{"pageNumber":"420","pageRowStart":"10475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":71597,"text":"tei573 - 1955 - Radioactivity and uranium content of the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale and associated rocks in western Kansas and eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T06:43:00","indexId":"tei573","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"573","title":"Radioactivity and uranium content of the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale and associated rocks in western Kansas and eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>As a part of the Geological Survey's program of investigating uranium-bearing carbonaceous rocks on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, a reconnaissance of the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale in western Kansas and eastern Colorado was conducted during 1954.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale and its lateral equivalents ranges from 155 to about 500 feet in thickness and generally contains about 0.001 percent uranium, but some beds contain larger amounts. A 6-foot thick shale bed in Cheyenne County, Colo., contains about 0.006 percent uranium, a 4 1/2-foot thick sequence of beds in Crowley County, Colo., is estimated to contain between 0.004 and 0.005 percent uranium, and a 3 1/2-foot thick sequence of beds in Kiowa County, Colo., contains about 0.004 percent uranium. At several outcrop localities, sequences of beds as much as 9 1/2 feet thick contain about 0.003 percent uranium. Data from wells indicate that the 4 1/2-foot thick sequence of beds in Crowley County, Colo., may have a lateral extent of at least 5 1/2 miles. A gamma-ray log of a well in Yuma County, Colo., indicates the presence of a sequence of beds 66 feet thick which contains 0.005 to 0.010 percent equivalent uranium.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>No definite pattern of areal distribution of radioactivity and uranium content in the Sharon Springs is indicated by available data. Lateral variation in uranium content of individual beds was not noted in outcrops, which seldom extend more than 150 feet, but subsurface data from gamma-ray logs of wells indicate that both the maximum radioactivity and the thickness of radioactive beds are variable within distances of a few miles. Vertical variation in radioactivity and uranium content of the more radioactive beds is usually abrupt, but in the rocks as a whole the range of uranium content is so small that large variations in content are absent.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In most of the gamma-ray logs examined there is only part of the sequence of rocks comprising the Pierre shale and Niobrara formation that exhibits radioactivity in excess of the average radioactivity of the two formations. Comparison of features of gamma-ray logs of wells in north-eastern Colorado suggests that the most radioactive part referred to above is a laterally correlatable sequence of beds.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The stratigraphic position of the radioactive unit relative to the Pierre shale-Niobrara formation contact in oil industry scout reports, as identified from electric logs and wells, is variable within short distances. This may indicate that some of the Pierre-Niobrara contacts picked from electric logs may not correspond to the boundary that would be selected by examination of the rocks themselves, or may indicate that there is a facies relationship between teh lowermost part of the Pierre shale and the uppermost part of the Niobrara formation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei573","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","usgsCitation":"Landis, E.R., 1955, Radioactivity and uranium content of the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale and associated rocks in western Kansas and eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 573, Report: 38 p.; 3 Plates: 15.59 x 23.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei573.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; 3 Plates: 15.59 x 23.75 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288861,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0573/figure-4.pdf"},{"id":288862,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0573/report.pdf"},{"id":288863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288859,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0573/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":288860,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0573/figure-3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.1551,36.9927 ], [ -105.1551,39.135518 ], [ -100.811628,39.135518 ], [ -100.811628,36.9927 ], [ -105.1551,36.9927 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, Edwin R.","contributorId":48553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61745,"text":"gq62 - 1955 - Surficial geology of the East Greenwich quadrangle, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T19:47:35.210195","indexId":"gq62","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62","title":"Surficial geology of the East Greenwich quadrangle, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq62","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.H., 1955, Surficial geology of the East Greenwich quadrangle, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 62, Report: 2 p.; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq62.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":248042,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0062/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":102542,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"991"}],"scale":"680","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"East Greenwich quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.375,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.375,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              41.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628a52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. Hiram","contributorId":82672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61381,"text":"mf44 - 1955 - Geologic map of the Triangle A pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:37:38","indexId":"mf44","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Geologic map of the Triangle A pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Triangle A pegmatite is 4 miles southeast of Custer in the SW 1/4, sec. 34, T. 3 S., R. 5 E., Custer County, S. Dak.&nbsp; It may be reached from Custer by a gravel road 2.4 miles long that leaves U.S. Highway 16A at a point 3.2 miles east of Custer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf44","usgsCitation":"Lang, A., 1955, Geologic map of the Triangle A pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 44, 32.28 x 32.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf44.","productDescription":"32.28 x 32.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0044/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"600","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Custer County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.51666666666667,43.73361111111111 ], [ -103.51666666666667,43.73416666666667 ], [ -103.50083333333333,43.73416666666667 ], [ -103.50083333333333,43.73361111111111 ], [ -103.51666666666667,43.73361111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, A.J. Jr.","contributorId":84844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"A.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39131,"text":"pp274F - 1955 - Middle Ordovician rocks of the Tellico-Sevier belt, eastern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T22:55:48.88897","indexId":"pp274F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"274","chapter":"F","title":"Middle Ordovician rocks of the Tellico-Sevier belt, eastern Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp274F","usgsCitation":"Neuman, R.B., 1955, Middle Ordovician rocks of the Tellico-Sevier belt, eastern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 274, Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 24.00 x 6.50 inches and 24.00 x 15.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp274F.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; 2 Plates: 24.00 x 6.50 inches and 24.00 x 15.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424358,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92862.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":66621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0274f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0274f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0274f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0274f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Tellico-Sevier Belt","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.2581,\n              35.