{"pageNumber":"4234","pageRowStart":"105825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70017001,"text":"70017001 - 1992 - Galileo encounter with 951 Gaspra: First pictures of an asteroid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T15:11:13.839692","indexId":"70017001","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Galileo encounter with 951 Gaspra: First pictures of an asteroid","docAbstract":"Galileo images of Gaspra reveal it to be an irregularly shaped object (19 by 12 by 11 kilometers) that appears to have been created by a catastrophic collisional disruption of a precursor parent body. The cratering age of the surface is about 200 million years. Subtle albedo and color variations appear to correlate with morphological features: Brighter materials are associated with craters especially along the crests of ridges, have a stronger 1-micrometer absorption, and may represent freshly excavated mafic materials; darker materials exhibiting a significantly weaker 1-micrometer absorption appear concentrated in interridge areas. One explanation of these patterns is that Gaspra is covered with a thin regolith and that some of this material has migrated downslope in some areas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.257.5077.1647","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Veverka, J., Thomas, P., Helfenstein, P., Simonelli, D., Chapman, C., Davies, M.E., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J., Murchie, S., Klaasen, K., Johnson, T.V., McEwen, A., Morrison, D., Neukum, G., Fanale, F., Anger, C., Carr, M., and Pilcher, C., 1992, Galileo encounter with 951 Gaspra: First pictures of an asteroid: Science, v. 257, no. 5077, p. 1647-1652, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5077.1647.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1647","endPage":"1652","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","issue":"5077","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14abe4b0c8380cd54ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helfenstein, P.","contributorId":69306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simonelli, D.","contributorId":40737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonelli","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, C.","contributorId":16951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Head, J.","contributorId":6595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Murchie, S.","contributorId":16584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Klaasen, K.","contributorId":101395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaasen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McEwen, A.","contributorId":39105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Fanale, F.","contributorId":11340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Anger, C.","contributorId":50296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anger","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Carr, M.","contributorId":105845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Pilcher, C.","contributorId":26452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70016814,"text":"70016814 - 1992 - Rapid intraplate strain accumulation in the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T15:17:32.80239","indexId":"70016814","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid intraplate strain accumulation in the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Remeasurement of a triangulation network in the southern part of the New Madrid seismic zone with the Global Positioning System has revealed rapid crustal strain accumulation since the 1950s. This area experienced three large (moment magnitudes &gt;8) earthquakes in 1811 to 1812. The orientation and sense of shear is consistent with right-lateral strike slip motion along a northeast-trending fault zone (as indicated by current seismicity). Detection of crustal strain accumulation may be a useful discriminant for identifying areas where potentially damaging intraplate earthquakes may occur despite the absence of large earthquakes during historic time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.257.5077.1666","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Zoback, M.D., and Segall, P., 1992, Rapid intraplate strain accumulation in the New Madrid seismic zone: Science, v. 257, no. 5077, p. 1666-1669, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5077.1666.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1666","endPage":"1669","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid seismic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.7300216645112,\n              37.10778809864608\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7300216645112,\n              35.71369798439041\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.12392250431445,\n              35.71369798439041\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.12392250431445,\n              37.10778809864608\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7300216645112,\n              37.10778809864608\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"257","issue":"5077","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94eae4b0c8380cd816cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199718,"text":"70199718 - 1992 - Selenium and other elements in freshwater fishes from the irrigated San Joaquin valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:44:46","indexId":"70199718","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-11T10:44:11","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and other elements in freshwater fishes from the irrigated San Joaquin valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) were measured in composite whole-body samples of five fishes — bluegill (</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>), common carp (</span><i>Cyprinus carpio</i><span>), mosquitofish (</span><i>Gambusia affinis</i><span>), largemouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>), and Sacramento blackfish (</span><i>Orthodon microlepidotus</i><span>) — from the San Joaquin River system to determine if concentrations were elevated from exposure to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage. Except for Cr, the concentrations of these elements in fishes from one or more sites were elevated; however, only Se approached concentrations that may adversely affect survival, growth, or reproduction in warm water fishes. Moreover, only Se among the four measured elements exhibited a geographic (spatial) pattern that coincided with known inflows of tile drainage to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries. Historical data from the Grassland Water District (Grasslands; a region exposed to concentrated tile drainage) suggested that concentrations of Se in fishes were at maximum during or shortly after 1984 and have been slightly lower since then. The recent decline of Se concentrations in fishes from the Grasslands could be temporary if additional acreages of irrigated lands in this portion of the San Joaquin Valley must be tile-drained to protect