{"pageNumber":"4235","pageRowStart":"105850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":5222938,"text":"5222938 - 1992 - Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T17:37:48.847249","indexId":"5222938","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"Concentrations of over 100 ppm (100 mg/kg) selenium (Se) have been found in aquatic food chains associated with irrigation drainwater. Both quantity and composition of dietary protein for wild ducklings may vary in selenium-contaminated environments. Day-old mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received one of the following diets containing 22% protein: unsupplemented (controls), 15 ppm Se (as selenomethionine), 60 ppm Se, methionine supplemented, 15 ppm Se with methionine supplement, or 60 ppm Se with methionine supplement. In a second concurrent experiment the above sequence was repeated with a protein-restricted (11%) but isocaloric diet. In a third concurrent experiment all ducklings received 44% protein with 0, 15, or 60 ppm Se added. After 4 weeks, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. With 22% protein and 60 ppm Se in the diet, duckling survival and growth was reduced and histopathological lesions of the liver occurred. Antagonistic interactive effects occurred between supplementary methionine and Se, including complete to partial alleviation of the following Se effects by methionine: mortality, hepatic lesions, and altered glutathione and thiol status. With 11% protein, growth of controls was less than that with 22% protein, Se (60 ppm) caused 100% mortality, and methionine supplementation, although protective afforded less protection than it did with 22% protein. With 44% protein, ducklings experienced physiological stress, and Se was more toxic than with methionine-supplemented 22% protein. These findings suggest the potential for antagonistic effects of Se, methionine, and protein on duckling survival and physiology.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212270","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Sanderson, C.J., LeCaptain, L.J., Cromartie, E., and Pendleton, G.W., 1992, Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 163-171, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212270.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanderson, C. J.","contributorId":16531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cromartie, Eugene","contributorId":66672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cromartie","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70243320,"text":"70243320 - 1992 - An implosive component in the seismic moment tensor of a mining-Induced tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T17:08:18.255455","indexId":"70243320","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T11:42:52","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An implosive component in the seismic moment tensor of a mining-Induced tremor","docAbstract":"<p><span>In early 1988, a special study in one of the major South African gold fields yielded seismograms that indicate seismic moment tensors having substantial implosive components. The moment tensor, resulting from the inversion of the ground motion data from the best-recorded event, was decomposed into isotropic and deviatoric components from which both the coseismic volumetric closure Δ</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;and the total shear deformation&nbsp;</span><i>AD</i><span>, where&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;is fault area and&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;is average slip, could be estimated. The finding here that Δ</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;∼&nbsp;</span><i>AD</i><span>&nbsp;is consistent with earlier analyses of how the tabular mine stopes interact with the surrounding rock mass to produce seismic deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92GL01581","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1992, An implosive component in the seismic moment tensor of a mining-Induced tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, no. 15, p. 1579-1582, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL01581.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":205450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70202997,"text":"70202997 - 1992 - Selective dipnetting of largemouth bass during electrofishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T10:56:13","indexId":"70202997","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T10:54:43","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective dipnetting of largemouth bass during electrofishing","docAbstract":"<p><span>We electrofished 10 north‐central Texas reservoirs from 1987 through 1990 by either dipnetting all electroshocked fish (intensive dipnetting) or selectively dipnetting only fish visually identified as largemouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>. We compared selected indices of population structure (proportional stock density, relative stock density, and young–adult ratio) and abundance (catch per unit effort) for largemouth bass derived from data obtained with these two dipnetting techniques. No significant differences (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.17) were detected between intensive dipnetting and selective dipnetting for any of these indices of population structure, Similarly, neither the total number of largemouth bass collected per hour nor the number of small largemouth bass (&lt;20 cm total length) collected per hour differed significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.31) between dipnetting techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1992)012<0609:SDOLBD>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., Guest, W.C., and Farquhar, B.W., 1992, Selective dipnetting of largemouth bass during electrofishing: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 12, no. 3, p. 609-611, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1992)012<0609:SDOLBD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"611","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guest, W. Clell","contributorId":214766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guest","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farquhar, Bobby W.","contributorId":214767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquhar","given":"Bobby","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016313,"text":"70016313 - 1992 - The role of water in the formation of reversed micelles: An antimicellization agent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T23:25:07.462888","indexId":"70016313","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2605,"text":"Langmuir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of water in the formation of reversed micelles: An antimicellization agent","docAbstract":"<p>Micellization of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate in n-heptane has been studied under controlled environmental conditions by dynamic and static light scattering. The results clearly show that a trace amount of water has a very dramatic effect on reversed micellization. In contrast with results in the literature, water can function as an antimicellization agent. The generality of and the evidence for supporting the current view that water is a prerequisite for the formation of reversed micelles are discussed and criticized.