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2581,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5311,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5311,\n              35.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2581,\n              35.875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuman, Robert B.","contributorId":104046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23721,"text":"ofr5596 - 1955 - Records of wells, water levels, and quality of ground water in the Sammamish Lake area, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:48:39","indexId":"ofr5596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-96","title":"Records of wells, water levels, and quality of ground water in the Sammamish Lake area, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>This report, one of a series on the ground-water resources of the State of Washington, contains well records and other data collected during the course of an investigation in the Sammamish Lake area immediately east of Seattle, King County, Washington. &nbsp;Most of these investigations are conducted in cooperation with the State of Washington, Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Water Resources. &nbsp;However, a few investigations, including the one in the Sammamish Lake area, have been made entirely with Federal funds. &nbsp;A similar investigation is now being made in the area to the west, including the city of Seattle and metropolitan areas to the north and south. &nbsp;It is planned that results of teh two investigations will be combined into a single comprehencive report. &nbsp;In order that the data collected can be made available sooner, this report as been prepared with only a brief explanatory and descriptive text.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5596","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Liesch, B.A., 1955, Records of wells, water levels, and quality of ground water in the Sammamish Lake area, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-96, Report: iii, 193 p.; Plate: 10.21 x 7.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5596.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 193 p.; Plate: 10.21 x 7.94 inches","numberOfPages":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5596.jpg"},{"id":310473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0096/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0096/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County","otherGeospatial":"Sammamish 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Bruce A.","contributorId":71208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liesch","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2366,"text":"wsp1330A - 1955 - Water requirements of the pulp and paper industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2366,"text":"wsp1330A - 1955 - Water requirements of the pulp and paper industry","indexId":"wsp1330A","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Water requirements of the pulp and paper industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:28:06","indexId":"wsp1330A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"A","title":"Water requirements of the pulp and paper industry","docAbstract":"<p>Water, of varied qualities, is used for several purposes in the manufacture of pulp and paper, as a vehicle for transporting the constituents of paper in the paper machines; as process water for cooking wood chips to make pulp; as a medium for heat transfer; and for washing the pulpwood, the woodpulp, and the machines that handle the pulp. </p><p>About 3,200 million gallons of water was withdrawn from surface- and ground-water sources each day during 1950 for the use of the pulp and paper industry. This is about 4 percent of the total estimated industrial withdrawal of water in the Nation </p><p>The paper industry in the United States has been growing at a rapid rate. It has increased about tenfold in the last 50 years and has doubled every 15 years. The 1950 production of paper was about 24 million tons, which amounts to about 85 percent of the domestic consumption. In 1950, the pulp mills of the country produced more than 14 million tons of woodpulp, which supplied about 85 percent of the demand by the paper mills and other industries. The remainder of the fiber for paper manufacture was obtained from imported woodpulp, from reclaimed wastepaper, and from other fibers including rags and straw. The nationwide paper consumption for 1955 has been estimated at 31,700,000 tons. </p><p>Woodpulp is classified according to the process by which it is made. Every woodpulp has characteristics that are carried over into the many and diverse grades of paper. Groundwood pulp is manufactured by simply grinding up wood and refining the resulting product. Soda, sulfite, and sulfate pulps are manufactured by chemically breaking down the lignin that cements the cellulose of the wood together and removing, cleaning, and sometimes bleaching the resulting fibers. Some woodpulp is produced by other methods. Sulfate-pulp mills are increasing in number and in rated daily capacity and are manufacturing more than half of the present domestic production of woodpulp. Most of the newer and larger woodpulp mills are manufacturing sulfate pulp; because of the antipollution laws, many sulfite-pulp mills are being converted to sulfate-pulp mills. The waste from the manufacture of a ton of sulfate pulp is much more readily disposed of than that from a ton of sulfite pulp. Pulp mills are located near the source of raw material, which means that they are located in the eastern half of the United States and in the Pacific Northwest. It is advantageous for paper mills to be located close to a market and therefore a large number of paper mills are in the northeastern section of the United States from Minnesota to Maine. However, much of the coarser paper, which will ship well, is produced close to the pulp mills. </p><p>The entire process of making paper from pulpwood, with special reference to water use is briefly described to provide an understanding of how the water is used and reused.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330A","usgsCitation":"Mussey, O., 1955, Water requirements of the pulp and paper industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, Report: viii, 71p.: Plate: 19.80 x 13.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 71p.: Plate: 19.80 x 13.60 inches","startPage":"1","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28304,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"863.00 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":28305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330a/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mussey, Orville D.","contributorId":10023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mussey","given":"Orville D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2433,"text":"wsp1255 - 1955 - Water resources of southeastern Florida, with special reference to the geology and ground water of the Miami area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T23:08:50.440875","indexId":"wsp1255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1255","title":"Water resources of southeastern Florida, with special reference to the geology and ground water of the Miami area","docAbstract":"<p>The circulation of water, in any form, from the surface of the earth to the atmosphere and back again is called the hydrologic cycle. A comprehensive study of the water resources of any area must, therefore, include data on the climate of the area.</p><p>The humid subtropical climate of southeastern Florida is characterized by relatively high temperatures, alternating semi-annual wet and dry seasons, and usually light but persistent winds.</p><p>The recurrence of drought in an area having relatively large rainfall such as southeastern Florida indicates that the agencies that remove water are especially effective. Two of the most important of the agencies associated with climate are evaporation and transpiration, or \"evapotranspiration\". Evaporation losses from permanent water areas are believed to average between about 40 and 45 inches per year. Over land areas indirect methods must be used to determine losses by evapotranspiration; necessarily, these values are not precise.</p><p>Because of their importance in the occurrence and movement of both surface and ground waters, detailed studies were made of the geology and geomorphology of southern Florida.