Management interest in North American birds has increasingly focused on species that breed in Alaska, USA, and Canada, where habitats are changing rapidly in response to climatic and anthropogenic factors. We used a series of hierarchical models to estimate rates of population change in 2 forested Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) in Alaska based on data from the roadside North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and the Alaska Landbird Monitoring Survey, which samples off-road areas on public resource lands. We estimated long-term (1993–2015) population trends for 84 bird species from the BBS and short-term (2003–2015) trends for 31 species from both surveys. Among the 84 species with long-term estimates, 11 had positive trends and 17 had negative trends in 1 or both BCRs; negative trends were primarily found among aerial insectivores and wetland-associated species, confirming range-wide negative continental trends for many of these birds. Three species with negative trends in the contiguous United States and southern Canada had positive trends in Alaska, suggesting different population dynamics at the northern edges of their ranges. Regional population trends within Alaska differed for several species, particularly those represented by different subspecies in the 2 BCRs, which are separated by rugged, glaciated mountain ranges. Analysis of the roadside and off-road data in a joint hierarchical model with shared parameters resulted in improved precision of trend estimates and suggested a roadside-related difference in underlying population trends for several species, particularly within the Northwestern Interior Forest BCR. The combined analysis highlights the importance of considering population structure, physiographic barriers, and spatial heterogeneity in habitat change when assessing patterns of population change across a landscape as broad as Alaska. Combined analysis of roadside and off-road survey data in a hierarchical framework may be particularly useful for evaluating patterns of population change in relatively undeveloped regions with sparse roadside BBS coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-17-67.1","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Sauer, J.R., 2017, Combined analysis of roadside and off-road breeding bird survey data to assess population change in Alaska: Condor, v. 119, no. 3, p. 557-575, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-17-67.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"575","ipdsId":"IP-085966","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461428,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-17-67.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SCO7AN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Alaska Landbird Monitoring Survey Dataset"},{"id":344972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599a9fb1e4b0b589267d58b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190200,"text":"70190200 - 2017 - Life histories and conservation of long-lived reptiles, an illustration with the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-20T10:51:17","indexId":"70190200","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Life histories and conservation of long-lived reptiles, an illustration with the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)","title":"Life histories and conservation of long-lived reptiles, an illustration with the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)","docAbstract":"The last 2500 years of activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) have been characterized by centuries-long periods dominated by either effusive or explosive eruptions. The most recent period of explosive activity produced the Keanakāko‘i Tephra (KT; ca. 1500–1820 C.E.) and occurred after the collapse of the summit caldera (1470–1510 C.E.). Previous studies suggest that KT magmas may have ascended rapidly to the surface, bypassing storage in crustal reservoirs. The storage conditions and rapid ascent hypothesis are tested here using chemical zoning in olivine crystals and thermodynamic modeling. Forsterite contents (Fo; [Mg/(Mg + Fe) × 100]) of olivine core and rim populations are used to identify melt components in Kīlauea’s prehistoric (i.e., pre-1823) plumbing system. Primitive (≥Fo88) cores occur throughout the 300+ years of the KT period; they originated from mantle-derived magmas that were first mixed and stored in a deep crustal reservoir. Bimodal olivine populations (≥Fo88 and Fo83–84) record repeated mixing of primitive magmas and more differentiated reservoir components shallower in the system, producing a hybrid composition (Fo85–87). Phase equilibria modeling using MELTS shows that liquidus olivine is not stable at depths >17 km. Thus, calculated timescales likely record mixing and storage within the crust. Modeling of Fe–Mg and Ni zoning patterns (normal, reverse, complex) reveal that KT magmas were mixed and stored for a few weeks to several years before eruption, illustrating a more complex storage history than direct and rapid ascent from the mantle as previously inferred for KT magmas. Complexly zoned crystals also have smoothed compositional reversals in the outer 5–20 µm rims that are out of Fe–Mg equilibrium with surrounding glasses. Diffusion models suggest that these rims formed within a few hours to a few days, indicating that at least one additional, late-stage mixing event may have occurred shortly prior to eruption. Our study illustrates that the lifetimes of KT magmas are more complex than previously proposed, and that most KT magmas did not rise rapidly from the mantle without modification during shallow crustal storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-017-1395-4","usgsCitation":"Lynn, K., Garcia, M.O., Shea, T., Costa, F., and Swanson, D., 2017, Timescales of mixing and storage for Keanakāko‘i Tephra magmas (1500-1823 C.E.), Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 172, 76, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1395-4.","productDescription":"76, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084826","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33339726285445,\n 19.47218468157476\n ],\n [\n -155.33339726285445,\n 19.36470404669582\n ],\n [\n -155.18967274036802,\n 19.36470404669582\n ],\n [\n -155.18967274036802,\n 19.47218468157476\n ],\n [\n -155.33339726285445,\n 19.47218468157476\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynn, Kendra J.","contributorId":346804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kendra J.","affiliations":[{"id":82969,"text":"iversity of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Michael O.","contributorId":225524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, Thomas","contributorId":236886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":47560,"text":"University of Hawaii Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costa, Fidel","contributorId":184169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Fidel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":229682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":919933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189955,"text":"sir20175022K3 - 2017 - Geologic field-trip guide to Mount Shasta Volcano, northern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189955,"text":"sir20175022K3 - 2017 - Geologic field-trip guide to Mount Shasta Volcano, northern California","indexId":"sir20175022K3","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"K3","title":"Geologic field-trip guide to Mount Shasta Volcano, northern California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T12:27:50","indexId":"sir20175022K3","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5022","chapter":"K3","title":"Geologic field-trip guide to Mount Shasta Volcano, northern California","docAbstract":"The southern part of the Cascades Arc formed in two distinct, extended periods of activity: “High Cascades” volcanoes erupted during about the past 6 million years and were built on a wider platform of Tertiary volcanoes and shallow plutons as old as about 30 Ma, generally called the “Western Cascades.” For the most part, the Shasta segment (for example, Hildreth, 2007; segment 4 of Guffanti and Weaver, 1988) of the arc forms a distinct, fairly narrow axis of short-lived small- to moderate-sized High Cascades volcanoes that erupted lavas, mainly of basaltic-andesite or low-silica-andesite compositions. Western Cascades rocks crop out only sparsely in the Shasta segment; almost all of the following descriptions are of High Cascades features except for a few unusual localities where older, Western Cascades rocks are exposed to view along the route of the field trip.
