Erosion rates along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coast, among the highest in the world, are negatively impacting communities, industrial and military infrastructure, and wildlife habitat. Decreasing maximal winter ice extent and increasing summer open water duration and extent in the Beaufort Sea may be making the coast more vulnerable to destructive storm waves than during recent, colder, icier decades. Previous studies of Beaufort Sea coastal change have been limited to subaerial analyses of the shoreline. Here we describe nearshore seafloor change by comparing post-World War II (WWII) (1945-53) bathymetry data to recently acquired (1985–2018) bathymetry data and relate the observed seafloor change to adjacent shoreline change near Utqiagvik, within Stefansson Sound, and immediately west of Barter Island and Kaktovik. Within the Utqiagvik region, seabed erosion was generally highest (>1.0 m of loss) offshore of Point Barrow and along the eastern end of the Tapkaluk Islands, while there were lesser amounts of deposition (<0.5 m of gain) within the protected waters of Elson Lagoon. Sedimentation was generally highest offshore of Point Barrow, in a region of converging currents, and on the landward side of the barrier islands and spits fronting Elson Lagoon, which is likely related to a regional trend of westerly sediment transport and landward migration of the barrier islands. Within Stefansson Sound, perhaps the most notable changes from post-WWII bathymetry data compared to recent data are a switch from mixed, low erosion and deposition in 1997 to low deposition (<0.5 m) in 2018 east of the Boulder Patch, a switch from low erosion in 1997 to neutral depth change in 2018 in the channel between the north and south Boulder Patch areas, and higher deposition from 1997 to 2018 landward of the rapidly retreating barrier islands along the Sound's northern border. At Barter Island, high erosion near north-facing shorelines and high deposition near west-facing shorelines generally matched shoreline changes. One of our goals is to identify possible processes responsible for the depth changes we quantified. Using simple metrics that relate sediment characteristics with modeled waves and non-wave induced currents, we show that sediment resuspension and transport by both wave and non-wave driven currents likely contribute to the overall patterns of change within the ∼13 m isobath along the open coast, and that the influence of wave action affecting sediment transport is expanding seaward.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2022.104745","usgsCitation":"Zimmermann, M., Erikson, L.H., Gibbs, A.E., Prescott, M., Escarzaga, S.M., Tweedie, C.E., Kasper, J., and Duvoy, P.X., 2022, Nearshore bathymetric changes along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast and possible physical drivers: Continental Shelf Research, v. 242, 104745, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104745.","productDescription":"104745, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132441","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":401293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 69.33383491964828\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 69.33383491964828\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 72.39570570653261\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 72.39570570653261\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 69.33383491964828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"242","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmermann, Mark 0000-0002-5786-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-3814","contributorId":200380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prescott, Megan M.","contributorId":292137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prescott","given":"Megan M.","affiliations":[{"id":62835,"text":"Lynker Technologies, Under contract to Alaska Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Escarzaga, Stephen M.","contributorId":279732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Escarzaga","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tweedie, Craig E.","contributorId":200176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tweedie","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kasper, Jeremy L. 0000-0003-0975-6114","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-6114","contributorId":208630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasper","given":"Jeremy L.","affiliations":[{"id":37850,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duvoy, Paul X.","contributorId":292138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duvoy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":62836,"text":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70231713,"text":"70231713 - 2022 - Satellites quantify the spatial extent of cyanobacterial blooms across the United States at multiple scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T11:45:43.21324","indexId":"70231713","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-20T06:41:27","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellites quantify the spatial extent of cyanobacterial blooms across the United States at multiple scales","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate that cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) frequency, extent, and magnitude have increased globally over the past few decades. However, little quantitative capability is available to assess these metrics of cyanoHABs across broad geographic scales and at regular intervals. Here, the spatial extent was quantified from a cyanobacteria algorithm applied to two European Space Agency satellite platforms—the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) onboard Envisat and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3. CyanoHAB spatial extent was defined for each geographic area as the percentage of valid satellite pixels that exhibited cyanobacteria above the detection limit of the satellite sensor. This study quantified cyanoHAB spatial extent for over 2,000 large lakes and reservoirs across the contiguous United States (CONUS) during two time periods: 2008–2011 via MERIS and 2017–2020 via OLCI when cloud-, ice-, and snow-free imagery was available. Approximately 56% of resolvable lakes were glaciated, 13% were headwater, isolated, or terminal lakes, and the rest were primarily drainage lakes. Results were summarized at national-, regional-, state-, and lake-scales, where regions were defined as nine climate regions which represent climatically consistent states. As measured by satellite, changes in national cyanoHAB extent did have a strong increase of 6.9% from 2017 to 2020 (|Kendall’s tau (τ)| = 0.56; gamma (γ) = 2.87 years), but had negligible change (|τ| = 0.03) from 2008 to 2011. Two of the nine regions had moderate (0.3 ≤ |τ| < 0.5) increases in spatial extent from 2017 to 2020, and eight of nine regions had negligible (|τ| < 0.2) change from 2008 to 2011. Twelve states had a strong or moderate increase from 2017 to 2020 (|τ| ≥ 0.3), while only one state had a moderate increase and two states had a moderate decrease from 2008 to 2011. A decrease, or no change, in cyanoHAB spatial extent did not indicate a lack of issues related to cyanoHABs. Sensitivity results of randomly omitted daily CONUS scenes confirm that even with reduced data availability during a short four-year temporal assessment, the direction and strength of the changes in spatial extent remained consistent. We present the first set of national maps of lake cyanoHAB spatial extent across CONUS and demonstrate an approach for quantifying past and future changes at multiple spatial scales. Results presented here provide water quality managers information regarding current cyanoHAB spatial extent and quantify rates of change.
