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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc80d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prugh, B.J.","contributorId":88811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Easton, F.J.","contributorId":61096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26239,"text":"wri874239 - 1988 - A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T12:35:25","indexId":"wri874239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4239","title":"A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","docAbstract":"Present Mount Shasta, California, area hydrologic characteristics were documented to compare future changes due to land use or volcanic activity. Lower flanks of Mount Shasta consist of broad aprons of pyroclastic-flow, debris flow, and fluvial deposits, with incised channels on upper parts of the mountain. Data include glacial areas and volumes, streamflow, sediment concentrations, temperature, and water chemistry of groundwater and springs. Many springs issue from fractures in lava and lava tubes around Mount Shasta and serve as sources of water for nearby towns. Groundwater levels fluctuate as much as 27 ft. Water sampled from wells meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Streamflow is affected by snowfield and glacial melt and precipitation, with some streams showing diurnal variations related to daily air temperature changes. Only four streams have sufficient streamflow to travel more than about 6 mi from the summit; differences in low flows are attributed to groundwater stored in materials that compose the mountain and alluvial fans and the rain shadow effect on precipitation in northwest areas of the mountain. Most streamflow is ephemeral and percolates into channel beds on alluvial fans. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874239","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., Poeschel, K., and Thornton, J., 1988, A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4239, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874239.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55039,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeschel, K.R.","contributorId":98715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeschel","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornton, J.L.","contributorId":41460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25386,"text":"wri854127 - 1988 - Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri854127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4127","title":"Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","docAbstract":"The northern divide of the Susquehanna River basin crosses 29 broad valleys that contain thick glacial deposits but are drained only by small headwater streams. Much groundwater could be withdrawn from sand and gravel deposits in these valleys with little immediate effect on streamflow. A digital model of the headwater reach of one typical valley suggests that pumping 10.8 million gal/day for 2 months every summer would lower the water table as much as 33 ft, cause the upper 1,900 ft of the stream draining the valley to go dry, and reduce streamflow downvalley by 1.2 million gal/day by the time pumping ceased. Saturated thickness of surficial sand and gravel exceeds 40 ft in about half the headwater valley reaches; the valley floor areas range from 0.2 to 9 sq mi. Seepage losses from small streams that carry runoff from adjacent till-covered uplands are a major source of recharge to aquifers in these valleys under natural conditions and would increase if the water table were lowered by seasonal withdrawals. Some aquifers beneath extensive clay layers in these and other valleys of the Susquehanna River basin may be partially independent of streams but not easily evaluated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854127","usgsCitation":"Randall, A., Snavely, D.S., Holecek, T., and Waller, R., 1988, Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4127, v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854127.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holecek, T.P.","contributorId":76358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holecek","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, R.M.","contributorId":13659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25422,"text":"wri884153 - 1988 - A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:28:14","indexId":"wri884153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4153","title":"A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines","docAbstract":"The program named PHRQPITZ is a computer code capable of making geochemical calculations in brines and other electrolyte solutions to high concentrations using the Pitzer virial-coefficient approach for activity-coefficient corrections. Reaction-modeling capabilities include calculation of (1) aqueous speciation and mineral-saturation index, (2) mineral solubility, (3) mixing and titration of aqueous solutions, (4) irreversible reactions and mineral water mass transfer, and (5) reaction path. The computed results for each aqueous solution include the osmotic coefficient, water activity , mineral saturation indices, mean activity coefficients, total activity coefficients, and scale-dependent values of pH, individual-ion activities and individual-ion activity coeffients , and scale-dependent values of pH, individual-ion activities and individual-ion activity coefficients. A data base of Pitzer interaction parameters is provided at 25 C for the system: Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O, and extended to include largely untested literature data for Fe(II), Mn(II), Sr, Ba, Li, and Br with provision for calculations at temperatures other than 25C. An extensive literature review of published Pitzer interaction parameters for many inorganic salts is given. Also described is an interactive input code for PHRQPITZ called PITZINPT. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884153","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Parkhurst, D., Fleming, G., and Dunkle, S., 1988, A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4153, vi, 310 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884153.","productDescription":"vi, 310 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54141,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db54601a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, G.W.","contributorId":81937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunkle, S.A.","contributorId":11248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunkle","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26324,"text":"wri884070 - 1988 - Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri884070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4070","title":"Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","docAbstract":"Differing capacities of plant species to tolerate drought and salinity are causative factors for presence of species and communities in various habitats. It is proposed that minimum xylem pressure potentials measured are indicative of drought tolerance and that minimum cell osmotic potentials are indicative of salt tolerance of plant species. Of 85 species measured, Nuttall saltbush (Atriplex nuttallii nuttallii) was found to be the most drought tolerant. Saltbrush (Atriplex confertifolia, A. nuttallii, A. canescens, and A. torreyi) had the lowest cell osmotic potentials measured. Although pickleweed (Allenrolfea occidentalis) grows in the saltiest soil measured, it did not have the lowest cell osmotic potential. This apparent inconsistency may be explained by the succulent characteristics of pickleweed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884070","usgsCitation":"Branson, F.A., Miller, R.F., and Sorenson, S.K., 1988, Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4070, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884070.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branson, Farrel Allen","contributorId":53823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branson","given":"Farrel","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Reuben Fred","contributorId":75967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14775,"text":"ofr86532 - 1987 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"ofr86532","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"wsp2336A","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T11:55:09","indexId":"wsp2336A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2336","chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","docAbstract":"The Edwards aquifer is a complexly faulted, carbonate aquifer lying within the Balcones fault zone of south-central Texas. The aquifer consists of thin- to massive-bedded limestone and dolomite, most of which is in the form of mudstones and wackestones. Well-developed secondary porosity has formed in association with former erosional surfaces within the carbonate rocks, within dolomitized-burrowed tidal and evaporitic deposits, and along inclined fractures to produce an aquifer with transmissivities greater than 100 ft2/s. The aquifer is recharged mainly by streamflow losses in the outcrop area of the Edwards aquifer and is discharged by major springs located at considerable distances, as much as 150 mi, from the areas of recharge and by wells. Ground-water flow within the Edwards aquifer of the San Antonio region was simulated to investigate concepts relating to the storage and flow characteristics. The concepts of major interest were the effects of barrier faults on flow direction, water levels, springflow, and storage within the aquifer. A general-purpose, finite-difference model, modified to provide the capability of representing barrier faults, was used to simulate ground-water flow and storage in the aquifer. The approach in model development was to conduct a series of simulations beginning with a simple representation of the aquifer framework and then proceeding to subsequent representations of increasing complexity. The simulations investigated the effects of complex geologic structures and of significant changes in transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient. Initial values of transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient were estimated based on concepts developed in previous studies. Results of the simulations confirmed the original estimates of transmissivity values (greater than 100 square feet/s) in the confined zone of the aquifer between San Antonio and Comal Springs. A storage coefficient of 0.05 in the unconfined zone of the aquifer produced the best simulation of water levels and springflow. A major interpretation resulting from the simulations is that two essentially independent areas of regional flow were identified in the west and central part of the study area. Flows from the two areas converge at Comal Springs. The directions of computed flux vectors reflected the presence of major barrier faults, which locally deflect patterns of ground-water movement. The most noticeable deflection is the convergence of flow through a geologic structural opening, the Knippa gap, in eastern Uvalde County. A second significant interpretation is that ground-water flow in northeastern Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties is diverted by barrier faults toward San Marcos Springs, a regional discharge point. Simulations showed that several barrier faults in the northwestern part of the San Antonio area had a significant effect on storage, water levels, and springflow within the Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2336A","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., and Land, L.F., 1988, Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2336, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2336A.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, Robert W.","contributorId":13210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26355,"text":"wri874219 - 1988 - Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri874219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4219","title":"Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","docAbstract":"External quality assurance monitoring of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and National Trends Network (NTN) was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1985. The monitoring consisted of three primary programs: (1) an intersite comparison program designed to assess the precision and accuracy of onsite pH and specific conductance measurements made by NADP and NTN site operators; (2) a blind audit sample program designed to assess the effect of routine field handling on the precision and bias of NADP and NTN wet deposition data; and (3) an interlaboratory comparison program designed to compare analytical data from the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples with data produced by other laboratories routinely analyzing