The High Cascades arc axis in this segment of the arc is mainly a relatively narrow band of either monogenetic or short-lived shield volcanoes. The belt generally averages about 15 km wide and traverses the length of the Shasta segment, roughly 100 km between about the Klamath River drainage on the north, near the Oregon-California border, and the McCloud River drainage on the south (fig. 1). Superposed across this axis are two major long-lived stratovolcanoes and the large rear-arc Medicine Lake volcano. One of the stratovolcanoes, the Rainbow Mountain volcano of about 1.5–0.8 Ma, straddles the arc near the midpoint of the Shasta segment. The other, Mount Shasta itself, which ranges from about 700 ka to 0 ka, lies distinctly west of the High Cascades axis. It is notable that Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake volcanoes, although volcanologically and petrologically quite different, span about the same range of ages and bracket the High Cascades axis on the west and east, respectively.
The field trip begins near the southern end of the Shasta segment, where the Lassen Volcanic Center field trip leaves off, in a field of high-alumina olivine tholeiite lavas (HAOTs, referred to elsewhere in this guide as low-potassium olivine tholeiites, LKOTs). It proceeds around the southern, western, and northern flanks of Mount Shasta and onto a part of the arc axis. The stops feature elements of the Mount Shasta area in an approximately chronological order, from oldest to youngest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022K3","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, R.L., Calvert, A.T., and Grove T.L., 2017, Geologic field-trip guide to Mount Shasta volcano, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5022-K3, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022K3.","productDescription":"ix, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-089120","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344950,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022K","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5022-K","description":"SIR 2017-5022-K","linkHelpText":" - Chapter K: Overview for geologic field-trip guides to volcanoes of the Cascades Arc in northern California"},{"id":364156,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/k3/sir20175022_k3_geopdf.pdf","text":"Map of field-trip stops at Mount Shasta Volcano","size":"2.5 MB GeoPDF","description":"SIR 2017-5022-K3 GeoPDF","linkHelpText":" - To use the map, users need to download and install a mapping application for smartphone or tablet such as Avenza or Terra Go Toolbar."},{"id":344949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/k3/sir20175022_k3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5022-K3"},{"id":344952,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022K2","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5022-K2","description":"SIR 2017-5022-K2","linkHelpText":" - Chapter K2: Geologic Field-Trip Guide to the Lassen Segment of the Cascades Arc, Northern California"},{"id":344951,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022K1","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5022-K1","description":"SIR 2017-5022-K1","linkHelpText":" - Chapter K1: Geologic Field-Trip Guide to Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, Including Lava Beds National Monument"},{"id":344948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/k3/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mount Shasta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -122.40,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -122.40,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
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345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
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We examined the relationship between local- (wetland) and landscape-level factors and breeding bird abundances on 1,190 depressional wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota during the breeding seasons in 1995–97. The surveyed wetlands were selected from five wetland classes (alkali, permanent, semipermanent, seasonal, or temporary), two wetland types (natural or restored), and two landowner groups (private or Federal). We recorded 133 species of birds in the surveyed wetlands during the 3 years. We analyzed the nine most common (or focal) species (that is, species that were present in 25 percent or more of the 1,190 wetlands): the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), American Coot (Fulica americana), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata), and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Our results emphasize the ecological value of all wetland classes, natural and restored wetlands, and publicly and privately owned wetlands in this region, including wetlands that are generally smaller and shallower (that is, temporary and seasonal wetlands) and thus most vulnerable to drainage. Blue-winged Teal, Northern Shoveler, Gadwall, Common Yellowthroat, and Red-winged Blackbird had higher abundances on Federal than on private wetlands. Abundances differed among wetland classes for seven of the nine focal species: Blue-winged Teal, Northern Shoveler, Mallard, American Coot, Common Yellowthroat, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Red-winged Blackbird. American Coot had higher abundances on restored wetlands than on natural wetlands overall, and Gadwall and Common Yellowthroat had higher abundances on private restored wetlands than on private natural wetlands. The Common Yellowthroat was the only species that had higher abundances on restored private wetlands than on restored Federal wetlands. After adjusting for wetland size and the date and location of the surveys, our results demonstrated that incorporating wetland- and landscape-level factors in models can improve our ability to predict abundances of wetland birds in this region. The top model for eight of the nine focal species included wetland- and landscape-level factors, whereas the best model for Blue-winged Teal included only wetland-level attributes. Although local factors (for example, percent open water or emergent vegetation) in individual wetlands are important factors for some wetland breeding birds, it is important that natural resource managers consider landscape-level factors beyond the local factors in their conservation plans for wetland birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171096","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., Johnson, D.H., and Buhl, D.A., 2017, The influence of local- and landscape-level factors on wetland breeding birds in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1096, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171096.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 65 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086062","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FX77XM","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"The influence of local- and landscape-level factors on wetland breeding birds in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota 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U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Human perceptions of the landscape can influence land-use and land-management decisions. Recognizing the diversity of landscape perceptions across space and time is essential to understanding land change processes and emergent landscape patterns. We summarize the role of landscape perceptions in the land change process, demonstrate advances in quantifying and mapping landscape perceptions, and describe how these spatially explicit techniques have and may benefit land change research.
Mapping landscape perceptions is becoming increasingly common, particularly in research focused on quantifying ecosystem services provision. Spatial representations of landscape perceptions, often measured in terms of landscape values and functions, provide an avenue for matching social and environmental data in land change studies. Integrating these data can provide new insights into land change processes, contribute to landscape planning strategies, and guide the design and implementation of land change models.
Challenges remain in creating spatial representations of human perceptions. Maps must be accompanied by descriptions of whose perceptions are being represented and the validity and uncertainty of those representations across space. With these considerations, rapid advancements in mapping landscape perceptions hold great promise for improving representation of human dimensions in landscape ecology and land change research.