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Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":37453,"text":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70259617,"text":"70259617 - 2022 - Late Holocene human-environment interactions on the central California coast, USA, inferred from Morro Bay salt marsh sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T12:11:25.905893","indexId":"70259617","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-19T07:09:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":815,"text":"Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene human-environment interactions on the central California coast, USA, inferred from Morro Bay salt marsh sediments","docAbstract":"Globally, migration phenologies of numerous avian species have shifted over the past half-century. Despite North American waterfowl being well researched, published data on shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies remain scarce. Understanding shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies along with potential drivers is critical for guiding future conservation efforts. Therefore, we utilized historical (1955–2008) nonbreeding waterfowl survey data collected at 21 National Wildlife Refuges in the mid- to lower portion of the Central Flyway to summarize changes in spring and autumn migration phenology. We examined changes in the timing of peak abundance from survey data at monthly intervals for each refuge and species (or species group; n = 22) by year and site-specific temperature for spring (Jan–Mar) and autumn (Oct–Dec) migration periods. For spring (n = 187) and autumn (n = 194) data sets, 13% and 9% exhibited statistically significant changes in the timing of peak migration across years, respectively, while the corresponding numbers for increasing temperatures were 4% and 9%. During spring migration, ≥80% of significant changes in the timing of spring peak indicated advancements, while 67% of significant changes in autumn peak timing indicated delays both across years and with increasing temperatures. Four refuges showed a consistent pattern across species of advancing spring migration peaks over time. Advancements in spring peak across years became proportionally less common among species with increasing latitude, while delays in autumn peak with increasing temperature became proportionally more common. Our study represents the first comprehensive summary of changes in spring and autumn migration phenology for Central Flyway waterfowl and demonstrates significant phenological changes during the latter part of the twentieth century.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0266785","usgsCitation":"Andersson, K., Craig A. Davis, Grant Harris, and Haukos, D.A., 2022, Changes in waterfowl migration phenologies in central North America: Implications for future waterfowl conservation: PLoS ONE, v. 17, no. 5, e0266785, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266785.","productDescription":"e0266785, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135751","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266785","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, 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\"}}]}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersson, Kent","contributorId":341552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersson","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig A. Davis","contributorId":341553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig A. Davis","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant Harris","contributorId":341554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant Harris","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231581,"text":"70231581 - 2022 - Hybrid enrichment of adaptive variation revealed by genotype-environment associations in montane sedges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T13:33:46.580527","indexId":"70231581","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-13T06:07:02","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid enrichment of adaptive variation revealed by genotype-environment associations in montane sedges","docAbstract":"The role of hybridization in diversification is complex and may result in many possible outcomes. Not only can hybridization produce new lineages, but those lineages may contain unique combinations of adaptive genetic variation derived from parental taxa that allow hybrid-origin lineages to occupy unique environmental space relative to one (or both) parents. We document such a case of hybridization between two sedge species, Carex nova and Carex nelsonii (Cyperaceae), that occupy partially overlapping environmental space in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. In the region hypothesized to be the origin of the hybrid lineage, one parental taxon (C. nelsonii) is at the edge of its environmental tolerance. Hybrid-origin individuals display mixed ancestry between the parental taxa – of nearly 7,000 unlinked loci sampled, almost 30% showed evidence of excess ancestry from one parental lineage – approximately half displayed a genomic background skewed towards one parent, and half skewed towards the other. To test whether excess ancestry loci may have conferred an adaptive advantage to the hybrid-origin lineage, we conducted genotype-environment association analyses on different combinations of loci – with and without excess ancestry – and with multiple contrasts between the hybrids and parental taxa. Loci with skewed ancestry showed significant environmental associations distinguishing the hybrid lineage from one parent (C. nelsonii), whereas loci with relatively equal representation of parental ancestries showed no such environmental associations. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of candidate adaptive loci with respect to environmental gradients also had excess ancestry from a parental lineage, implying these loci have facilitated the persistence of the hybrid lineage in an environment unsuitable to at least one parent.