</p><p>As a result of widespread crustal movements, southern Florida emerged from the sea in late Pliocene time and probably was slightly tilted to the west. At the beginning of the Pleistocene the continent emerged still farther as a result of the lowering of sea level attending the first widespread glaciation. During this epoch, southern Florida may have stood several hundred feet above sea level.</p><p>During the interglacial ages the sea repeatedly flooded southern Florida. The marine members of the Fort Thompson formation in the Lake Okeechobee-Everglades depression and the Caloosahatchee River Valley apparently are the deposits of these interglacial invasions by the sea. The fresh-water marls, sands, and organic deposits of the Fort Thompson formation appear to have accumulated during glacial ages when sea level was low and the area was a land surface partly occupied by fresh-water lakes and marshes. Elsewhere in southern Florida the deposits are mainly marine limestones and sandy terrace deposits.</p><p>The Pliocene surface upon which these Pleistocene sediments were deposited was highest to the north and west of the present Everglades and Kissimmee River basin, and it sloped gently to the south, southeast, and east. On this slightly sloping floor, alternately submerged and emerged, the later materials were built; these materials modified by wind, rain, and surface and ground waters, have largely determined the present topographic and ecologic character of southern Florida.</p><p>The most important aquifer in southern Florida, and the one in which most of the wells are developed, is the Biscayne aquifer. It is composed of parts of the Tamiami formation (Miocene), Caloosahatchee marl (Pliocene), Fort Thompson formation, Anastasia formation, Key Largo limestone, Miami oolite, and Pamlico sand (Pleistocene). In some parts of southern Florida, the Pamlico sand and the Anastasia formation are not a part of the Biscayne aquifer; however, they are utilized in the development of small water supplies. Most of the Caloosahatchee marl and the Fort Thompson formation in the Lake Okeechobee area is of very low permeability. In the northern Everglades their less permeable parts contain highly mineralized waters, which appear to have been trapped since the invasions by the Pleistocene seas. These waters have been modified by dilution with fresh ground water and by chemical reactions with surrounding materials.</p><p>Sea-level fluctuations, starting at the close of the Pliocene with the highest levels and progressing toward the Recent with successively lower levels, have built a series of nearly flat marine terrances abutting against one another much like a series of broad stearsteps. Erosion and solution have defaced and, in places, have obliterated the original surficial forms of these old sea bottoms, shores, and shoreline features, but their remnants today are widespread and, in some places, are easily recognizable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey, Dade County, cities of Miami and Miami Beach, and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Parker, G., Ferguson, G., and Love, S.K., 1955, Water resources of southeastern Florida, with special reference to the geology and ground water of the Miami area: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1255, Report: xxv, 965 p.; 24 Plates: 19.50 x 30.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1255.","productDescription":"Report: xxv, 965 p.; 24 Plates: 19.50 x 30.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425904,"rank":28,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24289.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28499,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28498,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28486,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28485,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28484,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28488,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28487,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28483,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28482,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28481,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28497,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28489,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28490,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28501,"rank":26,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-23.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28500,"rank":25,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28480,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28502,"rank":27,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28496,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28495,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28494,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28493,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28492,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28491,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28479,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28503,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.29789784226483,\n              28.948742239957937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.29789784226483,\n              24.730906586572814\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53885520807592,\n              24.730906586572814\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53885520807592,\n              28.948742239957937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.29789784226483,\n              28.948742239957937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Garald G.","contributorId":106880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Garald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, G.E.","contributorId":62575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1150,"text":"wsp1354 - 1955 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Douglas basin, Arizona, with a section on chemical quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-27T11:01:19","indexId":"wsp1354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1354","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Douglas basin, Arizona, with a section on chemical quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"<p>The Douglas basin is part of a large northwest-trending intermontane valley, known as \nthe Sulphur Spring Valley, which lies in southeastern Arizona, and extends into northeastern \nSonora, Mexico. Maturely dissected mountains rise abruptly from long alluvial \nslopes and culminate in peaks 3,000 to 4,000 feet above the valley floor, Bedrock in the \nmountain areas confines drainage on the east and west, and an arc of low hills to the \nnorth separates the basin from the Willcox basin of the Sulphur Spring Valley. Drainage of \nthe 1,200 square miles in the Douglas basin is southward into Mexico through Whitewater \nDraw.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The mountains include igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks ranging in age \nfrom pre-Cambrian to Tertiary, including Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks that \ntotal about 10,000 feet in thickness. The older rocks have been metamorphosed, and all the \nbedrock has been affected by igneous intrusion, largely in Mesozoic time, and by structural \nmovements, largely in Cenozoic time and extending into the Quaternary period. By \nthe early part of Cenozoic time the major structural features were formed, and mountain \nranges had been uplifted above the valley trough along northwest-trending fault zones. Since \nthat time the physiographic features have resulted through erosion of the mountain blocks \nand the deposition, in places, of more than 2,800 feet of unconsolidated rock debris in the \nvalley.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ground-water supplies of the Douglas basin are developed largely in the saturated \nzone of the valley-fill sediments. The ground water in the valley fill occurs in thin lenses \nand strata of sand and gravel, which are interbedded with large thicknesses of silt and \nday. Scattered gypsum beds and extensive caliche deposits appear at the surface and \noccur within the valley fill at various depths. Although the valley-fill sediments are as \nmuch as 2,800 feet thick, the uppermost 300 feet or so are the most permeable.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ground water originates as precipitation in the mountain areas. The water collects in \nstreams that lose much of their flow into the coarse sediments that fringe the mountains. \nPart of the water ultimately percolates into the zone of saturation. High evaporation \nrates, vegetative use, and the presence of caliche and clay at shallow depth in the interstream \nareas of the valley floor prevent important recharge of the ground-water reservoir \nfrom direct rainfall or seepage of water applied for irrigation. The total recharge into the \nground-water reservoir of the Douglas basin was about 20,000 acre-feet in 1951.