Phosphorus (P) loading to the Great Lakes has caused various types of eutrophication problems. Future climatic changes may modify this loading because climatic models project changes in future meteorological conditions, especially for the key hydrologic driver — precipitation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to project how P loading may change from the range of projected climatic changes. To project the future response in P loading, the HydroSPARROW approach was developed that links results from two spatially explicit models, the SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) transport and fate watershed model and the water-quantity Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS was used to project changes in streamflow throughout the Lake Michigan Basin using downscaled meteorological data from eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) subjected to three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Downscaled GCMs project a + 2.1 to + 4.0 °C change in average-annual air temperature (+ 2.6 °C average) and a − 5.1% to + 16.7% change in total annual precipitation (+ 5.1% average) for this geographic area by the middle of this century (2045–2065) and larger changes by the end of the century. The climatic changes by mid-century are projected to result in a − 21.2% to + 8.9% change in total annual streamflow (− 1.8% average) and a − 29.6% to + 17.2% change in total annual P loading (− 3.1% average). Although the average projected changes in streamflow and P loading are relatively small for the entire basin, considerable variability exists spatially and among GCMs because of their variability in projected future precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009","issn":"0380-1330","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Saad, D.A., Christiansen, D.E., and Lorenz, D.J., 2016, Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 536-548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068900","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David J","contributorId":169822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174177,"text":"70174177 - 2016 - Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T14:47:47","indexId":"70174177","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest","docAbstract":"Summary 1. Wildfires are the principal disturbance in the boreal forest, and their size and frequency are increasing as the climate warms. Impacts of fires on boreal wildlife are largely unknown, especially for the tens of millions of waterfowl that breed in the region. This knowledge gap creates significant barriers to the integrative management of fires and waterfowl, leading to fire policies that largely disregard waterfowl. 2. Waterfowl populations across the western boreal forest of North America have been monitored annually since 1955 by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (BPOP), widely considered the most extensive wildlife survey in the world. Using these data, we examined impacts of forest fires on abundance of two waterfowl guilds – dabblers and divers. We modelled waterfowl abundance in relation to fire extent (i.e. amount of survey transect burned) and time since fire, examining both immediate and lagged fire impacts. 3. From 1955 to 2014, >1100 fires in the western boreal forest intersected BPOP survey transects, and many transects burned multiple times. Nonetheless, fires had no detectable impact on waterfowl abundance; annual transect counts of dabbler and diver pairs remained stable from the pre- to post-fire period. 4. The absence of fire impacts on waterfowl abundance extended from the years immediately following the fire to those more than a decade afterwards. Likewise, the amount of transect burned did not influence waterfowl abundance, with similar pair counts from the pre- to post-fire period for small (1–20% burned), medium (21–60%) and large (>60%) burns. 5. Policy implications. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire-related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","collaboration":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Schmutz, J.A., Amundson, C.L., and Lindberg, M., 2016, Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 53, no. 3, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071371","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waterfowl Counts and Wildfire Burn Data from the Western Boreal Forest of North America, 1955-2014"},{"id":324532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90da4","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Schmutz Joel A., Amundson Courtney L., Lindberg Mark S.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ecology","publicationDate":"6/21/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler 0000-0002-4998-3031 tlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3031","contributorId":169307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler","email":"tlewis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170976,"text":"sir20165061 - 2016 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:37:57","indexId":"sir20165061","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5061","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, near 8 bridges at 7 highway crossings of the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, from June 2 to 4, 2015. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,660 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel from bank to bank during low to moderate flood flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation as a low to moderate flood flow comparison to help assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or surrounded by a debris raft, and scour holes were observed at most surveyed piers. The observed scour holes at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to shape and depth. Although exposure of parts of substructural support elements was observed at several piers, the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in bed material at these piers.
\nThe frontal slope values determined for scour holes observed in the current (2015) study generally are similar to recommended values in the literature and values determined for scour holes in previous bathymetric surveys. Several of the structures had piers that were skewed to primary approach flow, and generally the scour hole was deeper and longer on the side of the pier with impinging flow, with some amount of deposition on the leeward side, typical of conditions observed at piers skewed to approach flow; however, at structure A7650 (site 10), the scour hole was deeper and longer on the leeward side of the pier, possibly because of a deflection and contraction of flow caused by a protrusion of the corresponding bank at the bridge.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys exist for all the sites examined in this study. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys (in March 2010 and during the 2011 flood) and those of this study do not indicate any consistent correlation in channel-bed elevations with flow conditions. A simplified assumption of equal to lesser magnitude scour for the lower discharge in the 2015 surveys did not consistently prove to be true, particularly in respect to the depth of observed scour near the piers when compared to results collected during the 2011 flood.