Limited information and resources have caused many parks and protected areas (PPAs) to functionally manage recreationists as a single homogeneous group, despite potential negative social and ecological consequences. We aimed to evaluate the homogeneity of recreationists at the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) by 1) quantifying frequencies of consumptive (i.e., hunting), intermediate-consumptive (i.e., fishing), and non-consumptive recreational-activity groups (e.g., wildlife viewing), and 2) evaluating sociodemographic differences among these groups. We used onsite surveys to determine that Valentine NWR supports heterogeneous groups of recreationists. The intermediate-consumptive group was most frequent (77% of all parties). All three recreational-activity groups varied in party size, distance traveled, household income, population type (urban or rural residence), and vehicle type (two-wheel or four-wheel drive). Tracking and accounting for diverse recreationists will equip managers with the ability to sustain recreational activities while also preserving ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0268303","usgsCitation":"DaRugna, O., Kaemingk, M., Chizinski, C., and Pope, K.L., 2022, Heterogeneity of recreationists in a park and protected area: PLoS ONE, v. 17, no. 5, e0268303, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268303.","productDescription":"e0268303, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119655","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268303","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Cherry County","otherGeospatial":"Valentine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.74599698070318,\n 42.60461214848425\n ],\n [\n -100.7232432482346,\n 42.457648941727655\n ],\n [\n -100.59625734423919,\n 42.46023422263612\n ],\n [\n -100.53217881824406,\n 42.414425137075085\n ],\n [\n -100.35449893676504,\n 42.40875114015742\n ],\n [\n -100.34278745681826,\n 42.45464094790627\n ],\n [\n -100.36361716043805,\n 42.471056711002646\n ],\n [\n -100.4500311517603,\n 42.48944701469524\n ],\n [\n -100.45019845861653,\n 42.551882863354706\n ],\n [\n -100.74599698070318,\n 42.60461214848425\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DaRugna, O.A.","contributorId":341724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DaRugna","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaemingk, M.A.","contributorId":340850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaemingk","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chizinski, C.J.","contributorId":340849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248943,"text":"70248943 - 2022 - Age of the late Holocene Bonneville landslide and submerged forest of the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon and Washington, USA, by radiocarbon dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T12:16:30.658314","indexId":"70248943","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-10T07:13:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the late Holocene Bonneville landslide and submerged forest of the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon and Washington, USA, by radiocarbon dating","docAbstract":"The late Holocene Bonneville landslide, a 15.5 km2 rockslide-debris avalanche, descended 1000 m from the north side of the Columbia River Gorge and dammed the Columbia River where it bisects the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington, USA. The landslide, inundation, and overtopping created persistent geomorphic, ecologic, and cultural consequences to the river corridor, reported by Indigenous narratives and explorer accounts, as well as scientists and engineers. From new dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating of three trees killed by the landslide, one entrained and buried by the landslide and two killed by rising water in the impounded Columbia River upstream of the blockage, we find (1) the two drowned trees and the buried tree died the same year, and (2) the age of tree death, and hence the landslide (determined by combined results of nine radiocarbon analyses of samples from the three trees), falls within AD 1421–1455 (3σ confidence interval). This result provides temporal context for the tremendous physical, ecological, and cultural effects of the landslide, as well as possible triggering mechanisms. The age precludes the last Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake of AD 1700 as a landslide trigger, but not earlier subduction zone or local crustal earthquakes.
Climate change can act to facilitate or inhibit invasions of non-native species. Here, we address the influence of climate change on control of non-native common carp (hereafter, carp), a species recognized as one of the “world's worst” invaders across the globe. Control of this species is exceedingly difficult, as it exhibits rapid population growth and compensatory density dependence. In many locations where carp have invaded, however, climate change is altering hydrologic regimes and may influence population demography and efficacy of human control efforts. To further evaluate these processes, we employed a modified version of an age-based population model (CarpMOD), to investigate how hydrologic variability (change in lake area) influences carp population dynamics and control efforts in Malheur Lake, southeastern Oregon, USA. We explored how changes in lake area influence carp populations under three control scenarios: (1) no carp removal, (2) carp removal during low water years, and (3) carp removal during all years. Lake area fluctuations strongly influenced carp populations and the efficacy of carp control. Modeled carp biomass peaked when the lake transitioned from high-to-low levels, and carp biomass declined when lake area transitioned from low-to-high. Removing carp during low water periods—when fish were concentrated into a smaller area—reduced carp populations almost as much as removing carp every year. Furthermore, the effectiveness of control efforts increased with the prevalence and severity of low lake conditions (longer durations of very low lake area). These simulations suggest that a drier climate may naturally decrease carp populations and make them easier to control. However, drier conditions may also negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and potentially have a greater impact than non-native species themselves.