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ground water is discharged from the basin by evapotranspiration, by effluent seepage \ninto Whitewater Draw and underflow out of the basin, and by pumping. In 1951, the total \namount of ground water discharged was about 50,000 acre-feet, of which more than 41,000 \nacre-feet was pumped from wells. Ground water used in excess of recharge is withdrawn \nfrom storage, causing a decline in the water table. Maximum declines have occurred in \nthe heavily pumped Elfrida area, where a decline of more than 11 feet occurred in the 5-\nyear period 1947-51, inclusive.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most irrigation wells in the Douglas basin are less than 200 feet in depth and usually \nproduce less than 400 gpm (gallons per minute). The average specific capacity of the \nwells is about 12 gpm per foot of drawdown. Although water in some parts of the basin is \nartesian, all irrigation wells must be pumped.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ground water in the basin is generally of excellent to good quality for irrigation use, In \nsmall areas along the southern part of Whitewater Draw and east of Douglas the ground \nwater is high in dissolved-solids content. Although most of the water is hard, it is generally \nsatisfactory for domestic use. In many areas the fluoride content is more than 1.5 \nppm (parts per million).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1354","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Arizona State Land Department","usgsCitation":"Coates, D.R., Cushman, R., and Hatchett, J.L., 1955, Geology and ground-water resources of the Douglas basin, Arizona, with a section on chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1354, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1354.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25945,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25946,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25947,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25948,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25949,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277922,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1354/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Douglas Basin;Sulphur Spring Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.1764,31.3349 ], [ -110.1764,32.1617 ], [ -109.0448,32.1617 ], [ -109.0448,31.3349 ], [ -110.1764,31.3349 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68559f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Donald Robert","contributorId":8442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, R.L.","contributorId":102859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatchett, James Lawrence","contributorId":54573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatchett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2459,"text":"wsp1274 - 1955 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1274","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1274","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1955, Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1274, x, 393 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1274.","productDescription":"x, 393 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28535,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2543,"text":"wsp1329A - 1955 - Water-power resources in upper Carson River basin, California - Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T18:38:21.940316","indexId":"wsp1329A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1329","chapter":"A","title":"Water-power resources in upper Carson River basin, California - Nevada","docAbstract":"West Fork Carson River offers the best opportunity for power development in the Carson River basin. The Hope Valley reservoir site could be developed to provide adequate storage regulation and concentration of fall would permit utilization of 1,400 feet of head in 51h miles below the clam site, or 1,900 feet of head in about 972 miles below the dam site; however, the average annual runoff susceptible of development is only about 70,000 acre-feet which limits the power that could be developed continuously in an average year with regulation to about 8,700 kilowatts utilizing 1,400 feet of head, or 12,000 kilowatts utilizing 1,900 feet of head. The method and degree of development will be determined to large extent by the method devised to supplement regulated flows from the Hope Valley reservoir to supply the water already appropriated for irrigation. If the Hope Valley site and the Watasheamu site on East Fork Carson River were developed coordinately water could be transferred to the West Fork for distribution through canals leading from that stream thus satisfying the deficiency due to regulation at Hope Valley and release of stored water on a power schedule. This would permit utilization of the entire 1,900 feet of fall. \r\n\r\nIndependent development of the West Fork for optimum power production would require re-regulation of releases from Hope Valley reservoir and storage of a considerable part of the fall and winter flow for use during the irrigation season. Adequate storage capacity is apparently not available on the West Fork below Hope Valley; but offstream storage may be available in Diamond Valley which could be utilized by diversion from the West Fork near Woodfords. This would limit the utilization of the stream for power purposes to the development of the 1,400 feet of head between the Hope Valley dam site and Wood fords. In a year of average discharge East Fork Carson River and three of its principal tributaries could be developed to produce about 13,500 kilowatts of firm power upstream of the Watasheamu site, which has been proposed as the location of a storage reservoir, the principal use of which would be for irrigation and flood control purposes. Substantial storage regulation would be required because of the seasonal variation in flow; and while sufficient storage capacity is available for such regulation, its value for power development is limited because of the lack of concentration of fall below the storage sites where head could be economically developed. \r\n\r\nThe Watasheamu reservoir with a powerplant near the Horseshoe: Bend site could be operated to develop about 5,400 kilowatts of continuous power in a year of average discharge; however, priority to use of water for irrigation purposes would undoubtedly require operation of the Watasheamu reservoir on a schedule unfavorable to the production of firm power. It is estimated that 47 million kilowatt-hours represents the maximum generation capability of a plant at the Horseshoe Bend site in year of average discharge and a large proportion of this amount would be generated during the period of peak irrigation demand and would be seasonal in nature. Installation of about 7,000 kilowatts of capacity in a plant at the Horseshoe Bend site appears feasible. Annual energy generation would probably be less than the maximum represented by streamflow, depending on the magnitude of releases from the Watasheamu reservoir for irrigation and the demand for seasonal power. \r\n\r\nIt is judged, from a general consideration of the probable cost of the required Structures in relation to the benefits which would accrue from the power that could be produced, that development of East and West Forks Carson River for power purposes only would not be feasible.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. General Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1329A","usgsCitation":"Pumphrey, H.L., 1955, Water-power resources in upper Carson River basin, California - Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1329, Report: iv, 29 p.; 2 Plates: 11.50 x 19.35 inches and  14.90 x 7.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1329A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; 2 Plates: 11.50 x 19.35 inches and  14.90 x 7.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1329a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28786,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1329a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28785,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1329a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28784,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1329a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388019,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24329.