agricultural crops from rising groundwater tables</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90487-D","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Jennings, M.R., and May, T.W., 1992, Selenium and other elements in freshwater fishes from the irrigated San Joaquin valley, California: Science of the Total Environment, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 109-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90487-D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"137","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"126","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111fdbe4b034bf6a81b5d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Mark R.","contributorId":31345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":746318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127051,"text":"70127051 - 1992 - Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts: test of a habitat model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T16:20:12","indexId":"70127051","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T14:06:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts: test of a habitat model","docAbstract":"<p>Shelterbelts are human-made habitats consisting of rows of shrubs and trees planted either in fields or on the windward side of farmstead dwellings. Shelterbelts provide wooded habitat for a large variety of birds and other wildlife. A model to predict wildlife species richness in shelterbelts (Schroeder 1986) was published as part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model series (Schamberger et al. 1982). HSI models have been used extensively by wildlife managers and land use planners to assess habitat quality. Several HSI models have become the focus of a test program that includes analysis of field data for corroboration, refutation, or modification of model hypotheses. Previous tests of HSI models focused either on single species (e.g., Cook and Irwin 1985, Morton et al. 1989, Schroeder 1990) or examined portions of HSI models, such as the relationship between cavity abundance and tree diameter (Allen and Corn 1990). The shelterbelt model, however, assesses habitat value at the community level. The effects of habitat characteristics, area, and perimeter on diversity and abundance of bird and mammal species in shelterbelts were first studied by Yahner (1983a, b). Johnson and Beck (1988) confirmed the importance of shelterbelts to wildlife and identified area, perimeter, and diversity and complexity of vegetation as key measurements of habitat quality. The shelterbelt model incorporates both specific habitat variables and larger scale parameters, such as area and configuration, to predict wildlife species richness. This shift in perspective comes at a time of increasing interest in conservation and planning beyond the species levels (e.g., Graul and Miller 1984, Hutto et al. 1987, Schroeder 1987: 26).</p><p>We report results of a 3-year study of spatial and vegetative parameters and their relationship to breeding bird species richness (BSR) in 34 Kansas shelterbelts. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis presented in the original shelterbelt model (Schroeder 1986) that species richness can be predicted by shelterbelt characteristics and to investigate alternative models for predicting BSR in shelterbelts.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., Cable, T.T., and Haire, S., 1992, Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts: test of a habitat model: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 20, no. 3, p. 264-273.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Pawnee County, Stafford County","otherGeospatial":"Great Bend Prairie, Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.0332,38.3484],[-99.032,38.2619],[-98.9136,38.2614],[-98.4816,38.2603],[-98.4734,38.2603],[-98.4746,38.2286],[-98.474,38.2145],[-98.474,38.1737],[-98.4734,38.1184],[-98.4734,38.103],[-98.4735,38.0677],[-98.4718,37.8256],[-99.0137,37.8264],[-99.0224,37.8268],[-99.0225,38.0008],[-99.3496,38.0008],[-99.3494,38.0874],[-99.5687,38.0875],[-99.5701,38.2611],[-99.5847,38.2614],[-99.5854,38.3489],[-99.0332,38.3484]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pawnee\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252edfe4b0e641df8a723c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, Ted T.","contributorId":54524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haire, Sandra L.","contributorId":65556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"Sandra L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223620,"text":"5223620 - 1992 - Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vampyressa macconnelli)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T16:58:43.717869","indexId":"5223620","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vampyressa macconnelli)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2388616","usgsCitation":"Foster, M.S., 1992, Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vampyressa macconnelli): Biotropica, v. 24, no. 3, p. 447-454, https://doi.org/10.2307/2388616.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/G9S6PBKT","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68519f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70243289,"text":"70243289 - 1992 - SUDS: The seismic unified data system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-05T15:33:24.32705","indexId":"70243289","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T10:27:27","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SUDS: The seismic unified data system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our ability to collect high-quality digital data is increasing much more rapidly than our ability to process it. This is partly due to the revolution in digital technology and partly to increased teamwork in building equipment and carrying out major projects such as those fostered in seismology by the IRIS Consortium (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology). The need is now great for a similar level of teamwork in data processing. The Seismic Unified Data System (SUDS) is a foundation suitable for such teamwork in all types of seismic processing, from studies of earthquakes to discrimination of explosions to reflection and refraction studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91EO10289","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., 1992, SUDS: The seismic unified data system: Eos Science News, v. 73, no. 35, p. 380-382, https://doi.org/10.1029/91EO10289.