorsal fin condition. These data indicate that the dietary agent contributing to dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout is not present in the ether-extractable fraction of the diet, but rather in the protein or mineral fraction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 1999, The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 180, no. 1-2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X"},{"id":230223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab20e4b08c986b322c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021768,"text":"70021768 - 1999 - Baseline sediment trace metals investigation: Steinhatchee River estuary, Florida, Northeast Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T19:11:20","indexId":"70021768","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2669,"text":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline sediment trace metals investigation: Steinhatchee River estuary, Florida, Northeast Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This Florida Geological Survey/U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service Cooperative Study provides baseline data for major and trace metal concentrations in the sediments of the Steinhatchee River estuary. These data are intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with future metal concentration data measurements. The Steinhatchee River estuary is a relatively pristine bay located within the Big Bend Wildlife Management Area on the North Central Florida Gulf of Mexico coastline. The river flows 55 km through woodlands and planted pines before emptying into the Gulf at Deadman Harbor. Water quality in the estuary is excellent at present. There is minimal development within the watershed. The estuary is part of an extensive system of marshes that formed along the Florida Gulf coast during the Holocene marine transgression. Sediment accretion rate measurements range from 1.4 to 4.1 mm/yr on the basis of lead-210 measurements. Seventy-nine short cores were collected from 66 sample locations, representing four lithofacies: clay- and organic-rich sands, organic-rich sands, clean quartz sands, and oyster bioherms. Samples were analyzed for texture, total organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, clay mineralogy, and major and trace-metal content. Following these analyses, metal concentrations were normalized against geochemical reference elements (aluminum and iron) and against total weight percent organic matter. Metals were also normalized granulometrically against total weight percent fines (<0.062 mm). Concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for all metals except mercury. Mercury concentrations were determined by cold-flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Granulometric measurements were made by sieve and pipette analyses. Organic matter was determined by two methods: weight loss upon ignition and elemental analysis (by Carlo-Erba Furnace) of carbon and nitrogen. X-ray diffraction was used to determine clay mineralogy. Trace-metal concentrations were best correlated when normalized with respect to sediment aluminum concentrations. Normalizations indicate that most major and trace-metal concentrations fall within 95% prediction limits of the expected value. This finding suggests that little significant metal contamination occurred within this system prior to 1994 sediment sampling. Exceptions include lead, mercury, copper, zinc, potassium, and phosphorous. Lead and mercury are elements that generally enter this watershed through atmospheric deposition; thus, anomalous levels of these metals are not necessarily associated with activities within the watershed of the Steinhatchee River estuary. Anomalous concentrations of other metals such as zinc, copper, and phosphorous probably do originate within the Steinhatchee watershed. Copper failed to correlate well with any geochemical or granulometric normalizer, and this condition was not limited to a single facies or area within the estuary. This finding may indicate copper contamination in the system. Increased zinc and copper levels may be attributed to marine paints. Phosphorous levels also appeared to be elevated in a few locations in the two marsh facies sampled. This may be due to nutrient loading from two small communities, Jena and Steinhatchee, or from the application of this element in fertilizer to reduce moisture stress to young planted pines on tree farms within the watershed.The Florida Geological Survey/US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service Cooperative Study provides baseline data for major and trace metal concentrations in the sediments of the Steinhatchee River estuary. The data are intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with metal concentration data measurements. Seventy nine short cores were collected from 66 sample locations and analyzed. Metal concentrations were normalized against geochemical reference elements and against total weight percen","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Ltd","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/106411999273864","issn":"1064119X","usgsCitation":"Trimble, C., Hoenstine, R., Highley, A., Donoghue, J., and Ragland, P., 1999, Baseline sediment trace metals investigation: Steinhatchee River estuary, Florida, Northeast Gulf of Mexico: Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 17, no. 2-3, p. 187-197, https://doi.org/10.1080/106411999273864.","startPage":"187","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106411999273864"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdbe4b0c8380cd4a4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trimble, C.A.","contributorId":83690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoenstine, R.W.","contributorId":61976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoenstine","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Highley, A.B.","contributorId":99724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highley","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, J.F.","contributorId":63533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ragland, P.C.","contributorId":73338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragland","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021454,"text":"70021454 - 1999 - Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70021454","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon","docAbstract":"During 1996 and 1997, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) fawns on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) located in southeastern Oregon (USA). As part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. Physiological parameters related to nutrition and/or disease were studied. No abnormalities were found in the complete blood cell counts of adults (n = 40) or fawns (n = 44 to 67). Serum total protein and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were lower compared to other pronghorn populations. Does had mean BUN values significantly lower (P < 0.001) in December 1996 than March 1997. Serum copper (Cu) levels in does (range 0.39 to 0.74 ppm) were considered marginal when compared to domestic