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.7177734375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              39.470125122358176\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7177734375,\n              39.470125122358176\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7177734375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pumphrey, Harold L.","contributorId":90702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pumphrey","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2931,"text":"wsp1234 - 1955 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1952 Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1234","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1234","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1952 Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1234","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1955, Surface water supply of the United States, 1952 Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1234, ix, 364 p. : ill., tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1234.","productDescription":"ix, 364 p. : ill., tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1234/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29640,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1234/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42843,"text":"ofr558 - 1955 - Preliminary geologic map of [east-central] part of the Flint Hill quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota, figure 7","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42843,"text":"ofr558 - 1955 - Preliminary geologic map of [east-central] part of the Flint Hill quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota, figure 7","indexId":"ofr558","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of [east-central] part of the Flint Hill quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota, figure 7"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33756,"text":"b1063M - 1971 - Geology of the Flint Hill Quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota","indexId":"b1063M","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Geology of the Flint Hill Quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":33756,"text":"b1063M - 1971 - Geology of the Flint Hill Quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota","indexId":"b1063M","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Flint Hill Quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T10:44:00","indexId":"ofr558","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-8","title":"Preliminary geologic map of [east-central] part of the Flint Hill quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota, figure 7","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr558","usgsCitation":"Bell, H., and Post, E.V., 1955, Preliminary geologic map of [east-central] part of the Flint Hill quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota, figure 7: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-8, Plate: 36.32 x 47.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr558.","productDescription":"Plate: 36.32 x 47.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0008/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Fall River county","otherGeospatial":"Flint Hill Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.05426025390625,\n              43.001634197412876\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.99957275390625,\n              43.001634197412876\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.99957275390625,\n              43.481822852999905\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.05426025390625,\n              43.481822852999905\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.05426025390625,\n              43.001634197412876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c32a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Henry","contributorId":73980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Edwin Van Horn","contributorId":22306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Van Horn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2934,"text":"wsp1273 - 1955 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1273","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1273","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1955, Surface water supply of the United States, 1953, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1273, viii, 284 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1273.","productDescription":"viii, 284 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24455,"text":"ofr55160 - 1955 - Records of wells and springs, water levels, and quality of ground water in central Pierce County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:46:39","indexId":"ofr55160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-160","title":"Records of wells and springs, water levels, and quality of ground water in central Pierce County, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Location and Extent of Area</p>\n<p>The area covered by this report (fig. 1) includes the part of Pierce County, ~ash. that lies west of the foothills of the Cascade Mountains and east of the main waterway of Puget Sound, and extends from the county line on the north to the Nisqually River on the south.</p>\n<p>Purpose and Scope of Report</p>\n<p>This report presents basic information pertaining to the ground-water resources of the central Pierce County area which has been obtained by the United States Geological Survey since the beginning of the cooperative groundwater investigation in 1937. The data have been tabulated and prepared for release at this time so that they may be used by those concerned with the development and use of ground-water supplies in the area. A comprehensive report analyzing and interpreting the basic data is being prepared and will be released in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Conservation and Development Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Sceva, J.E., and Wegner, D.E., 1955, Records of wells and springs, water levels, and quality of ground water in central Pierce County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-160, Report: iv, 261 p.; Plate: 8.7 x 8.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55160.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 261 p.; Plate: 8.7 x 8.0 inches","numberOfPages":"264","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/OFR55160.jpg"},{"id":310227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0160/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0160/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Pierce 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,{"id":15585,"text":"ofr55145 - 1955 - Geology of the Fourmile pegmatite area, Custer County, South Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15585,"text":"ofr55145 - 1955 - Geology of the Fourmile pegmatite area, Custer County, South Dakota","indexId":"ofr55145","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Fourmile pegmatite area, Custer County, South Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39086,"text":"pp297D - 1963 - Geology and pegmatites of the Fourmile quadrangle, Black Hills, South Dakota","indexId":"pp297D","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geology and pegmatites of the Fourmile quadrangle, Black Hills, South Dakota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39086,"text":"pp297D - 1963 - Geology and pegmatites of the Fourmile quadrangle, Black Hills, South Dakota","indexId":"pp297D","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and pegmatites of the Fourmile quadrangle, Black Hills, South Dakota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T16:48:35.305634","indexId":"ofr55145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-145","title":"Geology of the Fourmile pegmatite area, Custer County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Fournile pegmatite area covers 32 sq. mi. in the western part of the Custer pegmatite mining district, Custer County, South Dakota. This area has been one of the major sources of sheet mica in the United States, especially between 1906 and 1911, and it has been a significant source of potash-feldspar, beryl and spodumene.