Club Mesa is 1 mile west of Uravan, Montrose County, Colo. About 200,000 short tons of carnotite ore containing an estimated 0.45 percent U3O8 and 2.1 percent V2O5 has been mined from the mesa. This production represents about one-fifth of the carnotite ore mined from the Colorado Plateau.
\nAll the principal deposits on the mesa are in the main ore-bearing sandstone which is in the top part of the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Jurassic Morrison formation. The deposits are in tabular masses of uneven thickness lying more or less parallel to the enclosing strata. The ore consists mainly of sandstone impregnated with carnotite and vanadiferous clay minerals. The sandstone near the deposits is generally over 30 feet in thickness, contains noticeable quantities of carbon, and vivid patches of limonite (?) stain. Also near ore deposits, the mudstone in contact with the sandstone is altered from red to gray or green through a thickness of 3 or 4 feet. Certain linear features of the ore bodies and of favorable parts of the main ore-bearing sandstone offer clues by their orientation to extensions of known ore bodies and of favorable ground. These features on Club Mesa trend mostly east to northeast.
\nBetween March 6, 1948, and January 22, 1952, the U.S. Geological Survey drilled 651 holes for a total of 167,495 feet. As a result of this drilling, 18 deposits were discovered and partly outlined. These range in size from 200 to 55,000 short tons of indicated ore reserves and are in layers 1 foot or more thick containing 0.10 percent or more U3O8 or 1.0 percent or more V2O5. About 85 percent of this ore is in public land; the remainder is in claims owned by the United States Vanadium Co.
\nReserves in deposits known from drill holes or exposures are classed as indicated or inferred, and those in deposits that are predicted solely on geologic evidence are classed as potential. The tons of indicated and inferred reserves and the pounds of contained U3O8 and V2O5 are summarized in table 1. These reserves are subdivided also by thickness and grade cutoffs. At the higher grade cutoff, reserve figures express approximately the tonnage and grade of material that might actually be mined from these deposits under 1951 conditions. Indicated and inferred reserves of this type total 198,000 short tons, averaging 0.35 percent U3O8 and 1.8 percent V2O5, and contain 1,1,372,000 pounds of U3O8 and 7,260,000 pounds of V2O5. These reserves are based on Geological Survey drilling. Potential reserves are predicted to total about 40,000 short tons, averaging about 0.35 percent U3O8 and 1.9 percent V2O5.
\nNo additional exploration on Club Mesa is planned by the Geological Survey, but exploration by private companies is recommended.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tei147","usgsCitation":"Bryner, L., 1952, Carnotite resources of Club Mesa, Montrose County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 147, Report: 92 p.; 5 Plates: 24.29 x 36.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei147.","productDescription":"Report: 92 p.; 5 Plates: 24.29 x 36.90 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei147.jpg"},{"id":310188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"47.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310189,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","size":"8.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure2"},{"id":310190,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"9.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 3"},{"id":310191,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"4.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 4"},{"id":310192,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"4.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 5"},{"id":310193,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/147/figure-6.pdf","text":"Figure 6","size":"4.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Mesa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.060256,38.151752 ], [ -109.060256,38.667801 ], [ -107.498924,38.667801 ], [ -107.498924,38.151752 ], [ -109.060256,38.151752 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c0eb4ee4b065ccca5fe27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryner, Leonid","contributorId":50041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryner","given":"Leonid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220134,"text":"5220134 - 1952 - Molting of northern yellow-throat in southern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:14:13","indexId":"5220134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:21","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molting of northern yellow-throat in southern Michigan","docAbstract":"
During the summer of 1938, detailed studies were made of the molts of the Northern Yellow-throat, Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, in southern Michigan. Observations of the post-natal molt were made each day on nestlings found near Geddes Pond, one mile east of Ann Arbor. Studies of the post-juvenal and post-nuptial molts were from fresh specimens collected at Portage Lake in Jackson County.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4081292","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., 1952, Molting of northern yellow-throat in southern Michigan: The Auk, v. 69, no. 1, p. 50-59, https://doi.org/10.2307/4081292.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol69/iss1/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":194171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210444,"text":"5210444 - 1952 - Investigations of methods of determining abundance of breeding mourning doves in certain eastern states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210444","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Investigations of methods of determining abundance of breeding mourning doves in certain eastern states","docAbstract":"A call count over a 20 mile route (beginning 1/2 hour before local official sunrise and with 20 stops of 3 minutes duration 1 mile apart) gives a more practical index to the abundance of mourning doves in the breeding season than roadside counts and area population studies tried in 1950. Calling activities showed relatively high peaks and low depressions during April and May of 1951, with a plateau in June; a decline in calling was noted after July 3, and continued until September 11, when activity apparently ceased. Although there seems to be a direct correlation between the total number of doves heard and the total number of calls recorded, available evidence indicates that the breeding index should still be based on the number of doves heard. In general, more doves were heard calling than were seen up to about mid-July, 1951, after which time doves became conspicuous and relatively few were heard; and there was an increase in doves seen from July through September with a noticeable decline in October in cental Maryland. Very little difference was noted between morning and evening roadside counts from the end of July through October, although one route indicated that morning was more favorable. Our data probably are too meager to determine if any significant difference exists. A statistical analysis of calling counts covering the period from May 15-June 26, 1951 indicates that with 3 routes, 12 trips per route must be made in order to reflect a 15 percent change. Calling counts should begin in this area (central Maryland and northeastern Virginia) no later than May 15, and the counts must be completed by the end of the third week in June to conform to the present schedule of formulating hunting regulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigations of Methods of Appraising the Abundance of Mourning Doves","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"No editor on title page of this SSR-W.","usgsCitation":"Duvall, A., and Robbins, C., 1952, Investigations of methods of determining abundance of breeding mourning doves in certain eastern states, chap. of Investigations of Methods of Appraising the Abundance of Mourning Doves, p. 15-34.","productDescription":"53","startPage":"15","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f3d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duvall, A.J.","contributorId":59143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16648,"text":"ofr52169 - 1952 - A magnetic anomaly near Bear Lake, Houghton County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T20:27:13.105344","indexId":"ofr52169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-169","title":"A magnetic anomaly near Bear Lake, Houghton County, Michigan","docAbstract":"A large magnetic anomaly of unknown origin occurs about 1 1/2 miles east of Bear Lake, Houghton County, Michigan, in secs. 24 and 258 T. 56 N., R. 34 W. The occurrence is isolated in an area of very weakly magnetic rocks and has special geologic interest because it is adjacent to a non-magnetic rhyolite porphyry body that is stratigraphically higher than any other known igneous rock in the Keweenawan series.