\nA local spatial minimum average channel-bed elevation at structure A7650 (site 10) compared to adjacent sites may indicate this site is at or near a local feature that controls sediment deposition and scour. The average channel-bed elevation values and the distribution of channel-bed elevations imply that sediment unable to deposit near structure A7650 is flushed downstream and deposits at the next downstream site, structure A5817 (site 11).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2016, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5061, 93 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165061.","productDescription":"ix, 93 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073946","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/sir20165061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5061"},{"id":324167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
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Many karst regions are undergoing rapid population growth and expansion of urban land accompanied by increases in wastewater generation and changing patterns of nitrate (NO3−) loading to surface and groundwater. We investigate variability and sources of NO3− in a regional karst aquifer system, the Edwards aquifer of central Texas. Samples from streams recharging the aquifer, groundwater wells, and springs were collected during 2008–12 from the Barton Springs and San Antonio segments of the Edwards aquifer and analyzed for nitrogen (N) species concentrations and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data were augmented by historical data collected from 1937 to 2007. NO3− concentrations and discharge data indicate that short-term variability (days to months) in groundwater NO3− concentrations in the Barton Springs segment is controlled by occurrence of individual storms and multi-annual wet-dry cycles, whereas the lack of short-term variability in groundwater in the San Antonio segment indicates the dominance of transport along regional flow paths. In both segments, longer-term increases (years to decades) in NO3− concentrations cannot be attributed to hydrologic conditions; rather, isotopic ratios and land-use change indicate that septic systems and land application of treated wastewater might be the source of increased loading of NO3−. These results highlight the vulnerability of karst aquifers to NO3− contamination from urban wastewater. An analysis of N-species loading in recharge and discharge for the Barton Springs segment during 2008–10 indicates an overall mass balance in total N, but recharge contains higher concentrations of organic N and lower concentrations of NO3−than does discharge, consistent with nitrification of organic N within the aquifer and consumption of dissolved oxygen. This study demonstrates that subaqueous nitrification of organic N in the aquifer, as opposed to in soils, might be a previously unrecognized source of NO3− to karst groundwater or other oxic groundwater systems.
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To maximize the spatial density and extent of data coverage for statewide mapping of element distributions, we compiled and integrated analyses of more than 175,000 sediment and soil samples from three major, separate sources: the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Uranium Resource Evaluation program, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys geochemical databases. Various types of heterogeneity and deficiencies in these data presented major challenges to our development of coherently integrated datasets for modeling and mapping of element distributions. Researchers from many different organizations and disparate scientific studies collected samples that were analyzed using highly variable methods throughout a time period of more than 50 years, during which many changes in analytical techniques were developed and applied. Despite these challenges, the U.S. Geological Survey has produced a new systematically integrated compilation of sediment and soil geochemical data with an average sample site density of approximately 1 locality per 10 square kilometers (km2) for the entire State of Alaska, although density varies considerably among different areas. From that compilation, we have modeled and mapped the distributions of 68 elements, thus creating an updated geochemical atlas for the State.
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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"
Center Director
USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov
The type collection of Recent mammals in the Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, contains 612 specimens bearing names of 604 species-group taxa of Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea as of May 2016. This catalog presents an annotated list of these holdings comprising 582 holotypes; 16 lectotypes, two of which are newly designated herein; 7 syntypes (15 specimens); and 1 neotype. Included are several specimens that should be in the collection but cannot be found or are now known to be in other collections and therefore are not in the database. Thirty-seven of the names are new since the last type catalog covering these orders, Arthur J. Poole and Viola S. Schantz’s 1942 “Catalog of the Type Specimens of Mammals in the United States National Museum, Including the Biological Surveys Collection” (Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 178). One of these, Lutra iowa Goldman, 1941, was transferred to the National Museum’s Paleobiology Department collection and is mentioned only briefly in this work. Orders and families are arranged systematically following D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder’s 2005 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, third edition, volume 1; within families, currently recognized genera are arranged alphabetically, and within each currently recognized genus, species and subspecies accounts are arranged alphabetically by original published name. Information in each account includes original name and abbreviated citation thereto, current name if other than original, citation for first use of current name combination for the taxon, type designation, U.S. National Museum catalog number(s), preparation, age and sex, date of collection and collector, original collector number, type locality, and remarks as appropriate. Digital photographs of each specimen will serve as a condition report and will be attached to each electronic specimen record. An addendum contains two accounts for holotypes added to the collection subsequent to the publication of the catalog for their taxa. Appendices tabulate summary data for all four of our recent type catalogs (Fisher and Ludwig, 2012, 2014, 2015, and this volume) and include authors of names, collectors of type specimens, countries, islands, and provinces or states in which type specimens were collected, numbers of new names per decade, and summary numbers for holotypes, lectotypes, syntypes, neotypes, and new taxa since the last type catalog (Poole and Schantz, 1942) covering the entire type collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian institution Scholarly Press","doi":"10.5479/si.19436696.646","usgsCitation":"Fisher, R.D., and Ludwig, C.A., 2016, Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, v. 646, vi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.646.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"646","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571ce4b07657d1a064cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Robert D. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rdfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":3913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rdfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, Craig A.","contributorId":19045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170889,"text":"ofr20161068 - 2016 - QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T12:28:00","indexId":"ofr20161068","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1068","title":"QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8","docAbstract":"The software program, QRev applies common and consistent computational algorithms combined with automated filtering and quality assessment of the data to improve the quality and efficiency of streamflow measurements and helps ensure that U.S. Geological Survey streamflow measurements are consistent, accurate, and independent of the manufacturer of the instrument used to make the measurement. Software from different manufacturers uses different algorithms for various aspects of the data processing and discharge computation. The algorithms used by QRev to filter data, interpolate data, and compute discharge are documented and compared to the algorithms used in the manufacturers’ software. QRev applies consistent algorithms and creates a data structure that is independent of the data source. QRev saves an extensible markup language (XML) file that can be imported into databases or electronic field notes software. This report is the technical manual for version 2.8 of QRev.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161068","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2016, QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016–1068, 79 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161068.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073115","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161052","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1052 - ","linkHelpText":"QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—User’s manual for version 2.8"},{"id":324033,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1068/ofr20161068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068"},{"id":324032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1068/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Chief, USGS Office of Surface Water
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-5301
Or visit the Office of Surface Water Web site at: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
","tableOfContents":"Blue-winged teal (Anas discors) are abundant, small-bodied dabbling ducks that breed throughout the prairies of the northcentral USA and central Canada and that winter in the southern USA and northern Neotropics. Given the migratory tendencies of this species, it is plausible that blue-winged teal may disperse avian pathogens, such as parasites causing avian malaria, between spatially distant areas. To test the hypothesis that blue-winged teal play a role in the exchange of blood parasites between North America and areas further south, we collected information on migratory tendencies of this species and sampled birds at spatially distant areas during breeding and non-breeding periods to diagnose and genetically characterize parasitic infections. Using a combination of band recovery data, satellite telemetry, molecular diagnostics, and genetic analyses, we found evidence for (1) migratory connectivity of blue-winged teal between our sampling locations in the Canadian prairies and along the US Gulf Coast with areas throughout the northern Neotropics, (2) parasite acquisition at both breeding and non-breeding areas, (3) infection of blue-winged teal sampled in Canada and the USA withPlasmodium parasite lineages associated with the Neotropics, and (4) infection of blue-winged teal with parasites that were genetically related to those previously reported in waterfowl in both North America and South America. Collectively, our results suggest that blue-winged teal likely play a role in the dispersal of blood parasites between the Neotropics and North America, and therefore, the targeting of this species in surveillance programs for the early detection of Neotropical-origin avian pathogens in the USA may be informative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reed, J.A., Walther, P., Link, P., Schmutz, J.A., Douglas, D., Stallknecht, D.E., and Soos, C., 2016, Evidence for the exchange of blood parasites between North America and the Neotropics in blue-winged teal (Anas discors): Parasitology Research, v. 115, no. 10, p. 3923-3939, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3923","endPage":"3939","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074054","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VMW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Blood Parasite Infection Data from Blue-winged Teal, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and USA (Texas, Louisiana), 2012-2013"},{"id":324149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VMW","text":"Blood parasite infection data from Blue-winged teal, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and USA (Texas, Louisiana), 2012-2013"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.59765625,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -51.328125,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -51.328125,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma 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permafrost—A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:00:22","indexId":"70173955","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost—A review","docAbstract":"Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to modify the distribution of permafrost, leading to changing hydrologic conditions, including alterations in soil moisture, connectivity of inland waters, streamflow seasonality, and the partitioning of water stored above and below ground. The field of permafrost hydrology is undergoing rapid advancement with respect to multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, modeling, and integration with other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability of the many interrelated consequences of climate change is a persistent challenge due to several factors. Observations of hydrologic change have been causally linked to permafrost thaw, but applications of process-based models needed to support and enhance the transferability of empirical linkages have often been restricted to generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline permafrost and unfrozen hydrogeologic characterization, lack of historical data, and simplifications in structure and process representation needed to counter the high computational demands of cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, due in part to the large degree of subsurface heterogeneity of permafrost landscapes and the nonuniformity in thaw patterns and rates, associations between various modes of permafrost thaw and hydrologic change are not readily scalable; even trajectories of change can differ. This review highlights promising advances in characterization and modeling of permafrost regions and presents ongoing research challenges toward projecting hydrologic and ecologic consequences of permafrost thaw at time and spatial scales that are useful to managers and researchers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Kurylyk, B.L., 2016, Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost—A review: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 15, no. 6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072731","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571de4b07657d1a064db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":78262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170058,"text":"sim3355 - 2016 - Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations In and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-27T10:13:08","indexId":"sim3355","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3355","title":"Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations In and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District manage groundwater resources in a part of west Texas near the Texas-New Mexico State line. Declining groundwater levels have raised concerns about the amount of available groundwater in the study area and the potential for water-quality changes resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units.