wet deposition samples and to provide estimates of individual laboratory precision. An average of 94% of the site operators participated in the four voluntary intersite comparisons during 1985. A larger percentage of participating site operators met the accuracy goal for specific conductance measurements (average, 87%) than for pH measurements (average, 67%). Overall precision was dependent on the actual specific conductance of the test solution and independent of the pH of the test solution. Data for the blind audit sample program indicated slight positive biases resulting from routine field handling for all analytes except specific conductance. These biases were not large enough to be significant for most data users. Data for the blind audit sample program also indicated that decreases in hydrogen ion concentration were accompanied by decreases in specific conductance. Precision estimates derived from the blind audit sample program indicate that the major source of uncertainty in wet deposition data is the routine field handling that each wet deposition sample receives. Results of the interlaboratory comparison program were similar to results of previous years ' evaluations, indicating that the participating laboratories produced comparable data when they analyzed identical wet deposition samples, and that the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples achieved the best analyte precision of the participating laboratories. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874219","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Willoughby, T.C., 1988, Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4219, iii, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874219.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, T. C.","contributorId":31791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26372,"text":"wri884000 - 1988 - Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri884000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4000","title":"Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","docAbstract":"The N Aquifer is the main source of water in the 5,400 sq mi Black Mesa area in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations in northeastern Arizona. Water in the aquifer is under confined conditions in the central 3,300 sq mi of the area. Maximum saturated thickness is about 1,050 ft. Annual groundwater withdrawals from 1972 through 1986 averaged 5,480 acre-ft and included 3,820 acre-ft used to operate a coal mine on Black Mesa. As a result, water levels have declined in a large part of the aquifer. The coal company has applied for a permanent permit under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. An existing mathematical model of the aquifer in the Black Mesa area was converted to a newer model program and recalibrated by using revised estimates of selected aquifer parameters and a finer spatial grid. The model was used to simulate four groundwater withdrawal alternatives that combined the existing and proposed mining plans with projected constant or increasing pumpage for nearby communities. A fifth alternative combined increasing community pumpage with no mine withdrawals and was used as a basis for comparison. Simulated water levels for the year 2031 in the coal-lease area are projected to be 60 ft lower than in 1985 for the proposed mining plan combined with growing community pumpage and > 100 ft lower than predevelopment water levels over an area of 1,660 sq mi. Groundwater would rise to within 100 ft of predevelopment levels < 10 yr after mine withdrawals cease. Withdrawals at the mine were a minor factor in determining simulated water levels at most communities in the study area. Water levels at Tuba City were not affected by mine pumpage in any projection. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884000","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Eychaner, J., 1988, Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4000, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884000.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eychaner, J.H.","contributorId":34511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25706,"text":"wri884115 - 1988 - Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-09T17:40:24.076318","indexId":"wri884115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4115","title":"Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri884115","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Miller, C., Smith, R., Baron, J., and Spaulding, S.A., 1988, Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4115, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884115.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40553,"text":"WMA - Office of the Chief Operating Officer","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6745719909668,\n 40.282144825334825\n ],\n [\n -105.63457489013672,\n 40.282144825334825\n ],\n [\n -105.63457489013672,\n 40.309247135103334\n ],\n [\n -105.6745719909668,\n 40.309247135103334\n ],\n [\n -105.6745719909668,\n 40.282144825334825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68591d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":194739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Christine","contributorId":21582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25959,"text":"wri874087 - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri874087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4087","title":"Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874087","usgsCitation":"Arcement, G., 1988, Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4087, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874087.