Ongoing climate change is affecting the concentration, export (flux), and timing of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported to the Gulf of Maine (GoM) through changes in hydrologic regime. DOC export was calculated for water years 1950 through 2013 for 20 rivers and for water years 1930 through 2013 for 14 rivers draining to the GoM. DOC export was also estimated for the 21st century based on climate and hydrologic modeling in a previously published study. DOC export was calculated by using the regression model LOADEST to fit seasonally adjusted concentration discharge (C-Q) relations. Our results are an analysis of the sensitivity of DOC export to changes in hydrologic conditions over time since land cover and vegetation were held constant over time. Despite large interannual variability, all rivers had increasing DOC export during winter and these trends were significant (p < 0.05) in 10 out of 20 rivers for 1950 to 2013 and in 13 out of 14 rivers for 1930 to 2013. All rivers also had increasing annual export of DOC although fewer trends were statistically significant than for winter export. Projections for DOC export during the 21st century were variable depending on the climate model and greenhouse gas emission scenario that affected future river discharge through effects on precipitation and evapotranspiration. The most consistent result was a significant increase in DOC export in winter in all model-by-emission scenarios. DOC export was projected to decrease during the summer in all model-by-emission scenarios, with statistically significant decreases in half of the scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003314","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Balch, W.M., Aiken, G.R., Sheffield, J., Luo, L., Roesler, C.S., and Camill, P., 2016, Climate change and dissolved organic carbon export to the Gulf of Maine: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 121, no. 10, p. 2700-2716, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003314.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2700","endPage":"2716","ipdsId":"IP-071250","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of 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Justin","contributorId":69462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luo, Lifeng","contributorId":176993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luo","given":"Lifeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roesler, Collin S.","contributorId":152025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roesler","given":"Collin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18855,"text":"Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Camill, Philip","contributorId":176994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camill","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182256,"text":"70182256 - 2016 - The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:03:09","indexId":"70182256","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality","docAbstract":"The use of oxbow wetlands has been identified as a potential strategy to reduce nutrient transport from agricultural drainage tiles to streams in Iowa. In 2013 and 2014, a study was conducted in north-central Iowa in a native oxbow in the Lyons Creek watershed and two restored oxbow wetlands in the Prairie Creek watershed (Smeltzer west and Smeltzer east) to assess their effectiveness at reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads. The tile line inlets carrying agricultural runoff to the oxbows, the outfall from the oxbows, and the surface waters in the streams receiving the outfall water were monitored for discharge and nutrients from February 2013 to September 2015. Smeltzer west and east also had four monitoring wells each, two in the upland and two between the oxbow and Prairie Creek to monitor surface water-groundwater interaction. The Smeltzer west and east oxbow sites also were instrumented to continuously measure the nitrate concentration. Rainfall was measured at one Lyons Creek and one Smeltzer site. Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in Lyons Creek in 2013 ranged from 11.8 mg/L to 40.9 mg/L, the median daily mean nitrate-N concentration was 33.0 mg/L. Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in Prairie Creek in 2013 ranged from 0.07 mg/L in August to 32.2 mg/L in June. In 2014, daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in Prairie Creek ranged from 0.17 mg/L in April to 26.7 mg/L in July; the daily mean nitrate-N concentration for the sampled period was 9.78 mg/L. Nutrient load reduction occurred in oxbow wetlands in Lyons and Prairie Creek watersheds in north-central Iowa but efficiency of reduction was variable. Little nutrient reduction occurred in the native Lyons Creek oxbow during 2013. Concentrations of all nutrient constituents were not significantly (P>0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) different in water discharging from the tile line than in water leaving the Lyons Creek oxbow. A combination of physical features and flow conditions suggest that the residence time of water in the oxbow may not have been sufficient to allow for removal of substantial amounts of nutrients. Approximately 54 percent less nitrate-N was measured leaving the Smeltzer west oxbow than was measured entering from a small 6-inch field tile. The efficiency of nitrate-N removal in the oxbow was not able to be definitively quantified as other hydrologic factors such as overland and groundwater flow into and through the oxbow were not addressed and may provide alternative routes for nutrient transport. Damage to the Smeltzer east oxbow outfall weir prevented analysis of its nutrient load reduction capability. The study provides important information to managers and land owners looking for strategies to reduce nutrient transport from fields. Additional research is needed to understand how increased discharge from larger field tiles and drainage district mains may influence the efficiency of nutrient reduction in relation to the size, type, and landscape setting of a wetland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","collaboration":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., Hubbard, L.E., and P.Schubauer-Berigan, J., 2016, The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality, xii., 83 p. .","productDescription":"xii., 83 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-077913","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335923,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100PP42.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa ","otherGeospatial":"Lyons Creek, Prairie Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.82083892822266,\n 42.47893393507777\n ],\n [\n -93.81895065307617,\n 42.47830090850463\n ],\n [\n -93.75577926635742,\n 42.47627518043613\n ],\n [\n -93.7114906311035,\n 42.49399807755323\n ],\n [\n -93.71011734008789,\n 42.52196471770537\n ],\n [\n -93.74221801757812,\n 42.522217752342236\n ],\n [\n -93.78650665283203,\n 42.52348291015486\n ],\n [\n -93.82650375366211,\n 42.51791602414797\n ],\n [\n -93.82083892822266,\n 42.47893393507777\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.18819427490234,\n 42.43980086209991\n ],\n [\n -94.21548843383789,\n 42.4417010906216\n ],\n [\n -94.22029495239258,\n 42.38441557693553\n ],\n [\n -94.19540405273438,\n 42.38504955243599\n ],\n [\n -94.14527893066406,\n 42.38555672822687\n ],\n [\n -94.14459228515624,\n 42.39988275145449\n ],\n [\n -94.15197372436523,\n 42.43904075455518\n ],\n [\n -94.18819427490234,\n 42.43980086209991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c6e4b01ccd54fb27cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"P.Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph","contributorId":182023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"P.Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179551,"text":"70179551 - 2016 - Trends in mercury wet deposition and mercury air concentrations across the U.S. and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:53:27","indexId":"70179551","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in mercury wet deposition and mercury air concentrations across the U.S. and Canada","docAbstract":"This study examined the spatial and temporal trends of mercury (Hg) in wet deposition and air concentrations in the United States (U.S.) and Canada between 1997 and 2013. Data were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and Environment Canada monitoring networks, and other sources. Of the 19 sites with data records from 1997–2013, 53% had significant negative trends in Hg concentration in wet deposition, while no sites had significant positive trends, which is in general agreement with earlier studies that considered NADP data up until about 2010. However, for the time period 2007–2013 (71 sites), 17% and 13% of the sites had significant positive and negative trends, respectively, and for the time period 2008–2013 (81 sites) 30% and 6% of the sites had significant positive and negative trends, respectively. Non-significant positive tendencies were also widespread. Regional trend analyses revealed significant positive trends in Hg concentration in the Rocky Mountains, Plains, and Upper Midwest regions for the recent time periods in addition to significant positive trends in Hg deposition for the continent as a whole. Sulfate concentration trends in wet deposition were negative in all regions, suggesting a lower importance of local Hg sources. The trend in gaseous elemental Hg from short-term datasets merged as one continuous record was broadly consistent with trends in Hg concentration in wet deposition, with the early time period (1998–2007) producing a significantly negative trend (− 1.5 ± 0.2% year− 1) and the recent time period (2008–2013) displaying a flat slope (− 0.3 ± 0.1% year− 1, not significant). The observed shift to more positive or less negative trends in Hg wet deposition primarily seen in the Central-Western regions is consistent with the effects of rising Hg emissions from regions outside the U.S. and Canada and the influence of long-range transport in the free troposphere.
Defining habitat suitability criteria (HSC) of aquatic biota can be a key component to environmental flow science. HSC can be developed through numerous methods; however, few studies have evaluated the consistency of HSC developed by different methodologies. We directly compared HSC for depth and velocity developed by the Delphi method (expert opinion) and by two primary literature meta-analyses (literature-derived range and interquartile range) to assess whether these independent methods produce analogous criteria for multiple species (rainbow trout, brown trout, American shad, and shallow fast guild) and life stages. We further evaluated how these two independently developed HSC affect calculations of habitat availability under three alternative reservoir management scenarios in the upper Delaware River at a mesohabitat (main channel, stream margins, and flood plain), reach, and basin scale. In general, literature-derived HSC fell within the range of the Delphi HSC, with highest congruence for velocity habitat. Habitat area predicted using the Delphi HSC fell between the habitat area predicted using two literature-derived HSC, both at the basin and the site scale. Predicted habitat increased in shallow regions (stream margins and flood plain) using literature-derived HSC while Delphi-derived HSC predicted increased channel habitat. HSC generally favoured the same reservoir management scenario; however, no favoured reservoir management scenario was the most common outcome when applying the literature range HSC. The differences found in this study lend insight into how different methodologies can shape HSC and their consequences for predicted habitat and water management decisions. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3025","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., Blakeslee, C.J., Cole, J.C., Talbert, C., and Maloney, K.O., 2016, Evaluating methods to establish habitat suitability criteria: A case study in the upper Delaware River Basin, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 32, p. 1765-1775, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1765","endPage":"1775","ipdsId":"IP-066571","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 41.281934557995356\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 41.281934557995356\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -75.50354003906249,\n 41.281934557995356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc1e4b01ccd54f8b51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbert, Colin 0000-0002-9505-1876 talbertc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-1876","contributorId":181913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184970,"text":"70184970 - 2016 - Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:05:48","indexId":"70184970","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords","docAbstract":"To better understand the influence of glacier runoff on fjord ecosystems, we sampled oceanographic conditions, nutrients, zooplankton, forage fish and seabirds within 4 fjords in coastal areas of the Gulf Alaska. We used generalized additive models and geostatistics to identify the range of glacier runoff influence into coastal waters within fjords of varying estuarine influence and topographic complexity. We also modeled the response of depth-integrated chlorophyll a concentration, copepod biomass, fish and seabird abundance to physical, nutrient and biotic predictor variables. The effects of glacial runoff were traced at least 10 km into coastal fjords by cold, turbid, stratified and generally nutrient-rich near-surface conditions. Glacially modified physical gradients, nutrient availability and among-fjord differences explained 67% of the variation in phytoplankton abundance, which is a driver of ecosystem structure at higher trophic levels. Copepod, euphausiid, fish and seabird distribution and abundance were related to environmental gradients that could be traced to glacial freshwater input, particularly turbidity and temperature. Seabird density was predicted by prey availability and silicate concentrations, which may be a proxy for upwelling areas where this nutrient is in excess. Similarities in ecosystem structure among fjords were attributable to an influx of cold, fresh and sediment-laden water, whereas differences were likely related to fjord topography and local differences in estuarine vs. ocean influence. We anticipate that continued changes in the timing and volume of glacial runoff will ultimately alter coastal ecosystems in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps11888","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., and Mueter, F.J., 2016, Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 560, p. 19-40, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11888.