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/la00044a002","issn":"07437463","usgsCitation":"Yu, Z., Zhou, N., and Neuman, R.D., 1992, The role of water in the formation of reversed micelles: An antimicellization agent: Langmuir, v. 8, no. 8, p. 1885-1888, https://doi.org/10.1021/la00044a002.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1885","endPage":"1888","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa4e4b08c986b324948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Z.-J.","contributorId":97639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Z.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, N.-F.","contributorId":79242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"N.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuman, R. D.","contributorId":27199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185473,"text":"70185473 - 1992 - Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:42:49","indexId":"70185473","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities","docAbstract":"<p>Hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>) variability in a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, was measured and subsequently used in stochastic transport theories to estimate macrodispersivities. Nearly 1500 <i>K</i> measurements were obtained by borehole flowmeter tests and permeameter analyses of cores. The geometric mean for the flowmeter tests (0.11 cm/s) is similar to that estimated from other field tests. The mean for the permeameter tests (0.035 cm/s) is significantly lower, possibly because of compaction of the cores. The variance for the flowmeter (0.24) is also greater than that for the permeameter (0.14). Geostatistical analyses applying negative exponential models with and without nuggets reveal similar spatial correlation structures for the two data sets. Estimated correlation scales range from 2.9 to 8 m in the horizontal and from 0.18 to 0.38 m in the vertical. Estimates of asymptotic longitudinal dispersivity (b.35–0.78 m) are similar in magnitude to that observed in the natural gradient tracer test (0.96 m) previously conducted at this site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00668","usgsCitation":"Hess, K.M., Wolf, S.H., and Celia, M.A., 1992, Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 3. Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2011-2027, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00668.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"2011","endPage":"2027","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Otis Air National Guard Base ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.565185546875,\n              41.62750490530729\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.47557830810547,\n              41.62750490530729\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.47557830810547,\n              41.69214238294329\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.565185546875,\n              41.69214238294329\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.565185546875,\n              41.62750490530729\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Kathryn M.","contributorId":49012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Steven H.","contributorId":189682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Celia, Michael A.","contributorId":189683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185483,"text":"70185483 - 1992 - Relation of nickel concentrations in tree rings to groundwater contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:27:42","indexId":"70185483","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of nickel concentrations in tree rings to groundwater contamination","docAbstract":"<p>Increment cores were collected from trees growing at two sites where groundwater is contaminated by nickel. Proton-induced X ray emission spectroscopy was used to determine the nickel concentrations in selected individual rings and in parts of individual rings. Ring nickel concentrations were interpreted on the basis of recent concentrations of nickel in aquifers, historical information about site use activities, and model simulations of groundwater flow. Nickel concentrations in rings increased during years of site use but not in trees outside the contaminated aquifers. Consequently, it was concluded that trees may preserve in their rings an annual record of nickel contamination in groundwater. Tulip trees and oaks contained higher concentrations of nickel than did sassafras, sweet gum, or black cherry. No evidence was found that nickel accumulates consistently within parts of individual rings or that nickel is translocated across ring boundaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR00731","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1992, Relation of nickel concentrations in tree rings to groundwater contamination: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2077-2083, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00731.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2077","endPage":"2083","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007905,"text":"1007905 - 1992 - Recruitment of seedlings and vegetative sprouts in unburned chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T14:38:15.083578","indexId":"1007905","displayToPublicDate":"1992-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recruitment of seedlings and vegetative sprouts in unburned chaparral","docAbstract":"<p><span>Age structure of 12 stands of chaparral, unburned for 56—120 yr, was investigated. All shrubs produced discernible growth rings, and ring counts on stems from stands of known age, plus synchrony in annual growth ring width among species in the same stand, were taken as evidence that growth rings represented annual rings. Species that survive fire by vegetative regeneration from the root crown were capable, in the absence of fire, of continuously regenerating their canopy with basal sprouts. These multistemmed resprouting species had an uneven age structure, indicating continuous recruitment of new stems into the population. The predicted age distribution for resprouting shrub stem populations illustrated very different patterns for species within the same stand and for the same species in different stands. In most resprouting shrubs, &lt;15% of the stems dated back to the first decade after fire, and in many species the majority of stems were &lt;10 yr of age. This contrasts with obligate seeding shrubs that do not initiate new stems from the root crown, and for which, in undisturbed chaparral, 100% of the stems date back to the years immediately following the last fire. Seedling recruitment was abundant in seven of these old chaparral communities. Species with abundant seedling populations, ranging from 1000 to 37 500 individuals/ha, were Quercus dumosa, Q. wislizenii, Rhammus crocea, Prunus ilicifolia, Heteromeles arbutifolia and Cercocarpus betuloides. These species share the characteristic of regenerating after fire solely by resprouting, and seldom recruit seedlings during the first few decades after fire. Thus, it is concluded that these postfire obligate resprouters require long fire—free periods for successful reproduction and potential population expansion. For all but the last species, seedlings were most abundant in stands with a closed canopy and deep litter layer. Safe sites for establishment were not in gaps, although gaps may be important for successful recruitment of saplings into the adult population. For all sprouting species the actual age distribution of seedlings and saplings indicated that recruitment did not occur every year; mortality was high but most populations had some saplings that survived beyond the first decade. For all postfire seeding taxa, viz., Adenostoma, Arctostaphylos, and Ceanothus, no significant seeding recruitment was observed in these ancient communities. Seedlings of woodland tree species had colonized several of these old chaparral communities; however, even in stands a century old, successional replacement of chaparral was not imminent.