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70126937,"text":"70126937 - 1992 - Determining the minimum instream flow for hydro peaking projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T15:06:20","indexId":"70126937","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T10:22:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5143,"text":"Hydro Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the minimum instream flow for hydro peaking projects","docAbstract":"A new analytical technique is available for quantifying and predicting the effect that a proposed hydro peaking operation, or a change in an existing project's operation, will have on physical habitat for aquatic populations downstream of the project. The technique, known as the dual flow analysis, is based on elements of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM). PHABSIM is used to calculate the physical habitat for aquatic organisms in a stream. The assumption behind the development of this technique is that if the effects of a proposed project on physical habitat are known, one can better understand the effects on aquatic organisms. Thus, a defensible selection of an instream flow requirement can be made. The technique was developed as a result of a joint study by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. at the 26.4-MW Bennetts Bridge and the 7.8-MW Lighthouse Hill developments on the Salmon river in upstate New York.","language":"English","publisher":"Hydro Consultants","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1992, Determining the minimum instream flow for hydro peaking projects: Hydro Review, v. 11, no. 6, p. 67-74.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eaae4b0e641df8a6f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70073489,"text":"70073489 - 1992 - Determining water availability in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T09:06:02","indexId":"70073489","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T09:01:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1741,"text":"Geo Info Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining water availability in Kansas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo Info Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aster Pub. Corp.","publisherLocation":"Eugene, OR","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 1992, Determining water availability in Kansas: Geo Info Systems, v. 2, no. 8, p. 52-57.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0518,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,36.9931 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd548ee4b0b290850f5d05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70243227,"text":"70243227 - 1992 - On the inference of absolute stress levels from seismic radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T13:51:23.781478","indexId":"70243227","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T08:45:37","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the inference of absolute stress levels from seismic radiation","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper determines the conditions under which it is possible to learn the absolute stress level at a subset of points on a fault from observation of the fault kinematics. Specifically, the points on a rupturing fault can be divided into two groups, those points at which the rake rotates during the rupture process, and those points at which the rake does not rotate. If it is true that sliding frictional traction is collinear with the instantaneous velocity of one side of a fault, then at the former group of points (having rotating rakes) there is a unique absolute stress consistent with the motion, while at the latter group of points (having rakes that do not rotate) the absolute stress is unspecified by the motion. Published dislocation solutions for the 1979 Imperial Valley, 1986 North Palm Springs, 1987 Whittier Narrows, and 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquakes are examined for evidence of temporal rotations of rake at the hypocenters and largest asperities. The 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake shows evidence of a possible rake rotation at the hypocenter. This may imply a low absolute stress level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(92)90053-9","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P.K., 1992, On the inference of absolute stress levels from seismic radiation: Tectonophysics, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90053-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P. K. P.","contributorId":304761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185794,"text":"70185794 - 1992 - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:45:56","indexId":"70185794","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation","docAbstract":"<p><span>An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer was used for the quantitative measurement of trace elements In specific,submicrometer size-fraction particulates, separated by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Fractions were collected from the eluent of the field-flow fractionation centrifuge and nebulized, with a Babington-type pneumatic nebulizer, into an argon inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Measured Ion currents were used to quantify the major, minor, and trace element composition of the size-separated colloidal (&lt; 1-microm diameter) particulates. The composition of surface-water suspended matter collected from the Yarra and Darling rivers in Australia is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this tool for characterizing environmental materials. An adsorption experiment was performed using cadmium lon to demonstrate the utility for studying the processes of trace metal-suspended sediment interactions and contaminant transport in natural aquatic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00042a005","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., Murphy, D.M., and Beckett, R., 1992, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element-specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, no. 18, p. 2036-2041, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00042a005.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2036","endPage":"2041","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c68571c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Deirdre M.","contributorId":189665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Deirdre","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beckett, Ronald","contributorId":190005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckett","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185462,"text":"70185462 - 1992 - Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:16:27","indexId":"70185462","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl<sub>3</sub>F and CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","title":"Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p><span>The use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as an age‐dating tool and tracer in shallow groundwaters has been investigated. New methodology for field sampling and preserving groundwaters containing parts per trillion concentrations of the CFCs, F‐1l and F‐12, is presented. Samples are analyzed by purge‐and‐trap gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Physical and chemical processes that can alter natural concentrations (air‐water equilibrium) of CFCs were investigated to assess dating uncertainties. CFC model recharge ages appear to be defined within 2 years under optimum conditions. The method was applied to central Oklahoma to demonstrate the usefulness of CFCs as (1) an age‐dating tool of shallow groundwaters, (2) a tracer of sewage effluent in surface and shallow groundwaters, and (3) a tracer of shallow groundwater. Results of dating indicate two primary recharge periods in central Oklahoma over the past 45 years that correspond to the wet periods 1945–1960 and 1967–1975.