An aeromagnetic survey of the Michigan copper district by the Geophysics Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey in 1948 first revealed the anomaly (Fig. 1). The anomalous area has been more fully outlined by a dip-needle survey, and briefly discusses the geology of the area and possible significance of the anomaly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr52169","usgsCitation":"Wright, J.C., 1952, A magnetic anomaly near Bear Lake, Houghton County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-169, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52169.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Houghton County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.61881256103516,\n 47.22248280235991\n ],\n [\n -88.57898712158203,\n 47.22248280235991\n ],\n [\n -88.57898712158203,\n 47.24841648463662\n ],\n [\n -88.61881256103516,\n 47.24841648463662\n ],\n [\n -88.61881256103516,\n 47.22248280235991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, James C.","contributorId":83936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12870,"text":"ofr5222 - 1952 - Quicksilver deposit areas near Aleknagik, Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12870,"text":"ofr5222 - 1952 - Quicksilver deposit areas near Aleknagik, Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr5222","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Quicksilver deposit areas near Aleknagik, Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35712,"text":"b1187 - 1965 - Quicksilver deposits of southwestern Alaska a description of the quicksilver mines and prospects, with special emphasis on the structural controls of ore deposition","indexId":"b1187","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"title":"Quicksilver deposits of southwestern Alaska a description of the quicksilver mines and prospects, with special emphasis on the structural controls of ore deposition"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35712,"text":"b1187 - 1965 - Quicksilver deposits of southwestern Alaska a description of the quicksilver mines and prospects, with special emphasis on the structural controls of ore deposition","indexId":"b1187","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"title":"Quicksilver deposits of southwestern Alaska a description of the quicksilver mines and prospects, with special emphasis on the structural controls of ore deposition"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T20:01:51.88719","indexId":"ofr5222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-22","title":"Quicksilver deposit areas near Aleknagik, Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The deposit here described is on Marsh Mountain, three miles due east of the village of Aleknagik (Mosquito Point), near the foot of Wood River Lakes (see-fig. 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5222","usgsCitation":"Cady, W.M., 1952, Quicksilver deposit areas near Aleknagik, Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-22, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5222.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":421411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Aleknagik","otherGeospatial":"Nushagak district, southwestern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.8229186789138,\n 59.36542480651784\n ],\n [\n -158.8229186789138,\n 59.23331824339368\n ],\n [\n -158.51241553423097,\n 59.23331824339368\n ],\n [\n -158.51241553423097,\n 59.36542480651784\n ],\n [\n -158.8229186789138,\n 59.36542480651784\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, Wallace Martin","contributorId":98307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61374,"text":"mf3 - 1952 - Geologic structure map of the Beetown lead-zinc area, Grant County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-11T20:36:29.791423","indexId":"mf3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Geologic structure map of the Beetown lead-zinc area, Grant County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Beetown area, in Grant County, Wisconsin, in the northwestern part of the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district, lies in the western part of T. 4 N., R. 4 W., and the eastern part of T. 4 N., R. 5 W. The village of Beetown is at about its center.
\nRecent geologic investigations in the area by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, indicate that further prospecting for both lead and zinc ore is justified. This brief preliminary paper discusses geologic features of the lead and the zinc deposits. It is one of several areas within the district chosen for detailed geolgic study because surface indications and past production suggest that the area may contain undiscovered lead and zinc deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/mf3","isbn":"0607796502","usgsCitation":"Heyl, A.V., Lyons, E.J., and Theiler, J.J., 1952, Geologic structure map of the Beetown lead-zinc area, Grant County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 3, 1 Plate: 35.04 x 30.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf3.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.04 x 30.44 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf3.PNG"},{"id":327586,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Grant County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.93333333333334,42.76722222222222 ], [ -90.93333333333334,42.80138888888889 ], [ -90.83388888888888,42.80138888888889 ], [ -90.83388888888888,42.76722222222222 ], [ -90.93333333333334,42.76722222222222 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68816c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heyl, Allen V. Jr.","contributorId":81168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, Erwin J.","contributorId":87124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Erwin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theiler, John J.","contributorId":106505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15637,"text":"ofr52127 - 1952 - Structural geology of the Crazy Mountain syncline-Beartooth Mountain border east of Livingston, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15637,"text":"ofr52127 - 1952 - Structural geology of the Crazy Mountain syncline-Beartooth Mountain border east of Livingston, Montana","indexId":"ofr52127","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Structural geology of the Crazy Mountain syncline-Beartooth Mountain border east of Livingston, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35599,"text":"b1021L - 1957 - Geology of the area east and southeast of Livingston, Park County, Montana","indexId":"b1021L","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Geology of the area east and southeast of Livingston, Park County, Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35599,"text":"b1021L - 1957 - Geology of the area east and southeast of Livingston, Park County, Montana","indexId":"b1021L","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the area east and southeast of Livingston, Park County, Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:38:04.16409","indexId":"ofr52127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-127","title":"Structural geology of the Crazy Mountain syncline-Beartooth Mountain border east of Livingston, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr52127","usgsCitation":"Richards, P.W., 1952, Structural geology of the Crazy Mountain syncline-Beartooth Mountain border east of Livingston, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-127, Report: 81 p.; 6 Plates: 35.86 x 51.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52127.","productDescription":"Report: 81 p.; 6 Plates: 35.86 x 51.28 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Paul W.","contributorId":13248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20331,"text":"ofr52110 - 1952 - Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass rare earth deposits, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr52110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-110","title":"Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass rare earth deposits, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Mountain Pass district is in a block of pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks bounded on the east and south by the alluvium of Ivanpah Valley. This block is separated from Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks on the west by the Clark Mountain normal fault, and the northern boundary of the district is a prominent transverse fault. The pre-Cambrian metamorphic complex comprises a great variety of lithologic types including garnetiferous mica gneisses and schists; biotite-garnet-sillimenite gneiss; hornblende gneiss, schist, and amphibolite; biotite gneiss and schist; granitic gneisses and migmatites; pegmatites; and minor amounts of foliated mafic rocks.\r\n\r\nThe rare earth-bearing carbonate rocks are related to potash-rich igneous rocks, of uncertain age, that cut the metamorphic complex. The larger potash-rich intrusive masses, 300 or more feet wide, comprise one granite, two syenite, and four composite shonkinite-syenite bodies. One of the shonkinite-syenite stocks is more than a mile long. Several hundred relatively thin dikes of these potash-rich rocks range in composition, and generally decreasing age, from biotite shonkinite through syenite to granite. A few thin fine-grained shonkinite dikes cut the granite. These potash-rich rocks are cut by east-trending andesitic dikes and by faults.