\nIn 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District, began a multiphase project to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers. The Ogallala aquifer is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the area. This report describes the results of the first phase of the study, during which groundwater-level-altitude and selected water-quality data from wells in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties were compiled and evaluated for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers.
\nReadily available digital groundwater data for the study area (geologic, well-construction, groundwater-level-altitude, and selected water-quality data) were compiled to assess temporal and spatial changes in groundwater resources from early development (1930–60) to recent (2005–15) periods. Pertinent data were compiled from available sources for the study area and for a 5-mile buffer area around the study area to prevent gridding errors near the boundary. Geologic and well-construction data were used to determine or verify the aquifer in which each well was completed. Depending on the available data, the aquifer assignment (aquifer in which a given well was completed) was determined on the basis of the following criteria, in order of priority: (1) the screened or open interval(s) of the well, (2) the total depth of the well, or (3) the completed aquifer reported for a given well by the data source.
\nPotentiometric-surface maps were created to depict changes in groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity aquifers. In addition to comparing groundwater-level altitudes and water quality from the early development and recent periods, hydrographs of groundwater-level altitudes were created, and changes in water quality for various periods between 1930 and 2015 were evaluated. Variance maps for each groundwater-level-altitude grid were used to evaluate the spatial data coverage and to identify areas with higher uncertainty because of spatially limited data availability for some of the aquifers.
\nFor this report, existing dissolved-solids and nitrate concentration data were compiled and assessed for evidence of spatial patterns and changes over time. These data were compiled for samples collected from wells completed in the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, or Dockum aquifer during the early development period (1930–60) or the recent period (2005–15); temporal and spatial variations were assessed from depictions of the measured concentration values. Dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations measured in samples from three wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer (well identifiers 11524, 11824, and 11825) for which long-term monitoring was done for various periods between 1950 and 2015 were also compiled and analyzed.
\nGroundwater-level altitudes of the Ogallala aquifer are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area, varying by as much as 800 feet. Groundwater flow paths for the early development period generally trend from northwest to southeast across the study area. Compared to those for the early development period, local features in the potentiometric surface for the recent period are more pronounced, likely as a result of additional data coverage, increased groundwater withdrawals, and local flow paths that are more variable.
\nFor the Edwards-Trinity aquifer potentiometric-surface map of the recent period, a general northwest to southeast flow gradient was also evident, with some subtle differences compared to the early development period. The Edwards-Trinity aquifer water-level-altitude change map between the early development and recent periods indicated similar spatial trends as in the Ogallala aquifer and indicated that groundwater-level altitudes declined over a large amount of the area for which sufficient data were available for reliably mapping changes.
\nDuring the recent period, median dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were predominantly measured in the western part of the study area, and median concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/L were predominantly measured in the eastern part of the study area. A general pattern of increasing nitrate concentrations from west to the northeast was evident in the study area. Nitrate concentrations measured in samples collected from 16 wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer for the recent period were equal to or greater than 10 mg/L, the primary drinking water standard for finished drinking water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Teeple, A.P., Payne, J.D., and Ikard, Scott, 2016, Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3355, 2 sheets, pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3355.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 32.00 x 35.00 and 32.00 x 35.00; 11 Tables; Pamphlet: vi, 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065525","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"2.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 1"},{"id":321243,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 2"},{"id":321244,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_tables01to11.xlsx","text":"Tables 1 to 11","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3355 Tables 1 to 11"},{"id":321241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Gaines County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.2039,32.961],[-102.2038,32.5237],[-102.2109,32.524],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-102.5954,33.3903],[-102.0774,33.3894],[-102.0782,32.9611],[-102.2039,32.961]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gaines\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4733
Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. The data were collected from four types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; and enhanced trends networks, which evaluate the time scales during which groundwater quality changes. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of water-quality indicators and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and radionuclides. These groundwater quality data are tabulated in this report. Quality-control samples also were collected; data from blank and replicate quality-control samples are included in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds997","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T.L., DeSimone, L.A., Bexfield, L.M., Lindsey, B.D., Barlow, J.R., Kulongoski, J.T., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Kingsbury, J.A., and Belitz, Kenneth, 2016, Groundwater quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013 (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 997, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds997.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 56 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-066328","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438612,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HQ3X18","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Quality Data from the National Water Quality Assessment Project, 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U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