We determine Modified Mercalli (Seismic) Intensities (MMI) for nine onshore earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 and larger that occurred in central and western Washington between 1989 and 1999, on the basis of effects reported in postal questionnaires, the press, and professional collaborators. The earthquakes studied include four earthquakes of M5 and larger: the M5.0 Deming earthquake of April 13, 1990, the M5.0 Point Robinson earthquake of January 29, 1995, the M5.4 Duvall earthquake of May 3, 1996, and the M5.8 Satsop earthquake of July 3, 1999. The MMI are assigned using data and procedures that evolved at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its Department of Commerce predecessors and that were used to assign MMI to felt earthquakes occurring in the United States between 1931 and 1986. We refer to the MMI assigned in this report as traditional MMI, because they are based on responses to postal questionnaires and on newspaper reports, and to distinguish them from MMI calculated from data contributed by the public by way of the internet. Maximum traditional MMI documented for the M5 and larger earthquakes are VII for the 1990 Deming earthquake, V for the 1995 Point Robinson earthquake, VI for the 1996 Duvall earthquake, and VII for the 1999 Satsop earthquake; the five other earthquakes were variously assigned maximum intensities of IV, V, or VI. Starting in 1995, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) published MMI maps for four of the studied earthquakes, based on macroseismic observations submitted by the public by way of the internet. With the availability now of the traditional USGS MMI interpreted for all the sites from which USGS postal questionnaires were returned, the four Washington earthquakes join a rather small group of earthquakes for which both traditional USGS MMI and some type of internet-based MMI have been assigned. The values and distributions of the traditional MMI are broadly similar to the internet-based PNSN intensities; we discuss some differences in detail that reflect differences in data-sampling procedure, differences in the procedure used to assign intensity numbers from macroseismic observations, and differences in how intensities are mapped.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171104","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Dewey, J.W., and Cassidy, J.F., 2017, Modified Mercalli Intensities for nine earthquakes in central and western Washington between 1989 and 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1104, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171104.","productDescription":"v, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080341","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1104/ofr2017.1104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1104"},{"id":344860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1104/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 49.78835749241399\n ],\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 49.78835749241399\n ],\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 44.12702800650004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"USGS Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Mail Stop 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks are rapidly spreading throughout subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains, raising concerns that altered fuel structures may increase the ecological severity of wildfires. Although many recent studies have found no conclusive link between beetle outbreaks and increased fire size or canopy mortality, few studies have addressed whether these combined disturbances produce compounded effects on short-term vegetation recovery. We tested for an effect of spruce beetle outbreak severity on vegetation recovery in the West Fork Complex fire in southwestern Colorado, USA, where much of the burn area had been affected by severe spruce beetle outbreaks in the decade prior to the fire. Vegetation recovery was assessed using the Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) two years after the fire, which occurred in 2013. Beetle outbreak severity, defined as the basal area of beetle-killed trees within Landsat pixels, was estimated using vegetation index differences (dVIs) derived from pre-outbreak and post-outbreak Landsat images. Of the seven dVIs tested, the change in Normalized Difference Moisture Index (dNDMI) was most strongly correlated with field measurements of beetle-killed basal area (R2 = 0.66). dNDMI was included as an explanatory variable in sequential autoregressive (SAR) models of NDVI2015. Models also included pre-disturbance NDVI, topography, and weather conditions at the time of burning as covariates. SAR results showed a significant correlation between NDVI2015 and dNDMI, with more severe spruce beetle outbreaks corresponding to reduced post-fire vegetation cover. The correlation was stronger for models which were limited to locations in the red stage of outbreak (outbreak ≤ 5 years old at the time of fire) than for models of gray-stage locations (outbreak > 5 years old at the time of fire). These results indicate that vegetation recovery processes may be negatively impacted by severe spruce beetle outbreaks occurring within a decade of stand-replacing wildfire.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0181778","usgsCitation":"Carlson, A., Sibold, J.S., Assal, T.J., and Negron, J.F., 2017, Evidence of compounded disturbance effects on vegetation recovery following high-severity wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 8, Article e0181778: 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181778.","productDescription":"Article e0181778: 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-083553","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181778","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59940845e4b0fe2b9fe8af8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Amanda R. 0000-0002-0450-2636","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-2636","contributorId":195661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibold, Jason S.","contributorId":195662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibold","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Negron, Jose F.","contributorId":10734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negron","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190165,"text":"70190165 - 2017 - Centennial-scale reductions in nitrogen availability in temperate forests of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:00:21","indexId":"70190165","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Centennial-scale reductions in nitrogen availability in temperate forests of the United States","docAbstract":"Forests cover 30% of the terrestrial Earth surface and are a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Humans have doubled the amount of global reactive nitrogen (N), increasing deposition of N onto forests worldwide. However, other global changes—especially climate change and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations—are increasing demand for N, the element limiting primary productivity in temperate forests, which could be reducing N availability. To determine the long-term, integrated effects of global changes on forest N cycling, we measured stable N isotopes in wood, a proxy for N supply relative to demand, on large spatial and temporal scales across the continental U.S.A. Here, we show that forest N availability has generally declined across much of the U.S. since at least 1850 C.E. with cool, wet forests demonstrating the greatest declines. Across sites, recent trajectories of N availability were independent of recent atmospheric N deposition rates, implying a minor role for modern N deposition on the trajectory of N status of North American forests. Our results demonstrate that current trends of global changes are likely to be consistent with forest oligotrophication into the foreseeable future, further constraining forest C fixation and potentially storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-08170-z","usgsCitation":"McLauchlan, K.K., Gerhart, L.M., Battles, J.J., Craine, J.M., Elmore, A.J., Higuera, P., Mack, M.M., McNeil, B.E., Nelson, D.M., Pederson, N., and Perakis, S.S., 2017, Centennial-scale reductions in nitrogen availability in temperate forests of the United States: Scientific Reports, v. 7, Article 7856: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08170-z.","productDescription":"Article 7856: 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088632","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08170-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59940846e4b0fe2b9fe8af93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLauchlan, Kendra K.","contributorId":7994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLauchlan","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerhart, Laci M.","contributorId":150048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhart","given":"Laci","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battles, John J.","contributorId":102006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craine, Joseph M.","contributorId":139154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craine","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elmore, Andrew J.","contributorId":29702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Higuera, Phil E.","contributorId":16736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuera","given":"Phil E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mack, Michelle M","contributorId":195657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mack","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNeil, Brendan E.","contributorId":195658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeil","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nelson, David M.","contributorId":175098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13479,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pederson, Neil","contributorId":149422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17731,"text":"Research Scientist, Tree Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193719,"text":"70193719 - 2017 - Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon- Implications for emplacement and surface modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T14:50:52","indexId":"70193719","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon- Implications for emplacement and surface modification","docAbstract":"Large explosive eruptions of silicic magma can produce widespread pumice fall, extensive ignimbrite sheets, and collapse calderas. The surfaces of voluminous ignimbrites are rarely preserved or documented because most terrestrial examples are heavily vegetated, or severely modified by post-depositional processes. Much research addresses the internal sedimentary characteristics, flow processes, and depositional mechanisms of ignimbrites, however, surface features of ignimbrites are less well documented and understood, except for comparatively small-volume deposits of historical eruptions. The ~7,700 calendar year B.P. climactic eruption of Mount Mazama, USA vented ~50 km3 of magma, deposited first as rhyodacite pumice fall and then as a zoned rhyodacite-to-andesite ignimbrite as Crater Lake caldera collapsed. Lidar collected during summer 2010 reveals the remarkably well-preserved surface of the Mazama ignimbrite and related deposits surrounding Crater Lake caldera in unprecedented detail despite forest cover. The ±1 m lateral and ±4 cm vertical resolution lidar allows surface morphologies to be classified. Surface morphologies are created by internal depositional processes and can point to the processes at work when pyroclastic flows come to rest. We describe nine surface features including furrow-ridge sets and wedge-shaped mounds in pumice fall eroded by high-energy pyroclastic surges, flow- parallel ridges that record the passage of multiple pyroclastic flows, perched benches of marginal deposits stranded by more-mobile pyroclastic-flow cores, hummocks of dense clasts interpreted as lag deposit, transverse ridges that mark the compression and imbrication of flows as they came to rest, scarps indicating ignimbrite remobilization, fields of pit craters caused by phreatic explosions, fractures and cracks caused by extensional processes resulting from ignimbrite volume loss, and stream channels eroded in the newly formed surface. The nine morphologies presented here illustrate a dynamic depositional environment that varied spatially and with time during the eruption, and show that multiple processes modified the ignimbrite after deposition, both during and after the eruption.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.02.012","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Bacon, C.R., Major, J.J., Wright, H.M., and Vallance, J.W., 2017, Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon- Implications for emplacement and surface modification: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 342, p. 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.02.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-065541","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.02.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.19131469726561,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -122.03887939453125,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -122.03887939453125,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -122.19131469726561,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -122.19131469726561,\n 42.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"342","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e896e4b09af898c8cb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190155,"text":"70190155 - 2017 - Seasonal trends in eDNA detection and occupancy of bigheaded carps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-14T17:39:33","indexId":"70190155","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal trends in eDNA detection and occupancy of bigheaded carps","docAbstract":"Bigheaded carps, which include silver and bighead carp, are threatening to invade the Great Lakes. These species vary seasonally in distribution and abundance due to environmental conditions such as precipitation and temperature. Monitoring this seasonal movement is important for management to control the population size and spread of the species. We examined if environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches could detect seasonal changes of these species. To do this, we developed a novel genetic marker that was able to both detect and differentiate bighead and silver carp DNA. We used the marker, combined with a novel occupancy model, to study the occurrence of bigheaded carps at 3 sites on the Wabash River over the course of a year. We studied the Wabash River because of concerns that carps may be able to use the system to invade the Great Lakes via a now closed (ca. 2017) connection at Eagle Marsh between the Wabash River's watershed and the Great Lakes' watershed. We found seasonal trends in the probability of detection and occupancy that varied across sites. These findings demonstrate that eDNA methods can detect seasonal changes in bigheaded carps densities and suggest that the amount of eDNA present changes seasonally. The site that was farthest upstream and had the lowest carp densities exhibited the strongest seasonal trends for both detection probabilities and sample occupancy probabilities. Furthermore, other observations suggest that carps seasonally leave this site, and we were able to detect this with our eDNA approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.06.003","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Merkes, C.M., Jackson, C., Goforth, R., and Amberg, J., 2017, Seasonal trends in eDNA detection and occupancy of bigheaded carps: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 4, p. 762-770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"762","endPage":"770","ipdsId":"IP-074701","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.06.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76ec2e4b08b1644ddfac8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Craig 0000-0003-4023-0276 cjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4023-0276","contributorId":192276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Craig","email":"cjackson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goforth, Reuben","contributorId":192277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goforth","given":"Reuben","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188696,"text":"sir20175063 - 2017 - Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability streamflows for streams in Kansas based on data through water year 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T18:54:30.655784","indexId":"sir20175063","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5063","title":"Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability streamflows for streams in Kansas based on data through water year 2015","docAbstract":"A study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation and the Federal Emergency Management Agency to develop regression models to estimate peak streamflows of annual exceedance probabilities of 50, 20, 10, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.2 percent at ungaged locations in Kansas. Peak streamflow frequency statistics from selected streamgages were related to contributing drainage area and average precipitation using generalized least-squares regression analysis. The peak streamflow statistics were derived from 151 streamgages with at least 25 years of streamflow data through 2015. The developed equations can be used to predict peak streamflow magnitude and frequency within two hydrologic regions that were defined based on the effects of irrigation. The equations developed in this report are applicable to streams in Kansas that are not substantially affected by regulation, surface-water diversions, or urbanization. The equations are intended for use for streams with contributing drainage areas ranging from 0.17 to 14,901 square miles in the nonirrigation effects region and, 1.02 to 3,555 square miles in the irrigation-affected region, corresponding to the range of drainage areas of the streamgages used in the development of the regional equations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation and Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Painter, C.C., Heimann, D.C., and Lanning-Rush, J.L., 2017, Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability streamflows for streams in Kansas based on data through water year 2015 (ver. 1.1, September 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5063, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175063.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 4 Tables","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087048","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345864,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063 Version History"},{"id":344871,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/sir20175063_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"47 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063 Table 5"},{"id":344870,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/sir20175063_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"23 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063 Table 4"},{"id":344868,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/sir20175063_table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"42 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063 Table 2"},{"id":344869,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/sir20175063_table3.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"60 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063 Table 3"},{"id":344698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":344699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5063/sir20175063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5063"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 14, 2017; Version 1.1: September 18, 2017","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
A superslug was deposited in a basin in the Colorado Front Range Mountains as a consequence of an extreme flood following a wildfire disturbance in 1996. The subsequent evolution of this superslug was measured by repeat topographic surveys (31 surveys from 1996 through 2014) of 18 cross sections approximately uniformly spaced over 1500 m immediately above the basin outlet. These surveys allowed the identification within the superslug of chronostratigraphic units deposited and eroded by different geomorphic processes in response to different flow regimes.