\r\n\r\nVeins of carbonate rock are most abundant in and near the southwest side of the largest shonkinite-syenite body. Although most veins are less than 6 feet thick, one mass of carbonate rock near the Sulphide Queen min4e is 600 feet in maximum width and 2,400 feet long. About 200 veins have been mapped in the district; their aggregate surface area is probably less than one-tenth that of the large carbonate mass.\r\n\r\nThe carbonate materials, which make up about 60 percent of the veins and the large carbonite body, are chiefly calcite, dolomite, ankerite, and siderite. The other constituents are barite, bastnaesite and perisite, quartz, and variable small quantities of crocidolite, biotite, phlogopite, chlorite, muscovite, apatite, iron oxides, fluorite, monazite, galena, allanite, sphene, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, malachite, azurite, corussite, wulfenite, aragonite, and thorite. The rare earth oxide content in most of the carbonate rock is less than 13 percent, but in some local concentrations of bastnaesite the content is as high as 40 percent.\r\n\r\nThe origin of the carbonate rocks and related potash-rich igneous rocks is considered in the light of similar associations of carbonate and alkalinic rocks in Sweden, Norway, Russia, South Africa, and the United States. The carbonate rock may have originated (1) as a pre-Cambrian limestone or evaporate sequence in the gneisses; (2) by reaction between magma and the Paleozoic dolomite and limestone overlying the pre-Cambrian complex; (3) by alteration of pre-Cambrian gneisses by emanations from an unknown deep-seated source; or (4) by differentiation of an alkaline magma from shonkinite to syenite to granite, leading to a final carbonate-rich fraction, containing the rare elements, which was emplaced either as a concentrated or a dilute solution. The fourth hypothesis is considered the most plausible.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr52110","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.C., 1952, Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass rare earth deposits, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-110, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52110.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49860,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0110/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49861,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0110/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Jerry Chipman","contributorId":57869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"Chipman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51156,"text":"ofr5298 - 1952 - Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T18:23:33.828929","indexId":"ofr5298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-98","title":"Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"The Virgin Islands Corporation plans to build a series of small earth dams along some of the streams on the island of St. Croix, and field studies involving the selection and hydrology of possible sites was carried on by the Geological Survey during the months of August and September 1951. The island of St. Croix is the largest of the three principal islands of the Virgin. Islands group owned by the United States. It is about 21 miles long and 6 miles wide near the center and has an area of about 84 square miles. The northwestern part of the island contains mountains that reach a maximum altitude of 1,165 feet; the eastern half of the island is submountainous, containing some hills 600 to 800 feet in altitude. A coastal lowland area containing a few east-west trending marl and limestone hills characterizes the southwestern part of the island. The streams in the east half of the island and along the northwest coast are relatively short and are dry during most of the year. The streams draining the mountains from the south cross the coastal lowland in narrow and shallow ditches. The southeastward drainage from the eastern part of the mountainous area is diverted by Salt River and enters the sea on the north coast of the island. In the headwaters of some streams there is a small flow of water during most of the year that disappears below the surface upstream from or near the foot of the mountains. During most of the year the streams are essentially dry, flowing only after periods of heavy rainfall.
In the coastal lowland near Bethlehem the average annual rainfall is about 46 inches. The east end of the island is relatively dry and the precipitation is estimated to be approximately 20 inches annually; the northwestern end of the island receives the most rainfall, probably more than 50 inches annually. Records show that from 1861 to 1876 there was deficient rainfall and the accumulated departure below normal was about 56 inches (fig. 2). From 1876 to 1920 there were numerous years of above -normal precipitation and the departure curve rose nearly 100 inches, to more than 40 inches above normal. From 1936 to 1950 there has been a more or less continuous decline in rainfall, amounting to a net deficiency of 72 inches, or from 44 inches above to 28 inches below normal. These changes in rainfall have a direct effect on the volume of stream flow an island.
There are two general rock types on the island. The Mount Eagle volcanics and the intruded diorite are hard, dense crystalline rocks; the rock's underlying the coastal lowland and belt of hills between Salt River and Christiansted are sedimentary rocks, such as marl, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay. The permeability of the crystalline rocks and of the gray clay and basal conglomerate of the Jealousy formation is low and they are water bearing in few places. The Kingshill formation is composed of light-gray clay and light-yellow marl and included beds of limestone. In places the limestone contains solutional openings that yield water to wells. The alluvial sand, gravel, and clay that unconformably overlie the Kingshill marl include permeable beds that yield relatively large quantities of water to wells in a few places.
It is evident from the small stream flow that by far the greatest part of the 46-inch average annual precipitation on the island is returned to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. There are no records of stream flaw or ground-water flow from the drainage basins, but it is estimated that in some years the amount of water lost through evaporation and transpiration may be more than 90 percent of the total water available. It is proposed that a program be started and continued to collect and evaluate data on the hydrology of the island.
The purpose of the dam-building program is to retain on the land a part of the water that formerly flowed to the sea and was of no beneficial use. Owing to the lack of hydrologic data, the maximum number of dams needed is not known; consequently, practically all possible sites on publicly owned land and sites that would benefit those lands were studied. Thus, 3 sites were selected in the valley near Little Grange that is a source of supply to the public-supply well field of Frederiksted; 19 sites were selected on or near property owned by the Virgin Islands Corporation; and 4 sites were selected along the Salt River above the public-supply well field of Christiansted. During most of the year the water table is at or below the beds of the streams; consequently, if permeable rocks underlie a pond or dam it is possible that there may be leakage from the pond to the water table. In general, leakage from dam sites underlain by crystalline rocks of the fount Eagle volcanics or clay of the Kingshill marl will be negligible, but leakage from sites underlain by limestone in the Kingshill marl or sand and gravel of the alluvium may be great. Potential leakage at each site selected is discussed.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr5298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Territories United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.R., 1952, Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-98, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5298.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, R. R.","contributorId":20725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4128,"text":"cir171 - 1952 - Coal resources of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T14:06:29","indexId":"cir171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"171","title":"Coal resources of Virginia","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey and the Virginia Geological Survey have cooperated in preparing this reappraisal of the coal resources of Virginia, which is based on a study of all information\" on the reserves of the State available in the publications and files of the two organizations, supplemented by mine and drill-hole information provided by mining companies and private individuals.