animals and other wild ungulates. Fawns had low (0.28 ppm) Cu levels at birth and reached the does' marginal values in about 3 days Whole blood, serum and liver selenium (Se) levels were considered marginal to low in most segments of the pronghorn population. However, serum levels of vitamin E (range 1.98 to 3.27 ??g/ml), as determined from the does captured in March, were apparently sufficient to offset any signs of Se deficiency. No clinical signs of Cu or Se deficiency were observed. Fifty-five of 87 dead fawns were necropsied. Trauma, due to predation by coyotes (Canis latrans), accounted for 62% of the mortality during mid-May to mid-July of each year. Other causes included predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) (4%), dystocia (2%), septicemic pasteurellosis (4%), starvation (5%), and unknown (23%). Adult females were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies to Brucella spp. (n = 20, negative), Leptospira interrogans (n = 20, negative), bluetongue virus (n = 20, 35% positive), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (n = 20, 30% positive), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 18, negative), parainfluenza virus type 3 (n = 18, 67% positive), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (n = 18, negative), and bovine viral diarrhea (n = 18, negative). Considering the parameters examined, we found no apparent predisposing factors to mortality including those killed by coyotes, but some nutritional parameters suggest that pronghorns on HMNAR exist on a diet low in protein and Se and marginal in Cu. The effect these factors have on the population is not known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, M., Velarde, R., Gregg, M., and Bray, M., 1999, Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 35, no. 3, p. 496-510.","startPage":"496","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd9e4b0c8380cd5d136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, M.R.","contributorId":101404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velarde, Roser","contributorId":79647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velarde","given":"Roser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, M.A.","contributorId":31930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bray, M.","contributorId":41169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021632,"text":"70021632 - 1999 - Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:40:00","indexId":"70021632","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as a surface with a temporally constant solid concentration. Limited contact between solutes in the water column and the static surface is considered using a pseudokinetic approach. A dynamic surface (e.g., freshly precipitated metal oxides) has a temporally variable solid concentration and is in equilibrium with the water column. Transport and deposition of solute mass sorbed to the dynamic surface is represented in the stream transport equations that include precipitate settling. The model is applied to a pH-modification experiment in an acid mine drainage stream. Dissolved copper concentrations were depressed for a 3 hour period in response to the experimentally elevated pH. After passage of the pH front, copper was desorbed, and dissolved concentrations returned to ambient levels. Copper sorption is modeled by considering sorption to aged hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) on the streambed (static surface) and freshly precipitated HFO in the water column (dynamic surface). Comparison of parameter estimates with reported values suggests that naturally formed iron oxides may be more effective in removing trace metals than synthetic oxides used in laboratory studies. The model's ability to simulate pH, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between trace metal chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900259","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999, Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3829-3840, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900259.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3829","endPage":"3840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9589e4b0c8380cd81a9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021941,"text":"70021941 - 1999 - Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:04:17.592232","indexId":"70021941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances","docAbstract":"<p><span>The presence of dissolved humic substances (HS, fulvic and humic acids) generally reduces the up take of hydrophobic organic compounds into aquatic organisms. The extent of this effect depends both on the concentration and on the origin of the HS. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of qualitative differences between HS from different origins. The effects of seven different HS on the bioconcentration of pyrene and benzo[</span><i>a</i><span>]pyrene (B</span><i>a</i><span>P) in the nematode&nbsp;</span><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i><span>&nbsp;were related to the spectroscopic and chemical properties of the HS. The effect of each humic material on the bioconcentration of pyrene or B</span><i>a</i><span>P was quantified as a “biologically determined” partition coefficient&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>. We observed significant linear relationships between&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>&nbsp;and the atomic H/C ratio, the specific absorptivity at 254 nm, the content of aromatic carbons (as determined by&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the copper-complexing capacity, the content of phenolic OH groups, and the molecular weight of the HS. There was no discernible relationship of&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>&nbsp;with the atomic (N + O)/C ratio, an indicator of the polarity of HS. Taken together, our results show that the variability in the effects of HS from different origins could be related to variations in bulk properties of the HS. Parameters describing the aromaticity of the humic materials seemed to be most useful for estimating effects of HS on the bioconcentration of pyrene and B</span><i>a</i><span>P.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181219","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Haitzer, M., Abbt-Braun, G., Traunspurger, W., and Steinberg, C., 1999, Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2782-2788, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181219.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2782","endPage":"2788","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071be4b0c8380cd51570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbt-Braun, G.","contributorId":9021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbt-Braun","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Traunspurger, W.","contributorId":108272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traunspurger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinberg, C.E.W.","contributorId":47536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"C.E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}