Many species around the world are declining precipitously as a result of multiple threats and changing climate. Managers tasked with protecting species often face difficult decisions in regard to identifying which threats should be addressed, given limited resources and uncertainty in the success of any identified management action. On Kaua‘i Island, Hawai‘i, USA, forest bird species have experienced accelerated declines over the last 20 years, and 2 species, the ‘akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and ‘akeke‘e (Loxops caeruleirostris), are now at the brink of extinction. Both species face multiple threats, and managers face difficult decisions on whether to mitigate threats in the wild, establish a captive population as insurance against extinction, translocate birds to novel locations, or some combination of these actions. Each set of actions (alternatives) would require substantial resources with considerable uncertainty in success. In 2014, we brought together 14 experts representing biologists and managers familiar with the species and island to develop a conservation strategy under a structured decision making (SDM) framework, an approach for making complex decisions under uncertainty. The group's challenge was to identify a set of alternatives that reduces the risk of extinction, set the foundation for one or more genetically viable, reproducing, stable to increasing populations in 10 years, and promote conditions for long-term persistence in the wild. Multiple alternatives were evaluated, via expert judgement, in terms of the probability they would achieve the objectives concerning immediate extinction risk, near-term viability, and adequacy of habitat. Factors that might impede the success of each action were also evaluated. The process identified the establishment of a captive population and efforts to stabilize the existing wild population as the approach most likely to meet the objectives of preventing imminent extinction and ensuring long-term viability.
Permeability is one of the most crucial properties governing fluid flow in methane hydrate reservoirs. This paper presents a comprehensive permeability analysis of hydrate-bearing sandy silt pressure-cored from Green Canyon Block 955 (GC 955) in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. We developed an experimental protocol to systematically characterize the transport and petrophysical properties in pressure cores. The in situ effective permeability ranges from 0.1 md (1.0 × 10−16 m2) to 2.4 md (2.4 × 10−15 m2) in these natural sandy silts cores with hydrate occupying 83%–93% of the pore space. When hydrate dissociates from these cores, the measured intrinsic permeability (k0) is 0.3 md (3.0 × 10−16 m2) to 9.3 md (9.3 × 10−15 m2); these results are affected by fines migration during hydrate dissociation. We analyzed samples reconstituted from these sandy silts and found k0 to range from ∼12 md (∼1.2 × 10−14 m2) to ∼41 md (∼4.1 × 10−14 m2). The water relative permeabilities (krw) of GC 955 pressure cores are large relative to other natural pressure cores from offshore Japan, offshore India, and onshore Alaska. These krw values are also higher than predicted by current conceptual relative permeability models where hydrate fills the pores or coats the grains of the sediments. This fundamental conundrum requires further study. Our work provides essential parameters to reservoir simulation models seeking to predict hydrate formation in geological systems, evaluate the gas production potential, and explore the best way to produce this energy resource in sandy silt reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/08102121001","usgsCitation":"Fang, Y., Flemings, P., Daigle, H., Phillips, S.C., and O’Connell, J., 2022, Permeability of methane hydrate-bearing sandy silts in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico (Green Canyon Block 955): AAPG Bulletin, v. 106, no. 5, p. 1071-1100, https://doi.org/10.1306/08102121001.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1071","endPage":"1100","ipdsId":"IP-125587","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Green Canyon Block 955, Green Knoll, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -89.527587890625,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -89.527587890625,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 26.82407078047018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fang, Yi","contributorId":138799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flemings, Peter","contributorId":198205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flemings","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":13127,"text":"Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daigle, Hugh","contributorId":291400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daigle","given":"Hugh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Stephen C. 0000-0003-0858-4701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-4701","contributorId":268177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Connell, Joshua","contributorId":239907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70231303,"text":"70231303 - 2022 - Toxicity of wildland fire-fighting chemicals in pulsed exposures to rainbow trout and fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:56:12.985464","indexId":"70231303","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-06T08:43:40","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of wildland fire-fighting chemicals in pulsed exposures to rainbow trout and fathead minnows","docAbstract":"Intrusions of fire-fighting chemicals in streams can result from containment and suppression of wildfires and may be harmful to native biota. We investigated the toxicity of seven current-use fire-fighting chemicals to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) by simulating chemical intrusions under variable field conditions to provide insight on the potential damage these chemicals may cause in waterways. We manipulated water flow rate, water hardness, and concentration of the chemicals in three separate attenuated exposure assays where chemical concentrations decreased throughout the 96-hour exposure period. Concentration of retardant, temperature, duration of chemical exposure, and the number of exposures were manipulated in four pulsed assays where up to one-hour exposures were followed by an observation period in control water to determine delayed toxicity or recovery. Mortality of rainbow trout was higher across treatments at a warmer temperature and also increased with increasing concentration rate, increasing exposure duration, and with sequential exposures across assays. For fathead minnows, mortality increased with increasing concentration of fire retardant and longer exposure durations. Chemical exposure can exert additional stress during wildfire events that may impact stream fishes. Since the ratio of toxic unionized ammonia to ionized ammonia is greater with increasing temperature and pH, future studies could investigate the effects of water temperature and pH on native fishes under environmentally relevant concentrations of fire-fighting chemicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/etc.5347","usgsCitation":"Puglis, H.J., Iacchetta, M.G., and Mackey, C.M., 2022, Toxicity of wildland fire-fighting chemicals in pulsed exposures to rainbow trout and fathead minnows: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 41, no. 7, p. 1711-1720, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5347.