Coal is found in Virginia in three widely separated and entirely dissimilar areas: the Southwest Virginia field, or simply the Southwest field, which comprises all or part of Tazewell, Buchanan, Dickenson, Russell, Scott, Wise, and Lee Counties; the Valley fields, a series of long, narrow coal-bearing areas in the Valley of Virginia that are concentrated largely in Montgomery, Pulaski, and Wythe Counties; and the Eastern fields, consisting of two relatively small basins near Richmond and Farmville, respectively. Of the total reserves of the State, about 97 percent are in the Southwest Virginia field.
In estimating reserves of the Southwest Virginia field the cooperating agencies were assisted by a series of excellent county reports covering the entire field and by the generous cooperation received from the coal-mining companies. Because of this help, it was possible not only to prepare estimates of reserves in that field by individual coal beds, but to outline most of the important mined-out areas on the bed maps and thus to prepare an estimate that takes into consideration the coal mined and lost in mining prior to January 1, 1951.
The Valley fields, which were mined to some extent prior to 1860 and which have an almost continuous production record since 1883, have been mapped and studied in some detail, but the data on the area are in general inadequate and the structure is too complex to permit a detailed estimate of reserves. Estimates of indicated and inferred reserves in six. of the ten Valley fields were prepared, however, and are presented in subsequent pages. The estimates for the Valley fields are on the basis of original reserves, as mine information is too scanty and production figures too generalized to be of value in translating original reserves into remaining reserves.
The Richmond basin, the easternmost of the Eastern fields, was first mined in 1748, and operations were carried on almost continuously for 150 yr of more after that date. Activity died rapidly as rail transportation made the more easily mined Appalachian coals available, and the Eastern basins have seen little activity since about 1905. Despite the fact that an all-time total of more than 8 million tons has been taken from the Richmond basin, the data now available on the coal beds are considerably less than those on the Valley fields and it was impossible to estimate the reserves with any degree of accuracy. The reserves of the Eastern fields are therefore omitted from the tables, though the fields are discussed in later sections of this report.
Whether presented as remaining reserves (Southwest field) or original reserves (Valley fields) the estimates presented in this report have been calculated on a most conservative basis, and in all probability these estimates will be increased rather than diminished as additional field work is done. Undoubtedly much of the coal reserves shown herein as indicated or inferred reserves will be changed to the measured or indicated category as development work progresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brown, A., Berryhill, H.L., Taylor, D.A., and Trumbull, J.V., 1952, Coal resources of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 171, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir171.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1952/0171/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Andrew","contributorId":64233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.","contributorId":86753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Dorothy A.","contributorId":32912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trumbull, James V. A.","contributorId":8457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbull","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3707,"text":"cir197 - 1952 - The industrial utility of public water supplies in the east south central states, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T13:18:10","indexId":"cir197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"197","title":"The industrial utility of public water supplies in the east south central states, 1952","docAbstract":"The location of industrial plants is dependent on an ample water supply of suitable quality. Information relating to the chemical characteristics of the water supplies is not only essential to the location of many plants but also is an aid in the manufacture and distribution of many commodities. Public water supplies are utilized extensively as a source of supply for many industrial plants, used either as delivered for domestic consumption or with further treatment if necessary to meet specific needs of the plant, such as water for processing, cooling, and steam generation. The industrial use of water in the United States in 1950 was estimated to be more than 75 billion gallons per day from private sources. In addition, about 6 billion gallons per day was estimated to be taken from public water supplies. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 658, \"The industrial utility of public water supplies in the United States, 1932\" contains information pertaining to the public water supplies of 670 of the larger cities throughout the United States. This report, which is still in print and being distributed, has filled an important need in the field of water-supply engineering. The demand for more up-to-date information and more extended coverage has led to studies by the Geological Survey for revision of the information contained in the 1932 report. The revised report, which will include data pertaining to public water supplies of more than 1,200 cities in the United States, will eventually be published as a Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper. However, in order that the information might be available at the earliest possible time, nine preliminary reports are being issued which give data on the larger cities in each state. These nine reports are being released as Geological Survey Circulars, each covering a group of states as delineated by the Bureau of Census in taking the census of the population of the country. (See fig. 1). The reports give descriptive information and analytical data for approximately three-fourths of the cities that will be included in the final report for each of the states. This circular is the first of the series and includes data for the States of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. (See fig. 1). The report gives the population (1950) of the city, population supplied, ownership, sources and treatment of supplies, capacity of treatment plants, storage facilities for both raw and finished waters, and chemical analyses of the water, for 19 cities in Alabama, 16 in Kentucky, 17 in Mississippi, and 15 in Tennessee. The data for each city are essentially the same as will appear in the complete report for the whole country.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir197","usgsCitation":"Lohr, E.W., Billingsley, G., Geurin, J., and Lamar, W., 1952, The industrial utility of public water supplies in the east south central states, 1952: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 197, ii, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir197.","productDescription":"ii, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271079,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0197/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Kentucky;Mississippi;Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.11,30.34 ], [ -91.11,39.15 ], [ -80.91,39.15 ], [ -80.91,30.34 ], [ -91.11,30.34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, E. W.","contributorId":48155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Billingsley, G. A.","contributorId":33694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geurin, J.W.","contributorId":59784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geurin","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamar, W.L.","contributorId":52549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":63623,"text":"gp92 - 1952 - Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central St. Louis County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T19:26:00.843264","indexId":"gp92","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central St. Louis County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp92","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., and Henderson, J.R., 1952, Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central St. Louis County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 92, 2 Plates: 43.86 × 31.75 inches and 32.00 × 51.35, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp92.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 43.86 × 31.75 inches and 32.00 × 51.35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260517,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0092/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":260518,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0092/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":388853,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3588.htm"}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"St. Louis County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4417,\n 47.3542\n ],\n [\n -91.8042,\n 47.3542\n ],\n [\n -91.8042,\n 47.7250\n ],\n [\n -92.4417,\n 47.7250\n ],\n [\n -92.4417,\n 47.3542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, John R. Jr.","contributorId":96346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16048,"text":"ofr52140 - 1952 - Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-01T19:31:59.019027","indexId":"ofr52140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-140","title":"Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951","docAbstract":"In order to understand the results of the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey and the details of the method of obtaining them, it is desirable to have, in outline, a general idea of the methods and their application. In this part of the report a general account of the operation will be developed. The details will be found in subsequent parts of the report. At this point a statement of the general objective and some mention of the plans for reaching it are in order.