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940669","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1992, Recruitment of seedlings and vegetative sprouts in unburned chaparral: Ecology, v. 73, p. 1194-1208, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940669.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171323,"text":"70171323 - 1992 - Landslides triggered by Hurricane Hugo in eastern Puerto Rico, September 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:26:24","indexId":"70171323","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-31T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1185,"text":"Caribbean Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides triggered by Hurricane Hugo in eastern Puerto Rico, September 1989","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the morning of September 18, 1989, a category-four hurricane struck eastern Puerto Rico with a sustained wind speed in excess of 46 m/s. The 24-h rainfall accumulation from the hurricane ranged from 100 to 339 mm. Average rainfall intensities ranging from 34 to 39 mm/h were calculated for 4 and 6 h periods, respectively, at a rain gage equipped with satellite telemetry, and at an observer station. The hurricane rainfall triggered more than 400 landslides in the steeply sloping, highly dissected mountains of eastern Puerto Rico. Of these landslides, 285 were mapped from aerial photography which covered 6474 ha. Many of the mapped landslides were on northeast- and northwest-facing slopes at the eastern terminus of the mountains, nearest the hurricane path. The surface area of individual landslides ranged from 18 m2 to 4500 m2, with a median size of 148 m2. The 285 landslides disturbed 0.11% of the land surface in the area covered by aerial photographs. An approximate denudation rate of 164 mm/1000 y was calculated from the volume of material eroded by landsliding and the 10-y rainfall recurrence interval.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Puerto Rico","publisherLocation":"Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","issn":"0008-6452","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 1992, Landslides triggered by Hurricane Hugo in eastern Puerto Rico, September 1989: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 113-125.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e37e4b07e28b664dbd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, Angel J. 0000-0002-5595-021X ajtorres@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-021X","contributorId":5623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"Angel","email":"ajtorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205175,"text":"70205175 - 1992 - Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:23:03","indexId":"70205175","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-31T09:30:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Direct or indirect Al toxicity has been suggested as a principal factor in forest tree declines. We monitored ambient soil solutions in undisturbed and experimentally manipulated soils from a fir [</span><i>Abies balsamea</i><span>&nbsp;(L.) Mill.]-spruce forest on Whiteface Mountain, NY, in order to characterize soil solution Al concentrations over a range of acid anion loadings. Under both natural and experimental conditions total Al and labile Al concentrations rarely exceeded values (180–250 µmol L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) associated with reduced root growth in red spruce (</span><i>Picea rubens</i><span>&nbsp;Sarg.). Over a 2-yr period ambient soil solutions averaged 76 and 46 µmol L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;total Al in the organic and mineral horizons, respectively. The highest monthly mean concentrations occurred in winter. Disturbance-induced NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;accumulation and simulated acid rain applications produced higher peak Al values in experimental plots than were observed in undisturbed and untreated plots. Although soils of the fir-spruce zone exhibited the potential to yield solutions with phytotoxic Al concentrations, it appears that such concentrations are both spatially and temporally limited and infrequently present a direct stress to root growth in red spruce.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030007x","usgsCitation":"Miller, E.K., Huntington, T.G., Johnson, A., and Friedland, A.J., 1992, Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, no. 3, p. 345-352, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030007x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mount Esther, White Face Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.1412353515625,\n              44.32876014234562\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.78555297851562,\n              44.32876014234562\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.78555297851562,\n              44.584599008752015\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1412353515625,\n              44.584599008752015\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1412353515625,\n              44.32876014234562\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, E. K.","contributorId":218777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A. H.","contributorId":49645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedland, A. J.","contributorId":28430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243316,"text":"70243316 - 1992 - Natural selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T16:10:14.7624","indexId":"70243316","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-23T11:05:34","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural selection","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/358272b0","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A.G., 1992, Natural selection: Nature, v. 358, p. 272-272, https://doi.org/10.1038/358272b0.