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1711","endPage":"1720","ipdsId":"IP-132944","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TY8ZRG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Biological and chemical data from attenuated and pulsed exposures of fire chemical to fish"},{"id":400277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puglis, Holly J. 0000-0002-3090-6597 hpuglis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-6597","contributorId":4686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puglis","given":"Holly","email":"hpuglis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iacchetta, Michael G. 0000-0001-9459-1435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-1435","contributorId":291394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacchetta","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mackey, Christina M. 0000-0003-1737-2698","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-2698","contributorId":243574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250315,"text":"70250315 - 2022 - Ignoring species availability biases occupancy estimates in single-scale occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T14:08:48.423205","indexId":"70250315","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-04T09:34:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ignoring species availability biases occupancy estimates in single-scale occupancy models","docAbstract":"The Arctic Ocean has experienced orbital and millennial-scale climate oscillations over the last 500 kilo-annum (ka) involving massive changes in global sea level and components of the Arctic cryosphere, including sea-ice cover, land-based ice sheets and ice shelves. Although these climate events are only partially understood, micropaleontological studies utilizing ostracodes and benthic foraminifera have demonstrated that major changes in faunas have occurred at different timescales that signify ecosystem regime changes linked to sea-ice cover, surface productivity, bottom temperature and other factors. In addition to faunal changes characterizing glacial-interglacial cycles, Arctic sediments contain several unusual faunal events that cannot be explained by orbital-scale sea level and cryospheric changes. One indicator of such events involves the ostracode Rabilimis mirabilis (Brady 1868), a shallow-water species that inhabits continental shelves in the modern Arctic. We conducted studies of the stratigraphic distribution of R. mirabilis in cores from the Northwind, Mendeleev, Lomonosov, and Alpha Ridges; the Siberian and North American (Beaufort Sea) continental margins; and the Lincoln Sea off North Greenland and in the northern Greenland Sherard Osborn Fjord. Evidence from these records suggests that this species occurs as a fossil in deeper water sediment cores on the upper parts of submarine ridges (mainly 700-900 meters water depth, mwd), in significant numbers (from 1%to 50% of total ostracodes) during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5a (125-109 ka), MIS 4 (71-57 ka), and MIS 3 (57-29 ka). Furthermore, it occurs in cores from various depths on the Siberian margin, the Beaufort and Lincoln Seas during MIS 1 (the Holocene, approx. 11-0 ka). These occurrences involve well-preserved, stratigraphically consistent adult and juvenile populations, which are autochthonous in nature and not caused by downslope transport or ice rafting. Based on their age and associated paleoceanographic conditions in the Arctic, we interpret these R. mirabilis events as signifying basin-ward migration during abrupt changes in growth and decay of massive ice shelves and may be useful as biostratigraphic markers.
The United States Department of Energy, the MH21-S Research Consortium of Japan, and the United States Geological Survey are collaborating to enable gas hydrate scientific drilling and extended-duration reservoir response testing on the Alaska North Slope. To feasibly execute such a test, a location is required that is accessible from existing roads and gravel pads and that can be occupied without disrupting ongoing industry operations. A review of potential locations meeting these criteria determined the likely occurrence of gas hydrate in two fine-grained marginal-marine sands of Tertiary age in the vicinity of the inactive “Kuparuk State 7-11-12” exploration pad in the western Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU). Existing well and seismic data for that site were insufficient to preclude the potential for free gas occurrence within the deeper (and most prospective) target sand. Therefore, with support from the PBU Working Interest Owners, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, and Petrotechnical Resources Alaska, the Hydrate-01 Stratigraphic Test Well (STW) was drilled in December 2018 to confirm the suitability of the site for future gas hydrate scientific testing. The Hydrate-01 well was successfully drilled to −3290 ft (1003 m) subsea vertical depth at a bottom hole location of approximately 900 ft (∼275 m) east of the surface location. The drilling program featured acquisition of a full suite of logging while drilling data, the collection of side-wall pressure cores, and the installation of distributed temperature and distributed acoustic sensor fiber-optic cables. The log data acquired confirmed the occurrence of gas hydrate at high saturation in two target sands. Integrated evaluation of log and sidewall core data provide petrophysical and geomechanical property information that allow for potential reservoir response to depressurization to be simulated. The deeper “B1 sand” is deemed to be most favorable for reservoir response testing as a result of confirmed gas hydrate occurrence in sediments of high intrinsic permeability, location within 100 ft (30 m) of the base of gas hydrate stability, and minimal risk for direct communication with permeable water-bearing (hydrate-free) zones. The shallower “D1 sand” provides a secondary target that is differentiated by colder in situ temperatures and the interpreted direct hydraulic communication to a lower section of non-hydrate-bearing, water-saturated sand. The Hydrate-01 log data also confirm the occurrence of at least one sub-seismic fault in close proximity to the B1 sand reservoir. To better image the distribution of the gas-hydrate-bearing reservoir sections and associated faults, a three-dimensional (3D) vertical seismic profile was conducted in early 2019 using the distributed acoustic sensors installed as part of the Hydrate-01 STW completion. Detailed two-dimensional (2D) and 3D geologic models have been constructed to enable numerical simulations to inform the planning for potential future scientific tests of reservoir response to depressurization at the site.