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arcement, G.J. Jr.","contributorId":16457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"G.J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1663,"text":"wsp2284 - 1988 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9106,"text":"ofr84748 - 1985 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","indexId":"ofr84748","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1663,"text":"wsp2284 - 1988 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","indexId":"wsp2284","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T09:23:06","indexId":"wsp2284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2284","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"Ground water in the 3,458-square-mile lower Susquehanna River basin occupies secondary openings in bedrock. The distribution of openings is a function of lithology, depth, and topography. Local flow systems account for most of the total ground-water flow. Average annual recharge for the lower basin is 1,857 million gallons per day, most of which discharges to streams. The water table is a subdued replica of land surface; its depth varies with topography but is generally 20 to 70 feet below land surface. Ground water circulates to depths of 500 to 600 feet below the water table. \r\n\r\nA digital model of regional, unconfined groundwater flow was developed and used to evaluate the ground-water resources of the lower basin. On the basis of lithologic and hydrologic differences, the area was subdivided into 21 hydrogeologic units, each with different hydrologic characteristics. Each unit was divided into two layers to take into account decreasing secondary permeability with depth. A finite-difference grid with square blocks approximately 1 mile on a side was used. The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. In the steady-state calibration, the model-generated results were compared with estimated water-table altitudes and estimated base flows. In the transient calibration, the model-generated results were compared with observed changes in water-table altitude from November 1, 1980, through April 22, 1981. \r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity increases from hilltops to Valley bottoms. The average hydraulic conductivity for carbonate units is about 21 feet per day, which is an order of magnitude greater than the corresponding averages for Paleozoic sedimentary, Triassic sedimentary, and crystalline units. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest average hydraulic conductivity-about 174 feet per day in valley bottoms. The average gaining-stream leakage coefficient for all carbonate units is about 16 feet per day, which is two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding averages for the other lithologies. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest gaining-stream leakage coefficient--about 43 feet per day. The specific yields are 0.035, 0.020, 0.020, and 0.007 for the carbonate, Paleozoic sedimentary, crystalline, and Triassic sedimentary units, respectively. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of a ground-water withdrawal of 1 inch per year on water-table altitudes and average annual base flows in the modeled area. The overall effect is least for the carbonate units and greatest for the Triassic sedimentary units. The model also was used to simulate a standardized potential yield for each unit by assuming that the maximum acceptable consequence of a hypothetical withdrawal scheme is an ultimate 50-percent reduction in average annual base flow. Based on this, the potential yield for the modeled area is 891 million gallons per day. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest potential yield--0.47 million gallons per day per square mile. The carbonate units have the greatest average potential yield, followed by the Paleozoic sedimentary, crystalline, and Triassic sedimentary units. About 90 percent of the eventual decline in water-table altitudes and the eventual reduction in average annual base flows occurs within 5 years of the implementation of the hypothetical withdrawal scheme. Nearly all of the ground water withdrawn is derived from reduced discharge to streams. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model can be used to estimate the impacts of ground-water development schemes on regional ground-water levels and base flows of streams, it cannot be used to simulate local cones of depression or local base-flow changes. The reliability of the model is a function of its approximation of the physical characteristics of the ground-water flow system, the two calibrations, various simplifying assumptions, and the lack of calibration under ground-water withdrawal conditions, it ca","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2284","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., and Lazorchick, G.J., 1988, Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2284, vi, 128 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2284.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26735,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26736,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazorchick, George J.","contributorId":18743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchick","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26019,"text":"wri884010 - 1988 - Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:10:40","indexId":"wri884010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4010","title":"Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Bear Creek Valley, Tennessee contains hazardous waste disposal sites where contaminants leach into ground and surface water. Groundwater flow and the potential migration of contaminants is poorly understood. The Valley is underlain by calcareous shale that contains limestone units. Ridges to the north and south are underlain by interbedded sandstones, siltstone and shale, and by massive, siliceous dolomite, respectively. The bedrock, which dips about 45 degrees southeast, is overlain by regolith to a maximum thickness of 80 ft. Observed hydraulic conductivities for the regolith range from 0.01 to 13 ft/day, and for the bedrock, from 0.001 to 11 ft/day. Groundwater flow is probably toward streams and is preferential along strike because of an areal anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity. A cross sectional groundwater flow model was used to test the conceptualized flow system and to help identify areas where additional data are needed. The preliminary model shows a pattern of recharge at both ridges, flow toward the valley, and upward flow that discharges into Bear Creek. Final model values of hydraulic conductivity in the bedrock range from 0.01 to 0.1 ft/day and reflect an areal anisotropy ratio of 1:5. Simulated recharge was 10 inches/year. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1988, Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4010, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884010.