The purpose of the Passamaquoddy survey was to determine the submarine geology in certain areas of Passamaquoddy and Cobscook Bays--the sea-bottom topography, the bedrock topography, the thickness of sediment overlying the bedrock beneath the sea, and the type of sediment. The information is needed for the planning of major engineering structures that may be built in the area. It developed in planning the study that detailed surveys could be limited to several areas where dams may be located.
To determine bottom or bedrock topography, elevations of each were determined by sonic methods at a number of closely spaced locations (about 400 feet apart), evenly distributed on range lines 1,000 or 800 feet apart, in each of eight areas. Contour lines were then drawn to produce the desired topographic maps. Sonic soundings are necessarily referred to the existing water surface. To ascertain specific elevations in an area of large tidal variations is a complex problem. The details are discussed in the section on Vertical Control by Charles E. Knox (part 8). The basic datum is mean low water as determined by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Equally important is the accurate positioning horizontally of each sounding location or fix. All such positioning was by the use of the standard three point fix procedure, using sextants. A net of shore points tied to the first-order control net of the Coast and Geodetic Survey was set up for this purpose, and all positions were thus accurately located. These problems are discussed in a section on Horizontal Control by Norman Duckworth (part 7).
The general planning was done in conferences held in May 1951 at the Boston office of the Corps of Engineers, and in Eastport, Maine, after a brief reconnaissance of the area. A detailed account of the conferences is given in a memorandum by Herman J. Kropper of the New England Division, Corps of Engineers, reproduced in this report as part 4. Detailed survey procedures were developed on May 18, 1951, at a conference attended by P. J. A. Scott and Norman Duckworth of the Corps of Engineers and W. O. Smith of the Geological Survey.
In order to make the necessary geophysical interpretation of the sound records, adequate geologic control had to be established. A preliminary field
study of the geology was made by G. G. Parker of the Geological Survey during the period May 15-17, 1951. Subsequently Dr. T. E. Upson of the Geological Survey made the detailed geologic study required for the project.
Two sonar units were used for the survey. One was a low-frequency high-power sonar unit developed by the Edo Corp. to meet specifications established by the Geological Survey. It was used to collect the bulk of the bedrock and bottom data. The other, of higher frequency and lower power, was manufactured by Bludworth Marine, Inc., end was required for adequate determination of water depths in shoal areas. The Edo equipment is described by Dr. Charles E. Mongan, Jr., in part 6 of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr52140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New England Division Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.O., and Upson, J., 1952, Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-140, Report: ii, 49 p.; Plates: 14.88 x 10.12 inches and 13.48 x 19.59 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52140.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 49 p.; Plates: 14.88 x 10.12 inches and 13.48 x 19.59 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396610,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine","city":"Eastport","otherGeospatial":"Passamaquoddy Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 44.85489529604183\n ],\n [\n -66.82708740234375,\n 44.85489529604183\n ],\n [\n -66.82708740234375,\n 45.17622870105657\n ],\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 45.17622870105657\n ],\n [\n -67.15393066406249,\n 44.85489529604183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, William Ogden","contributorId":20337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":41,"text":"wsp1137B - 1952 - Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:11:12","indexId":"wsp1137B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins","docAbstract":"The floods of April-July 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River Basins were the largest that have occurred in several decades and caused the greatest damage that the flooded area has ever sustained. Five lives were lost in the United States, owing to causes directly connected with the floods. The dual peaks--on upper river and tributaries, one in April and the other in May--of nearly the same size and\" the large lake-like body of flood-water ponded between Grand Forks and Winnipeg were notable features of the flood in the Red River of the North Basin. The flood in the Winnipeg River Basin was characterized by the unusually large volume of runoff and the lateness of cresting on the Lake of the Woods.
The floods were caused by a combination of causes: high antecedent soil moisture, high antecedent runoff, heavy snowfall, delayed breakup, and heavy precipitation during breakup. Mid-March snow-surveys, made in the area by hydrographers of the United States and Canadian services, showed that the snow pack north of Fargo, N. Dak., had an unusually high water content and a runoff potential increasing from west to east. A narrow band, extending from near Grand Forks, N. Dak., east-northeastward across the basin, had a water content of 5 inches or higher. April 15 marked the beginning of rapid melting throughout the basins; most of the snow was turned into water by the end of the first melt period on April 24. A return of winter-like conditions until May 10 brought more snow and set the stage for second flood crests.
The records of stage and discharge collected on the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak., since 1882 show that the important 1897 flood slightly exceeded the 1950 flood in both stage and discharge. Records collected by the Geological Survey and Corps of Engineers on the Red River of the North show that the 1950 flood stages exceeded any previously known from just below the mouth of Turtle River to the international boundary. Records for streams tributary to the Red River of the North between Fargo and the Roseau River show, in general, that the 1950 flood events exceeded those of any known past floods. In the storage basins of the Winnipeg River, Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake reached a stage comparable to that of 1916; and the Winnipeg River discharge at Slave Falls exceeded the highest previously recorded, maximum, which occurred in 1927. Records of floods on the Red River at Winnipeg show that the 1950 flood did not reach as high a stage as those of 1826, 1852, and 1861.
The total tabulated damage to Winnipeg, the largest urban center in the area reported on, was about $20,000,000 in the city, and $12,000,000 in surrounding suburbs. The fight against flooding in Greater Winnipeg began on April 21 in the area adjacent to the municipal hospitals and was considered ended with the reopening of Norwood Bridge on June 1. About 80, 000 people were evacuated from their homes in Greater Winnipeg during the flood, and plans were ready to evacuate a greater number had the water risen higher.