Exotic species are often vilified as \"bad\" without consideration of the potential they have for contributing to ecological functions in degraded ecosystems. The red-eared slider turtle (RES) has been disparaged as one of the worst invasive species. Based on this review, we suggest that RES contribute some ecosystem functions in urban wetlands comparable to those provided by the native turtles they sometimes dominate or replace. While we do not advocate for releases outside their native range, or into natural environments, in this review, we examine the case for the RES to be considered potentially beneficial in heavily human-altered and degraded ecosystems where native turtles struggle or fail to persist. After reviewing the ecosystem functions RESs are known to provide, we conclude that in many modified environments the RES is a partial ecological analog to native turtles and removing them may obviate the ecological benefits they provide. We also suggest research avenues to better understand the role of RESs in heavily modified wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s43621-022-00083-w","usgsCitation":"Dupuis-Desormeaux, M., Lovich, J.E., and Gibbons, J.W., 2022, Re-evaluating invasive species in degraded ecosystems: A case study of red-eared slider turtles as partial ecological analogs: Discover Sustainability, v. 3, 15, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-022-00083-w.","productDescription":"15, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127491","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-022-00083-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupuis-Desormeaux, Marc","contributorId":292578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupuis-Desormeaux","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62941,"text":"Department of Biology, Glendon College, York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M6 CANADA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbons, J. Whitfield","contributorId":198690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Whitfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230903,"text":"70230903 - 2022 - Barkley Canyon gas hydrates: A synthesis based on two decades of seafloor observation and remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T13:55:40.638867","indexId":"70230903","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-27T08:47:19","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7753,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Barkley Canyon gas hydrates: A synthesis based on two decades of seafloor observation and remote sensing","docAbstract":"Barkley Canyon is one of the few known sites worldwide with the occurrence of thermogenic gas seepage and formation of structure-II and structure-H gas hydrate mounds on the seafloor. This site is the location of continuous seafloor monitoring as part of the Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) cabled observatory off the west coast off Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. We combine repeat remotely operated vehicle (ROV) seafloor video observations, mapping with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), ship-, ROV-, and AUV-based identification of gas flares, as well as seismic and Chirp data to investigate the distribution of fluid migration pathways. Geologically, the site with the prominent gas hydrate mounds and associated fluid seepage is covering an area of ∼0.15 km2 and is situated on a remnant of a rotated fault block that had slipped off the steep flanks of the north-east facing canyon wall. The gas hydrate mounds, nearly constant in dimension over the entire observation period, are associated with gas and oil seepage and surrounded by debris of chemosynthetic communities and authigenic carbonate. The formation of gas hydrate at and near the seafloor requires additional accommodation space created by forming blisters at the seafloor that displace the regular sediments. An additional zone located centrally on the rotated fault block with more diffuse seepage (∼0.02 km2 in extent) has been identified with no visible mounds, but with bacterial mats, small carbonate concretions, and clam beds. Gas venting is seen acoustically in the water column up to a depth of ∼300 m. However, acoustic water-column imaging during coring and ROV dives showed rising gas bubbles to much shallower depth, even <50 m, likely a result of degassing of rising oil droplets, which themselves cannot be seen acoustically. Combining all observations, the location of the gas hydrate mounds is controlled by a combination of fault-focused fluid migration from a deeper reservoir and fluid seepage along more permeable strata within the rotated slope block. Fluids must be provided continuously to allow the sustained presence of the gas hydrate mounds at the seafloor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2022.852853","usgsCitation":"Reidel, M., Scherwath, M., Romer, M., Paull, C., Lundsten, E., Caress, D.W., Brewer, P., Pohlman, J., Lapham, L.L., Chapman, N., Whiticar, M., Spence, G.D., Enkin, R., and Douglas, K., 2022, Barkley Canyon gas hydrates: A synthesis based on two decades of seafloor observation and remote sensing: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 10, 852853, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.852853.","productDescription":"852853, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137853","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.852853","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Barkley Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.6667,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -125.8,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -125.8,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -126.6667,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -126.6667,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reidel, M.","contributorId":290694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reidel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62473,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherwath, M.","contributorId":290695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherwath","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":62475,"text":"Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romer, M.","contributorId":290696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62476,"text":"MARUM - Center for Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences at the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":255036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[{"id":16837,"text":"MBARI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundsten, E.","contributorId":255047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundsten","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16837,"text":"MBARI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caress, D. W.","contributorId":200385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caress","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brewer, P.","contributorId":290697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62478,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pohlman, John 