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-066857","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11888","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PZ57P7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Kuskokwim Bay chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) energy density, distribution, and stomach data, 2004"},{"id":438541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072DR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Influence of Glacier Runoff on Ecosystem Structure in Gulf of Alaska Fjords 2004-2011"},{"id":337612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 57.314657355733274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"560","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cee4b0849ce97c86ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70181012,"text":"70181012 - 2016 - Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:08:08","indexId":"70181012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA","docAbstract":"This study investigated the potential for the uranium mineral carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O) to precipitate from evaporating groundwater in the Texas Panhandle region of the United States. The evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation was modeled with the USGS geochemical code PHREEQC using water-quality data from 100 groundwater wells downloaded from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database. While most modeled groundwater compositions precipitated calcite upon evaporation, not all groundwater became saturated with respect to carnotite with the system open to CO2. Thus, the formation of calcite is not a necessary condition for carnotite to form. Rather, the determining factor in achieving carnotite saturation was the evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation following calcite precipitation. Modeling in this study showed that if the initial major-ion groundwater composition was dominated by calcium-magnesium-sulfate (>70 precent Ca + Mg and >50 percent SO4 + Cl) or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (>70 percent Ca + Mg and <70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was greater than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa+2 > mHCO3− + 2mCO3−2) carnotite saturation was achieved. If, however, the initial major-ion groundwater composition is sodium-bicarbonate (varying amounts of Na, 40–100 percent Na), calcium-sodium-sulfate, or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate composition (>70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was less than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa+2 < mHCO3- + 2mCO3−2) carnotite saturation was not achieved. In systems open to CO2, carnotite saturation occurred in most samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 95 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 ranging from 10−3.5 to 10−2.5 atm. Carnotite saturation occurred in a few samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 98 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 equal to 10−2.0 atm. Carnotite saturation did not occur in any groundwater with the system closed to CO2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.004","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., and Yager, D.B., 2016, Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 73, p. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-069663","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 33.925129700072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589fff23e4b099f50d3e0450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":663275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178695,"text":"70178695 - 2016 - Undergraduate research projects help promote diversity in the geosciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:26:11","indexId":"70178695","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Undergraduate research projects help promote diversity in the geosciences","docAbstract":"A workforce that draws from all segments of society and mirrors the ethnic, racial, and gender\r\ndiversity of the United States population is important. The geosciences (geology, hydrology,\r\ngeospatial sciences, environmental sciences) continue to lag far behind other science, technology,\r\nengineering and mathematical (STEM) disciplines in recruiting and retaining minorities (Valsco\r\nand Valsco, 2010). A report published by the National Science Foundation in 2015, “Women,\r\nMinorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering” states that from 2002 to\r\n2012, less than 2% of the geoscience degrees were awarded to African-American students. Data\r\nalso show that as of 2012, approximately 30% of African-American Ph.D. graduates obtained a\r\nbachelor’s degree from a Historic Black College or University (HBCU), indicating that HBCUs\r\nare a great source of diverse students for the geosciences. This paper reviews how an informal\r\npartnership between Tennessee State University (a HBCU), the U.S. Geological Survey, and\r\nMammoth Cave National Park engaged students in scientific research and increased the number\r\nof students pursuing employment or graduate degrees in the geosciences.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings for Celebrating the Diversity of Research in the Mammoth Cave Region: 11th Research Symposium at Mammoth Cave National Park","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Young, D., Trimboli, S., Toomey, R.S., and Byl, T.D., 2016, Undergraduate research projects help promote diversity in the geosciences, in Proceedings for Celebrating the Diversity of Research in the Mammoth Cave Region: 11th Research Symposium at Mammoth Cave National Park, p. 108-113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-072862","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331450,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146&context=mc_reserch_symp"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833023e4b0d00231637790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, De’Etra","contributorId":177163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"De’Etra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trimboli, Shannon","contributorId":177164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trimboli","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toomey, Rick S.","contributorId":177165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toomey","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byl, Thomas D. 0000-0001-6907-9149 tdbyl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-9149","contributorId":583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178591,"text":"70178591 - 2016 - Primary production in the Delta: Then and now","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T15:42:44","indexId":"70178591","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary production in the Delta: Then and now","docAbstract":"To evaluate the role of restoration in the recovery of the Delta ecosystem, we need to have clear targets and performance measures that directly assess ecosystem function. Primary production is a crucial ecosystem process, which directly limits the quality and quantity of food available for secondary consumers such as invertebrates and fish. The Delta has a low rate of primary production, but it is unclear whether this was always the case. Recent analyses from the Historical Ecology Team and Delta Landscapes Project provide quantitative comparisons of the areal extent of 14 habitat types in the modern Delta versus the historical Delta (pre-1850). Here we describe an approach for using these metrics of land use change to: (1) produce the first quantitative estimates of how Delta primary production and the relative contributions from five different producer groups have been altered by large-scale drainage and conversion to agriculture; (2) convert these production estimates into a common currency so the contributions of each producer group reflect their food quality and efficiency of transfer to consumers; and (3) use simple models to discover how tidal exchange between marshes and open water influences primary production and its consumption. Application of this approach could inform Delta management in two ways. First, it would provide a quantitative estimate of how large-scale conversion to agriculture has altered the Delta's capacity to produce food for native biota. Second, it would provide restoration practitioners with a new approach—based on ecosystem function—to evaluate the success of restoration projects and gauge the trajectory of ecological recovery in the Delta region.