</p><p>The area is part of the much larger area of pegmatites and metamorphic rocks to the north and east that surround Harney Peak and extend throughout the southern part of the pre-Cambrian core of the Black Hills. Paleozoic rocks underlie the western part of the Fourmile area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55145","usgsCitation":"Redden, J.A., 1955, Geology of the Fourmile pegmatite area, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-145, Report: 231 p.; 1 Plate: 32.82 x 50.76 inches; 7 Figures: 23.52 x 23.44 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55145.","productDescription":"Report: 231 p.; 1 Plate: 32.82 x 50.76 inches; 7 Figures: 23.52 x 23.44 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493877,"rank":10,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0145/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493875,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0145/figure-14.pdf","text":"Figure 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,{"id":15764,"text":"ofr55159 - 1955 - Geology of two areas of pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15764,"text":"ofr55159 - 1955 - Geology of two areas of pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska","indexId":"ofr55159","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of two areas of pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35713,"text":"b1024G - 1957 - Some pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1024G","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Some pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35713,"text":"b1024G - 1957 - Some pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1024G","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Some pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T19:10:21.322527","indexId":"ofr55159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-159","title":"Geology of two areas of pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A pegmatite deposit about 600 feet in diameter crops on a high bluff less than one-half mile east of a small unnamed cove between Redfish and Byron Bays, on the west coast of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska.</p><p>The deposit which comprises several pegmatite bodies consists of quartz, albite-oligoclase, microcline and mica, listed in the order of their relative abundance. Feldspar and quartz crystals locally attain a length of more than 1 foot. Some muscovite mica up to 2 inches in diameter occurs, but the major part of the mica is contained in concentrations, containing mica flakes one-half inch across, that often are as large as 10 feet across. Ruby mica of strategic grade has been obtained from float from this deposit.</p><p>None of the rarer minerals such as beryl, columbite-tantalite or cassiterite that often occur in pegmatites were observed in the preliminary examination; and small-size concentrate samples obtained by panning stream sands from the area did not contain recognizable amounts of these rarer minerals. One sample contained a few grains identified as cassiterite. No radioactive anomalies were detected in the pegmatites, or in the stream concentrates.</p><p>The large tonnage of material available arid the favorable location by a good anchorage on an ocean route are favorable factors that should contribute to the development of the deposits. Other deposits of comparable size probably occur in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55159","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, C., 1955, Geology of two areas of pegmatite deposits in southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-159, Report: 38 p.; 4 Plates: 16.79 x 19.24 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55159.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; 4 Plates: 16.79 x 19.24 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421475,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421474,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421473,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421472,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421471,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0159/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -138.61817062769444,\n              59.425247532402835\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.61817062769444,\n              52.06835830001566\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.2334763264309,\n              52.06835830001566\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.2334763264309,\n              59.425247532402835\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.61817062769444,\n              59.425247532402835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16266,"text":"ofr55181 - 1955 - Fossils from bore holes on the Eastern Shore Peninsula, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T16:04:59","indexId":"ofr55181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-181","title":"Fossils from bore holes on the Eastern Shore Peninsula, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>This report lists Foraminifera, Mollusca, and Ostracoda in five bore holes that penetrated a maximum of 445 feet of section in sediments of Pleistocene and Miocene age, and discusses the paleoecologic and stratigraphic significance of the fossils. It includes the contents of references 6, 16, and 18 of Virginia Division of Geology Mineral Resources Circular No. 2, dealing with the geology and groundwater resources of the Eastern Shore peninsula.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55181","usgsCitation":"Todd, R., Gardner, J.A., and Sohn, I.G., 1955, Fossils from bore holes on the Eastern Shore Peninsula, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-181, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55181.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/OFR55181.jpg"},{"id":310233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0181/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.19293212890625,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19293212890625,\n              38.21444607848999\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0091552734375,\n              38.21444607848999\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0091552734375,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19293212890625,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a93fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Ruth","contributorId":81091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Julia A.","contributorId":85038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohn, I. G.","contributorId":70751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21417,"text":"ofr55200 - 1955 - Decriptions of 14 measured sections in southwest Virginia and eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T21:30:07.108662","indexId":"ofr55200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-200","title":"Decriptions of 14 measured sections in southwest Virginia and eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr55200","usgsCitation":"Wilpolt, R.H., and Marden, D.W., 1955, Decriptions of 14 measured sections in southwest Virginia and eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-200, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55200.","productDescription":"137 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0200/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.24316406249999,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.24316406249999,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.24316406249999,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67261f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilpolt, Ralph H.","contributorId":42244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilpolt","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marden, Douglas W.","contributorId":74030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marden","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16559,"text":"ofr55198 - 1955 - Preliminary geologic evaluation of the Chena area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T19:57:39.053257","indexId":"ofr55198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-198","title":"Preliminary geologic evaluation of the Chena area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>It seems fitting at this session of the Alaska Science Conference, the first to be held in the Fairbanks area, to give a preliminary summary of the practical results of a geologic investigation of the Chena area east of Fairbanks. The work was done by the Geological Survey in 1950. One important objective of the study was to consider some of the geologic problems affecting development of the land for commercial and agricultural use -- especially to outline the parts of the area that are subject to possible ground subsidence and differential settling because of melting of ground ice masses in permafrost following clearing of the land for agriculture and for construction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55198","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., 1955, Preliminary geologic evaluation of the Chena area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-198, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55198.