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":220804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lapham, L. L.","contributorId":140085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapham","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13383,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 6 Solomons, Maryland 20688","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chapman, N. R.","contributorId":290698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"N. R.","affiliations":[{"id":62479,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whiticar, M.","contributorId":290699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiticar","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":62479,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spence, G. D.","contributorId":238950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spence","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":47833,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Bob Wright Centre A405, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Enkin, R.","contributorId":147402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enkin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Douglas, K.","contributorId":290700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62480,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific, Sidney, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70230855,"text":"70230855 - 2022 - Susceptibility of beavers to chronic wasting disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T11:45:45.443783","indexId":"70230855","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-26T06:43:48","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1026,"text":"Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Susceptibility of beavers to chronic wasting disease","docAbstract":"On June 15, 2020, at 21:16 UTC, a locally-felt earthquake of magnitude 4.2 struck Unalaska Island, Alaska, ∼15 km west of the town of Unalaska and the large fishing port of Dutch Harbor. The event was followed by a M4.1 earthquake at 00:34 UTC and several M3+ aftershocks, initiating a prolific sequence with hundreds of earthquakes recorded into late December. The earthquakes all locate about 12 km southeast of the summit of Makushin Volcano at 7 to 10 km depth. To date, no eruptive activity or other surface changes have been observed at the volcano in webcam images, GPS or InSAR. Seismic bursts close to volcanoes are often associated with the onset of unrest that can lead to eruption. However, determining whether seismicity reflects magmatic rather than tectonic stresses is often challenging, although critical for hazard assessments and risk management strategies. To investigate the triggering mechanisms of the recent Makushin seismicity, we integrate information from space-time patterns of the earthquake hypocenters with their fault-plane solutions. We relocate the swarm events using double-difference relocation techniques and a 3D velocity model and find that the earthquakes, although they seem to follow two predominant orientations (NW-SE and SW-NE), do not show clear clustering into preferred alignments. Similarly, we do not observe pronounced migration in time and space. Fault-plane solutions (FPS) for all but one M2.5+ earthquakes have P-axis orientations consistent with subhorizontal NW-SE oriented regional maximum compression, whereas many of the lower-magnitude earthquakes have P-axes perpendicular to regional maximum compression. This provides evidence for the presence of a local stress field likely induced by magma intrusion. Results from Coulomb stress modeling are also consistent with dike inflation modulated by stresses induced by the M4+ earthquakes. The seismic swarm is thus likely linked to a superposition of driving stresses from both magmatic and tectonic processes on pre-existing faults. The case of the 2020 Makushin swarm, with its unusual characteristics, challenges traditional swarm classification schemes and suggests that a reconsideration of the definition of seismic swarms as having the maximum magnitude event in the middle of the swarm is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117538","usgsCitation":"Lanza, F., Roman, D., Power, J., Thurber, C.H., and Hudson, T., 2022, Complex magmatic-tectonic interactions during the 2020 Makushin Volcano, Alaska, earthquake swarm: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 587, 117538, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117538.","productDescription":"117538, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133659","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117538","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Makushin Volcano, Unalaska Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.2315050527,\n 54.05473720557782\n ],\n [\n -167.23895309684224,\n 53.72002593365127\n ],\n [\n -166.40477215290903,\n 53.72002593365127\n ],\n [\n -166.40849617498012,\n 54.05692319405895\n ],\n [\n -167.2315050527,\n 54.05473720557782\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"587","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanza, Federica","contributorId":346877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanza","given":"Federica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47716,"text":"Swiss Seismological Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John 0000-0002-7233-4398","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":215240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Thomas","contributorId":346881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":33126,"text":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262285,"text":"70262285 - 2022 - Sandhill crane colt survival in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T15:23:44.846418","indexId":"70262285","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandhill crane colt survival in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Age-structured population models require reliable estimates of cohort-specific survival rates, yet vital rates of younger age classes are often difficult to estimate because of the logistical challenges of monitoring young animals. As part of a study of sandhill cranes Antigone canadensis in the zone of contact between breeding distributions of the Eastern Population and Midcontinent Population in Minnesota, we monitored first summer survival of 34 sandhill cranes (hereafter colts) by using very-high-frequency and global positioning system–global system for mobile communications transmitters. We estimated daily survival probabilities from 19 to 120 d posthatch by using a generalized linear model accounting for interval censoring, resulting in an estimated period survival rate of 0.52 (90% CI, 0.36–0.71) over summer (100 d). Estimated daily probabilities of survival increased as colts became older and fledged (at 70–75 d posthatch), when they presumably became less vulnerable to predation. Causes of mortality were mostly unknown aside from one case of a collision with a vehicle. There is a scarcity of published colt survival rate estimates for sandhill cranes, and what is available varies widely by study site. Region-specific sandhill crane colt survival rate estimates can inform future management efforts and inform population dynamics research and overall natural history knowledge of sandhill cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-21-097","usgsCitation":"Severud, W., Wolfson, D., Fieberg, J., and Andersen, D.E., 2022, Sandhill crane colt survival in Minnesota: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 13, no. 2, p. 494-501, https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-097.