The Gold King mine water release that occurred on 5 August 2015 near the historical mining community of Silverton, Colorado, highlights the environmental legacy that abandoned mines have on the environment. During reclamation efforts, a breach of collapsed workings at the Gold King mine sent 3 million gallons of acidic and metal-rich mine water into the upper Animas River, a tributary to the Colorado River basin. The Gold King mine is located in the scenic, western San Juan Mountains, a region renowned for its volcano-tectonic and gold-silver-base metal mineralization history. Prior to mining, acidic drainage from hydrothermally altered areas was a major source of metals and acidity to streams, and it continues to be so. In addition to abandoned hard rock metal mines, uranium mine waste poses a long-term storage and immobilization challenge in this area. Uranium resources are mined in the Colorado Plateau, which borders the San Juan Mountains on the west. Uranium processing and repository sites along the Animas River near Durango, Colorado, are a prime example of how the legacy of mining must be managed for the health and well-being of future generations. The San Juan Mountains are part of a geoenvironmental nexus where geology, mining, agriculture, recreation, and community issues converge. This trip will explore the geology, mining, and mine cleanup history in which a community-driven, watershed-based stakeholder process is an integral part. Research tools and historical data useful for understanding complex watersheds impacted by natural sources of metals and acidity overprinted by mining will also be discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2016.0044(16)","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Fey, D.L., Chapin, T., and Johnson, R.H., 2016, New perspectives on a 140-year legacy of mining and abandoned mine cleanup in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Field Guides, v. 44, p. 377-419, https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.0044(16).","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075687","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f4e4b09065cdf30523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, Thomas 0000-0001-6587-0734 tchapin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Thomas","email":"tchapin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":639499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174943,"text":"70174943 - 2016 - Estimating species – area relationships by modeling abundance and frequency subject to incomplete sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-22T18:52:33","indexId":"70174943","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-17T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating species – area relationships by modeling abundance and frequency subject to incomplete sampling","docAbstract":"Models and data used to describe species–area relationships confound sampling with ecological process as they fail to acknowledge that estimates of species richness arise due to sampling. This compromises our ability to make ecological inferences from and about species–area relationships. We develop and illustrate hierarchical community models of abundance and frequency to estimate species richness. The models we propose separate sampling from ecological processes by explicitly accounting for the fact that sampled patches are seldom completely covered by sampling plots and that individuals present in the sampling plots are imperfectly detected. We propose a multispecies abundance model in which community assembly is treated as the summation of an ensemble of species-level Poisson processes and estimate patch-level species richness as a derived parameter. We use sampling process models appropriate for specific survey methods. We propose a multispecies frequency model that treats the number of plots in which a species occurs as a binomial process. We illustrate these models using data collected in surveys of early-successional bird species and plants in young forest plantation patches. Results indicate that only mature forest plant species deviated from the constant density hypothesis, but the null model suggested that the deviations were too small to alter the form of species–area relationships. Nevertheless, results from simulations clearly show that the aggregate pattern of individual species density–area relationships and occurrence probability–area relationships can alter the form of species–area relationships. The plant community model estimated that only half of the species present in the regional species pool were encountered during the survey. The modeling framework we propose explicitly accounts for sampling processes so that ecological processes can be examined free of sampling artefacts. Our modeling approach is extensible and could be applied to a variety of study designs and allows the inclusion of additional environmental covariates.
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However, abundance and density metrics may be biased by imperfect capture and lack of geographic closure during sampling. Currently, there is considerable uncertainty about the capture efficiency of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by beach seines. Heterogeneity in capture can occur through unrealistic assumptions of closure and from variation in the probability of capture caused by environmental conditions. We evaluated the assumptions of closure and the influence of environmental conditions on capture efficiency and abundance estimates of Chinook salmon from beach seining within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and the San Francisco Bay. Beach seine capture efficiency was measured using a stratified random sampling design combined with open and closed replicate depletion sampling. A total of 56 samples were collected during the spring of 2014. To assess variability in capture probability and the absolute abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon, beach seine capture efficiency data were fitted to the paired depletion design using modified N-mixture models. These models allowed us to explicitly test the closure assumption and estimate environmental effects on the probability of capture. We determined that our updated method allowing for lack of closure between depletion samples drastically outperformed traditional data analysis that assumes closure among replicate samples. The best-fit model (lowest-valued Akaike Information Criterion model) included the probability of fish being available for capture (relaxed closure assumption), capture probability modeled as a function of water velocity and percent coverage of fine sediment, and abundance modeled as a function of sample area, temperature, and water velocity. Given that beach seining is a ubiquitous sampling technique for many species, our improved sampling design and analysis could provide significant improvements in density and abundance estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Kirsch, J.E., and Hendrix, A.N., 2016, Estimating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance from beach seine data collected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1099, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161099.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074132","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1099/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1099/ofr20161099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1099"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
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From May 2011 to August 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected gravity data at more than 2,300 stations and physical property measurements on more than 640 rock samples from outcrops in the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada. Gravity, magnetic, and physical-property data are used to study and locate regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework related to mineral resources of the eastern Mojave Desert.