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art1","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Robinson, A., Richey, A., Grenier, L., Grossinger, R., Boyer, K.E., Burau, J., Canuel, E.A., DeGeorge, J.F., Drexler, J., Enright, C., Howe, E.R., Kneib, R., Mueller-Solger, A., Naiman, R.J., Pinckney, J.L., Safran, S.M., Schoellhamer, D., and Simenstad, C.A., 2016, Primary production in the Delta: Then and now: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 3, no. 14, Article 1; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art1.","productDescription":"Article 1; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075429","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss3art1","text":"Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff34de4b04fc80e437260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, April","contributorId":177066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"April","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richey, Amy","contributorId":177067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richey","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grenier, Letitia","contributorId":177085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenier","given":"Letitia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27771,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute – Aquatic Science Center, Richmond, CA 94804","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grossinger, Robin","contributorId":139253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossinger","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyer, Katharyn E.","contributorId":177069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Katharyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burau, Jon 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":152695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Canuel, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canuel","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeGeorge, John 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R.","contributorId":177088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howe","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17978,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kneib, Ronald","contributorId":177089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kneib","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mueller-Solger, Anke","contributorId":99059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller-Solger","given":"Anke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Naiman, Robert J.","contributorId":51147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pinckney, James L.","contributorId":177090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinckney","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27670,"text":"Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Safran, Samuel M.","contributorId":177091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safran","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27771,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute – Aquatic Science Center, Richmond, CA 94804","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Simenstad, Charles A.","contributorId":88477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simenstad","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70178430,"text":"70178430 - 2016 - Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:49:02","indexId":"70178430","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada","docAbstract":"The east-central Great Basin near the Utah-Nevada border contains two great \ngroundwater flow systems. The first, the White River regional groundwater \nflow system, consists of a string of hydraulically connected hydrographic basins \nin Nevada spanning about 270 miles from north to south. The northernmost \nbasin is Long Valley and the southernmost basin is the Black Mountain area, a \nvalley bordering the Colorado River. The general regional groundwater flow \ndirection is north to south. The second flow system, the Great Salt Lake Desert \nregional groundwater flow system, consists of hydrographic basins that straddle\nthe Utah-Nevada border, with a length of about 150 miles from north to south. \nThe general regional groundwater flow direction is from south to north towards \nthe Great Salt Lake Desert.\n\nFor 15 years with support from the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), \nhydrologists, geologists, and geophysicists studied the basin connections and \nthe groundwater resources in these and adjacent flow systems over an area of \nabout 25,000 square miles. A major first part of the SNWA study was \nconstructing a 3-dimensional digital hydrogeologic framework based on \ngeologic maps and cross sections at 1:250,000 scale. This framework \ndocuments the presence of three major aquifers: (1) Paleozoic carbonate \nrocks, (2) Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks, and (3) Miocene to Holocene \nbasin-fill sediments, as well as confining units that constrain flow. We \ninterpret that movement of most groundwater through and across basins is by \nfracture-dominated flow along faults/fractures, yet in most places flow is \nprevented or retarded across faults, so mapping structures gives a first \napproximation to conduits and barriers to flow.\n\nThe most important structures by far are high-angle normal faults of the \nbasin-range episode of east-west extensional deformation. This event \nbegan at about 20 Ma, although most deformation and the formation of the \npresent topography took place between 10 Ma and present. This topography \nconsists of north-trending basins (mostly grabens) that alternate with north-\ntrending ranges (mostly horsts); erosion of the ranges filled the basins with \nclastic alluvial basin-fill deposits.\n\nGeophysics provides data on the third dimension (cross sections) of the \nhydrogeologic framework. Audiomagnetotelluric profiles and gravity \ninversion located faults and enabled us to estimate thicknesses of basin-fill \ndeposits. To this framework, hydrologic studies addressed precipitation, \nsurface water, and springs, as well as groundwater levels, volumes, \ngeochemistry, water budgets, and monitoring. At nearly the same time as \nour study, the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) and U.S. Geological Survey \n(USGS) addressed the same issues in many of the same areas, and publication \nof the efforts by all three agencies reveals a surprising similarity of conclusions, \nwith some critical exceptions, which therefore demonstrates the great value of \nmany scientists independently studying the same complex scientific problem. \nThe differences in conclusions include directions and volumes of some ground-\nwater flow paths, such as one proposed by the USGS of unlikely groundwater \nflow from Steptoe Valley to southern Snake Valley, and another proposed by the \nUGS of unlikely significant groundwater recharge flow from the Snake Range to \nthe Fish Springs complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Resources and Geo- logy of Utah's West Desert","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geologic Association","usgsCitation":"Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., Watrus, J.M., Burns, A.G., Mankinen, E.A., McKee, E.H., Pari, K.T., Ekren, E.B., and Patrick, W.G., 2016, Geology, selected geophysics, and hydrogeology of the White River and parts of the Great Salt Lake Desert regional groundwater flow systems, Utah and Nevada, chap. of Resources and Geo- logy of Utah's West Desert, v. 45, p. 167-200.","productDescription":"34 p. 