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, Allan Goddard","contributorId":59798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Goddard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157392,"text":"70157392 - 1992 - Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T12:55:44","indexId":"70157392","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-15T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"USGS-TR-92-01","title":"Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1991","docAbstract":"<p>An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, 1992, Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1991: Technical Report USGS-TR-92-01, v, 70 p.","productDescription":"v, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb2e4b03bc34f5447f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":572955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211101,"text":"70211101 - 1992 - Dynamics of Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T19:05:03.654455","indexId":"70211101","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-14T13:49:01","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3355,"text":"Scientific American","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the longest volcanic eruptions in recorded history began in 1983. Lava flows from Kilauea have since added 120 hectares of new land to the island of Hawaii and covered 100 square kilometres. Kilauea is one of the most thoroughly studied volcanoes in the world. That scrutiny is helping scientists to understand how volcanoes work and to predict where other destructive eruptions might occur. Moreover, the volcano offers a unique window into the workings of the earth's interior.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/scientificamerican0892-46","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., Johnson, C., and Tilling, R.I., 1992, Dynamics of Kilauea Volcano: Scientific American, v. 267, no. 2, p. 46-53, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0892-46.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.48263549804685,\n              19.233363381183896\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.02120971679688,\n              19.233363381183896\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.02120971679688,\n              19.576611805040425\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.48263549804685,\n              19.576611805040425\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.48263549804685,\n              19.233363381183896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"267","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carl","contributorId":102085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186251,"text":"70186251 - 1992 - Deep seismic sounding in northern Eurasia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T13:21:50.760763","indexId":"70186251","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep seismic sounding in northern Eurasia","docAbstract":"<p><span>For nearly 40 years, the former Soviet Union has carried out an extensive program of seismic studies of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, known as “Deep Seismic Sounding” or DSS [</span><i>Piwinskii</i><span>, 1979; </span><i>Zverev and Kosminskaya</i><span>, 1980; </span><i>Egorkin and Pavlenkova</i><span>, 1981; </span><i>Egorkin and Chernyshov</i><span>, 1983; </span><i>Scheimer and Borg</i><span>, 1985]. Beginning in 1939–1940 with a series of small-scale seismic experiments near Moscow, DSS profiling has broadened into a national multiinstitutional exploration effort that has completed almost 150,000 km of profiles covering all major geological provinces of northern Eurasia [Ryaboy, 1989].</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91EO00233","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., Unger, J.D., Leith, W., Mooney, W.D., Solodilov, L., Egorkin, A., and Ryaboy, V., 1992, Deep seismic sounding in northern Eurasia: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 73, no. 28, p. 297-300, https://doi.org/10.1029/91EO00233.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"297","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f92e4b09da67997ed2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unger, J. D.","contributorId":10824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leith, W.S.","contributorId":190277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leith","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solodilov, L.","contributorId":190278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solodilov","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Egorkin, A.V.","contributorId":190279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egorkin","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryaboy, V.Z.","contributorId":190280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryaboy","given":"V.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70017279,"text":"70017279 - 1992 - Quantitative solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses of wood xylen: Effect of increasing carbohydrate content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T21:23:36.633395","indexId":"70017279","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses of wood xylen: Effect of increasing carbohydrate content","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isolated lignin with a low carbohydrate content was spiked with increasing amounts of alpha-cellulose, and then analysed by solid-state&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using cross-polarization with magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and dipolar dephasing methods in order to assess the quantitative reliability of CPMAS measurement of carbohydrate content and to determine how increasingly intense resonances for carbohydrate carbons affect calculations of the degree of lignin's aromatic ring substitution and methoxyl carbon content. Comparisons were made of the carbohydrate content calculated by NMR with carbohydrate concentrations obtained by phenol-sulfuric acid assay and by the calculation from the known amounts of cellulose added. The NMR methods used in this study yield overestimates for carbohydrate carbons due to resonance area overlap from the aliphatic side chain carbons of lignin. When corrections are made for these overlapping resonance areas, the NMR results agree very well with results obtained by other methods. Neither the calculated methoxyl carbon content nor the degree of aromatic ring substitution in lignin, both calculated from dipolar dephasing spectra, change with cellulose content. Likewise, lignin methoxyl content does not correlate with cellulose abundance when measured by integration of CPMAS spectra.