The eastern Mojave Desert is host to a world-class rare earth element carbonatite deposit located at Mountain Pass, California. Carbonatites are typically defined as magmatic rocks with high modal abundances of primary carbonate minerals >50 weight percent and elevated abundances of rare earth elements (REEs) (Nelson and others, 1988; Woolley and Kempe, 1989). The “Sulphide Queen” carbonatite ore deposit is a composite, tabular body made up of sills and dikes of REE-bearing sovites and beforsites that occurs just south of the Clark Mountain Range along a north-northwest trending fault-bounded block that extends along the northeast edge of the Mescal Range and northwestern extent of Ivanpah Mountains. This early to middle Proterozoic block is composed of a 1.7 Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny (Miller and others, 2007). Subsequently, these rocks were intruded by a series of granitoids, which included the 1.4 Ga (DeWitt and others, 1987) ultrapotassic alkaline suite of intrusions that are spatially and temporally associated with hundreds of dikes, outcrops, and a carbonatite ore body. The relative age sequence of this intrusive suite of alkaline rocks from oldest to youngest includes shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, and late shonkinite dikes (Olson and others, 1954; Wooden and Miller, 1990; Haxel, 2005; Miller and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161070","usgsCitation":"Denton, K.M., and Ponce, D.A., 2018, Gravity and magnetic studies of the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada (ver 1.1, August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1070, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161070.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; 3 Tables; Metadata; version history","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-064300","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323913,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table01_gravity_data_v1.1.xlsx","text":"Table 1 version 1.1","size":"472 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 1 ver. 1.1"},{"id":323914,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table02_rock_property_data.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"128 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 2"},{"id":323915,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table03_rock_modifier_data.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 3"},{"id":323910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/coverthb_.jpg"},{"id":323911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070"},{"id":323912,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_metadata.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Metadata"},{"id":356639,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"ver. 1.1: August 2018; ver. 1: June 2016","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
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Hawai‘i has experienced numerous destructive tsunamis and the potential for future inundation has been described over the years using various historical events and scenarios. To support tsunami preparedness and risk-reduction planning in Hawai‘i, this study documents the variations among 91 coastal communities and 4 counties in the amounts, types, and percentages of developed land, residents, employees, community-support businesses, dependent-care facilities, public venues, and critical facilities in a composite extreme tsunami-inundation zone associated with two great Aleutian moment magnitude (Mw) 9.3 and 9.6 earthquake scenarios. These earthquake scenarios are considered to provide the maximum tsunami scenario for the Hawaiian Islands. According to 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data, the Hawai‘i extreme tsunami-inundation zone contains approximately 248,749 residents and 91,528 households (18 and 20 percent, respectively, of State totals). The residential population in tsunami-prone areas is racially diverse, with most residents identifying themselves as White (47 percent of the total exposed population), Asian (48 percent), or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (29 percent), either alone or in combination with one or more other races (note that race categories do not sum to 100 percent because individuals were able to report multiple races in the 2010 U.S. Census). A total of 50,016 households are renter-occupied, making up 55 percent of total households in the extreme inundation zone. The extreme tsunami-inundation zone contains 18,693 businesses (37 percent of State totals) and 245,827 employees (42 percent of the State labor force). The employee population in the extreme tsunami-inundation zone is largely in the accommodation and food services and retail-trade sectors. Although occupancy values are not known for each facility, the extreme tsunami-inundation zone also contains numerous community-support businesses (for example, religious organizations and markets), dependent-care facilities (for example, child-day-care facilities and schools), public venues (for example, colleges and entertainment venues), and critical facilities (for example, fire stations and electric companies).
\nCommunity exposure to tsunamis in Hawai‘i varies considerably—some communities may experience great losses that reflect only a small part of their community and others may experience relatively small losses that devastate them. Among the 91 communities and 4 counties, Urban Honolulu has the highest number of people and businesses in the extreme tsunami-inundation zone, and Hanalei has the highest percentages of its people and businesses in this zone. Urban Honolulu has the highest combination of the number and percentage of people, businesses, and facilities in the hazard zone. This report will further the dialogue on societal risk to tsunami hazards in Hawai‘i and help identify future preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery planning needs within coastal communities and economic sectors of the State of Hawaii.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hawai‘i Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Jamieson, M.R., and Wood, N.J., 2016, Community exposure to tsunami hazards in Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2016–5053, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165053.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069839","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5053/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323922,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5053/sir20165053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 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\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information, Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 531
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/
This report summarizes a three-dimensional (3-D) geologic model that was constructed to provide a framework to investigate groundwater resources of the Osage Nation in northeastern Oklahoma. This report also presents an analysis of an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey that assessed the spatial variation of electrical resistivity to depths as great as 300 meters in the subsurface. The report and model provide support for a countywide assessment of groundwater resources, emphasizing the Upper Pennsylvanian rock units in the shallow subsurface of central and eastern Osage County having electrical resistivity properties that may indicate aquifers.
