{"pageNumber":"4231","pageRowStart":"105750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":11935,"text":"ofr88256A - 1988 - Analytical results and sample locality maps of mineralized and unmineralized rock samples from the Baird Mountains Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T19:56:39","indexId":"ofr88256A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-256","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical results and sample locality maps of mineralized and unmineralized rock samples from the Baird Mountains Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88256A","usgsCitation":"Zayatz, M., Thompson, W., Bailey, E., Sutley, S.J., Folger, P.F., Karl, S.M., and Schmidt, J., 1988, Analytical results and sample locality maps of mineralized and unmineralized rock samples from the Baird Mountains Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-256, 159 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88256A.","productDescription":"159 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39906,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0256a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0256a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0256a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39905,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0256a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zayatz, M.R.","contributorId":44925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zayatz","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, W.B.","contributorId":98326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, E. A.","contributorId":100399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Folger, P. F.","contributorId":57862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":164287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, J.M.","contributorId":97916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":26324,"text":"wri884070 - 1988 - Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri884070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4070","title":"Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","docAbstract":"Differing capacities of plant species to tolerate drought and salinity are causative factors for presence of species and communities in various habitats. It is proposed that minimum xylem pressure potentials measured are indicative of drought tolerance and that minimum cell osmotic potentials are indicative of salt tolerance of plant species. Of 85 species measured, Nuttall saltbush (Atriplex nuttallii nuttallii) was found to be the most drought tolerant. Saltbrush (Atriplex confertifolia, A. nuttallii, A. canescens, and A. torreyi) had the lowest cell osmotic potentials measured. Although pickleweed (Allenrolfea occidentalis) grows in the saltiest soil measured, it did not have the lowest cell osmotic potential. This apparent inconsistency may be explained by the succulent characteristics of pickleweed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884070","usgsCitation":"Branson, F.A., Miller, R.F., and Sorenson, S.K., 1988, Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4070, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884070.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branson, Farrel Allen","contributorId":53823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branson","given":"Farrel","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Reuben Fred","contributorId":75967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2394,"text":"wsp2333 - 1988 - Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"wsp2333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2333","title":"Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"This paper describes the results of a study to determine the geologic and hydrologic factors that control migration of tritium from a closed, low-level radioactive-waste disposal site. The disposal site, which operated from 1943 to mid1949, contains waste generated by research activities at the world's first nuclear reactors. Tritium has migrated horizontally at least 1,300 feet northward in glacial drift and more than 650 feet in the underlying dolomite. Thin, gently sloping sand layers in an otherwise clayey glacial drift are major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in a perched zone beneath the disposal site. Tritium concentrations in the drift beneath the disposal site exceed 100,000 nanocuries per liter. Regional horizontal joints in the dolomite are enlarged by solution and are the major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in the dolomite. A weathered zone at the top of the dolomite also is a pathway for tritium migration. The maximum measured tritium concentration in the dolomite is 29.4 nanocuries per liter. Fluctuations of tritium concentration in the dolomite are the result of dilution by seasonal recharge from the drift.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2333","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., and Healy, R.W., 1988, Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2333, iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2333.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25617,"text":"wri884165 - 1988 - Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri884165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4165","title":"Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"From 1953 to 1983, an estimated 0.01 to 0.136 Ci (curies)/year of iodine-129 were contained in wastewater generated by the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The wastewater was directly discharged to the Snake River Plain aquifer through a deep disposal well until February 9, 1984, when the well was replaced by an unlined infiltration pond; a second pond was put into use on October 17, 1985. For 1984-86, the annual amount of iodine-129 in wastewater discharged to the ponds ranged from 0.0064 to 0.039 Ci. In August 1986, iodine-129 concentrations in water from 35 wells near the ICPP ranged from less than the reporting level to 3.6 +or-0.4 pCi/L (picocuries/L). By comparison, in April 1977 the water from 20 wells contained a maximum of 27 +or-1 pCi/L of iodine-129; in 1981, the maximum concentration in water from 32 wells was 41 +or-2 pCi/L. The average concentrations of iodine-129 in water from 18 wells that were sampled in 1977, 1981 and 1986 were 4.0, 6.7 and 1.3 pCi/L, respectively. The marked decrease in the iodine-129 concentration from 1981 to 1986 is the result of three factors: (1) The amount of iodine-129 disposed annually; (2) a change from the routine use of the disposal well to the infiltration ponds; and (3) a dilution of the iodine-129 in the aquifer by recharge from the Big Lost River. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884165","usgsCitation":"Mann, L., Chew, E., Morton, J., and Randolph, R., 1988, Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4165, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884165.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, E.W.","contributorId":21818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, J.S.","contributorId":14249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randolph, R.B.","contributorId":38606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25772,"text":"wri884227 - 1988 - SOLMINEQ.88; a computer program for geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri884227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4227","title":"SOLMINEQ.88; a computer program for geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884227","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Gunter, W., Aggarwal, P., Perkins, E., and DeBraal, J., 1988, SOLMINEQ.88; a computer program for geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4227, 420 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884227.","productDescription":"420 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4227/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunter, W.D.","contributorId":14018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, P.K.","contributorId":48214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, E.H.","contributorId":44959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeBraal, J.D.","contributorId":26711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBraal","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":15684,"text":"ofr88663 - 1988 - Debye temperatures of selected silicate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr88663","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-663","title":"Debye temperatures of selected silicate minerals","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88663","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., 1988, Debye temperatures of selected silicate minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-663, 23 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88663.","productDescription":"23 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0663/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0663/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6727ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49044,"text":"ofr88300F - 1988 - Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:47","indexId":"ofr88300F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-300","chapter":"F","title":"Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 1988","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88300F","usgsCitation":"Townshend, J.B., O’Connell, R.V., and Torrence, L., 1988, Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-300, 19 p. ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88300F.","productDescription":"19 p. ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85897,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, R. V.","contributorId":88755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torrence, L.Y.","contributorId":62587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrence","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":49042,"text":"ofr88300D - 1988 - Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, April 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:47","indexId":"ofr88300D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-300","chapter":"D","title":"Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, April 1988","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88300D","usgsCitation":"Townshend, J.B., O’Connell, R.V., and Torrence, L., 1988, Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, April 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-300, 17 p. ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88300D.","productDescription":"17 p. ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85895,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, R. V.","contributorId":88755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torrence, L.Y.","contributorId":62587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrence","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1681,"text":"wsp2313 - 1988 - Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9145,"text":"ofr802045 - 1981 - Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73","indexId":"ofr802045","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1681,"text":"wsp2313 - 1988 - Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73","indexId":"wsp2313","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2313","title":"Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73","docAbstract":"Five principal creeks, First Creek, Second Creek, Wood Creek, Third Creek, and Incline Creek, having a cumulative drainage of 17.8 square miles, furnished a yearly average of about 15,000 acre-feet of runoff, mainly snowmelt, to Lake Tahoe during the 1970-73 water years. Annual runoff from the individual streams ranged from 460 to 7,070 acre-feet, and discharges ranged from 0.2 to 110 cubic feet per second. During the 4 years, the five streams delivered to Lake Tahoe 31,000 tons of sediment, which averaged about 75 percent gravel and sand, 15 percent silt, and 10 percent clay. Annual cumulative sediment load for the five creeks ranged from 1,500 to 11,000 tons; individual streams furnished 20 to 5,200 tons annually. Measured sediment transport at the stream mouths ranged from 1 to 13,200 milligrams per liter and from 0.001 to 1,420 tons per day; sediment concentrations up to 63,200 milligrams per liter were measured at upstream tributary sites. \r\n\r\nEstimated annual sediment yields of principal drainage basins ranged from 3 to 930 tons per square mile from undeveloped areas and from 26 to 5,000 tons per square mile from developed areas; yields for developed areas appeared to average about 10 times those of undeveloped areas, and roadways apparently were the major source. Erosion disequilibrium caused by prestudy flash floods on two of the creeks continues to manifest itself through high natural sediment yields. The Second Creek flood of 1967 yielded about 75,000 tons of sediment in one afternoon. \r\n\r\nFluvial nutrient transport seems quantitatively related to magnitudes of sediment and water transport. Movement rates of organic nitrogen and particulate phosphorus were greater than rates of other nutrient species moving to the lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2313","usgsCitation":"Glancy, P.A., 1988, Streamflow, sediment transport, and nutrient transport at Incline Village, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1970-73: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2313, v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2313.