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri884010.jpg"},{"id":310320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4010/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26020,"text":"wri884068 - 1988 - Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:45:23.481276","indexId":"wri884068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4068","title":"Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Twenty-four wells were constructed at nine sites at Bear Creek Valley to provide geologic and hydrologic information. Lithologic samples and suits of geophysical logs were obtained from the deepest boreholes at six of the sites. Two of these boreholes at the base of Chestnut Ridge were completed in the Maynardville Limestone and two were completed in the Nolichucky Shale. Two boreholes along Pine Ridge were completed in the Rome Formation. Zones of similar lithology within a borehole were delineated from rock cutting refined by examination of geophysical logs. The contact between the Maynardville Limestone and Nolichucky Shale was identified in two of the boreholes. Fractures and cavities were readily identifiable on the acoustic-televiewer and caliper logs. Distinct water-bearing intervals were also identified from the temperature, fluid resistance, and resistivity logs. Depths at which the drilling encounterd a thrust were identified in two boreholes in the Rome Formation from both rock cutting and geophysical logs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884068","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., and Hanchar, D., 1988, Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4068, Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884068.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411208,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54798,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54797,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54796,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54795,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54794,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54793,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Oak Ridge","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.2075,\n 36.0111\n ],\n [\n -84.3983,\n 36.0111\n ],\n [\n -84.3983,\n 35.8958\n ],\n [\n -84.2075,\n 35.8958\n ],\n [\n -84.2075,\n 36.0111\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. 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W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26025,"text":"wri884019 - 1988 - Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri884019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4019","title":"Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884019","usgsCitation":"Baker, N., 1988, Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4019, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884019.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, N.T.","contributorId":32519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57526,"text":"wdrAZ861 - 1988 - Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:31:56.911943","indexId":"wdrAZ861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AZ-86-1","title":"Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1986","docAbstract":"Water discharge data for the 1986 water year for Arizona consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of observation wells; and quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 171 gaging stations, annual peaks for 21 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge measurements at 11 miscellaneous sites; contents only records for 9 lakes and reservoirs; stage and contents for 1 lake; elevation only for 1 streamflow station; 22 supplementary records, included with gaging-station records, consisting of monthend or monthly stage, contents, and evaporation of lakes and reservoirs, diversions, and return flows; water-quality records for 33 continuous-record stations and 8 miscellaneous sites; water levels for 88 observation wells; and water-quality data for water from 345 wells. The data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal and State Agencies in Arizona.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAZ861","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.P., and Garrett, W.B., 1988, Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AZ-86-1, xii, 341 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAZ861.","productDescription":"xii, 341 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413820,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/az-86-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184321,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/az-86-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd1af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Richard P.","contributorId":96655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, W. B.","contributorId":23963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","indexId":"ofr8892","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T16:40:19.784807","indexId":"ofr8892","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-92","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","docAbstract":"In Owens Valley, evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the largest components of outflow in the hydrologic budget and the least understood. ET estimates for December 1983 through October 1985 were made for seven representative locations selected on the basis of geohydrology and the characteristics of phreatophytic alkaline scrub and meadow communities. The Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods were used to estimate ET. The results of the analyses appear satisfactory when compared to other estimates of ET. Results by the eddy-correlation method are for a direct and a residual latent-heat flux that is based on sensible-heat flux and energy budget measurements. Penman-combination potential ET estimates were determined to be unusable because they overestimated actual ET. Modification in the psychrometer constant of this method to account for differences between heat-diffusion resistance and vapor-diffusion resistance permitted actual ET to be estimated. The methods may be used for studies in similar semiarid and arid rangeland areas in the Western United States. Meteorological data for three field sites are included in the appendix. Simple linear regression analysis indicates that ET estimates are correlated to air temperature, vapor-density deficit, and net radiation. Estimates of annual ET range from 300 mm at a low-density scrub site to 1,100 mm at a high-density meadow site. The monthly percentage of annual ET was determined to be similar for all sites studied.
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