Over the time period of the study, the superslug went through aggradation, incision, and stabilization phases that were controlled by a shift in geomorphic processes from generally short-duration, episodic, large-magnitude floods that deposited new chronostratigraphic units to long-duration processes that eroded units. These phases were not contemporaneous at each channel cross section, which resulted in a complex response that preserved different chronostratigraphic units at each channel cross section having, in general, two dominant types of alluvial architecture—laminar and fragmented. Age and transit-time distributions for these two alluvial architectures evolved with time since the extreme flood. Because of the complex shape of the distributions they were best modeled by two-parameter Weibull functions. The Weibull scale parameter approximated the median age of the distributions, and the Weibull shape parameter generally had a linear relation that increased with time since the extreme flood. Additional results indicated that deposition of new chronostratigraphic units can be represented by a power-law frequency distribution, and that the erosion of units decreases with depth of burial to a limiting depth. These relations can be used to model other situations with different flow regimes where vertical aggradation and incision are dominant processes, to predict the residence time of possible contaminated sediment stored in channels or on floodplains, and to provide insight into the interpretation of recent or ancient fluvial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.012","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 2017, Residence times and alluvial architecture of a sediment superslug in response to different flow regimes: Geomorphology, v. 294, p. 40-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-081978","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"294","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59901393e4b09fa1cb17891d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190109,"text":"70190109 - 2017 - Changes in projected spatial and seasonal groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T13:16:00","indexId":"70190109","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in projected spatial and seasonal groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"The Colorado River is an important source of water in the western United States, supplying the needs of more than 38 million people in the United States and Mexico. Groundwater discharge to streams has been shown to be a critical component of streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), particularly during low-flow periods. Understanding impacts on groundwater in the basin from projected climate change will assist water managers in the region in planning for potential changes in the river and groundwater system. A previous study on changes in basin-wide groundwater recharge in the UCRB under projected climate change found substantial increases in temperature, moderate increases in precipitation, and mostly periods of stable or slight increases in simulated groundwater recharge through 2099. This study quantifies projected spatial and seasonal changes in groundwater recharge within the UCRB from recent historical (1950 to 2015) through future (2016 to 2099) time periods, using a distributed-parameter groundwater recharge model with downscaled climate data from 97 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections. Simulation results indicate that projected increases in basin-wide recharge of up to 15% are not distributed uniformly within the basin or throughout the year. Northernmost subregions within the UCRB are projected an increase in groundwater recharge, while recharge in other mainly southern subregions will decline. Seasonal changes in recharge also are projected within the UCRB, with decreases of 50% or more in summer months and increases of 50% or more in winter months for all subregions, and increases of 10% or more in spring months for many subregions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12507","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F.D., Gangopadhyay, S., and Pruitt, T., 2017, Changes in projected spatial and seasonal groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River Basin: Groundwater, v. 55, no. 4, p. 506-518, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12507.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"518","ipdsId":"IP-078645","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.64404296874999,\n 42.147114459220994\n ],\n [\n -108.74267578124999,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -110.28076171874999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -112.85156249999999,\n 38.324420427006515\n ],\n [\n -114.52148437499999,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -114.19189453124999,\n 34.50655662164561\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.96093749999997,\n 32.15701248607008\n ],\n [\n -113.90624999999999,\n 31.74685416292141\n ],\n [\n -113.29101562499999,\n 31.034108344903483\n ],\n [\n -112.41210937499999,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -110.87402343749999,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -109.24804687499997,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -107.13867187499999,\n 32.97180377635759\n ],\n [\n -106.17187499999999,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -105.95214843749999,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -106.39160156249999,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -107.64404296874999,\n 42.147114459220994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59901397e4b09fa1cb178921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom 0000-0002-3543-1324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1324","contributorId":173440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27228,"text":"Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190123,"text":"70190123 - 2017 - Effects of lateral confinement in natural and leveed reaches of a gravel-bed river: Snake River, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-16T14:23:51","indexId":"70190123","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lateral confinement in natural and leveed reaches of a gravel-bed river: Snake River, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"This study examined the effects of natural and anthropogenic changes in confining margin width by applying remote sensing techniques – fusing LiDAR topography with image-derived bathymetry – over a large spatial extent: 58 km of the Snake River, Wyoming, USA. Fused digital elevation models from 2007 and 2012 were differenced to quantify changes in the volume of stored sediment, develop morphological sediment budgets, and infer spatial gradients in bed material transport. Our study spanned two similar reaches that were subject to different controls on confining margin width: natural terraces versus artificial levees. Channel planform in reaches with similar slope and confining margin width differed depending on whether the margins were natural or anthropogenic. The effects of tributaries also differed between the two reaches. Generally, the natural reach featured greater confining margin widths and was depositional, whereas artificial lateral constriction in the leveed reach produced a sediment budget that was closer to balanced. Although our remote sensing methods provided topographic data over a large area, net volumetric changes were not statistically significant due to the uncertainty associated with bed elevation estimates. We therefore focused on along-channel spatial differences in bed material transport rather than absolute volumes of sediment. To complement indirect estimates of sediment transport derived by morphological sediment budgeting, we collected field data on bed mobility through a tracer study. Surface and subsurface grain size measurements were combined with bed mobility observations to calculate armoring and dimensionless sediment transport ratios, which indicated that sediment supply exceeded transport capacity in the natural reach and vice versa in the leveed reach. We hypothesize that constriction by levees induced an initial phase of incision and bed armoring. Because levees prevented bank erosion, the channel excavated sediment by migrating rapidly across the restricted braidplain and eroding bars and islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Society for Geomorphology","doi":"10.1002/esp.4157","usgsCitation":"Leonard, C., Legleiter, C.J., and Overstreet, B., 2017, Effects of lateral confinement in natural and leveed reaches of a gravel-bed river: Snake River, Wyoming, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 42, no. 13, p. 2119-2138, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4157.