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26762,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glancy, Patrick A.","contributorId":87113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25386,"text":"wri854127 - 1988 - Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri854127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4127","title":"Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","docAbstract":"The northern divide of the Susquehanna River basin crosses 29 broad valleys that contain thick glacial deposits but are drained only by small headwater streams. Much groundwater could be withdrawn from sand and gravel deposits in these valleys with little immediate effect on streamflow. A digital model of the headwater reach of one typical valley suggests that pumping 10.8 million gal/day for 2 months every summer would lower the water table as much as 33 ft, cause the upper 1,900 ft of the stream draining the valley to go dry, and reduce streamflow downvalley by 1.2 million gal/day by the time pumping ceased. Saturated thickness of surficial sand and gravel exceeds 40 ft in about half the headwater valley reaches; the valley floor areas range from 0.2 to 9 sq mi. Seepage losses from small streams that carry runoff from adjacent till-covered uplands are a major source of recharge to aquifers in these valleys under natural conditions and would increase if the water table were lowered by seasonal withdrawals. Some aquifers beneath extensive clay layers in these and other valleys of the Susquehanna River basin may be partially independent of streams but not easily evaluated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854127","usgsCitation":"Randall, A., Snavely, D.S., Holecek, T., and Waller, R., 1988, Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4127, v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854127.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holecek, T.P.","contributorId":76358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holecek","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, R.M.","contributorId":13659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1682,"text":"wsp2234F - 1988 - Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2234F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"F","title":"Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"The characteristics and distributions of near-surface bottom sediments and of nutrients in the sediments provide information on modern sediment and nutrient sources, sedimentation environments, and geochemical reactions in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia. This information is fundamental to an improved understanding of sedimentation and eutrophication problems in the tidal Potomac system. The tidal Potomac system consists of 1,230 square kilometers of intertidal to subtidal Potomac mainstem and tributary streambed from the heads-of-tides to Chesapeake Bay. \r\n\r\nTidal Potomac sediments are dominantly silt and clay except in local areas. An average sediment sample is about two-thirds silt and clay (fine) particles and one-third sand (coarse) particles. The mean of the median size of all samples is 6.60 phi, or 0.010 millimeters. Sorting generally is poor and the average sediment is skewed toward the fine tail of the size-distribution curve. \r\n\r\nMean particle-size measures have large standard deviations. Among geomorphic units, two distinctly different size populations are found; fine (median phi about 9), and poorly sorted (sorting about 3) sediments in the channel and the smooth flat, and coarse (median phi about 2), and well sorted (sorting about 1) sediments in the shoreline flat and the irregular slope. Among mainstem hydrologic divisions, an average sediment from the river and the estuary division is coarser and more variable than an average sediment from the transition division. \r\n\r\nSubstantial concentrations of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and limited amounts of inorganic carbon, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen occur in tidal Potomac sediments. An average tidal Potomac sediment sample weighing 1 kilogram contains about 21,000 milligrams of total carbon, 2,400 milligrams of total nitrogen, 1,200 milligrams of total phosphorus, 600 milligrams of inorganic carbon, 170 milligrams of ammonia nitrogen, and 2 milligrams of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen. Total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus have an average ratio by weight of 18:2:1 and an average ratio by atoms of 94:8:1. \r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios have large ranges and standard deviations. Nutrient concentrations usually are closely related to particle size; large concentrations are characteristic of fine sediments in the channel and the smooth flat, and small concentrations are typical of coarse sediments in the shoreline flat and the irregular slope. Concentrations typically decrease from the river division to the estuary division. \r\n\r\nMainstem and tributaries show no statistically significant difference in mean particle-size measures or mean nutrient concentrations. Tributaries do not contribute large quantities of sediment with diverse texture or nutrient content to the Potomac mainstem. Particle-size measures and nutrient concentrations in the mainstem are significantly related to hydrologic divisions and geomorphic units; that is, particle size and nutrients vary significantly along and across the Potomac mainstem. Lateral variations in particle size and nutrient content are more pronounced and contribute more to significant relations than longitudinal variations contribute. \r\n\r\nThe mean values for the median particle size and for the percentage of sand indicate significant variations among hydrologic divisions for samples from a geomorphic unit, and among geomorphic units, for samples from a hydrologic division. Sediments of channels and smooth flats in the river division commonly are coarser than sediments of channels and smooth flats in the transition and the estuary divisions. Shoreline flats in the estuary division are coarser than shoreline flats in the river division. Shoreline flats and irregular slopes in each hydrologic division generally are significantly coarser than channels and smooth flats. Relations between particle-size measures and geomorphic units show progressively larger cor","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234F","usgsCitation":"Glenn, J.L., 1988, Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, viii, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234F.