This report contains records of stage and discharge for the flood period at 70 stream-gaging stations, 21 records of mean daily discharge at stream-gaging stations, 11 records of stage at river-height gages, and 7 records of storage or elevation of reservoirs or lakes. A summary table shows crest stages and discharges at 129 points for the 1950 event compared with the highest known past stages and discharges. Also included is a discussion of concurrent meteorology and of past floods on main streams and tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Floods of 1950 in the Red River of the North and Winnipeg River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: viii, 325 p.; 5 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137B.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 325 p.; 5 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24660,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24657,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24661,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24658,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24659,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61347,"text":"mf7 - 1952 - Geologic map of the Barnes Hill talc prospect, Waterbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-18T14:55:46","indexId":"mf7","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Geologic map of the Barnes Hill talc prospect, Waterbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"The Barnes Hill talc prospect is in northeastern Waterbury township, Washington County, Vermont, about 2.2 miles N. 35° E. of the road triangle at Waterbury Center. The deposit occurs in a body of ultramafic rock that crops out between the altitudes of 1,150 and 1,190 feet above sea level, near the crest of a broad, low ridge on a gently rolling upland of low relief. The area surveyed is about 46 acres. It is drained on the east by a small tributary of Thatcher Brook and on the west by Bryant Brook. Thatcher Brook empties into the Winooski River at Waterbury; Bryant Brook flows into the Waterbury River, a tributary of the Winooski River. Most of the area is in open pasture, with a few scattered spruce and hemlock, but along the eastern side of the property there is a dense growth of maple saplings and underbrush.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf7","usgsCitation":"Chidester, A., Stewart, G.W., and Morris, D., 1952, Geologic map of the Barnes Hill talc prospect, Waterbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 7, 30.25 x 25.81 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf7.","productDescription":"30.25 x 25.81 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1200","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Waterbury","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.71666666666667,44.38333333333333 ], [ -72.71666666666667,44.416666666666664 ], [ -72.68333333333334,44.416666666666664 ], [ -72.68333333333334,44.38333333333333 ], [ -72.71666666666667,44.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ee4b07f02db6a0021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chidester, A.H.","contributorId":42940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chidester","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, G. W.","contributorId":99621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, D.C.","contributorId":24848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14921,"text":"ofr53166 - 1952 - The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T17:09:17.21084","indexId":"ofr53166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-166","title":"The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States","docAbstract":"The Permian marine phosphorite deposits of the western United States were laid down in the Phosphoria formation and its partial stratigraphic equivalents over an area of about 135,000 square miles in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. The deposits in the eastern part of the field lie on the western margin of the structurally simple North American craton. The rocks there consist of a few thin, locally glauconitic, nodular phosphorites, generally containing less than 30 percent P205, interbedded with nodular limestones, calcareous mudstones, and sandstones. Eastward these marine beds tongue out into continental redbeds. The deposits in the western part of the field are a part of the complexly folded Cordilleran miogeosyncline. The facies there are of a deeper-water type and include thick phosphorite layers containing as much as 35 percent P205 black phosphatic mudstones, limestones, and well-bedded black cherts.
The phosphorite deposits are composed chiefly of colloform carbonate-fluorapatite, quartz, and clay. In addition to phosphorus, they contain several minor elements that are of potential economic interest. The most important of these are fluorine, vanadium, chromium, nickel, rare earths, zinc, and uranium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53166","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., Swanson, R.W., and Sheldon, R.P., 1952, The Permian phosphorite deposits of western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-166, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53166.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0166/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n 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-156.9287109375,\n 21.453068633086783\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 22.43134015636061\n ],\n [\n -160.5322265625,\n 21.983801417384697\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 21.207458730482642\n ],\n [\n -158.291015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ],\n [\n -156.97265625,\n 19.932041306115536\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 18.771115062337024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Roger Warren","contributorId":13946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheldon, Richard Porter","contributorId":59018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Porter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51107,"text":"ofr5232 - 1952 - Ground-water recharge in the East Shore area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:48:52","indexId":"ofr5232","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-32","title":"Ground-water recharge in the East Shore area, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr5232","usgsCitation":"Dennis, P., 1952, Ground-water recharge in the East Shore area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-32, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5232.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"East Shore area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6670cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennis, P.E.","contributorId":73627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51102,"text":"ofr5221 - 1952 - Fourth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T14:15:03.635194","indexId":"ofr5221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-21","title":"Fourth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This is a continuation of annual progress reports giving the results of discharge measurements made in the Santa Ynez Mountains between Refugio Canyon on the west to San Marcos Pass and the Painted Cave area on the east. This portion of Santa Barbara County has been designated as the \"Tecolote Tunnel Area\" because a tunnel by that name, now being built by the Bureau of Reclamation, passes through it. The purpose of this tunnel is to divert flood runoff from the Santa Ynez River, stored in Cachuma Reservoir, to the city of Santa Barbara and adjacent areas.
During the construction of this tunnel, the seepage from the south portal has averaged 6.4 second-feet for the year ending April 30, 1952, the average being 8.7 second-feet for the last 6 months of that period. Both of these values exceed the average total discharge prior to April 30, 1951, for more than 120 springs measured in the Tecolote Tunnel Area.
As, it was not known what effect the seepage from this tunnel might have on the flow of springs and streams in the immediate vicinity, the Santa Barbara County Water Agency requested the U. S. Geological Survey to institute an observational program. This program was started in 1948—about 2 years before work was started on the tunnel. The area covered by the observational program was made sufficiently large to include all the springs that could possibly be affected, as well as certain border springs believed to be outside the zone of influence.