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mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":673665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pari, Keith T.","contributorId":184155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pari","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ekren, E. Bartlett","contributorId":47644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bartlett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patrick, William G.","contributorId":184151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70176847,"text":"70176847 - 2016 - Variation of organic matter quantity and quality in streams at Critical Zone Observatory watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:38:06","indexId":"70176847","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of organic matter quantity and quality in streams at Critical Zone Observatory watersheds","docAbstract":"The quantity and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters influence ecosystem processes and anthropogenic use of freshwater. However, despite the importance of understanding spatial and temporal patterns in DOM, measures of DOM quality are not routinely included as part of large-scale ecosystem monitoring programs and variations in analytical procedures can introduce artifacts. In this study, we used consistent sampling and analytical methods to meet the objective of defining variability in DOM quantity and quality and other measures of water quality in streamflow issuing from small forested watersheds located within five Critical Zone Observatory sites representing contrasting environmental conditions. Results show distinct separations among sites as a function of water quality constituents. Relationships among rates of atmospheric deposition, water quality conditions, and stream DOM quantity and quality are consistent with the notion that areas with relatively high rates of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition and high concentrations of divalent cations result in selective transport of DOM derived from microbial sources, including in-stream microbial phototrophs. We suggest that the critical zone as a whole strongly influences the origin, composition, and fate of DOM in streams. This study highlights the value of consistent DOM characterization methods included as part of long-term monitoring programs for improving our understanding of interactions among ecosystem processes as controls on DOM biogeochemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016WR018970","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Boyer, E.W., McKnight, D.M., Brown, M.G., Gabor, R.S., Hunsaker, C.T., Iavorivska, L., Inamdar, S., Kaplan, L.A., Johnson, D.W., Lin, H., McDowell, W.H., and Perdrial, J.N., 2016, Variation of organic matter quantity and quality in streams at Critical Zone Observatory watersheds: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 10, p. 8202-8216, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018970.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8202","endPage":"8216","ipdsId":"IP-066628","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dde4b077fc20250e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Michael G.","contributorId":175231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gabor, Rachel S.","contributorId":177335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabor","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunsaker, Carolyn T.","contributorId":177336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iavorivska, Lidiia","contributorId":175230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iavorivska","given":"Lidiia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Inamdar, Shreeram","contributorId":177337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inamdar","given":"Shreeram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kaplan, Louis A.","contributorId":177339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplan","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Dale W.","contributorId":177338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lin, Henry","contributorId":76636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McDowell, William H.","contributorId":97233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Perdrial, Julia N.","contributorId":177340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perdrial","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70176822,"text":"70176822 - 2016 - Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial events in the Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield, southern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T11:54:47","indexId":"70176822","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial events in the Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield, southern Chile","docAbstract":"The Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) is the primary glaciated terrain worldwide at its latitude (46.5–47.5°S), and constraining its glacial history provides unique information for reconstructing Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate. The Colonia Glacier is the largest outlet glacier draining the eastern NPI. Ages were determined using dendrochronology, lichenometry, radiocarbon, cosmogenic 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence. Dated moraines in the Colonia valley defined advances at 13.2 ± 0.95, 11.0 ± 0.47 and 4.96 ± 0.21 ka, with the last being the first constraint on the onset of Neoglaciation for the eastern NPI from a directly dated landform. Dating in the tributary Cachet valley, which contains an ice-dammed lake during periods of Colonia Glacier expansion, defined an advance at ca. 2.95 ± 0.21 ka, periods of advancement at 810 ± 49 cal a BP and 245 ± 13 cal a BP, and retreat during the intervening periods. Recent Colonia Glacier thinning, which began in the late 1800s, opened a lower-elevation outlet channel for Lago Cachet Dos in ca. 1960. Our data provide the most comprehensive set of Latest Pleistocene and Holocene ages for a single NPI outlet glacier and expand previously developed NPI glacial chronologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.2847","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Mcgrath, D., Mahan, S.A., Friesen, B.A., and Leidich, J., 2016, Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial events in the Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield, southern Chile: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 31, no. 6, p. 551-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2847.