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26763,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Jerry L.","contributorId":54969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1684,"text":"wsp2322 - 1988 - Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13826,"text":"ofr85575 - 1986 - Leachate migration from an in situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr85575","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Leachate migration from an in situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1684,"text":"wsp2322 - 1988 - Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2322","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2322","title":"Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic factors influencing leachate movement from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming, were investigated through models of ground-water flow and solute transport. Leachate, indicated by the conservative ion thiocyanate, has been observed ? mile downgradient from the retort. The contaminated aquifer is part of the Green River Formation and consists of thin, permeable layers of tuff and sandstone interbedded with oil shale. Most solute migration has occurred in an 8-foot sandstone at the top of the aquifer. Ground-water flow in the study area is complexly three dimensional and is characterized by large vertical variations in hydraulic head. The solute-transport model was used to predict the concentration of thiocyanate at a point where ground water discharges to the land surface. Leachate with peak concentrations of thiocyanate--45 milligrams per liter or approximately one-half the initial concentration of retort water--was estimated to reach the discharge area during January 1985. \r\n\r\nThis report describes many of th3 advantages, as well as the problems, of site-specific studies. Data such as the distribution of thin, permeable beds or fractures might introduce an unmanageable degree of complexity to basin-wide studies but can be incorporated readily into site-specific models. Solute migration in the study area occurs primarily in thin, permeable beds rather than in oil-shale strata. Because of this behavior, leachate traveled far greater distances than might otherwise have been expected. The detail possible in site-specific models permits more accurate prediction of solute transport than is possible with basin-wide models. A major problem in site-specific studies is identifying model boundaries that permit the accurate estimation of aquifer properties. If the quantity of water flowing through a study area cannot be determined prior to modeling, the hydraulic conductivity and ground-water velocity will be poorly estimated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2322","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1988, Leachate migration from an in-situ oil-shale retort near Rock Springs, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2322, iv, 26 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2322.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, Kent C.","contributorId":53766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3043,"text":"wsp2328 - 1988 - A well system to recover usable water from a freshwater-saltwater aquifer in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"wsp2328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2328","title":"A well system to recover usable water from a freshwater-saltwater aquifer in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Aquifers in coastal areas of Puerto Rico commonly contain limited quantities of freshwater that occur as a thin layer at the surface of the water table. Many wells have been abandoned because well screens were inadvertently placed in saltwater parts of the aquifer. \r\n\r\nA scavenger/production well couple that can be installed in an abandoned well, screened in both freshwater and saltwater parts of the aquifer, provides an effective method for extracting freshwater from the well. Withdrawal of a sufficient quantity of water having low chloride concentrations, by use of a well couple, depends on the upward movement of saltwater within the aquifer when the well is pumped. Upward movement of saltwater depends on the relative concentrations of chloride in the borehole and on the distribution of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. \r\n\r\nFor any well screened in an aquifer that contains both freshwater and saltwater, a family of curves can be constructed to represent all combinations of pumping rates and corresponding chloride loads when the scavenger well and the production well are being pumped simultaneously. The curves permit estimates of optimal withdrawals of freshwater based on the desired pumping rates and the levels of chloride concentration required for each well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2328","usgsCitation":"Zack, A.L., 1988, A well system to recover usable water from a freshwater-saltwater aquifer in Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2328, iv, 15 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2328.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zack, Allen L.","contributorId":47775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zack","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26372,"text":"wri884000 - 1988 - Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri884000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4000","title":"Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","docAbstract":"The N Aquifer is the main source of water in the 5,400 sq mi Black Mesa area in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations in northeastern Arizona. Water in the aquifer is under confined conditions in the central 3,300 sq mi of the area. Maximum saturated thickness is about 1,050 ft. Annual groundwater withdrawals from 1972 through 1986 averaged 5,480 acre-ft and included 3,820 acre-ft used to operate a coal mine on Black Mesa. As a result, water levels have declined in a large part of the aquifer. The coal company has applied for a permanent permit under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. An existing mathematical model of the aquifer in the Black Mesa area was converted to a newer model program and recalibrated by using revised estimates of selected aquifer parameters and a finer spatial grid. The model was used to simulate four groundwater withdrawal alternatives that combined the existing and proposed mining plans with projected constant or increasing pumpage for nearby communities. A fifth alternative combined increasing community pumpage with no mine withdrawals and was used as a basis for comparison. Simulated water levels for the year 2031 in the coal-lease area are projected to be 60 ft lower than in 1985 for the proposed mining plan combined with growing community pumpage and > 100 ft lower than predevelopment water levels over an area of 1,660 sq mi. Groundwater would rise to within 100 ft of predevelopment levels < 10 yr after mine withdrawals cease. Withdrawals at the mine were a minor factor in determining simulated water levels at most communities in the study area. Water levels at Tuba City were not affected by mine pumpage in any projection. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884000","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Eychaner, J., 1988, Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4000, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884000.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eychaner, J.H.","contributorId":34511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49040,"text":"ofr88300B - 1988 - Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, February 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:47","indexId":"ofr88300B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-300","chapter":"B","title":"Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, February 1988","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr88300B","usgsCitation":"Townshend, J.B., O’Connell, R.V., and Torrence, L., 1988, Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, February 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-300, 19 p. ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88300B.","productDescription":"19 p. ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85893,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0300b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673dc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, R. V.","contributorId":88755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torrence, L.Y.","contributorId":62587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrence","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3041,"text":"wsp2324 - 1988 - The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:18:21","indexId":"wsp2324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2324","title":"The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Black Creek aquifer contains dilute seawater near the North Carolina State line, probably the result of incomplete flushing of ancient seawater. Data do not indicate that the dilute seawater has migrated toward areas of fresh ground-water withdrawals. The concentration of chloride in ground-water samples ranges from 5 to 720 milligrams per liter and that of sodium from 160 to 690 milligrams per liter. \r\n\r\nIon-exchange reactions (sodium for calcium and fluoride for hydroxyl) occur with the calcium carbonate dissolution reaction which produces calcium, bicarbonate, and hydroxyl ions. The reaction sequence and stoichiometry result in an aqueous solution in which the sum of bicarbonate and chloride equivalents per liter is equal to the equivalents per liter of sodium. \r\n\r\nCalcium ions are exchanged for sodium ions derived from sodium-rich clays upgradient of the dilute seawater. The cation-exchange reaction equilibrates at a sodium concentration of 280 milligrams per liter. Amounts of sodium greater than 280 milligrams per liter are contributed from dilute seawater. The cation-exchange reaction approaches an equilibrium which represents a mass-action limit in terms of the ratio of sodium to calcium in solution versus the ratio of exchangeable sodium to calcium on clay surfaces. Where the limit of calcium carbonate solubility is approached and dissolution ceases, some precipitation of calcite probably takes place. The dissolution of calcite exposes fossil shark teeth which release fluoride ions to the ground water through anion exchange with aqueous hydroxyl ions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2324","usgsCitation":"Zack, A.L., and Roberts, I., 1988, The geochemical evolution of aqueous sodium in the Black Creek Aquifer, Horry and Georgetown counties, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2324, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2324.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Georgetown County, Horry County","otherGeospatial":"Black Creek Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-79.2846,33.7178],[-79.2819,33.716],[-79.2718,33.7222],[-79.2697,33.7181],[-79.2753,33.7141],[-79.2754,33.7086],[-79.2721,33.7085],[-79.2693,33.7112],[-79.2649,33.7103],[-79.2649,33.7071],[-79.2678,33.7035],[-79.2639,33.7025],[-79.2423,33.7058],[-79.2402,33.7044],[-79.2408,33.7026],[-79.2463,33.7009],[-79.2458,33.6972],[-79.2349,33.6939],[-79.2315,33.6952],[-79.2304,33.6988],[-79.2071,33.7035],[-79.1961,33.7019],[-79.1948,33.7069],[-79.1905,33.7059],[-79.1946,33.7155],[-79.2007,33.717],[-79.1989,33.7234],[-79.2026,33.7302],[-79.2125,33.7318],[-79.2144,33.7459],[-79.2176,33.7491],[-79.2181,33.7546],[-79.2366,33.7644],[-79.238,33.7744],[-79.2451,33.7814],[-79.2591,33.8202],[-79.2562,33.8279],[-79.2512,33.8274],[-79.249,33.8296],[-79.2527,33.837],[-79.2608,33.8439],[-79.259,33.8766],[-79.2647,33.8922],[-79.2712,33.8982],[-79.2817,33.9015],[-79.2839,33.8983],[-79.2895,33.8993],[-79.296,33.9031],[-79.3041,33.915],[-79.3117,33.9206],[-79.3145,33.9429],[-79.3352,33.9609],[-79.3355,33.9737],[-79.3302,33.9868],[-79.33,33.9963],[-79.3215,34.0026],[-79.3127,34.0006],[-79.3053,34.0123],[-79.3009,34.0323],[-79.2846,34.0434],[-79.2596,34.0489],[-79.2466,34.0574],[-79.2464,34.0678],[-79.2401,34.075],[-79.2411,34.08],[-79.2466,34.0815],[-79.2487,34.0892],[-79.2208,34.1179],[-79.2144,34.1314],[-79.2089,34.1277],[-79.2055,34.1336],[-79.2067,34.1513],[-79.1965,34.1607],[-79.1889,34.177],[-79.1759,34.1863],[-79.1738,34.1813],[-79.1682,34.1834],[-79.1652,34.1961],[-79.1515,34.2114],[-79.1341,34.2179],[-79.1317,34.2229],[-79.1332,34.2329],[-79.1293,34.2324],[-79.1286,34.2355],[-79.1313,34.2429],[-79.1282,34.2533],[-79.1118,34.2644],[-79.1072,34.2729],[-79.0998,34.2774],[-79.0954,34.2777],[-79.0862,34.288],[-79.0838,34.2939],[-79.0771,34.2956],[-79.0681,34.3023],[-78.5782,33.8825],[-78.5817,33.879],[-78.5928,33.876],[-78.5938,33.8736],[-78.6089,33.87],[-78.5791,33.8742],[-78.574,33.8714],[-78.5752,33.8654],[-78.5717,33.8577],[-78.5646,33.8542],[-78.5545,33.8536],[-78.5469,33.8444],[-78.5469,33.8425],[-78.5486,33.8428],[-78.5506,33.8469],[-78.5619,33.8483],[-78.5743,33.8458],[-78.5762,33.8469],[-78.5888,33.8426],[-78.6014,33.8442],[-78.6027,33.84],[-78.6071,33.8374],[-78.6273,33.8322],[-78.6321,33.828],[-78.6355,33.8289],[-78.6553,33.8236],[-78.6854,33.8128],[-78.7408,33.7874],[-78.7412,33.7857],[-78.747,33.7842],[-78.7863,33.7606],[-78.7942,33.7542],[-78.7982,33.7533],[-78.8275,33.7329],[-78.8692,33.7003],[-78.8864,33.6831],[-78.9001,33.6725],[-78.9119,33.6111],[-79,33.5456],[-79.0164,33.5239],[-79.1158,33.4069],[-79.1279,33.4166],[-79.1367,33.4028],[-79.16,33.3331],[-79.1644,33.3372],[-79.1672,33.3372],[-79.1708,33.3331],[-79.1689,33.33],[-79.17,33.3278],[-79.1728,33.3264],[-79.1717,33