The purpose of this, the fourth progress report, is to make available factual data obtained during the year ending April 30, 1952. This program is operated under a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey and the Santa Barbara County Water Agency whereby each pays half the cost of the investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Santa Barbara County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Burgess, C., 1952, Fourth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-21, Report: 156 p.; 1 Plate: 25.61 x 19.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5221.","productDescription":"Report: 156 p.; 1 Plate: 25.61 x 19.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0021/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0021/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"Tecolote Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 35.107477322182945\n ],\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 33.603227658961316\n ],\n [\n -119.21258359397822,\n 33.603227658961316\n ],\n [\n -119.21258359397822,\n 35.107477322182945\n ],\n [\n -120.61474653419313,\n 35.107477322182945\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgess, C.E.","contributorId":64329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16326,"text":"ofr52160 - 1952 - Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr52160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-160","title":"Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Alaska-Juneau lode system for many years was one of the world\u0019s leading gold-producing areas. Total production from the years 1893 to 1946 has amounted to about 94 million dollars, with principal values in contained gold but with some silver and lead values. The principal mine is the Alaska-Juneau mine, from which the lode system takes its name.\r\n\r\nThe lode system is a part of a larger gold-bearing belt, generally referred to as the Juneau gold belt, along the western border of the Coast Range batholith.\r\n\r\nThe rocks of the Alaska-Juneau lode system consist of a monoclinal sequence of steeply northeasterly dipping volcanic, state, and schist rocks, all of which have been metamorphosed by dynamic and thermal processes attendant with the intrusion of the Coast Range batholith. The rocks form a series of belts that trend northwest parallel to the Coast Range. In addition to the Coast Range batholith lying a mile to the east of the lode system, there are numerous smaller intrusives, all of which are sill-like in form and are thus conformable to the regional structure.\r\n\r\nThe bedded rocks are Mesozoic in age; the Coast Range batholith is Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in age. Some of the smaller intrusives pre-date the batholith, others post-date it. All of the rocks are cut by steeply dipping faults.\r\n\r\nThe Alaska-Juneau lode system is confined exclusively to the footwall portion of the Perseverance slate band. The slate band is composed of black slate and black phyllite with lesser amounts of thin-bedded quartzite. Intrusive into the slate band are many sill-like bodies of rocks generally referred to as meta-gabbro.\r\n\r\nThe gold deposits of the lode system are found both within the slate rocks and the meta-gabbro rocks, and particularly in those places where meta-gabbro bodies interfinger with slate. Thus the ore bodies are found in and near the terminations of meta-gabbro bodies.\r\n\r\nThe ore bodies are quartz stringer-lodes composed of a great number of quartz veins from 6 inches to 3 feet wide and extending along their strike and dip for several tens to hundreds of feet. In addition to quartz, the only other vein gangue mineral is ankerite. It occurs in small amounts along the borders of the quartz veins. Metallic vein minerals, in addition to native gold, are, in order of decreasing abundance, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. In the aggregate the metallic minerals comprise only 1 to 2 percent of the total amount of vein material.\r\n\r\nThe wall rock, particularly the meta-gabbro, was profoundly altered by the vein-forming processes. The principal effects on the meta-gabbro were the addition of large amounts of soda, potash, titanium, carbon dioxide, and phosphorous, and the removal of considerable quantities of iron, magnesia, lime, and combined water. Silica also may have been decreased. The mineralogical changes involved in the alteration were the development of biotite and ankerite at the expense of original hornblende and feldspar, resulting in a brown-colored biotite- and ankerite-rich rock. The slates are relatively unaffected by the vein-forming processes.\r\n\r\nBecause of their small size, relatively low grade, and discontinuity, no attempt has been made to mine any individual vein. The prevailing practice has been to mine large blocks of ground by a system of modified block-caving, followed by hand sorting to remove the barren country rock from the gold-bearing quartz prior to milling.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"s.n.,","doi":"10.3133/ofr52160","usgsCitation":"Twenhofel, W.S., 1952, Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-160, 175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52160.","productDescription":"175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenhofel, William Stephens","contributorId":15597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenhofel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3361,"text":"cir152 - 1952 - The coal deposits of the Alkali Butte, the Big Sand Draw, and the Beaver Creek fields, Fremont County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:03:26","indexId":"cir152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"152","title":"The coal deposits of the Alkali Butte, the Big Sand Draw, and the Beaver Creek fields, Fremont County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Large coal reserves are present in three areas located between 12 and 20 miles southeast of Riverton, Fremont County, central Wyoming. Coal in two of these areas, the Alkali Butte coal field and the Big Sand Draw coal field, is exposed on the surface and has been developed to some extent by underground mining. The Beaver Creek coal field is known only from drill cuttings and cores from wells drilled for oil and gas in the Beaver Creek oil and gas field.
These three coal areas can be reached most readily from Riverton, Wyo. State Route 320 crosses Wind River about 1 mile south of Riverton. A few hundred yards south of the river a graveled road branches off the highway and extends south across the Popo Agie River toward Sand Draw oil and gas field. About 8 miles south of the highway along the Sand Draw road, a dirt road bears east and along this road it is about 12 miles to the Bell coal mine in the Alkali Butte coal field. Three miles southeast of the Alkali Butte turn-off, 3 miles of oiled road extends southwest into the Beaver Creek oil and gas field. About 6 miles southeast of the Beaver Creek turn-off, in the valley of Little Sand Draw Creek, a dirt road extends east 1. mile and then southeast 1 mile to the Downey mine in the Big Sand Draw coal field. Location of these coal fields is shown on figure 1 with their relationship to the Wind River basin and other coal fields, place localities, and wells mentioned in this report.
The coal in the Alkali Butte coal field is exposed partly on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Tps. 1 and 2 S., R. 6 E., and partly on public land. Coal in the Beaver Creek and Big Sand Draw coal fields is mainly on public land.
The region has a semiarid climate with rainfall averaging less than 10 in. per year. When rain does fall the sandy-bottomed stream channels fill rapidly and are frequently impassable for a few hours. Beaver Creek, Big Sand Draw, Little Sand Draw, and Kirby Draw and their smaller tributaries drain the area and flow northwestward to the Wind River.
This report is based almost entirely upon geologic investigations made in 1949 as a part of the program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin. Some coal sections were measured in 1950 and the additional information on the Big Sand Draw coal field was obtained in 1951. A geologic map of the Beaver Creek field was not prepared for this report because most of the significant coal occurs below a depth of 1,400 ft and is not exposed on the surface. Mr. George Downey, Lander, Wyo. , supplied much helpful information on the Big Sand Draw coal field and the area in general. Topographic contours shown on figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 are from unpublished plane-table sheets made by E. D. Woodruff in 1912.
Previous geologic investigations of the region have been made by E. G. Woodruff and D. E. Winchester (1912), by C. J. Hares (1916), by A. J. Collier (1920), and C. M. Bauer (1934). Except for the work of Woodruff and Winchester, which was an areal examination for the purpose of classifying the public lands, the geological investigatiohs were of a general nature and give little detail of the coal beds. Berryhill (1950) summarizes Woodruff and Winchester's work.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir152","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.M., and White, V., 1952, The coal deposits of the Alkali Butte, the Big Sand Draw, and the Beaver Creek fields, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 152, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir152.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.8360595703125,\n 42.740960955168475\n ],\n [\n -108.8360595703125,\n 43.41901389224468\n ],\n [\n -107.5726318359375,\n 43.41901389224468\n ],\n [\n -107.5726318359375,\n 42.740960955168475\n ],\n [\n -108.8360595703125,\n 42.740960955168475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Raymond M.","contributorId":82760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent L.","contributorId":87116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":636,"text":"wsp1172 - 1952 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1172","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1172","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1952, Surface water supply of the United States, 1950, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1172, xii, 565 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1172.","productDescription":"xii, 565 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71170,"text":"tei70 - 1952 - Reconnaissance of radioactive rock of the Hudson Valley and Adirondack Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:57:11","indexId":"tei70","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70","title":"Reconnaissance of radioactive rock of the Hudson Valley and Adirondack Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"In August 1949 a carborne reconnaissance for radioactivity was made along 3,750 miles of road in the Paleozoic rocks of the Hudson Valley and the pre-Cambrian rocks of the Adirondack Mountains in eastern and central New York state.