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(92)90103-5","usgsCitation":"Bates, A.L., and Hatcher, P.G., 1992, Quantitative solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses of wood xylen: Effect of increasing carbohydrate content: Organic Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 4, p. 407-416, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(92)90103-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"416","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9231e4b0c8380cd80704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bates, Anne L. 0000-0002-4875-4675 abates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":2789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Anne","email":"abates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221643,"text":"70221643 - 1992 - Closure of the Isthmus of Panama: The near-shore marine record of Costa Rica and western Panama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T21:58:20.664973","indexId":"70221643","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T16:54:12","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closure of the Isthmus of Panama: The near-shore marine record of Costa Rica and western Panama","docAbstract":"<p>The final closure of the Isthmus of Panama at ∼3.5 Ma divided the American tropical ocean into two separate and different oceanographic regions. Consequences for the marine biota were profound, but, hitherto, correlation of the Pacific and Caribbean coastal sections has not been precise enough to track biologic patterns. We present here a correlation of 31 sections from the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Costa Rica and western Panama. Using calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera at both the tops and bottoms of each formation, we estimate that the Caribbean section ranges from 8.2 Ma to 1.7 Ma; and the Pacific sequence, from 3.6 Ma to &lt;1.7 Ma. These intervals bracket postulated dates for final closure of the Isthmus and provide the first well-dated record of middle and late Pliocene faunas from the region.</p><p>The Caribbean and Pacific sections include very different environments of deposition, yet there is sufficient overlap and diversity of habitats to permit meaningful biological comparisons. On the Caribbean side, formations tied together by the overlap of the upper Pliocene markers<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sphenolithus abies</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoemiliana lacunosa</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(3.5 Ma to 3.6 Ma) range from very shallow to shallow inner shelf (&lt;200 m) and upper slope (200-800 m). The Pacific coast sections were mostly deposited in a trench slope environment, which is absent on the Caribbean side. These sections fortuitously include abundant thick intra-formational slumps containing shallow-water fauna more appropriate for biological comparison with the Caribbean biota. Similarly, the ∼1.9 Ma to 1.5 Ma interval, well constrained by various taxa, includes middle- to outer-shelf, and inner-shelf to upper-slope deposits on the Caribbean side, and marginal-marine to inner-shelf deposits on the Pacific coast.</p><p>Using our new biostratigraphic framework to correlate previously poorly constrained mollusc collections, we show that evolutionary divergence of the Pacific and Caribbean near-shore marine faunas had occurred by 3.5 Ma. This strongly suggests that the Isthmus was effectively closed by this time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104%3C0814:COTIOP%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Coates, A.G., Jackson, J.B., Collins, L.S., Cronin, T.M., Dowsett, H.J., Bybell, L.M., Jung, P., and Obando, J., 1992, Closure of the Isthmus of Panama: The near-shore marine record of Costa Rica and western Panama: GSA Bulletin, v. 104, no. 7, p. 814-828, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104%3C0814:COTIOP%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"814","endPage":"828","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica, Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              6.970049417296232\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9150390625,\n              6.970049417296232\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9150390625,\n              10.401377554543553\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              10.401377554543553\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              6.970049417296232\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Anthony G.","contributorId":174335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coates","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27419,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Jeremy B. C.","contributorId":121412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Laurel S.","contributorId":174336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27423,"text":"Department of Earth and Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jung, Peter","contributorId":260649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Obando, Jorge","contributorId":260650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obando","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70039220,"text":"70039220 - 1992 - Geologic maps : Portraits of the Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039220","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T14:25:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Geologic maps : Portraits of the Earth","docAbstract":"The picture above is a portrait of many square miles of the Earth's surface. The purpose of this leaflet is to explain how this portrait was made, how it can tell us about what lies beneath the surface of the ground, and other ways in which it can be useful to mankind.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039220","usgsCitation":"White, W., 1992, Geologic maps : Portraits of the Earth: General Information Product, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039220.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261396,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039220/report.pdf"},{"id":261397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180,-90 ], [ -180,90 ], [ 180,90 ], [ 180,-90 ], [ -180,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fc8e4b0c8380cd56974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70073369,"text":"70073369 - 1992 - Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T14:03:11","indexId":"70073369","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T13:59:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis","docAbstract":"Values of average annual precipitation (AAP) are desired for hydrologic studies within a watershed containing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear-waste repository. Reliable values of AAP are not yet available for most areas within this watershed because of a sparsity of precipitation measurements and the need to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time. To estimate AAP over the entire watershed, historical precipitation data and station elevations were obtained from a network of 62 stations in southern Nevada and southeastern California. Multivariate geostatistics (cokriging) was selected as an estimation method because of a significant (p = 0.05) correlation of r = .75 between the natural log of AAP and station elevation. A sample direct variogram for the transformed variable, TAAP = ln [(AAP) 1000], was fitted with an isotropic, spherical model defined by a small nugget value of 5000, a range of 190 000 ft, and a sill value equal to the sample variance of 163 151. Elevations for 1531 additional locations were obtained from topographic maps to improve the accuracy of cokriged estimates. A sample direct variogram for elevation was fitted with an isotropic model consisting of a nugget value of 5500 and three nested transition structures: a Gaussian structure with a range of 61 000 ft, a