</span></p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/92WR01263","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 1992, Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age‐dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 9, p. 2257-2283, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01263.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"2257","endPage":"2283","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180659,"text":"70180659 - 1992 - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene coding for the 57kDa soluble antigen of the salmonid fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:00:15","indexId":"70180659","displayToPublicDate":"1992-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1620,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene coding for the 57kDa soluble antigen of the salmonid fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum","docAbstract":"<p><span>The complete sequence coding for the 57-kDa major soluble antigen of the salmonid fish pathogen, </span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span>, was determined. The gene contained an opening reading frame of 1671 nucleotides coding for a protein of 557 amino acids with a calculated </span><i>M</i><sub>r</sub><span> value of 57190. The first 26 amino acids constituted a signal peptide. The deduced sequence for amino acid residues 27–61 was in agreement with the 35 N-terminal amino acid residues determined by microsequencing, suggesting the protein in synthesized as a 557-amino acid precursor and processed to produce a mature protein of </span><i>M</i><sub>r</sub><span> 54505. Two regions of the protein contained imperfect direct repeats. The first region contained two copies of an 81-residue repeat, the second contained five copies of an unrelated 25-residue repeat. Also, a perfect inverted repeat (including three in-frame UAA stop codons) was observed at the carboxyl-terminus of the gene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05427.x","usgsCitation":"Chien, M., Gilbert, T.L., Huang, C., Landolt, M.L., O’Hara, P.J., and Winton, J.R., 1992, Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene coding for the 57kDa soluble antigen of the salmonid fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum: FEMS Microbiology Letters, v. 96, no. 2-3, p. 259-266, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05427.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05427.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bce4b072a7ac12996c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chien, Maw-Sheng","contributorId":169572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Maw-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, Teresa L.","contributorId":178987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, Chienjin","contributorId":169567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chienjin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landolt, Marsha L.","contributorId":168835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landolt","given":"Marsha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Hara, Patrick J.","contributorId":178986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Hara","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70209198,"text":"70209198 - 1992 - Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:37:57","indexId":"70209198","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-31T12:30:56","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) eggs","title":"Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trace contaminant concentrations were measured in eggs of endangered California clapper rails (</span><i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i><span>) collected from San Francisco Bay during 1975, 1986, and 1987, and in clapper rail eggs (</span><i>R. l. waynei</i><span>) from North Carolina during 1987. Residues of 10 detected organochlorines (OC) were low and decreased by 2 to 3-fold from 1975 to 1986–1987 for San Francisco Bay samples, whereas eggshell thickness remained unchanged and comparable to eggs collected prior to 1940. Mercury (Hg) concentrations in eggs from San Francisco Bay were higher than those from North Carolina, and comparable to concentrations associated with reproductive effects in other avian species. Selenium (Se) concentrations in eggs from San Francisco Bay were also higher than those from North Carolina, and were highest in a north San Francisco Bay marsh adjacent to an oil refinery. Individual Se concentrations were slightly lower than values associated with embryotoxicity in other rallids. We recommend additional research on the effects of these and other contaminants on California clapper rails and the restoration of rail habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212268","usgsCitation":"Lonzarich, D., Harvey, T.E., and Takekawa, J.E., 1992, Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212268.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County, Costra Costa County, Napa County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              38.017803980061124\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23663330078124,\n              38.25112269630296\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.45086669921875,\n              38.21012996629426\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53051757812499,\n              38.067554724225275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53875732421875,\n              37.87485339352928\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.42614746093749,\n              37.75768707689704\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41241455078125,\n              37.60335225883687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0306396484375,\n              37.38979975341983\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91802978515625,\n              37.437793259976544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              37.53150992479082\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1240234375,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23937988281251,\n              37.820632846207864\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3272705078125,\n              37.94852933714952\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              38.017803980061124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lonzarich, D.G.","contributorId":57416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonzarich","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Thomas E.","contributorId":38089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216677,"text":"70216677 - 1992 - Climatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T20:05:22.823324","indexId":"70216677","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-27T14:01:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Climatology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques for determining probabilities of geologic events and processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Webb, J.T., and Hostetler, S.W., 1992, Climatology, chap. <i>of</i> Techniques for determining probabilities of geologic events and processes, p. 99-122.