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chena area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.57123249956956,\n              64.90367711238932\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.57123249956956,\n              64.81616434255002\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.02328938433524,\n              64.81616434255002\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.02328938433524,\n              64.90367711238932\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.57123249956956,\n              64.90367711238932\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66982d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":173054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206678,"text":"70206678 - 1955 - Provenience of pyroclastic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-16T17:03:41","indexId":"70206678","displayToPublicDate":"1955-12-31T16:54:10","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenience of pyroclastic materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies of rhyolitic and pyroclastic materials, and in particular of welded tuffs and bentonites, show that they occur over wide areas and in volumes which greatly exceed earlier evaluations. Volcanic ash and bentonite occur in the eastern United States where such materials were long unrecognized. In most of the western States, only preliminary studies have been made, but they indicate the presence of these materials in volumes measured in thousands of cubic miles. Less is known about pyroclastic materials in most other parts of the world, but local studies in New Zealand, Australia, and the Dutch East Indies show immense volumes of pyroclastic materials. © 1955, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[427:POPM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.S., 1955, Provenience of pyroclastic materials: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 66, no. 4, p. 427-434, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[427:POPM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. 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,{"id":70216183,"text":"70216183 - 1955 - Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T12:18:16.577043","indexId":"70216183","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-09T11:56:26","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Patches of Buffalo till record the earliest glaciation in the southwestern Wind River Mountains. In places, these rest in youthful valleys cut in high gravel terrace. Two other younger and lower terraces are both topographically and stratigraphically associated with Buffalo till, which may indicate that the Buffalo advance was compound. The pattern of well-preserved moraines shows that during both Bull Lake and Pine-dale time the west-central portion of the range was covered by a mountain icecap from which piedmont glaciers flowed to the floor of the Bridger Basin. In the southern part of the range the glaciers were confined to valleys. Bull Lake stage is clearly double; two large, weathered, and modified moraines are present in several valleys. Each is associated with an extensive outwash plain and valley train.</p><p>The Pinedale stage is recorded by massive, fresh, slightly modified moraines behind which are many recessional moraines. Extensive outwash aprons lead outward from the massive Pinedale moraines, and a small lower terrace can be traced through the main Pinedale moraine to the recessional loops. In several upper valleys well-formed slightly weathered small moraines of the Temple Lake stage occur within 2 miles of cirque head-walls. A terrace below the younger Pinedale outwash is correlated with the Temple Lake stage. In sheltered cirques, small very fresh moraines, probably from the Little Ice Age, occur upstream from the Temple Lake moraines and a few yards from existing small glaciers. The sequence of glacial deposits in this region is typical of many ranges in the Rocky Mountain region.</p><p>Outwash terraces of the Bull Lake, Pinedale, and Temple stages have been traced down the Big Sandy valley nearly to the Green River and down the Sweetwater valley to the North Platte. Thus the Green-Colorado and Platte-Missouri drainages are linked across the Continental Divide by means of traceable outwash deposits. Eolian action was pronounced in the Eden valley during Bull Lake, Pinedale, and post-Pinedale time, and in the East Fork valley during Pinedale time. Frost action features record two phases of intensity in areas formerly covered by Pinedale glaciers: an earlier phase synchronous with the Temple Lake advance, a later during the Little Ice Age. Pollen profiles in the Eden valley show a climatic change during post-Pinedale time, notably a grass maximum which was probably contemporaneous with the Temple Lake advance and the occupation of the Finley site by Early Man.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holmes, G., and Moss, J., 1955, Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 629-654, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.74218749999999,\n              42.27730877423709\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              42.27730877423709\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74218749999999,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74218749999999,\n              42.27730877423709\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, G.W.","contributorId":69215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, J.H.","contributorId":38772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220492,"text":"5220492 - 1955 - Trans-uterine migration of blastocysts in the eastern skunk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T22:47:46.49514","indexId":"5220492","displayToPublicDate":"1955-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trans-uterine migration of blastocysts in the eastern skunk","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1375695","usgsCitation":"Llewellyn, L.M., and Enders, R., 1955, Trans-uterine migration of blastocysts in the eastern skunk: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 36, no. 3, p. 459-459, https://doi.org/10.2307/1375695.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"northern Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.88199598536374,\n              47.00157874383868\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29917753985646,\n              46.46119335529478\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.62732276764915,\n              45.89611426128485\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.45834646821743,\n              45.43555721775121\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.70179462400517,\n              45.054945041301664\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.90946467642169,\n              46.669346982514355\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.97028452599024,\n              47.56498338264714\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.88199598536374,\n              47.00157874383868\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62714f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llewellyn, L. M.","contributorId":104998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llewellyn","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enders, R.K.","contributorId":97207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enders","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70220437,"text":"70220437 - 1955 - Zones of regional metamorphism in the Precambrian of northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T12:00:32.289535","indexId":"70220437","displayToPublicDate":"1955-05-13T08:35:17","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zones of regional metamorphism in the Precambrian of northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Precambrian rocks are exposed throughout an area of about 7500 square miles in northern Michigan. Of this area, approximately 3300 square miles is underlain by relatively unmetamorphosed Upper Precambrian (Keweenawan), about 2700 square miles by metamorphosed Middle Precambrian (Huronian), and about 1500 square miles by metamorphosed Lower Precambrian (“Archean”). Flat-lying or low-dipping strata of Paleozoic age overlap the Precambrian along the east margin of the area.</p><p>The metamorphism, which is shown most clearly by mineralogic changes in the Hu-ronian sedimentary rocks, especially in the iron formations and the graywackes and slates, and in the post-Huronian basic intrusive rocks, occurred during a post-Huronian-pre-Keweenawan interval of orogeny and minor granite intrusion. At least one earlier period of major, intense metamorphism of pre-Huronian age (Algoman?) is recognized. In near-by areas of Wisconsin and Minnesota, a later thermal metamorphism is related to the intrusion of the upper Precambrian Duluth gabbro and equivalent masses;it is restricted to the immediate vicinity of the gabbroic bodies.