\nIn the Paleozoic rocks the average radioactivity of the most strongly radioactive rocks is 0.003 percent\nequivalent uranium.
\nThe area underlain by pre-Cambrian rocks in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the Adirondacks\ncontain the greatest concentration of abnormally radioactive rocks and glacial materials. This radioactivity\nis most apparent near the contacts of the igneous and metamorphic rocks where the average range of equivalent\nuranium content is estimated to be 0.003-0.004 percent. Pegmatites contain as much as 0. 043 percent\nuranium and 0.62 percent thorium. Iron slag containing 0.030 percent equivalent uranium was found\nnear Moriah Center, and uranium and thorium in iron minerals have contributed to the radioactivity at several\nother abnormally radioactive localities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei70","collaboration":"Prepared by the Geological Survey for the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Narten, P., and McKeown, F., 1952, Reconnaissance of radioactive rock of the Hudson Valley and Adirondack Mountains, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 70, Report: 54 p.; 1 Plate: 15.35 x 21.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei70.","productDescription":"Report: 54 p.; 1 Plate: 15.35 x 21.58 inches","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285588,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0070/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains;Hudson Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -76.0,45.0 ], [ -73.0,45.0 ], [ -73.0,41.0 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Narten, Perry F.","contributorId":59780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narten","given":"Perry F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKeown, Francis A.","contributorId":48607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"Francis A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221562,"text":"70221562 - 1952 - Sedimentary volumes in Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States And Mexico: Part I: Volume of Mesozoic Sediments In Florida and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-22T14:59:40.78571","indexId":"70221562","displayToPublicDate":"1952-12-01T09:54:32","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary volumes in Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States And Mexico: Part I: Volume of Mesozoic Sediments In Florida and Georgia","docAbstract":"Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are present throughout Florida and the Coastal Plain of Georgia, but chiefly in the subsurface in an area of approximately 93,500 square miles. The Mesozoic rocks in this area belong, for the most part, to the Gulf and Comanche series of the Cretaceous system. Rocks tentatively classified as part Jurassic and part Triassic underlie the Comanche series in parts of Florida and Georgia. In the northern part of the Georgia Coastal Plain, an irregular outcrop belt of sandstone and shale belonging to the early Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa formation borders on the south the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont. Southward from its outcrop in western Georgia, the Tuscaloosa formation dips under roughly parallel belts of the progressively younger Eutaw formation and formations equivalent to the Selma group of the Gulf series. In central and eastern Georgia, the Eutaw formation and formations equivalent to the Selma group are covered by overlaps of Tertiary formations. Conclusions in regard to the stratigraphy, structure, and thickness of the Mesozoic rocks are based largely on interpretations of the records of approximately 200 oil test wells. The total volume of the Mesozoic rocks in Florida and southern Georgia is estimated at 60,000 to 75,000 cubic miles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[1159:SVIGCP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Applin, P.L., 1952, Sedimentary volumes in Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States And Mexico: Part I: Volume of Mesozoic Sediments In Florida and Georgia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 12, p. 1159-1164, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[1159:SVIGCP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -79.87060546875,\n 26.64745870265938\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applin, Paul Livingston","contributorId":29404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applin","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Livingston","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221610,"text":"70221610 - 1952 - Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T13:34:53.224712","indexId":"70221610","displayToPublicDate":"1952-12-01T08:30:32","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance field work along the Alaska Highway in northern British Columbia and southeastern Yukon furnishes preliminary data on the later Quaternary history of the region, and on the processes and results of intensive frost action. Extensive erosion surfaces were developed prior to glaciation, such as the Alberta Plateau of northeastern British Columbia and the Yukon Plateau in southern Yukon. In the region from Dawson Creek to Fort Nelson, British Columbia, the drift is dominantly a slightly weathered bouldery clay till of Wisconsin age, deposited by ice that came from the east. In the northern Rocky Mountains, the last eastward advance of the Wisconsin glaciers to the mountain front preceded the maximum westward advance of the ice sheets. In the foothills belt west of the Highway, the tills of these two advances are separated by lake deposits. Much of the drift is probably pre-Altamont in age and was subjected to vigorous frost action during the Altamont substage. The climate ameliorated perhaps with the advent of the post-glacial optimum and possibly coincident with the development of prairies. A recent change from prairie to forest perhaps indicates a slight cooling in recent time. In the northern Rocky Mountains, four substages of Wisconsin glaciation are recognized tentatively on the basis of morainal deposits and outwash terraces. The upper Liard basin is characterized by extensive pitted outwash plains, probably of late Wisconsin age. From Teslin Lake to Whitehorse, the Highway is bordered by extensive terraces of gravel and sand deposited in ice-marginal streams and lakes. Intensive frost action has modified pre-existing land forms and has produced a wide variety of features, such as talus, blockfields, stone rings, stone stripes, and terraces. Long smooth slopes, chiefly due to mass movements such as solifluction, are characteristic of the landscapes. These slopes and ancient soil structures extend down into forested areas and probably developed prior to the advent of forests, doubtless prior to the post-glacial optimum. Phenomena resulting from intensive frost action at the present time are restricted largely to areas above timber line.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[883:LQGAFP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Denny, C.S., 1952, Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 9, p. 883-922, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[883:LQGAFP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"922","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Highway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -139.04296875,\n 61.95961583829658\n ],\n [\n -144.404296875,\n 63.58767529470318\n ],\n [\n -147.5244140625,\n 60.951776809566965\n ],\n [\n -143.7451171875,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -135.2197265625,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 54.67383096593114\n ],\n [\n -129.1552734375,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n -128.5400390625,\n 58.401711667608\n ],\n [\n -139.04296875,\n 61.95961583829658\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denny, Charles Storrow","contributorId":86331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Storrow","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222248,"text":"70222248 - 1952 - Stratigraphy and structure of some selected localities in the eastern Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:02:22.835773","indexId":"70222248","displayToPublicDate":"1952-11-01T14:07:24","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"42","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of some selected localities in the eastern Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222248","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W.P., Dutro, J.T., Mangus, M.D., and Reiser, H.N., 1952, Stratigraphy and structure of some selected localities in the eastern Brooks Range, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 42, Report: 28 p.; 6 Plates: 41.45 x 27.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222248.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 6 Plates: 41.45 x 27.90 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401606,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401609,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401608,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401607,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74591.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222248/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149,\n 68.0833\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 68.0833\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 69.4333\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 69.4333\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 68.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, William P.","contributorId":287895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brosge","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangus, Marvin D.","contributorId":81556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiser, Hillard N.","contributorId":189303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Hillard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}