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, J. T. III","contributorId":245305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70201391,"text":"70201391 - 1992 - The geology and distribution of impact craters on Venus: What are they telling us?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T11:52:59","indexId":"70201391","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-25T11:52:35","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology and distribution of impact craters on Venus: What are they telling us?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magellan has revealed an ensemble of impact craters on Venus that is unique in many important ways. We have compiled a data base describing the 842 craters on 89% of Venus' surface mapped through orbit 2578. (The craters range in diameter from 1.5 to 280 km.) We have studied the distribution, size‐density, morphology, geology, and associated surface properties of these craters both in the aggregate and, for some craters, in greater detail. We find that (1) the spatial distribution of craters is highly uniform; (2) the size‐density distribution of large craters (diameters ≥35 km) is similar to the young crater populations on other terrestrial planets but at a much lower density that indicates an average age of only about 0.5 Ga (based on the estimated population of Venus‐crossing asteroids); (3) unlike the case on other planets, the density of small craters (diameters ≤35 km) declines rapidly with decreasing diameters because of atmospheric filtering; (4) the spectrum of crater modification differs greatly from that on other planets: 62% of all craters are pristine, only 4% are embayed by lavas, and the remainder are affected by tectonism, but none are severely and progressively depleted (as extrapolated from the size‐density distribution of larger craters); (5) large craters have a progression of morphologies generally similar to those on other planets, but small craters are typically irregular or multiple rather than bowl shaped; (6) diffuse radar‐bright or ‐dark features surround some craters, and 367 similar diffuse “splotches” with no central crater are observed; and (7) other crater features unique to Venus include radar‐bright or ‐dark parabolic arcs opening westward and extensive outflows originating in crater ejecta. The first three of these observations are entirely unexpected. We interpret them as indicating that the planet's cratering record was erased by a global resurfacing event or events, the latest ending about 0.5 Ga, after which volcanic activity declined (but did not cease entirely). Since the last resurfacing event, a maximum of 10% of the planet has been resurfaced and only about 4% of the craters have been obliterated. Convective thermal evolution models support this interpretation (Arkani‐Hamed and Toksoz, 1984). Observations 3–7 confirm quantitatively the expectation that the dense atmosphere of Venus has strongly affected the production of craters. Large impactors have been relatively unaffected, intermediate‐sized ones have been fragmented and have produced overlapping or multiple craters, a narrow size range has produced shock‐induced “splotches” but no craters, and the smallest bodies have had no observable effect on the surface. The number of craters eliminated by the “atmospheric filter” is enormous, about 98% of the craters between 2 and 35 km in diameter that Magellan might have observed on a hypothetical airless Venus. Unique crater‐related features such as parabolas and outflow deposits demonstrate the roles of Venus' high atmospheric density and temperature in modifying the crater formation process. Finally, heavily fractured craters and lava‐embayed craters are found to have higher than average densities along the major fracture belts and rifted uplands connecting Aphrodite Terra and Atla, Beta, Themis, and Phoebe regiones. These craters thus provide physical evidence for recent volcanic and tectonic activity at a low level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/92JE01246","usgsCitation":"Schaber, G.G., Strom, R., Moore, H., Soderblom, L.A., Kirk, R.L., Chadwick, D., Dawson, D., Gaddis, L., Boyce, J.M., and Russell, J.F., 1992, The geology and distribution of impact craters on Venus: What are they telling us?: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 97, no. E8, p. 13257-13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JE01246.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"13257","endPage":"13301","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"97","issue":"E8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c5be4b034bf6a856a31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chadwick, D.J.","contributorId":211390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, D.D.","contributorId":31180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":93178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boyce, J. M.","contributorId":85952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Russell, Joel F.","contributorId":80331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70210201,"text":"70210201 - 1992 - Kenya Rift International Seismic Project, 1989–1990 experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T13:33:53.24483","indexId":"70210201","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-20T08:22:02","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kenya Rift International Seismic Project, 1989–1990 experiment","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Ever since Gregory's work at the turn of the century, the extensional structures extending through central Kenya have been recognized as the classic example of a continental rift zone. Because of the scale and variety of rift features present, this locality has fascinated geologists and geophysicists since its discovery.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91EO00265","usgsCitation":"Keller, G.R., Braile, L., Davis, P., Meyer, R., and Mooney, W.D., 1992, Kenya Rift International Seismic Project, 1989–1990 experiment: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 73, no. 33, p. 345-351, https://doi.org/10.1029/91EO00265.