.3139],[-79.1758,33.3111],[-79.1719,33.3114],[-79.1694,33.3194],[-79.1647,33.3197],[-79.1608,33.3169],[-79.1606,33.3142],[-79.1689,33.3003],[-79.1808,33.2544],[-79.1819,33.2408],[-79.1794,33.2231],[-79.1744,33.21],[-79.1678,33.2064],[-79.1525,33.2044],[-79.1525,33.2031],[-79.1631,33.2028],[-79.1756,33.2078],[-79.1992,33.2647],[-79.2008,33.2717],[-79.1939,33.29],[-79.1958,33.2958],[-79.2247,33.3028],[-79.2508,33.3536],[-79.2483,33.3592],[-79.2503,33.3619],[-79.2519,33.3611],[-79.2558,33.365],[-79.2592,33.3628],[-79.2658,33.3661],[-79.2728,33.3603],[-79.2778,33.3519],[-79.28,33.3547],[-79.28,33.3592],[-79.2825,33.3586],[-79.2886,33.3675],[-79.2911,33.365],[-79.2867,33.3614],[-79.2814,33.3469],[-79.2906,33.3316],[-79.2925,33.3233],[-79.2908,33.3211],[-79.2908,33.3106],[-79.2931,33.3],[-79.2764,33.2722],[-79.2578,33.2592],[-79.2364,33.2536],[-79.2108,33.2439],[-79.2036,33.235],[-79.2022,33.2281],[-79.2014,33.2169],[-79.2039,33.2053],[-79.1992,33.1978],[-79.1925,33.1972],[-79.1894,33.1908],[-79.1936,33.2083],[-79.1841,33.1985],[-79.1811,33.1922],[-79.1567,33.1919],[-79.1406,33.1894],[-79.1831,33.1906],[-79.1906,33.1758],[-79.2075,33.1597],[-79.2258,33.1481],[-79.2381,33.1347],[-79.2414,33.1353],[-79.2403,33.1372],[-79.2428,33.1392],[-79.2453,33.1383],[-79.2467,33.125],[-79.2706,33.1189],[-79.2719,33.1242],[-79.2747,33.125],[-79.2758,33.1231],[-79.2853,33.1318],[-79.2977,33.1388],[-79.336,33.1458],[-79.3609,33.1607],[-79.3734,33.1659],[-79.3852,33.1761],[-79.394,33.1775],[-79.4021,33.1831],[-79.4138,33.1978],[-79.4273,33.2094],[-79.4387,33.215],[-79.447,33.2138],[-79.453,33.2157],[-79.4562,33.2184],[-79.4523,33.2225],[-79.4522,33.2266],[-79.4587,33.2317],[-79.4642,33.2327],[-79.4741,33.2296],[-79.4746,33.2319],[-79.469,33.2382],[-79.4723,33.2391],[-79.4806,33.2347],[-79.4838,33.237],[-79.4777,33.2442],[-79.4815,33.2465],[-79.492,33.238],[-79.5352,33.2491],[-79.5384,33.2532],[-79.5461,33.2547],[-79.5502,33.2652],[-79.5586,33.2603],[-79.5613,33.2612],[-79.5579,33.2685],[-79.5726,33.2764],[-79.6066,33.2791],[-79.6168,33.2874],[-79.6305,33.293],[-79.6672,33.2985],[-79.6769,33.3045],[-79.673,33.3108],[-7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Allen L.","contributorId":47775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zack","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Ivan","contributorId":87919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25422,"text":"wri884153 - 1988 - A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:28:14","indexId":"wri884153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4153","title":"A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines","docAbstract":"The program named PHRQPITZ is a computer code capable of making geochemical calculations in brines and other electrolyte solutions to high concentrations using the Pitzer virial-coefficient approach for activity-coefficient corrections. Reaction-modeling capabilities include calculation of (1) aqueous speciation and mineral-saturation index, (2) mineral solubility, (3) mixing and titration of aqueous solutions, (4) irreversible reactions and mineral water mass transfer, and (5) reaction path. The computed results for each aqueous solution include the osmotic coefficient, water activity , mineral saturation indices, mean activity coefficients, total activity coefficients, and scale-dependent values of pH, individual-ion activities and individual-ion activity coeffients , and scale-dependent values of pH, individual-ion activities and individual-ion activity coefficients. A data base of Pitzer interaction parameters is provided at 25 C for the system: Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O, and extended to include largely untested literature data for Fe(II), Mn(II), Sr, Ba, Li, and Br with provision for calculations at temperatures other than 25C. An extensive literature review of published Pitzer interaction parameters for many inorganic salts is given. Also described is an interactive input code for PHRQPITZ called PITZINPT. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884153","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Parkhurst, D., Fleming, G., and Dunkle, S., 1988, A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4153, vi, 310 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884153.","productDescription":"vi, 310 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54141,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db54601a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, G.W.","contributorId":81937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunkle, S.A.","contributorId":11248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunkle","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25559,"text":"wri874182 - 1988 - Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri874182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4182","title":"Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington","docAbstract":"Aquifers in Island County, Washington, that are intruded by seawater from Puget Sound contain chloride concentrations that exceed 100 mg/L. Chloride concentrations exceeded 100 mg/L in 24 % of the wells that were drilled below sea level and sampled in August 1981, but most of the chloride concentrations did not exceed 1,000 mg/L. Groundwater occurs in glacial deposits that have a maximum thickness of 3,000 ft; the deposits were divided into five aquifers and five confining units. Four overlapping digital models were calibrated, using time-averaged data, to simulate three-dimensional steady flow of fresh groundwater in multiple aquifers containing freshwater and seawater separated by a sharp interface. Model simulations indicate that most of the recharge is discharged from aquifers C and D as springs below sea levels, and only a small fraction of the recharge moves downward below aquifer C. Simulations also indicate that aquifers beneath the islands are not recharged by groundwater that moves from the mainland through aquifers beneath Puget Sound except in the area of northeast Camano Island. Between Whidbey and Camano Islands, the freshwater-seawater interface intersects the bottom of Puget Sound and prevents movement of fresh groundwater between the two islands. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874182","usgsCitation":"Sapik, D.B., Bortleson, G.C., Drost, B., Jones, M., and Prych, E., 1988, Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4182, vi, 67 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874182.