Galenas from the major Creede veins and their northern extensions are remarkably homogeneous in Pb-isotopic composition and are too radiogenic to have been derived from any magma comparable in composition to the principal volcanic rocks. This pattern was identified by Doe et al. in 1979 who proposed that the lead was derived from the Precambrian basement. The homogeneity of the ore leads, however, requires a uniform reservoir; an unlikely prospect for lead from the Precambrian basement. We report on 16 new analyses of geographically and paragenetically dispersed galenas from the Creede district and other areas as far as 11 km to the north. The lead values range from 18.972 to 19.060 for 206Pb/204Pb, from 15.591 to 15.671 for 207Pb/204Pb, and from 37.781 to 37.921 for 208Pb/204Pb. These ranges overlap those previously reported for the main ore zone.
\nRecent work allows us to extend the results of Doe et al. and to consider alternative processes to explain the widespread homogeneity and radiogenic nature of the ore lead: 1) David Matty (pers. commun., 1986) has shown that some minor volcanic units in the area have unusually radiogneic lead values; magmas comparable in composition to the units are a possible, though improbable, source of the ore lead. 2) The uniformity of the isotopic values of galenas may have resulted from homogenization during an extensive potassium-metasomatic event that predated the ores; this possibility is being tested in an on-going study of feldspars from metasomatized and unmetasomatized rocks. 3) Recent regional studies suggest the possibility of a prevolcanic, NNW-trending graben system filled by clastic sediments derived from the Precambrian basement, a process that would have an homogenizing effect on the lead isotopes. This interpretation implies importation, deep within the Creede hydrologic system, of fluids from remote sources. These alternatives show that the Pbisotope systematics may have a profound impact on the interpretation of the Creede hydrothermal system, and that further study is warranted.
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Steven; Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the Geological Society of America, May 2, 1987, Boulder, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-510, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88510.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":40159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0510/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":145805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0510/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5943603515625,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -108.5943603515625,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -106.116943359375,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -106.116943359375,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -108.5943603515625,\n 37.00693943418586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4822e4b07f02db4e1f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, N.K.","contributorId":10801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, P.B.","contributorId":78751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bethke, P. 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R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":41837,"text":"ofr88505 - 1988 - Aeromagnetic map of part of the Middleton Island Quadrangle and vicinity, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:02","indexId":"ofr88505","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-505","title":"Aeromagnetic map of part of the Middleton Island Quadrangle and vicinity, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88505","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Aeromagnetic map of part of the Middleton Island Quadrangle and vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-505, 1 map :photocopy ;71 x 103 cm., on sheet 93 x 130 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88505.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;71 x 103 cm., on sheet 93 x 130 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79559,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0505/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69795a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33493,"text":"b1702A - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Table Top mountain Wilderness Study Area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:34","indexId":"b1702A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1702","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of the Table Top mountain Wilderness Study Area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1702A","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.A., Nowlan, G., Hanna, W.F., Pitkin, J.A., and McDonell, J., 1988, Mineral resources of the Table Top mountain Wilderness Study Area, Maricopa and Pinal counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1702, v, A18 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1702A.","productDescription":"v, A18 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247408,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1702a/report.pdf","size":"4537","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1702a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a02d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jocelyn A.","contributorId":13954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitkin, J. A.","contributorId":85194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonell, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":52247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonell","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":34267,"text":"b1773 - 1988 - Stratigraphy of Mid-Cretaceous Blackleaf and lower part of the Frontier formations in parts of Beaverhead and Madison counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:41","indexId":"b1773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1773","title":"Stratigraphy of Mid-Cretaceous Blackleaf and lower part of the Frontier formations in parts of Beaverhead and Madison counties, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1773","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., and Nichols, D.J., 1988, Stratigraphy of Mid-Cretaceous Blackleaf and lower part of the Frontier formations in parts of Beaverhead and Madison counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1773, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1773.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1773/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62172,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1773/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, D. 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Groundwater quality beneath the lagoons was compared with the groundwater quality beneath a landfill where sludge had been applied. The lagoons and landfills overlie outwash sand and gravel deposits separated by discontinuous clay layers. Shallow groundwater flows away from the lagoons and discharges into the White River. Deep groundwater discharges to the White River and flows southwest beneath Eagle Creek. After an accumulation of at least 2 inches of precipitation during 1 week, groundwater flow is temporarily reversed in the shallow aquifer, and all deep flow is along a relatively steep hydraulic gradient to the southwest. The groundwater is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type, although ammonium accounts for more than 30% of the total cations in water from three wells. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfate, iron, arsenic, boron, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and methylene-blue-active substances indicate the presence of leachate in the groundwater. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc were less than detection limits. The concentrations of 16 of 19 constituents or properties of groundwater beneath the lagoons are statistically different than groundwater beneath the landfill at the 0.05 level of significance. Only pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and bromide are higher in groundwater beneath the landfill than beneath the lagoons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884175","usgsCitation":"Bobay, K., 1988, Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4175, vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884175.