\nSurface outcrops and subsurface stratigraphic picks on wire-line geophysical logs of Upper Pennsylvanian–Lower Permian sedimentary rock were used to construct a 3-D model of the geologic subsurface as an aid for evaluating groundwater resources in Osage County. Quaternary alluvium and terraces along major streams and the Arkansas River are included in the geologic framework model. Data from the AEM survey were subjected to quality-control procedures, truncated at depth of investigation (DOI), and then used to build a 3-D electrical resistivity model making use of secondary and tertiary interpolation profiles between primary data profiles. The AEM data highlight westward-inclined resistivity gradients that parallel the shallow dip of bedrock strata; bodies have resistivity >30 ohm-meters, and extend as much as 10 kilometers (km) down the dip of host geologic units. Volume analysis and internal imaging of an integrated 3-D geology and electrical resistivity model give a proxy for likely aquifer units with large relative volumes of high resistivity: Quaternary alluvium, Elgin Sandstone Lentil in the upper part of the Vamoosa Group, Tallant Formation, and parts of a combined Wann-Iola-Chanute Formation. Less voluminous, high-resistivity bodies correspond to intervals in the lower part of the Vamoosa Group in the east-central part of the county and probable limestone intervals in the upper part of the Vanoss Group in the northwest part of the county. Northwestern and eastern troughs of potable water previously defined for central Osage County generally correspond to down-dip projections of high-resistivity bodies associated with the Elgin Sandstone Lentil of the Vamoosa Group and Tallant Formation, respectively.
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Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
The Defense Minerals Administration (DMA), Defense Minerals Exploration Administration (DMEA), and Office of Minerals Exploration (OME) mineral exploration programs were active over the period 1950–1974. Under these programs, the Federal Government contributed financial assistance in the exploration for certain strategic and critical minerals. The information about a mining property that was collected under these programs was placed in files called dockets. A docket is a collection of material (application, contract, correspondence, maps, reports, results) about a property for which an individual applied for exploration assistance from the Federal Government. Information found in dockets describe where mineral deposits were examined, what was found, and whether it was mined. As such, they provide very useful information to private industry regarding potential and non-potential prospect areas, provide the U.S. Geological Survey with useful information on mineral occurrences that are used in national assessments for particular mineral deposits, and provide other U.S. Federal agencies (Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, and Environmental Protection Agency) information relevant to land management, permitting, and leasing.
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U.S. Geological Survey
904 W. Riverside Ave., Room 202
Spokane, WA 99201
FAX 509/368-3199
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
Flooding occurred in the central and southeastern United States during December 2015 and January 2016. The flooding was the result of more than 20 inches of rain falling in a 19 day period from December 12 to December 31, 2015. U.S. Geological Survey streamgages recorded 23 peaks of record during the subsequent flooding, with a total of 172 streamgages recording peaks that ranked in the top 5 all time for the period of record.
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U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Or visit the Office of Surface Water Web site at:
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia (fig. 1), is dependent on groundwater for its municipal and industrial water supply. The population of Mongolia is about 3 million people, with about one-half the population residing in or near Ulaanbaatar (World Population Review, 2016). Groundwater is drawn from a network of shallow wells in an alluvial aquifer along the Tuul River. Evidence indicates that current water use may not be sustainable from existing water sources, especially when factoring the projected water demand from a rapidly growing urban population (Ministry of Environment and Green Development, 2013). In response, the Government of Mongolia Ministry of Environment, Green Development, and Tourism (MEGDT) and the Freshwater Institute, Mongolia, requested technical assistance on groundwater modeling through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Scientists from the USGS and USACE provided two workshops in 2015 to Mongolian hydrology experts on basic principles of groundwater modeling using the USGS groundwater modeling program MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005). The purpose of the workshops was to bring together representatives from the Government of Mongolia, local universities, technical experts, and other key stakeholders to build in-country capacity in hydrogeology and groundwater modeling.
A preliminary steady-state groundwater-flow model was developed as part of the workshops to demonstrate groundwater modeling techniques to simulate groundwater conditions in alluvial deposits along the Tuul River in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar. ModelMuse (Winston, 2009) was used as the graphical user interface for MODFLOW for training purposes during the workshops. Basic and advanced groundwater modeling concepts included in the workshops were groundwater principles; estimating hydraulic properties; developing model grids, data sets, and MODFLOW input files; and viewing and evaluating MODFLOW output files. A key to success was developing in-country technical capacity and partnerships with the Mongolian University of Science and Technology; Freshwater Institute, Mongolia, a non-profit organization; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the Government of Mongolia; and the USACE.