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"564","ipdsId":"IP-061075","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2847","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0863037109375,\n -47.65428791076271\n ],\n [\n -74.0863037109375,\n -46.38862233816169\n ],\n [\n -72.66632080078125,\n -46.38862233816169\n ],\n [\n -72.66632080078125,\n -47.65428791076271\n ],\n [\n -74.0863037109375,\n -47.65428791076271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679de4b0824b2d14370b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friesen, Beverly A. bafriesen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"Beverly","email":"bafriesen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leidich, Jonathan","contributorId":139703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leidich","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12885,"text":"Patagonia Adventure Expeditions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178391,"text":"70178391 - 2016 - Negative impacts of invasive plants on conservation of sensitive desert wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T09:52:46","indexId":"70178391","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negative impacts of invasive plants on conservation of sensitive desert wildlife","docAbstract":"Habitat disturbance from development, resource extraction, off-road vehicle use, and energy development ranks highly among threats to desert systems worldwide. In the Mojave Desert, United States, these disturbances have promoted the establishment of nonnative plants, so that native grasses and forbs are now intermixed with, or have been replaced by invasive, nonnative Mediterranean grasses. This shift in plant composition has altered food availability for Mojave Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), a federally listed species. We hypothesized that this change in forage would negatively influence the physiological ecology, immune competence, and health of neonatal and yearling tortoises. To test this, we monitored the effects of diet on growth, body condition, immunological responses (measured by gene transcription), and survival for 100 captive Mojave tortoises. Tortoises were assigned to one of five diets: native forbs, native grass, invasive grass, and native forbs combined with either the native or invasive grass. Tortoises eating native forbs had better body condition and immune functions, grew more, and had higher survival rates (>95%) than tortoises consuming any other diet. At the end of the experiment, 32% of individuals fed only native grass and 37% fed only invasive grass were found dead or removed from the experiment due to poor body conditions. In contrast, all tortoises fed either the native forb or combined native forb and native grass diets survived and were in good condition. Health and body condition quickly declined for tortoises fed only the native grass (Festuca octoflora) or invasive grass (Bromus rubens) with notable loss of fat and muscle mass and increased muscular atrophy. Bromus rubens seeds were found embedded in the oral mucosa and tongue in most individuals eating that diet, which led to mucosal inflammation. Genes indicative of physiological, immune, and metabolic functions were transcribed at lower levels for individuals fed B. rubens, indicating potential greater susceptibility to disease or other health-related problems. This study highlights the negative indirect effects of invasive grasses, such as red brome, in desert ecosystems, and provides definitive evidence of a larger negative consequence to health, survival, and ultimately population recruitment for Mojave Desert tortoises than previously understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1531","usgsCitation":"Drake, K.K., Bowen, L., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., Berger, A.J., Custer, N., Waters-Dynes, S.C., Johnson, J.D., Miles, A.K., and Lewison, R., 2016, Negative impacts of invasive plants on conservation of sensitive desert wildlife: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 10, e01531; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1531.","productDescription":"e01531; 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-072979","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1531","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582dd8eae4b04d580bd3fa93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, K. Kristina","contributorId":175153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":138964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berger, Andrew J.","contributorId":176904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Custer, Nathan ncuster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Nathan","email":"ncuster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waters-Dynes, Shannon C. 0000-0002-9707-4684 swaters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-4684","contributorId":5826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters-Dynes","given":"Shannon","email":"swaters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Jay D.","contributorId":176906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lewison, Rebecca L.","contributorId":79812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewison","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70191951,"text":"70191951 - 2016 - A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T11:25:32","indexId":"70191951","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery","docAbstract":"Unintentional and illegal introductions of species disrupt food webs and threaten the success of managed sport fisheries. Although many populations of Burbot Lota lota are declining in the species’ native range, a nonnative population recently expanded into Flaming Gorge Reservoir (FGR), Wyoming–Utah, and threatens to disrupt predator–prey interactions within this popular sport fishery. To determine potential impacts on sport fishes, especially trophy Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, we assessed the relative abundance of Burbot and quantified the potential trophic or food web impacts of this population by using diet, stable isotope, and bioenergetic analyses. We did not detect a significant potential for food resource competition between Burbot and Lake Trout (Schoener’s overlap index = 0.13), but overall consumption by Burbot likely affects other sport fishes, as indicated by our analyses of trophic niche space. Diet analyses suggested that crayfish were important diet items across time (89.3% of prey by weight in autumn; 49.4% in winter) and across Burbot size-classes (small: 77.5% of prey by weight; medium: 76.6%; large: 39.7%). However, overall consumption by Burbot increases as water temperatures cool, and fish consumption by Burbot in FGR was observed to increase during winter. Specifically, large Burbot consumed more salmonids, and we estimated (bioenergetically) that up to 70% of growth occurred in late autumn and winter. Further, our population-wide consumption estimates indicated that Burbot could consume up to double the biomass of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked annually (>1.3 × 105 kg; >1 million individuals) into FGR. Overall, we provide some of the first information regarding Burbot trophic interactions outside of the species’ native range; these findings can help to inform the management of sport fisheries if Burbot range expansion occurs elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1227372","usgsCitation":"Klobucar, S., Saunders, W.C., and Budy, P., 2016, A Lota lota consumption: Trophic dynamics of nonnative Burbot in a valuable sport fishery: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 6, p. 1386-1398, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1227372.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1398","ipdsId":"IP-074691","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -109.35516357421874,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -109.35516357421874,\n 41.52297326747377\n ],\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 41.52297326747377\n ],\n [\n -109.74517822265624,\n 40.875103022165824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b997e4b05fe04cd65ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klobucar, Stephen L.","contributorId":172291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klobucar","given":"Stephen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saunders, W. Carl","contributorId":46883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193041,"text":"70193041 - 2016 - Comparative use of side and main channels by small-bodied fish in a large, unimpounded river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T16:39:50","indexId":"70193041","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative use of side and main channels by small-bodied fish in a large, unimpounded river","docAbstract":"A synthesis of published vegetation mercury (Hg) data across 11 contiguous states in the western United States showed that aboveground biomass concentrations followed the order: leaves (26 μg kg− 1) ~ branches (26 μg kg− 1) > bark (16 μg kg− 1) > bole wood (1 μg kg− 1). No spatial trends of Hg in aboveground biomass distribution were detected, which likely is due to very sparse data coverage and different sampling protocols. Vegetation data are largely lacking for important functional vegetation types such as shrubs, herbaceous species, and grasses.