spherical structure with a range of 70 000 ft, and a quasi-stationary, linear structure. The use of an isotropic, stationary model for elevation was considered valid within a sliding-neighborhood radius of 120 000 ft. The problem of fitting a positive-definite, nonlinear model of coregionalization to an inconsistent sample cross variogram for TAAP and elevation was solved by a modified use of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. A selected cross-variogram model consisted of two nested structures: a Gaussian structure with a range of 61 000 ft and a spherical structure with a range of 190 000 ft. Cross validation was used for model selection and for comparing the geostatistical model with six alternate estimation methods. Multivariate geostatistics provided the best cross-validation results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., Istok, J.D., and Flint, A.L., 1992, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part I: structural analysis: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 661-676, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:peimtu>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0661:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7402,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,35.1918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c53e4b0b290851047b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127047,"text":"70127047 - 1992 - Cavity turnover and equilibrium cavity densities in a cottonwood bottomland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:39:45","indexId":"70127047","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T13:58:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cavity turnover and equilibrium cavity densities in a cottonwood bottomland","docAbstract":"A fundamental factor regulating the numbers of secondary cavity nesting (SCN) birds is the number of extant cavities available for nesting. The number of available cavities may be thought of as being in an approximate equilibrium maintained by a very rough balance between recruitment and loss of cavities. Based on estimates of cavity recruitment and loss, we ascertained equilibrium cavity densities in a mature plains cottonwood (<i>Populus sargentii</i>) bottomland along the South Platte River in northeastern Colorado. Annual cavity recruitment, derived from density estimates of primary cavity nesting (PCN) birds and cavity excavation rates, was estimated to be 71-86 new cavities excavated/100 ha. Of 180 active cavities of 11 species of cavity-nesting birds found in 1985 and 1986, 83 were no longer usable by 1990, giving an average instantaneous rate of cavity loss of r = -0.230. From these values of cavity recruitment and cavity loss, equilibrium cavity density along the South Platte is 238-289 cavities/100 ha. This range of equilibrium cavity density is only slightly above the minimum of 205 cavities/100 ha required by SCN's and suggests that cavity availability may be limiting SCN densities along the South Platte River. We submit that snag management alone does not adequately address SCN habitat needs, and that cavity management, expressed in terms of cavity turnover and cavity densities, may be more useful.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3808862","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Knopf, F., 1992, Cavity turnover and equilibrium cavity densities in a cottonwood bottomland: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 477-484, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808862.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294543,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3808862"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ea7e4b0e641df8a6f25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":55350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073361,"text":"70073361 - 1992 - Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:40:33","indexId":"70073361","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T13:30:56","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2168,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps","docAbstract":"Values of average annual precipitation (AAP) may be important for hydrologic characterization of a potential high-level nuclear-waste repository site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Reliable measurements of AAP are sparse in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, and estimates of AAP were needed for an isohyetal mapping over a 2600-square-mile watershed containing Yucca Mountain. Estimates were obtained with a multivariate geostatistical model developed using AAP and elevation data from a network of 42 precipitation stations in southern Nevada and southeastern California. An additional 1531 elevations were obtained to improve estimation accuracy. Isohyets representing estimates obtained using univariate geostatistics (kriging) defined a smooth and continuous surface. Isohyets representing estimates obtained using multivariate geostatistics (cokriging) defined an irregular surface that more accurately represented expected local orographic influences on AAP. Cokriging results included a maximum estimate within the study area of 335 mm at an elevation of 7400 ft, an average estimate of 157 mm for the study area, and an average estimate of 172 mm at eight locations in the vicinity of the potential repository site. Kriging estimates tended to be lower in comparison because the increased AAP expected for remote mountainous topography was not adequately represented by the available sample. Regression results between cokriging estimates and elevation were similar to regression results between measured AAP and elevation. The position of the cokriging 250-mm isohyet relative to the boundaries of pinyon pine and juniper woodlands provided indirect evidence of improved estimation accuracy because the cokriging result agreed well with investigations by others concerning the relationship between elevation, vegetation, and climate in the Great Basin. Calculated estimation variances were also mapped and compared to evaluate improvements in estimation accuracy. Cokriging estimation variances were reduced by an average of 54% relative to kriging variances within the study area. Cokriging reduced estimation variances at the potential repository site by 55% relative to kriging. The usefulness of an existing network of stations for measuring AAP within the study area was evaluated using cokriging variances, and twenty additional stations were located for the purpose of improving the accuracy of future isohyetal mappings. Using the expanded network of stations, the maximum cokriging estimation variance within the study area was reduced by 78% relative to the existing network, and the average estimation variance was reduced by 52%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., Flint, A.L., and Istok, J.D., 1992, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics. Part II: isohyetal maps: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 677-688, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"688","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:peimtu>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0677:PEIMTU>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":281192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7402,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,39.0021 ], [ -113.9063,35.1918 ], [ -118.7402,35.1918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c53e4b0b290851047b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127011,"text":"70127011 - 1992 - Habitat characteristics at marten subnivean access sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:38:50","indexId":"70127011","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T12:57:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat characteristics at marten subnivean access sites","docAbstract":"The occurrence of coarse woody debris (CWD) at sites of subnivean (under snow) access by martens (<i>Martes americana</i>) has not been quantified adequately, and must be better understood to provide suitable winter habitat management for the species. Consequently, we studied subnivean activity of martens in a subalpine forest in southern Wyoming to determine how subnivean space was accessed, and to examine microhabitat characteristics around entry sites. Martens used existing openings in snow, created primarily by logs at low snow depths and by small live spruce and fir trees at greater snow depths. Sites of marten subnivean entry had greater percent cover (P ≤ 0.01) and total volume of CWD (P ≤ 0.01), greater numbers of log layers (all P ≤ 0.02), greater volume of undecayed (P ≤ 0.05) and moderately decayed logs (P ≤ 0.02), less volume of very decayed logs (P ≤ 0.001), and fewer small root masses (P ≤ 0.001) than surrounding forest stands. Provision of sufficient CWD in winter habitat of martens may require specific effort, particularly in managed forests of the central Rocky Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3808856","usgsCitation":"Corn, J.G., and Raphael, M.G., 1992, Habitat characteristics at marten subnivean access sites: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 442-448, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808856.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3808856"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eb7e4b0e641df8a7018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Janelle G.","contributorId":46430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Janelle","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raphael, Martin G.","contributorId":31322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raphael","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70226728,"text":"70226728 - 1992 - Structure of the Reelfoot rift as interpreted from 2-D magnetotelluric models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T17:53:53.278931","indexId":"70226728","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T11:39:12","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the Reelfoot rift as interpreted from 2-D magnetotelluric models","docAbstract":"<p><span>The results of magnetotelluric (MT) surveys reveal structures associated with the Reelfoot rift, including an axial high-resistivity structure that may be related to intrusions in the central part of the rift or to a previously unrecognized horst. The axis of this resistivity high generally follows the central part of the Reelfoot rift, but its orientation is offset several degrees from the enigmatic Blytheville arch. The MT structural high follows the main part of a northeast-trending seismicity belt, but in the New Madrid, Missouri area electrical structures are more complicated. In this northern part of the study area, the strike of resistivity structures determined from the MT data indicate a nearly north-south direction, rather than the N45°E direction indicated for most of the data. If the axial high-resistivity structure represents a horst, then it may form an interior divide between thick shale basins. Faults bounding the proposed horst may be a controlling factor for the northeast trending seismic zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.63.3.223","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W., and Rodriguez, B.D., 1992, Structure of the Reelfoot rift as interpreted from 2-D magnetotelluric models: Seismological Research Letters, v. 63, no. 3, p. 223-232, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.63.3.223.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri,  Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Reelfoot rift-New Madrid region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, William D.","contributorId":23274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243349,"text":"70243349 - 1992 - Comment and Reply on \"Galápagos Islands: A Holocene analogue to the Wallowa accreted terrane, western North America\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T14:48:25.074292","indexId":"70243349","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T09:40:46","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment and Reply on \"Galápagos Islands: A Holocene analogue to the Wallowa accreted terrane, western North America\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0661:CAROGP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, G.D., Vallier, T.L., and Malmquist, D.L., 1992, Comment and Reply on \"Galápagos Islands: A Holocene analogue to the Wallowa accreted terrane, western North America\": Geology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 661-662, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0661:CAROGP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"662","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galápagos Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.74765351197465,\n              0.6572337824759273\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.36893607359893,\n              0.19250890998182513\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.42274794901556,\n              0.13869726131420634\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.49612777912864,\n              0.1289133106581346\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.54015567719675,\n              0.04574960710155551\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61842749598378,\n              0.021289668102014048\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6771313600744,\n              -0.3064721111444726\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6771313600744,\n              -0.40920185599877357\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6331034620063,\n              -0.48747127242761223\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.49612777912864,\n              -0.8201043785293365\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.55483164321923,\n              -0.8885846021825898\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.47655982443159,\n              -0.9864112667987257\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.43742391503807,\n              -1.045105903434731\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3004482321604,\n              -1.045105903434731\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19771647000172,\n              -1.0842350556240774\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.97268499098848,\n              -0.9913025269096067\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.91398112689791,\n              -0.9913025269096067\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53729799898392,\n              -1.3385614023685832\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.42967424815126,\n              -1.3923579952176084\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32694248599257,\n              -1.3043265893922182\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69098395834581,\n              -1.4412629246074147\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.59314418486166,\n              -1.4265915544443146\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5197643547486,\n              -0.9913025269096067\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38278867187034,\n              -0.9423896065482325\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.34365276247682,\n              -0.8739103720766366\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20667707959919,\n              -0.6880321526013233\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.36322071717387,\n              -0.6488989074716329\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.92090742603361,\n              0.3784020909474606\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.39053833875774,\n              0.334375045686528\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.74765351197465,\n              0.6572337824759273\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, George D. Jr.","contributorId":174190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallier, Tracy L.","contributorId":81403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malmquist, D. L.","contributorId":304975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malmquist","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243229,"text":"70243229 - 1992 - Pb isotope data indicate a complex, mantle origin for the Noril'sk-Talnakh ores, Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T14:46:09.280812","indexId":"70243229","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T09:33:38","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb isotope data indicate a complex, mantle origin for the Noril'sk-Talnakh ores, Siberia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.4.1153","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J., Czamanske, G., Bouse, R.M., Likhachev, A., Kunilov, V., and Lyul’ko, V., 1992, Pb isotope data indicate a complex, mantle origin for the Noril'sk-Talnakh ores, Siberia: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 1153-1165, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.4.1153.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Siberia, Noril'sk District, Talnakh District, Yenisey River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              84.74181394488363,\n              69.63929714289154\n            ],\n            [\n              84.74181394488363,\n              67.6816934110374\n            ],\n            [\n              91.71813230425886,\n              67.6816934110374\n            ],\n            [\n              91.71813230425886,\n              69.63929714289154\n            ],\n            [\n              84.74181394488363,\n              69.63929714289154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czamanske, Gerald K.","contributorId":104907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"Gerald K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouse, Robin M.","contributorId":27076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likhachev, A.P.","contributorId":19435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likhachev","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunilov, V.E.","contributorId":7569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunilov","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyul’ko, Victor","contributorId":304795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyul’ko","given":"Victor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70210200,"text":"70210200 - 1992 - Comment and reply on \"Archean and Proterozoic crustal evolution: Evidence from crustal seismology\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T13:16:44.979773","indexId":"70210200","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T08:13:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment and reply on \"Archean and Proterozoic crustal evolution: Evidence from crustal seismology\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0664:CAROAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wever, T., Durrheim, R., and Mooney, W.D., 1992, Comment and reply on \"Archean and Proterozoic crustal evolution: Evidence from crustal seismology\": Geology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 664-666, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0664:CAROAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"666","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wever, T.F.","contributorId":107104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wever","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durrheim, R.","contributorId":93304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durrheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222878,"text":"5222878 - 1992 - Annual survival rates of adult and immature eastern population tundra swans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T17:39:00.786106","indexId":"5222878","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival rates of adult and immature eastern population tundra swans","docAbstract":"<p>Tundra swans (<i>Cygnus columbianus)</i> of the eastern population were neckbanded in Maryland, North Carolina, and Alaska from 1966 through 1990. These swans were resighted and recaptured during autumn, winter, and spring, 1966-1990. Although the original motivation for this study involved swan movements, we wanted to use the resulting data to test hypotheses about sources of variation in swan survival rates. Recaptures of legbanded and neckbanded swans permitted us to estimate neckband loss rates, which were found to vary with age and sex of swans, and number of years since initial application. Estimates of annual neckband retention rate ranged from about 0.50 for adult male swans <span>≥</span>&nbsp;2 years after initial neckbanding to &gt; 0.96 for immature swans and adult females the first year following neckbanding. This variation in neckband loss rates prevented the simple correction of survival estimates to account for such loss. Consequently, we developed a series of multinomial models parameterized with survival, sighting, and neckband retention probabilities for use with the recapture and resighting data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808863","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Bart, J., Limpert, R.J., Sladen, W.J., and Hines, J., 1992, Annual survival rates of adult and immature eastern population tundra swans: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 485-494, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808863.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"494","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Maryland, North 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