</p><p>Zones of metamorphic intensity delineated by chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, and sillimanite isograds or their equivalents are partly or completely developed around four nodes, two of which lie in immediately adjacent parts of Wisconsin. The zones range in width from less than a mile to about 30 miles, and metamorphism of low grade is areally dominant over that of intermediate and high grade. The principal iron-ore deposits of the region—the “soft ores”—are restricted to the lower metamorphic zones, whereas the material considered suitable as low-grade concentrating ore (“taconite”) is restricted to the areas of high-grade metamorphism. The influence of metamorphism on grain size appears to be the controlling factor.</p><p>Analysis of thermal gradients inferred from the metamorphic zonation indicates that the heat required for metamorphism must have been derived from subjacent bodies of magma, but the metamorphic patterns show no clear relation to regional structure or to the exposed granitic intrusions of the same orogenic cycle. The granite is most abundant in the areas of strongest metamorphism, but field evidence shows that most of the masses were intruded after the metamorphism. Field evidence also shows that deformation and metamorphism are independent variables in the orogenic scheme for this particular region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1455:ZORMIT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"James, H., 1955, Zones of regional metamorphism in the Precambrian of northern Michigan: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 12, p. 1455-1488, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1455:ZORMIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1488","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Harold L.","contributorId":88204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Harold L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010695,"text":"70010695 - 1955 - Radiocarbon dates of pre-Mankato events in eastern and central North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-02T22:21:32.384723","indexId":"70010695","displayToPublicDate":"1955-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dates of pre-Mankato events in eastern and central North America","docAbstract":"<div>1) A group of samples from horizons previously correlated with the upper part of the Cary substage confirms the correlation as reasonable and is consistently related in time to the dates of the peat layer at Two Creeks and subsequent Mankato events.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>2) A major glaciation affected the Great Lakes region beginning 25,000 or more yr ago and reaching its maximum extent about 18,000 yr ago. It is represented by drift correlated in Ohio with the Cary substage and, at least in part, with the Tazewell substage; in Illinois and adjacent states it is correlated with most of the Tazewell substage and with the Farmdale loess.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>3) The ecology and other associations implied by the dated samples are more consistent with glacial than with nonglacial conditions.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>4) The lower till at Sidney, Ohio (W-188), on which is developed a soil considered a correlative of the Fox series soil on gravels and also buried by till of the major glaciation of 25,000 to 18,000 yr ago, indicates an earlier glaciation extensively exposed in Ohio and believed to be an early Wisconsin event.</div><div>Table 2. List of samples and dates arranged by age groups.</div><div>[See table in the PDF file]</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>5) An earlier glaciation, or glaciations, is implied at several localities by peat, gyttja, or wood more than 30,000 yr old, overlain by till.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>6) The time interval between the middle group and the old group of samples, which has been determined within conservative radiocarbon limits to be greater than 3000 yr, is possibly of the order of 16,000 yr, as suggested by the depth of leaching at Sidney, Ohio.(The ages of all the samples discussed are listed in Table 2.)</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>7) An attempt should now be made to fix more closely the dates of the old samples and to reexamine in the field the stratigraphic sequence in the light of the radiocarbon dates discussed.</div><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.121.3149.649","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Flint, R., and Rubin, M., 1955, Radiocarbon dates of pre-Mankato events in eastern and central North America: Science, v. 121, no. 3149, p. 649-658, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.121.3149.649.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"eastern and central North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.80052180367886,\n              59.884917697182345\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80052180367886,\n              29.121439683183212\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.20036317167717,\n              29.121439683183212\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.20036317167717,\n              59.884917697182345\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80052180367886,\n              59.884917697182345\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"3149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93dee4b0c8380cd8108e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, R.F.","contributorId":39761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048095,"text":"tei303 - 1955 - Geology of the Huron River pitchblende occurrence, Baraga County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T09:36:07","indexId":"tei303","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-11T11:07:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"303","title":"Geology of the Huron River pitchblende occurrence, Baraga County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Small quantities of uranium-bearing minerals were discovered by a geologist of the Jones and Laughlin Ore Company during the summer of 1949 along the East Branch of the Huron River, sec. 1, T. 51 N., R. 30 W., Baraga County, Mich. Subsequent diamond drilling of the prospect by the Jones and Laughlin Ore Company and the Ford Motor Company disclosed only minor amounts of radioactive materials at shallow depths in the immediate vicinity of the surface showings.\nPitchblende and secondary uranium minerals occur as very small, discontinuous stringers and pods in calcite and quartz cementing the breccia within a low-angle shear zone that dips about 10 degrees to the southwest. The shear zone has a thickness of 10 to 30 feet and cuts black, locally carbonaceous slates of the upper Huronian Precambrian Michigamme slate. Mineral deposition during two hypogene stages and one supergene stage was identified in polished sections. The first phase consisted of the introduction of quartz and minor hematite into the sheared slate. After fracturing of the quartz the second stage was initiated by deposition of calcite, pyrite, rutile, pitchblende, bornite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and greenockite. The supergene stage consisted of the development of metatyuyamunite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, cuprite, volborthite, malachite, and goethite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei303","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Vickers, R., 1955, Geology of the Huron River pitchblende occurrence, Baraga County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 303, Report: 21 p.; Plate: 26.39 inches x 30.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei303.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; Plate: 26.39 inches x 30.24 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279895,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/303/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":279894,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/303/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Baraga County","otherGeospatial":"Huron River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.681999,46.418903 ], [ -88.681999,46.967216 ], [ -87.99176,46.967216 ], [ -87.99176,46.418903 ], [ -88.681999,46.418903 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303f63e4b04b8e63a20640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vickers, R.C.","contributorId":50583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickers","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}