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2119","endPage":"2138","ipdsId":"IP-075980","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.58906555175781,\n 43.86720808597874\n ],\n [\n -110.61309814453125,\n 43.843936871965695\n ],\n [\n -110.61241149902344,\n 43.819665724206956\n ],\n [\n -110.65155029296875,\n 43.79042818348387\n ],\n [\n -110.70236206054688,\n 43.7492731811147\n ],\n [\n -110.72776794433592,\n 43.708586214366036\n ],\n [\n -110.73532104492186,\n 43.68277040294095\n ],\n [\n -110.73188781738281,\n 43.66042082657193\n ],\n [\n -110.71266174316406,\n 43.64054754952543\n ],\n [\n -110.68450927734375,\n 43.64452273099928\n ],\n [\n -110.6494903564453,\n 43.69419030566581\n ],\n [\n -110.60279846191405,\n 43.73488704685434\n ],\n [\n -110.54237365722656,\n 43.766135280960974\n ],\n [\n -110.49568176269531,\n 43.845917754377275\n ],\n [\n -110.50666809082031,\n 43.85879188670806\n ],\n [\n -110.5279541015625,\n 43.866713048323184\n ],\n [\n -110.58906555175781,\n 43.86720808597874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59901396e4b09fa1cb17891f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Christina","contributorId":195596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":707576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overstreet, Brandon T.","contributorId":195597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overstreet","given":"Brandon T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190134,"text":"70190134 - 2017 - Using optimal transport theory to estimate transition probabilities in metapopulation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-11T18:29:59","indexId":"70190134","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using optimal transport theory to estimate transition probabilities in metapopulation dynamics","docAbstract":"This work considers the estimation of transition probabilities associated with populations moving among multiple spatial locations based on numbers of individuals at each location at two points in time. The problem is generally underdetermined as there exists an extremely large number of ways in which individuals can move from one set of locations to another. A unique solution therefore requires a constraint. The theory of optimal transport provides such a constraint in the form of a cost function, to be minimized in expectation over the space of possible transition matrices. We demonstrate the optimal transport approach on marked bird data and compare to the probabilities obtained via maximum likelihood estimation based on marked individuals. It is shown that by choosing the squared Euclidean distance as the cost, the estimated transition probabilities compare favorably to those obtained via maximum likelihood with marked individuals. Other implications of this cost are discussed, including the ability to accurately interpolate the population's spatial distribution at unobserved points in time and the more general relationship between the cost and minimum transport energy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.003","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.M., Spendelow, J.A., and Nichols, J.D., 2017, Using optimal transport theory to estimate transition probabilities in metapopulation dynamics: Ecological Modelling, v. 359, p. 311-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"319","ipdsId":"IP-085663","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"359","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"598e903be4b09fa1cb16096e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Jonathan M.","contributorId":195603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190141,"text":"70190141 - 2017 - Dam removal: Listening in","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T16:24:39","indexId":"70190141","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dam removal: Listening in","docAbstract":"Dam removal is widely used as an approach for river restoration in the United States. The increase in dam removals—particularly large dams—and associated dam-removal studies over the last few decades motivated a working group at the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis to review and synthesize available studies of dam removals and their findings. Based on dam removals thus far, some general conclusions have emerged: (1) physical responses are typically fast, with the rate of sediment erosion largely dependent on sediment characteristics and dam-removal strategy; (2) ecological responses to dam removal differ among the affected upstream, downstream, and reservoir reaches; (3) dam removal tends to quickly reestablish connectivity, restoring the movement of material and organisms between upstream and downstream river reaches; (4) geographic context, river history, and land use significantly influence river restoration trajectories and recovery potential because they control broader physical and ecological processes and conditions; and (5) quantitative modeling capability is improving, particularly for physical and broad-scale ecological effects, and gives managers information needed to understand and predict long-term effects of dam removal on riverine ecosystems. Although these studies collectively enhance our understanding of how riverine ecosystems respond to dam removal, knowledge gaps remain because most studies have been short (< 5 years) and do not adequately represent the diversity of dam types, watershed conditions, and dam-removal methods in the U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020457","usgsCitation":"Foley, M.M., Bellmore, J., O'Connor, J., Duda, J.J., East, A., Grant, G.G., Anderson, C.W., Bountry, J.A., Collins, M.J., Connolly, P., Craig, L.S., Evans, J.E., Greene, S., Magilligan, F.J., Magirl, C.S., Major, J.J., Pess, G.R., Randle, T.J., Shafroth, P.B., Torgersen, C.E., Tullos, D.D., and Wilcox, A.C., 2017, Dam removal: Listening in: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 7, p. 5229-5246, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020457.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5229","endPage":"5246","ipdsId":"IP-083383","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John 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2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T17:27:37","indexId":"ds1031","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-10T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1031","title":"Archive of bathymetry data collected in South Florida from 1995 to 2015","docAbstract":"Land development and alterations of the ecosystem in south Florida over the past 100 years have decreased freshwater and increased nutrient flows into many of Florida's estuaries, bays, and coastal regions. As a result, there has been a decrease in the water quality in many of these critical habitats, often prompting seagrass die-offs and reduced fish and aquatic life populations. Restoration of water quality in many of these habitats will depend partly upon using numerical-circulation and sediment-transport models to establish water-quality targets and to assess progress toward reaching restoration targets. Application of these models is often complicated because of complex sea floor topography and tidal flow regimes. Consequently, accurate and modern sea-floor or bathymetry maps are critical for numerical modeling research. Modern bathymetry data sets will also permit a comparison to historical data in order to help assess sea-floor changes within these critical habitats. New and detailed data sets also support marine biology studies to help understand migratory and feeding habitats of marine life.