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54282,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54283,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54284,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54285,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6498c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sapik, D. B.","contributorId":75932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapik","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert C.","contributorId":57472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26239,"text":"wri874239 - 1988 - A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T12:35:25","indexId":"wri874239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4239","title":"A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","docAbstract":"Present Mount Shasta, California, area hydrologic characteristics were documented to compare future changes due to land use or volcanic activity. Lower flanks of Mount Shasta consist of broad aprons of pyroclastic-flow, debris flow, and fluvial deposits, with incised channels on upper parts of the mountain. Data include glacial areas and volumes, streamflow, sediment concentrations, temperature, and water chemistry of groundwater and springs. Many springs issue from fractures in lava and lava tubes around Mount Shasta and serve as sources of water for nearby towns. Groundwater levels fluctuate as much as 27 ft. Water sampled from wells meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Streamflow is affected by snowfield and glacial melt and precipitation, with some streams showing diurnal variations related to daily air temperature changes. Only four streams have sufficient streamflow to travel more than about 6 mi from the summit; differences in low flows are attributed to groundwater stored in materials that compose the mountain and alluvial fans and the rain shadow effect on precipitation in northwest areas of the mountain. Most streamflow is ephemeral and percolates into channel beds on alluvial fans. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874239","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., Poeschel, K., and Thornton, J., 1988, A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4239, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874239.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55039,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeschel, K.R.","contributorId":98715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeschel","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornton, J.L.","contributorId":41460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":61288,"text":"mf2056 - 1988 - High-resolution multichannel seismic-reflection profiles across the Helena Banks strike-slip fault zone offshore of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:33:48.908676","indexId":"mf2056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2056","title":"High-resolution multichannel seismic-reflection profiles across the Helena Banks strike-slip fault zone offshore of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake area","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2056","usgsCitation":"Yuan, A., and Behrendt, J.C., 1988, High-resolution multichannel seismic-reflection profiles across the Helena Banks strike-slip fault zone offshore of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake area: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2056, 1 Plate: 43.46 x 34.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2056.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 43.46 x 34.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2056/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2056/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"750000","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston,","otherGeospatial":"Helena Banks strike-slip fault zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,32 ], [ -81,33 ], [ -79,33 ], [ -79,32 ], [ -81,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Annette","contributorId":106198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Annette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":265328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25959,"text":"wri874087 - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri874087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4087","title":"Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874087","usgsCitation":"Arcement, G., 1988, Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4087, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874087.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arcement, G.J. Jr.","contributorId":16457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"G.J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26355,"text":"wri874219 - 1988 - Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri874219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4219","title":"Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","docAbstract":"External quality assurance monitoring of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and National Trends Network (NTN) was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1985. The monitoring consisted of three primary programs: (1) an intersite comparison program designed to assess the precision and accuracy of onsite pH and specific conductance measurements made by NADP and NTN site operators; (2) a blind audit sample program designed to assess the effect of routine field handling on the precision and bias of NADP and NTN wet deposition data; and (3) an interlaboratory comparison program designed to compare analytical data from the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples with data produced by other laboratories routinely analyzing wet deposition samples and to provide estimates of individual laboratory precision. An average of 94% of the site operators participated in the four voluntary intersite comparisons during 1985. A larger percentage of participating site operators met the accuracy goal for specific conductance measurements (average, 87%) than for pH measurements (average, 67%). Overall precision was dependent on the actual specific conductance of the test solution and independent of the pH of the test solution. Data for the blind audit sample program indicated slight positive biases resulting from routine field handling for all analytes except specific conductance. These biases were not large enough to be significant for most data users. Data for the blind audit sample program also indicated that decreases in hydrogen ion concentration were accompanied by decreases in specific conductance. Precision estimates derived from the blind audit sample program indicate that the major source of uncertainty in wet deposition data is the routine field handling that each wet deposition sample receives. Results of the interlaboratory comparison program were similar to results of previous years ' evaluations, indicating that the participating laboratories produced comparable data when they analyzed identical wet deposition samples, and that the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples achieved the best analyte precision of the participating laboratories. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874219","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Willoughby, T.C., 1988, Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4219, iii, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874219.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, T. C.","contributorId":31791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":61318,"text":"mf1924 - 1988 - Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:35","indexId":"mf1924","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1924","title":"Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1924","usgsCitation":"Page, N., Huanqui, F., Learned, R.E., Caballero, A., and Guisado, E., 1988, Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1924, 8 maps on 2 sheets ;45 x 59 cm. and 23 x 30 cm., sheets 83 x 109 cm. and 83 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1924.","productDescription":"8 maps on 2 sheets ;45 x 59 cm. and 23 x 30 cm., sheets 83 x 109 cm. and 83 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/report.pdf","size":"35","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114789,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/plate-1.pdf","size":"6115","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114790,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/plate-2.pdf","size":"6024","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.41666666666667,13.866666666666667 ], [ -75.41666666666667,13.933333333333334 ], [ -52.35111111111111,13.933333333333334 ], [ -52.35111111111111,13.866666666666667 ], [ -75.41666666666667,13.866666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huanqui, Fredy","contributorId":58344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huanqui","given":"Fredy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Learned, R. E.","contributorId":9638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Learned","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caballero, Alberto","contributorId":18450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caballero","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guisado, Edgardo","contributorId":107775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guisado","given":"Edgardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26019,"text":"wri884010 - 1988 - Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:10:40","indexId":"wri884010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4010","title":"Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Bear Creek Valley, Tennessee contains hazardous waste disposal sites where contaminants leach into ground and surface water. Groundwater flow and the potential migration of contaminants is poorly understood. The Valley is underlain by calcareous shale that contains limestone units. Ridges to the north and south are underlain by interbedded sandstones, siltstone and shale, and by massive, siliceous dolomite, respectively. The bedrock, which dips about 45 degrees southeast, is overlain by regolith to a maximum thickness of 80 ft. Observed hydraulic conductivities for the regolith range from 0.01 to 13 ft/day, and for the bedrock, from 0.001 to 11 ft/day. Groundwater flow is probably toward streams and is preferential along strike because of an areal anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity. A cross sectional groundwater flow model was used to test the conceptualized flow system and to help identify areas where additional data are needed. The preliminary model shows a pattern of recharge at both ridges, flow toward the valley, and upward flow that discharges into Bear Creek. Final model values of hydraulic conductivity in the bedrock range from 0.01 to 0.1 ft/day and reflect an areal anisotropy ratio of 1:5. Simulated recharge was 10 inches/year. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1988, Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4010, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884010.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri884010.jpg"},{"id":310320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4010/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26020,"text":"wri884068 - 1988 - Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:45:23.481276","indexId":"wri884068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4068","title":"Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty-four wells were constructed at nine sites at Bear Creek Valley to provide geologic and hydrologic information. Lithologic samples and suits of geophysical logs were obtained from the deepest boreholes at six of the sites. Two of these boreholes at the base of Chestnut Ridge were completed in the Maynardville Limestone and two were completed in the Nolichucky Shale. Two boreholes along Pine Ridge were completed in the Rome Formation. Zones of similar lithology within a borehole were delineated from rock cutting refined by examination of geophysical logs. The contact between the Maynardville Limestone and Nolichucky Shale was identified in two of the boreholes. Fractures and cavities were readily identifiable on the acoustic-televiewer and caliper logs. Distinct water-bearing intervals were also identified from the temperature, fluid resistance, and resistivity logs. Depths at which the drilling encounterd a thrust were identified in two boreholes in the Rome Formation from both rock cutting and geophysical logs.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884068","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., and Hanchar, D., 1988, Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4068, Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884068.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411208,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54798,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54797,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54796,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54795,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54794,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54793,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Oak Ridge","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              36.0111\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3983,\n              36.0111\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3983,\n              35.8958\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              35.8958\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              36.0111\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. 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