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"73","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, G. Randy","contributorId":40602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braile, L.W.","contributorId":85332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braile","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, R.P.","contributorId":39146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017151,"text":"70017151 - 1992 - Formation of harzburgite by pervasive melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T15:43:47.036017","indexId":"70017151","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of harzburgite by pervasive melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle","docAbstract":"Many mantle peridotite samples are too rich in SiO2 (in the form of orthopyroxene) and have ratios of light to heavy rare earth elements that are too high to be consistent with an origin as the residuum of partial melting of the primitive mantle. Trace element studies of melt/rock reaction zones in the Trinity peridotite provide evidence for reaction of the mantle lithosphere with ascending melts, which dissolved calcium-pyroxene and precipitated orthopyroxene as magma mass decreased. This process can account for the observed major and trace element compositions of lithospheric mantle samples, and may accordingly be prevalent in the upper mantle.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/358635a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kelemen, P., Dick, H., and Quick, J.E., 1992, Formation of harzburgite by pervasive melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle: Nature, v. 358, no. 6388, p. 635-641, https://doi.org/10.1038/358635a0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"641","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"6388","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1351e4b0c8380cd545ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelemen, P.B.","contributorId":107034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelemen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dick, H.J.B.","contributorId":7012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"H.J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017166,"text":"70017166 - 1992 - An earthquake mechanism based on rapid sealing of faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T15:47:32.194071","indexId":"70017166","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An earthquake mechanism based on rapid sealing of faults","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent seismological, heat flow and stress measurements in active fault zones such as the San Andreas have led to the suggestion</span><sup>1,2</sup><span>&nbsp;that such zones can be relatively weak. One explanation for this may be the presence of overpressured fluids along the fault</span><sup>3–5</sup><span>, which would reduce the shear stress required for sliding by partially 'floating' the rock. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for overpressurizing fault fluids</span><sup>3,4,6,7</sup><span>, we recall that 'pressure seals' are known to form in both sedimentary</span><sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;and igneous</span><sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;rocks by the redistribution of materials in solution; the formation of such a seal along the boundaries of a fault will prevent the communication of fluids between the porous, deforming fault zone and the surrounding country rock. Compaction of fault gouge, under hydrostatic loading and/or during shear, elevates pore pressure in the sealed fault and allows sliding at low shear stress. We report the results of laboratory sliding experiments on granite, which demonstrate that the sliding resistance of faults can be significantly decreased by sealing and compaction. The weakening that results from shear-induced compaction can be rapid, and may provide an instability mechanism for earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/358574a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Blanpied, M., Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1992, An earthquake mechanism based on rapid sealing of faults: Nature, v. 358, no. 6387, p. 574-576, https://doi.org/10.1038/358574a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"6387","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea24e4b0c8380cd48678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanpied, M.L.","contributorId":61961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanpied","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204732,"text":"70204732 - 1992 - Alternate reproductive strategies in the California gull","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-12T12:45:46","indexId":"70204732","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-12T12:40:34","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1603,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate reproductive strategies in the California gull","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analysed 6 years of reproduction data for 176 California gulls (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Larus californicus</i><span>) surviving from 1980 to 1988. Using a statistical model adapted from Rao's (1958) and Tucker's (1966) generalized growth curve analysis, we reconstructed the reproductive patterns of gulls aged from 0 to 26 years. Individuals were highly consistent in following one of two patterns of reproduction. In a primary pattern employed by most gulls, individuals skipped breeding less frequently and laid larger clutches as they aged. Clutch size increased to a plateau and remained at high levels throughout remaining life. In an alternate pattern employed by a smaller subset of the sample, clutch size also increased to a plateau. However, as a result of frequent skipping of breeding and smaller clutches, this plateau was considerably lower compared to that of gulls adopting the primary reproductive pattern. Data on fledging success from 1980 and 1984 were consistent with the finding of two reproductive patterns. Gulls adopting the alternate reproductive pattern produce fewer offspring per breeding attempt but survive longer than gulls adopting the primary pattern. The frequency of gulls employing the alternate pattern will increase with age relative to gulls employing the primary pattern. The alternate pattern, and not senescence, may explain why several cross-sectional studies on seabirds report declines among the oldest breeders in measures of clutch size, egg mass, hatching success, and fledging success.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02270965","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., and Wood, P., 1992, Alternate reproductive strategies in the California gull: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 279-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02270965.