This data series is a compilation of 13 mapping projects conducted in south Florida between 1995 and 2015 and archives more than 45 million bathymetric soundings. Data were collected primarily with a single beam sound navigation and ranging (sonar) system called SANDS developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1993. Bathymetry data for the Estero Bay project were supplemented with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) system. Data from eight rivers in southwest Florida were collected with an interferometric swath bathymetry system. The projects represented in this data series were funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP), the USGS South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Project- formally named Placed Based Studies, and other non-Federal agencies. The purpose of the data collection for all these projects was to support one or more of the following scientific aspects: numerical model applications, sea floor change analysis, or marine habitat investigations.
This report serves as an archive of processed bathymetry sounding data, digital bathymetric contours, digital bathymetric maps, sea floor surface grids, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Refer to the Abbreviations page for explanations of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report. Since 2006, the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) assigns a unique identifier or Field Activity Number (FAN) for each field data collection. Projects described in this report conducted prior to 2006 do not have a FAN.
Data from the 13 projects presented in this report provided critical hydrographic information to support multiple science projects in south Florida. The projects and the types of sounding data collected are:
Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
MODFLOW is a popular open-source groundwater flow model distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Growing interest in surface and groundwater interactions, local refinement with nested and unstructured grids, karst groundwater flow, solute transport, and saltwater intrusion, has led to the development of numerous MODFLOW versions. Often times, there are incompatibilities between these different MODFLOW versions. The report describes a new MODFLOW framework called MODFLOW 6 that is designed to support multiple models and multiple types of models. The framework is written in Fortran using a modular object-oriented design. The primary framework components include the simulation (or main program), Timing Module, Solutions, Models, Exchanges, and Utilities. The first version of the framework focuses on numerical solutions, numerical models, and numerical exchanges. This focus on numerical models allows multiple numerical models to be tightly coupled at the matrix level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A57","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Langevin, C.D., and Banta, E.R., 2017, Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 framework: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A57, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A57.","productDescription":"Report: 42 p.; Application Site; Companion FIles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081538","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343721,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A55","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-55","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model"},{"id":343720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a57/tm6a57.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6A-57"},{"id":343722,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A56","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-56","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the \"XT3D\" Option in the Node Property Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW"},{"id":344650,"rank":5,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV","linkHelpText":"- MODFLOW 6"},{"id":343719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a57/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 57 of Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques.","contact":"Office of Groundwater
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 411
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This report describes the “XT3D” option in the Node Property Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW 6. The XT3D option extends the capabilities of MODFLOW by enabling simulation of fully three-dimensional anisotropy on regular or irregular grids in a way that properly takes into account the full, three-dimensional conductivity tensor. It can also improve the accuracy of groundwater-flow simulations in cases in which the model grid violates certain geometric requirements. Three example problems demonstrate the use of the XT3D option to simulate groundwater flow on irregular grids and through three-dimensional porous media with anisotropic hydraulic conductivity.
Conceptually, the XT3D method of estimating flow between two MODFLOW 6 model cells can be viewed in terms of three main mathematical steps: construction of head-gradient estimates by interpolation; construction of fluid-flux estimates by application of the full, three-dimensional form of Darcy’s Law, in which the conductivity tensor can be heterogeneous and anisotropic; and construction of the flow expression by enforcement of continuity of flow across the cell interface. The resulting XT3D flow expression, which relates the flow across the cell interface to the values of heads computed at neighboring nodes, is the sum of terms in which conductance-like coefficients multiply head differences, as in the conductance-based flow expression the NPF Package uses by default. However, the XT3D flow expression contains terms that involve “neighbors of neighbors” of the two cells for which the flow is being calculated. These additional terms have no analog in the conductance-based formulation. When assembled into matrix form, the XT3D formulation results in a larger stencil than the conductance-based formulation; that is, each row of the coefficient matrix generally contains more nonzero elements. The “RHS” suboption can be used to avoid expanding the stencil by placing the additional terms on the right-hand side of the matrix equation and evaluating them at the previous iteration or time step.
The XT3D option can be an alternative to the Ghost-Node Correction (GNC) Package. However, the XT3D formulation is typically more computationally intensive than the conductance-based formulation the NPF Package uses by default, either with or without ghost nodes. Before deciding whether to use the GNC Package or XT3D option for production runs, the user should consider whether the conductance-based formulation alone can provide acceptable accuracy for the particular problem being solved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A56","usgsCitation":"Provost, A.M., Langevin, C.D., and Hughes, J.D., 2017, Documentation for the “XT3D” option in the Node\nProperty Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW 6: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A56, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A56.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081540","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a56/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343663,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A55","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-55","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model"},{"id":343664,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A57","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-57","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Framework "},{"id":344649,"rank":5,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV","linkHelpText":"- MODFLOW 6"},{"id":343662,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a56/tm6a56.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 56 of Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques.","contact":"Office of Groundwater
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 411
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This report documents the Groundwater Flow (GWF) Model for a new version of MODFLOW called MODFLOW 6. The GWF Model for MODFLOW 6 is based on a generalized control-volume finite-difference approach in which a cell can be hydraulically connected to any number of surrounding cells. Users can define the model grid using one of three discretization packages, including (1) a structured discretization package for defining regular MODFLOW grids consisting of layers, rows, and columns, (2) a discretization by vertices package for defining layered unstructured grids consisting of layers and cells, and (3) a general unstructured discretization package for defining flexible grids comprised of cells and their connection properties. For layered grids, a new capability is available for removing thin cells and vertically connecting cells overlying and underlying the thin cells. For complex problems involving water-table conditions, an optional Newton-Raphson formulation, based on the formulations in MODFLOW-NWT and MODFLOW-USG, can be activated. Use of the Newton-Raphson formulation will often improve model convergence and allow solutions to be obtained for difficult problems that cannot be solved using the traditional wetting and drying approach. The GWF Model is divided into “packages,” as was done in previous MODFLOW versions. A package is the part of the model that deals with a single aspect of simulation. Packages included with the GWF Model include those related to internal calculations of groundwater flow (discretization, initial conditions, hydraulic conductance, and storage), stress packages (constant heads, wells, recharge, rivers, general head boundaries, drains, and evapotranspiration), and advanced stress packages (streamflow routing, lakes, multi-aquifer wells, and unsaturated zone flow). An additional package is also available for moving water available in one package into the individual features of the advanced stress packages. The GWF Model also has packages for obtaining and controlling output from the model. This report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the GWF Model and its packages are based.