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Pacific Command; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management under the auspices of UNESCO; Government of Mongolia Ministry of Environment, Green Development, and Tourism; and Freshwater Institute, Mongolia","usgsCitation":"Valder, J.F., Carter, J.M., Anderson, M.T., Davis, K.W., Haynes M.A., and Dechinlhundev, Dorjsuren, 2016, Building groundwater modeling capacity in Mongolia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1096, 1 sheet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161096.","productDescription":"Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075136","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1096/ofr20161096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1096"},{"id":323763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[87.75126,49.2972],[88.80557,49.47052],[90.71367,50.33181],[92.23471,50.80217],[93.10422,50.49529],[94.14757,50.48054],[94.81595,50.01343],[95.81403,49.97747],[97.25973,49.72606],[98.23176,50.4224],[97.82574,51.011],[98.86149,52.04737],[99.98173,51.63401],[100.88948,51.51686],[102.06522,51.25992],[102.25591,50.51056],[103.67655,50.08997],[104.62155,50.27533],[105.88659,50.40602],[106.8888,50.2743],[107.86818,49.79371],[108.47517,49.28255],[109.40245,49.29296],[110.66201,49.13013],[111.58123,49.37797],[112.89774,49.54357],[114.36246,50.2483],[114.96211,50.14025],[115.4857,49.80518],[116.6788,49.88853],[116.1918,49.1346],[115.48528,48.13538],[115.74284,47.72654],[116.30895,47.85341],[117.29551,47.69771],[118.06414,48.06673],[118.86657,47.74706],[119.77282,47.04806],[119.66327,46.69268],[118.87433,46.80541],[117.4217,46.67273],[116.71787,46.3882],[115.9851,45.72724],[114.46033,45.33982],[113.46391,44.80889],[112.43606,45.01165],[111.87331,45.10208],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.12968,43.40683],[110.4121,42.87123],[109.2436,42.51945],[107.74477,42.48152],[106.12932,42.13433],[104.96499,41.59741],[104.52228,41.90835],[103.31228,41.90747],[101.83304,42.51487],[100.84587,42.6638],[99.51582,42.52469],[97.45176,42.74889],[96.3494,42.72564],[95.76245,43.31945],[95.30688,44.24133],[94.68893,44.35233],[93.48073,44.97547],[92.13389,45.11508],[90.94554,45.28607],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.28083,47.69355],[88.8543,48.06908],[88.01383,48.59946],[87.75126,49.2972]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mongolia\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, South Dakota 57702
Or visit the South Dakota Water Science Center Web site at:
http://sd.water.usgs.gov/
Benthos (benthic invertebrates) and plankton (zooplankton and phytoplankton) communities were sampled in 2014 at 10 Wisconsin rivers and harbors, including 4 sites in Great Lakes Areas of Concern and 6 less degraded comparison sites with similar physical and chemical characteristics, including climate, latitude, geology, and land use. Previous U.S. Geological Survey sampling was completed in 2012, but because of ongoing sediment remediation at three of the Areas of Concern (AOCs) and unusually hot and dry conditions in many areas during 2012, additional sampling was added in 2014. Comparable sampling methods were used in 2012 and 2014. Benthos were collected by using Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers and composite Ponar grab samples of bottom sediment; zooplankton were collected by using tows from depth to the surface with a 63-micrometer mesh plankton net; phytoplankton were collected by using whole water samples composited from set depth intervals. This report describes the study areas and field sampling methods for 2014, and it presents data on taxonomic identification and abundance of benthos and plankton that can serve as a basis for evaluation of related Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs) at the AOCs. Physical and chemical data were sampled concurrently (specific conductance, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, total and volatile suspended solids in water samples; particle size and volatile-on-ignition of sediment in benthic grab samples). The results of field quality assurance-quality control are also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1000","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes National Program Office","usgsCitation":"Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Burns, D.J., Templar, H.A., Bell, A.H., and Mapel, K.T., 2016, Benthos and plankton community data for selected rivers and harbors along the western Lake Michigan shoreline, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1000, 29 p. plus 8 appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1000.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; 8 Appendixes; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072354","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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Coastal Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are found from northern Canada to New England. The extent of anadromy generally decreases with latitude, but the ecology and movements of more southern populations are poorly understood. We conducted a 33-month acoustic telemetry study of Brook Trout in Red Brook, MA, and adjacent Buttermilk Bay (marine system) using 16 fixed acoustic receivers and surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in 84 individuals. Tagged Brook Trout used the stream, estuary (50% of individuals) and bay (10% of individuals). Movements into full sea water were brief when occurring. GAMM models revealed that transitions between habitat areas occurred most often in spring and fall. Environmental data suggest that use of the saline environment is limited by summer temperatures in the bay. Movements may also be related to moon phase. Compared to more northern coastal populations of Brook Trout, the Red Brook population appears to be less anadromous overall, yet the estuarine segment of the system may have considerable ecological importance as a food resource.
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We have taken a two‐stage approach to EEW: (1) detection and initial characterization using strong‐motion data with the Earthquake Alarm Systems (ElarmS) seismic early warning package and (2) the triggering of geodetic modeling modules using Global Navigation Satellite Systems data that help provide robust estimates of large‐magnitude earthquakes. In this article we demonstrate the performance of the latter, the Geodetic First Approximation of Size and Time (G‐FAST) geodetic early warning system, using simulated displacements for the 2001Mw 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. We test the timing and performance of the two G‐FAST source characterization modules, peak ground displacement scaling, and Centroid Moment Tensor‐driven finite‐fault‐slip modeling under ideal, latent, noisy, and incomplete data conditions. We show good agreement between source parameters computed by G‐FAST with previously published and postprocessed seismic and geodetic results for all test cases and modeling modules, and we discuss the challenges with integration into the U.S. Geological Survey’s ShakeAlert EEW system.
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