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bobay, K.E.","contributorId":22805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobay","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33392,"text":"b1740C - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Home Creek Wilderness Study Area, Harney County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:24","indexId":"b1740C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1740","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resources of the Home Creek Wilderness Study Area, Harney County, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1740C","usgsCitation":"Vander Meulen, D.B., Griscom, A., King, H.D., Vercoutere, T., and Moyle, P.R., 1988, Mineral resources of the Home Creek Wilderness Study Area, Harney County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1740, v, C12 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1740C.","productDescription":"v, C12 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1740c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1740c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vander Meulen, Dean B.","contributorId":79483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Meulen","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, H. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp990","usgsCitation":"Goter, S., 1988, Map showing global distribution of first-motion focal mechanisms, 1981-1985: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 990, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 41.07 × 26.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp990.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 41.07 × 26.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6339.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":249792,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0990/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":249791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0990/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0990/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"40000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6846f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goter, S.K.","contributorId":70856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goter","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35618,"text":"b1733C - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Rio Chama Wilderness Study Area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:32","indexId":"b1733C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1733","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resources of the Rio Chama Wilderness Study Area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1733C","usgsCitation":"Ridgley, J.L., Long, C.L., and Schreiner, R.A., 1988, Mineral resources of the Rio Chama Wilderness Study Area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1733, v, C12 :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1733C.","productDescription":"v, C12 :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1733c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63503,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1733c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":214953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Carl L.","contributorId":32128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, Russell A.","contributorId":62660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33441,"text":"b1746D - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Red Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:34","indexId":"b1746D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1746","chapter":"D","title":"Mineral resources of the Red Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1746D","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., Jones, J.L., Kilburn, J., Blank, H.R., Wood, R., and Cook, K.L., 1988, Mineral resources of the Red Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1746, v, p. D1-D13, ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1746D.","productDescription":"v, p. D1-D13, ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109748,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21739"},{"id":167534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61322,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, B. B.","contributorId":46092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blank, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":94674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, R. H.","contributorId":31722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"R. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, K. L.","contributorId":34567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":35602,"text":"b1853 - 1988 - The microtine rodents of the Cheetah Room fauna, Hamilton Cave, West Virginia, and the spontaneous origin of Synaptomys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:43","indexId":"b1853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1853","title":"The microtine rodents of the Cheetah Room fauna, Hamilton Cave, West Virginia, and the spontaneous origin of Synaptomys","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1853","usgsCitation":"Repenning, C.A., and Grady, F., 1988, The microtine rodents of the Cheetah Room fauna, Hamilton Cave, West Virginia, and the spontaneous origin of Synaptomys: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1853, iv, 32 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1853.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1853/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63490,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1853/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repenning, Charles Albert","contributorId":106883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repenning","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grady, Frederick","contributorId":24832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38436,"text":"pp1404C - 1988 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10306,"text":"ofr84728 - 1984 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","indexId":"ofr84728","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38436,"text":"pp1404C - 1988 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","indexId":"pp1404C","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T19:12:46.556498","indexId":"pp1404C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","docAbstract":"This report defines the hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain and is a product of a comprehensive regional study to define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system extending from North Carolina to Long Island, New York.
The Virginia Coastal Plain consists of an eastward-thickening wedge of generally unconsolidated, interbedded sands and clays, ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Holocene. These sediments range in thickness from more than 6,000 feet beneath the northeastern part of the Eastern Shore Peninsula to nearly 0 feet along the Fall Line. Eight confined aquifers, eight confining units, and an uppermost water table aquifer are delineated as the hydrogeologic framework of the Coastal Plain sediments in Virginia. The nine regional aquifers, from oldest to youngest, are lower, middle, and upper Potomac, Brightseat, Aquia, Chickahominy-Piney Point, St. Marys-Choptank, Yorktown-Eastover, and Columbia. The Brightseat is a newly identified and correlated aquifer of early Paleoceneage. This study is one of other, similar studies of the Coastal Plain areas in North Carolina, Maryland-Delaware, New Jersey, and Long Island, New York. These combined studies provide a system of hydrogeologic units that can be identified and correlated throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Data for this study were collected and analyzed from October 1979 to May 1983. The nine aquifers and eight confining units are identified and delineated by use of geophysical logs, drillers' information, and stratigraphic and paleontologic data. By correlating geophysical logs with hydrologic, stratigraphic, and paleontologic data throughout the Coastal Plain, a comprehensive multilayered framework of aquifers and confining units, each with distinct lithologic properties, was developed. Cross sections show the stratigraphic relationships of aquifers and confining units in the hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Maps show confining-unit thicknesses and altitudes of aquifer tops, provide the basis for assigning aquifers to screened intervals of observation and production wells, and are used for the development of a comprehensive observation-well network in the Virginia Coastal Plain.
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