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bamforth Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.75576782226562,\n              41.374232293915426\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.72486877441406,\n              41.374232293915426\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.72486877441406,\n              41.401020532631264\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75576782226562,\n              41.401020532631264\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75576782226562,\n              41.374232293915426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.","contributorId":37857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138207,"text":"70138207 - 1992 - Seismic constraints on the nature of lower crustal reflectors beneath the extending Southern Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-15T13:03:16","indexId":"70138207","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-10T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic constraints on the nature of lower crustal reflectors beneath the extending Southern Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determine the reflection polarity and exploit variations in <i>P</i> and <i>S</i> wave reflectivity and <i>P</i> wave amplitude versus offset (AVO) to constrain the origin of lower crustal reflectivity observed on new three-component seismic data recorded across the structural transition of the Colorado Plateau. The near vertical incidence reflection data were collected by Stanford University in 1989 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific to Arizona Crustal Experiment that traversed the Arizona Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau. The results of independent waveform modeling methods are consistent with much of the lower crustal reflectivity resulting from thin, high-impedance layers. The reflection polarity of the cleanest lower crustal events is positive, which implies that these reflections result from high-velocity contrasts, and the waveform character indicates that the reflectors are probably layers less than or approximately equal to 200 m thick. The lower crustal events are generally less reflective to incident&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;waves than to&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;waves, which agrees with the predicted behavior of high-velocity mafic layering. Analysis of the&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave AVO character of lower crustal reflections demonstrates that the events maintain a constant amplitude with offset, which is most consistent with a mafic-layering model. One exception is a high-amplitude (10 dB above background) event near the base of lower crustal reflectivity which abruptly decreases in amplitude at increasing offsets. The event has a pronounced S wave response, which along with its negative AVO trend is a possible indication of the presence of fluids in the lower crust. The Arizona Transition Zone is an active but weakly extended province, which causes us to discard models of lower crustal layering resulting from shearing because of the high degree of strain required to create such layers. Instead, we favor horizontal basaltic intrusions as the primary origin of high-impedance reflectors based on (1) The fact that most xenoliths in eruptive basalts of the Transition Zone are of mafic igneous composition, (2) indications that a pulse of magmatic activity crossed the Transition Zone in the late Tertiary period, and (3) the high regional heat flow observed in the Transition Zone. The apparent presence of fluids near the base of the reflective zone may indicate a partially molten intrusion. We present a mechanism by which magma can be trapped and be induced to intrude horizontally at rheologic contrasts in extending crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/92JB00947","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Howie, J.M., and Thompson, G.A., 1992, Seismic constraints on the nature of lower crustal reflectors beneath the extending Southern Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau, Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B9, p. 12391-12407, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB00947.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"12391","endPage":"12407","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/92JB00947/abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","volume":"97","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c4ee4b08de9379b371a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howie, John M.","contributorId":138754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, George A.","contributorId":94288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127014,"text":"70127014 - 1992 - Is an instream flow need a beneficial use?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T13:13:06","indexId":"70127014","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-06T13:10:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Is an instream flow need a beneficial use?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Water Resources Session at Water Forum '92 Water Resources Planning and Management: Saving a threatened resource, in search of solutions","conferenceTitle":"Saving a threatened resource, in search of solutions","conferenceDate":"1992-08-02T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1992, Is an instream flow need a beneficial use?, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ebee4b0e641df8a706e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017153,"text":"70017153 - 1992 - Post-rifting stress relaxation at the divergent plate boundary in northeast Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T15:54:28.38817","indexId":"70017153","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-rifting stress relaxation at the divergent plate boundary in northeast Iceland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interaction of the elastic lithosphere with the underlying anelastic asthenosphere causes strain to propagate along the Earth's surface in a diffusion-like manner following tectonism at plate boundaries. This process transfers stress between adjacent tectonic segments and influences the temporal tectonic pattern along a plate boundary. Observations of such strain transients have been rare, and have hitherto been confined to strike-slip and underthrusting plate boundaries</span><sup>1</sup><span>. Here we report the observation of a strain transient at the divergent (spreading) plate boundary in Iceland. A Global Positioning System survey undertaken a decade after an episode of dyke intrusion accompanying several metres of crustal spreading reveals a spatially varying strain field with the expected diffusion-pulse shape and an amplitude three times greater than the 5.7 cm that would be expected from the average spreading rate</span><sup>2</sup><span>. A simple one-dimensional model with a thin elastic layer overlying a viscous layer fits the data well and yields a stress diffusivity of 1.1 á±0.3 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Combined with struc-tural information from magnetotelluric measurements, this implies a viscosity of 0.3−2 × 10</span><sup>19</sup><span>&nbsp;Pa s—a value comparable to that derived for Iceland from post-glacial rebound</span><sup>23</sup><span>, but low compared with estimates for mantle viscosity obtained elsewhere</span><sup>3</sup><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/358488a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., Jahn, C., Seeber, G., Einarsson, P., Julian, B., and Heki, K., 1992, Post-rifting stress relaxation at the divergent plate boundary in northeast Iceland: Nature, v. 358, no. 6386, p. 488-490, https://doi.org/10.1038/358488a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"490","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1604097","text":"External Repository"},{"id":224870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -17.577177248035213,\n              66.5361267635312\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.577177248035213,\n              65.49050590935727\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.061791332678666,\n              65.49050590935727\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.061791332678666,\n              66.5361267635312\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.577177248035213,\n              66.5361267635312\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"358","issue":"6386","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e6fe4b0c8380cd7a53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahn, C.