Soil concentrations collected from the published literature were high in the western United States, with 12% of observations exceeding 100 μg kg− 1, reflecting a bias toward investigations in Hg-enriched sites. In contrast, soil Hg concentrations from a randomly distributed data set (1911 sampling points; Smith et al., 2013a) averaged 24 μg kg− 1 (A-horizon) and 22 μg kg− 1 (C-horizon), and only 2.6% of data exceeded 100 μg kg− 1. Soil Hg concentrations significantly differed among land covers, following the order: forested upland > planted/cultivated > herbaceous upland/shrubland > barren soils. Concentrations in forests were on average 2.5 times higher than in barren locations. Principal component analyses showed that soil Hg concentrations were not or weakly related to modeled dry and wet Hg deposition and proximity to mining, geothermal areas, and coal-fired power plants. Soil Hg distribution also was not closely related to other trace metals, but strongly associated with organic carbon, precipitation, canopy greenness, and foliar Hg pools of overlying vegetation. These patterns indicate that soil Hg concentrations are related to atmospheric deposition and reflect an overwhelming influence of plant productivity — driven by water availability — with productive landscapes showing high soil Hg accumulation and unproductive barren soils and shrublands showing low soil Hg values. Large expanses of low-productivity, arid ecosystems across the western U.S. result in some of the lowest soil Hg concentrations observed worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.104","usgsCitation":"Obrist, D., Pearson, C., Webster, J., Kane, T., Lin, C., Aiken, G.R., and Alpers, C.N., 2016, A synthesis of terrestrial mercury in the western United States: Spatial distribution defined by land cover and plant productivity: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 522-535, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"535","ipdsId":"IP-070736","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"568","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82ae4b0d1f9f060a184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obrist, Daniel","contributorId":172155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obrist","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16138,"text":"Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Christopher","contributorId":49278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, Jackson","contributorId":172157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Jackson","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Tyler J. 0000-0003-2511-7312","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-7312","contributorId":194675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Tyler J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lin, Che-Jen","contributorId":167257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Che-Jen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24666,"text":"Lamar University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188153,"text":"70188153 - 2016 - Lateral and subsurface flows impact arctic coastal plain lake water budgets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T16:43:24","indexId":"70188153","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral and subsurface flows impact arctic coastal plain lake water budgets","docAbstract":"Arctic thaw lakes are an important source of water for aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and humans. Many recent studies have observed changes in Arctic surface waters related to climate warming and permafrost thaw; however, explaining the trends and predicting future responses to warming is difficult without a stronger fundamental understanding of Arctic lake water budgets. By measuring and simulating surface and subsurface hydrologic fluxes, this work quantified the water budgets of three lakes with varying levels of seasonal drainage, and tested the hypothesis that lateral and subsurface flows are a major component of the post-snowmelt water budgets. A water budget focused only on post-snowmelt surface water fluxes (stream discharge, precipitation, and evaporation) could not close the budget for two of three lakes, even when uncertainty in input parameters was rigorously considered using a Monte Carlo approach. The water budgets indicated large, positive residuals, consistent with up to 70% of mid-summer inflows entering lakes from lateral fluxes. Lateral inflows and outflows were simulated based on three processes; supra-permafrost subsurface inflows from basin-edge polygonal ground, and exchange between seasonally drained lakes and their drained margins through runoff and evapotranspiration. Measurements and simulations indicate that rapid subsurface flow through highly conductive flowpaths in the polygonal ground can explain the majority of the inflow. Drained lakes were hydrologically connected to marshy areas on the lake margins, receiving water from runoff following precipitation and losing up to 38% of lake efflux to drained margin evapotranspiration. Lateral fluxes can be a major part of Arctic thaw lake water budgets and a major control on summertime lake water levels. Incorporating these dynamics into models will improve our ability to predict lake volume changes, solute fluxes, and habitat availability in the changing Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10917","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., 2016, Lateral and subsurface flows impact arctic coastal plain lake water budgets: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 21, p. 3918-3931, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10917.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3918","endPage":"3931","ipdsId":"IP-064008","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59327926e4b0e9bd0eab5513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192941,"text":"70192941 - 2016 - Sex-biased survivorship and differences in migration of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts from two coastal Oregon rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T18:57:43.443685","indexId":"70192941","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sex-biased survivorship and differences in migration of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts from two coastal Oregon rivers","title":"Sex-biased survivorship and differences in migration of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts from two coastal Oregon rivers","docAbstract":"In salmonids with partial migration, females are more likely than males to undergo smoltification and migrate to the ocean (vs. maturing in freshwater). However, it is not known whether sex affects survivorship during smolt migration (from fresh water to entry into the ocean). We captured wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in two coastal Oregon rivers (USA) and collected