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"501","ipdsId":"IP-135672","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-097","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Aitkin County, Becker County, Cass County, Clearwater County, Mahnomen County, Todd 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smoltification and seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Diadromous fishes undergo dramatic changes in osmoregulatory capacity in preparation for migration between freshwater and seawater. One of the primary hormones involved in coordinating these changes is the glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cortisol levels increase during the spring smoltification period prior to seawater migration; however, the neuroendocrine factors responsible for regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and plasma cortisol levels during smoltification remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated seasonal changes in circulating levels of cortisol and its primary secretagogue—adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)—as well as transcript abundance of the major regulators of HPI axis activity in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, and pituitary between migratory smolts and pre-migratory parr. Smolts exhibited higher plasma cortisol levels compared to parr across all timepoints but circulating ACTH levels were only elevated in May. Transcript abundance of preoptic area corticotropin-releasing factor b1 and arginine vasotocin were ~2-fold higher in smolts compared to parr in February through May. Smolts also had ~7-fold greater hypothalamic transcript abundance of urotensin 1 (uts-1a) compared to parr in May through July. When transferred to seawater during peak smolting in May smolts rapidly upregulated hypothalamic uts-1a transcript levels within 24 h, while parr only transiently upregulated uts-1a 96 h post-transfer. In situ hybridization revealed that uts-1a is highly abundant in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus, consistent with a role in regulating the HPI axis. Overall, our results highlight the complex, multifactorial regulation of cortisol and provide novel insight into the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling osmoregulation in teleosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.859817","usgsCitation":"Culbert, B.M., Regish, A.M., Hall, D., McCormick, S.D., and Bernier, N.J., 2022, Neuroendocrine regulation of plasma cortisol levels during smoltification and seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon: Frontiers in Endocrinology, v. 13, 859817, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859817.","productDescription":"859817, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135566","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859817","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":401294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbert, Brett M","contributorId":292078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culbert","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":265360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Daniel J","contributorId":292080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Daniel J","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bernier, Nicholas J.","contributorId":220922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernier","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40293,"text":"Univ of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70232538,"text":"70232538 - 2022 - Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T14:39:16.142662","indexId":"70232538","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T09:20:57","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","title":"Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","docAbstract":"Prolonged drought due to climate change has negatively impacted amphibians in southern California, U.S.A. Due to the severity and length of the current drought, agencies and researchers had growing concern for the persistence of the arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus), an endangered endemic amphibian in this region. Range-wide surveys for this species had not been conducted for at least 20 years. In 2017–2020, we conducted collaborative surveys for arroyo toads at historical locations. We surveyed 88 of the 115 total sites having historical records and confirmed that the arroyo toad is currently extant in at least 61 of 88 sites and 20 of 25 historically occupied watersheds. We did not detect toads at almost a third of the surveyed sites but did detect toads at 18 of 19 specific sites delineated in the 1999 Recovery Plan to meet one of four downlisting criteria. Arroyo toads are estimated to live 7–8 years, making populations susceptible to prolonged drought. Drought is estimated to increase in frequency and duration with climate change. Mitigation strategies for drought impacts, invasive aquatic species, altered flow regimes, and other anthropogenic effects could be the most beneficial strategies for toad conservation and may also provide simultaneous benefits to several other native species that share the same habitat.
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Effective fishery management necessitates understanding of resource partitioning by fishes that inhabit complex systems composed of biotic and abiotic features. Evaluations of non-native species introductions have continually demonstrated adverse effects associated with abundance and distribution of native fishes. Therefore, understanding resource selection and interactions between native and non-native species is important for recovery efforts. Habitat use by two native fish species (largescale sucker Catostomus macrocheilus [Girard] and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni [Girard]) and one non-native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus [Linnaeus]) of the Kootenai River, Idaho, were evaluated in a laboratory stream system. Trials were conducted in allopatry and in sympatry with and without the presence of wood to describe habitat selection in the context of on-going habitat rehabilitation efforts. Interactions were evident between native largescale sucker and non-native pumpkinseed concerning use of a woody structure and current velocity. Mountain whitefish used low-velocity habitats and selected locations that were further from wood when in sympatry with pumpkinseed. Our research suggests that habitat use of native, large-river fishes may be influenced by the presence of a non-native species, and that considering such interactions is critical when designing and implementing habitat rehabilitation efforts in river ecosystems.
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