Like its predecessors, MODFLOW 6 is based on a highly modular structure; however, this structure has been extended into an object-oriented framework. The framework includes a robust and generalized numerical solution object, which can be used to solve many different types of models. The numerical solution object has several different matrix preconditioning options as well as several methods for solving the linear system of equations. In this new framework, the GWF Model itself is an object as are each of the GWF Model packages. A benefit of the object-oriented structure is that multiple objects of the same type can be used in a single simulation. Thus, a single forward run with MODFLOW 6 may contain multiple GWF Models. GWF Models can be hydraulically connected using GWF-GWF Exchange objects. Connecting GWF models in different ways permits the user to utilize a local grid refinement strategy consisting of parent and child models or to couple adjacent GWF Models. An advantage of the approach implemented in MODFLOW 6 is that multiple models and their exchanges can be incorporated into a single numerical solution object. With this design, models can be tightly coupled at the matrix level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A55","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program ","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Hughes, J.D., Banta, E.R., Niswonger, R.G., Panday, Sorab, and Provost, A.M., 2017, Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A55, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A55. ","productDescription":"Report: 197 p.; Application Site; Companion Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-078755","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A56","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-56","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the \"XT3D\" Option in the Node Property Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW "},{"id":343647,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A57","text":"Techniques and Methods 6A-57","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Framework"},{"id":343639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a55/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a55/tm6a55.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6A-55"},{"id":344648,"rank":5,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV","linkHelpText":"- MODFLOW 6"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 55 of Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling techniques.","contact":"Office of Groundwater
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 411
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Population ecologists have long recognized the importance of ecological scale in understanding processes that guide observed demographic patterns for wildlife species. However, directly incorporating spatial and temporal scale into monitoring strategies that detect whether trajectories are driven by local or regional factors is challenging and rarely implemented. Identifying the appropriate scale is critical to the development of management actions that can attenuate or reverse population declines. We describe a novel example of a monitoring framework for estimating annual rates of population change for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) within a hierarchical and spatially nested structure. Specifically, we conducted Bayesian analyses on a 17-year dataset (2000–2016) of lek counts in Nevada and northeastern California to estimate annual rates of population change, and compared trends across nested spatial scales. We identified leks and larger scale populations in immediate need of management, based on the occurrence of two criteria: (1) crossing of a destabilizing threshold designed to identify significant rates of population decline at a particular nested scale; and (2) crossing of decoupling thresholds designed to identify rates of population decline at smaller scales that decouple from rates of population change at a larger spatial scale. This approach establishes how declines affected by local disturbances can be separated from those operating at larger scales (for example, broad-scale wildfire and region-wide drought). Given the threshold output from our analysis, this adaptive management framework can be implemented readily and annually to facilitate responsive and effective actions for sage-grouse populations in the Great Basin. The rules of the framework can also be modified to identify populations responding positively to management action or demonstrating strong resilience to disturbance. Similar hierarchical approaches might be beneficial for other species occupying landscapes with heterogeneous disturbance and climatic regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Prochazka, B.G., Ricca, M.A., Wann, G.T., Aldridge, C.L., Hanser, S.E., Doherty, K.E., O’Donnell, M.S., Edmunds, D.R., and, Espinosa, S.P., 2017, Hierarchical population monitoring of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Nevada and California—Identifying populations for management at the appropriate spatial scale: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1089, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171089.","productDescription":"viii, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087898","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344634,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1089/ofr20171089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1089"},{"id":344633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1089/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
To address a paucity of Common Era data in the Gulf of Mexico, we reconstructed ~ 1.1 m of relative sea-level (RSL) rise over the past ~ 2000 years at Little Manatee River (Gulf Coast of Florida, USA). We applied a regional-scale foraminiferal transfer function to fossil assemblages preserved in a core of salt-marsh peat and organic silt that was dated using radiocarbon and recognition of pollution, 137Cs and pollen chronohorizons. Our proxy reconstruction was combined with tide-gauge data from four nearby sites spanning 1913–2014 CE. Application of an Errors-in-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV-IGP) model to the combined proxy and instrumental dataset demonstrates that RSL fell from ~ 350 to 100 BCE, before rising continuously to present. This initial RSL fall was likely the result of local-scale processes (e.g., silting up of a tidal flat or shallow sub-tidal shoal) as salt-marsh development at the site began. Since ~ 0 CE, we consider the reconstruction to be representative of regional-scale RSL trends. We removed a linear rate of 0.3 mm/yr from the RSL record using the EIV-IGP model to estimate climate-driven sea-level trends and to facilitate comparison among sites. This analysis demonstrates that since ~ 0 CE sea level did not deviate significantly from zero until accelerating continuously from ~ 1500 CE to present. Sea level was rising at 1.33 mm/yr in 1900 CE and accelerated until 2014 CE when a rate of 2.02 mm/yr was attained, which is the fastest, century-scale trend in the ~ 2000-year record. Comparison to existing reconstructions from the Gulf coast of Louisiana and the Atlantic coast of northern Florida reveal similar sea-level histories at all three sites. We explored the influence of compaction and fluvial processes on our reconstruction and concluded that compaction was likely insignificant. Fluvial processes were also likely insignificant, but further proxy evidence is needed to fully test this hypothesis. Our results indicate that no significant Common Era sea-level changes took place on the Gulf and southeastern Atlantic U.S. coasts until the onset of modern sea-level rise in the late 19th century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.001","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, M.J., Engelhart, S.E., Kemp, A.C., Moyer, R.P., Smoak, J.M., Bernhardt, C.E., and Cahill, N., 2017, Reconstructing Common Era relative sea-level change on the Gulf Coast of Florida: Marine Geology, v. 390, p. 254-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"269","ipdsId":"IP-082795","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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