-H.","contributorId":91995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahn","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeber, G.","contributorId":61573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Einarsson, P.","contributorId":96018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einarsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heki, K.","contributorId":96838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70127591,"text":"70127591 - 1992 - Are high and low flow habitat values really the same?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T12:58:44","indexId":"70127591","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-05T12:53:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Are high and low flow habitat values really the same?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Water resources planning and management: saving a threatened resource - in search of solutions","conferenceTitle":"Water resources planning and management: saving a threatened resource - in search of solutions","conferenceDate":"1992-08-02T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., 1992, Are high and low flow habitat values really the same?, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc61fe4b0abfb4c809702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, T.J.","contributorId":90240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70072651,"text":"70072651 - 1992 - WSPRO files for slope-area computations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-15T15:34:59","indexId":"70072651","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T15:30:29","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"WSPRO files for slope-area computations","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic engineering: saving a threatened resource: in search of solutions","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering Sessions at Water Forum ’92","conferenceDate":"1992-08-02T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1992, WSPRO files for slope-area computations, p. 330-334.","productDescription":"p. 330-334","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281121,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?78128"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b43e4b0b2908510e07b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall","contributorId":111352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509696,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhowmik, Nani G.","contributorId":113935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhowmik","given":"Nani","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509697,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70127010,"text":"70127010 - 1992 - Describing Willow Flycatcher habitats: scale perspectives and gender differences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T12:55:21","indexId":"70127010","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T12:53:30","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Describing Willow Flycatcher habitats: scale perspectives and gender differences","docAbstract":"We compared habitat characteristics of nest sites (female-selected sites) and song perch sites (male-selected sites) with those of sites unused by Willow Flycatchers (<i>Empidonax traillii</i>) at three different scales of vegetation measurement: (1) microplot (central willow [<i>Salix</i> spp.] bush and four adjacent bushes); (2) mesoplot (0.07 ha); and, (3) macroplot (flycatcher territory size). Willow Flycatchers exhibited vegetation preferences at all three scales. Nest sites were distinguished by high willow density and low variability in willow patch size and bush height. Song perch sites were characterized by large central shrubs, low central shrub vigor, and high variability in shrub size. Unused sites were characterized by greater distances between willows and willow patches, less willow coverage, and a smaller riparian zone width than either nest or song perch sites. At all scales, nest sites were situated farther from unused sites in multivariate habitat space than were song perch sites, suggesting (1) a correspondence among scales in their ability to describe Willow Flycatcher habitat, and (2) females are more discriminating in habitat selection than males. Microhabitat differences between male-selected (song perch) and female-selected (nest) sites were evident at the two smaller scales; at the finest scale, the segregation in habitat space between male-selected and female-selected sites was greater than that between male-selected and unused sites. Differences between song perch and nest sites were not apparent at the scale of flycatcher territory size, possibly due to inclusion of (1) both nest and song perch sites, (2) defended, but unused habitat, and/or (3) habitat outside of the territory, in larger scale analyses. The differences between nest and song perch sites at the finer scales reflect their different functions (e.g., nest concealment and microclimatic requirements vs. advertising and territorial defense, respectively), and suggest that the exclusive use of either nest or song perch sites in vegetation analyses can result in misleading, or at least incomplete, descriptions of a species' habitat. Habitat interpretations for Willow Flycatchers (and perhaps for many passerines) are a function of the gender-specific behavior of the birds observed and the scale of vegetation measurement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.2307/1369257","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Knopf, F., 1992, Describing Willow Flycatcher habitats: scale perspectives and gender differences: The Condor, v. 94, no. 3, p. 720-733, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369257.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"733","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294523,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369257"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eaae4b0e641df8a6f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":55350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}