fin tissue samples for genetic sex determination (2009; N = 70 in the Alsea and N = 69 in the Nehalem, 2010; N = 25 in the Alsea). We implanted acoustic tags and monitored downstream migration and survival until entry in to the Pacific Ocean. Survival was defined as detection at an estuary/ocean transition array. We found no effect of sex on smolt survivorship in the Nehalem River in 2009, or in the Alsea River in 2010. However, males exhibited significantly lower survival than females in the Alsea River during 2009. Residency did not influence this result as an equal proportion of males and females did not reach the estuary entrance (11% of males, 9% of females). The sexes did not differ in timing or duration of migration, so those variables seem unlikely to explain sex-biased survivorship. Larger males had higher odds of survival than smaller males in 2009, but the body size of females did not affect survivorship. The difference in survivorship between years in the Alsea River could be due to flow conditions, which were higher in 2010 than in 2009. Our findings suggest that sex may affect steelhead smolt survival during migration, but that the difference in survivorship may be weak and not a strong factor influencing adult sex ratios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12242","usgsCitation":"Thompson, N.F., Leblanc, C.A., Romer, J.D., Schreck, C.B., Blouin, M.S., and Noakes, D.L., 2016, Sex-biased survivorship and differences in migration of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts from two coastal Oregon rivers: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 4, p. 642-651, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12242.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"651","ipdsId":"IP-064960","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Alsea River, Nehalem River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.958740234375,\n 45.64524825291491\n ],\n [\n -123.59001159667969,\n 45.64524825291491\n ],\n [\n -123.59001159667969,\n 45.8536734968093\n ],\n [\n -123.958740234375,\n 45.8536734968093\n ],\n [\n -123.958740234375,\n 45.64524825291491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.08782958984375,\n 44.321391883338244\n ],\n [\n -123.69438171386719,\n 44.321391883338244\n ],\n [\n -123.69438171386719,\n 44.46809119658819\n ],\n [\n -124.08782958984375,\n 44.46809119658819\n ],\n [\n -124.08782958984375,\n 44.321391883338244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9c5e4b09af898c8cc4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Neil F.","contributorId":171758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leblanc, Camille A.","contributorId":200088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leblanc","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romer, Jeremy D.","contributorId":171684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romer","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blouin, Michael S.","contributorId":171760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blouin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noakes, David L. G.","contributorId":195116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noakes","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194117,"text":"70194117 - 2016 - Using smooth sheets to describe groundfish habitat in Alaskan waters, with specific application to two flatfishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:21:14","indexId":"70194117","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5536,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using smooth sheets to describe groundfish habitat in Alaskan waters, with specific application to two flatfishes","docAbstract":"In this analysis we demonstrate how preferred fish habitat can be predicted and mapped for juveniles of two Alaskan groundfish species – Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) – at five sites (Kiliuda Bay, Izhut Bay, Port Dick, Aialik Bay, and the Barren Islands) in the central Gulf of Alaska. The method involves using geographic information system (GIS) software to extract appropriate information from National Ocean Service (NOS) smooth sheets that are available from NGDC (the National Geophysical Data Center). These smooth sheets are highly detailed charts that include more soundings, substrates, shoreline and feature information than the more commonly-known navigational charts. By bringing the information from smooth sheets into a GIS, a variety of surfaces, such as depth, slope, rugosity and mean grain size were interpolated into raster surfaces. Other measurements such as site openness, shoreline length, proportion of bay that is near shore, areas of rocky reefs and kelp beds, water volumes, surface areas and vertical cross-sections were also made in order to quantify differences between the study sites. Proper GIS processing also allows linking the smooth sheets to other data sets, such as orthographic satellite photographs, topographic maps and precipitation estimates from which watersheds and runoff can be derived. This same methodology can be applied to larger areas, taking advantage of these free data sets to describe predicted groundfish essential fish habitat (EFH) in Alaskan waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.020","usgsCitation":"Zimmermann, M., Reid, J.A., and Golden, N.E., 2016, Using smooth sheets to describe groundfish habitat in Alaskan waters, with specific application to two flatfishes: Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 132, p. 210-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.020.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-064195","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 56.5\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 56.5\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 56.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fcb7e4b06e28e9c24160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmermann, Mark 0000-0002-5786-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-3814","contributorId":200380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. 0000-0001-6007-6486 ngolden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-6486","contributorId":146220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178310,"text":"70178310 - 2016 - Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:17:58","indexId":"70178310","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction","docAbstract":"Land subsidence includes both gentle downwarping and sudden sinking of\nsegments of the land surface. Major anthropogenic causes of land subsidence\nare extraction of fluids including water, oil, and gas. Measurement and detec-\ntion of land subsidence include both ground-based and remotely sensed air-\nborne and space-based methods. Methods for measurement of subsidence at\npoints include differential leveling, global positioning system surveys, and\nextensometers. Satellite-borne differential interferometric synthetic aperture\nradar and airborne LiDAR techniques can detect land-surface movement over\nwide areas of interest. Aquifer-system compaction and subsidence owing to\ngroundwater extraction typically occurs in areas of unconsolidated alluvial or\nbasin-fill aquifer systems comprising aquifers and aquitards. Approaches to\nanalyzing and modeling deformation of aquifer systems follow from the basic\nrelations between head, stress, compressibility, and groundwater flow.\nAnalysis and simulation of aquifer-system compaction have been addressed\nprimarily using either an approach based on conventional groundwater flow\ntheory or an approach based on linear poroelasticity theory. Both approaches\nrely on the principle of effective stress outlined by Karl Terzaghi in 1925. In\nthe approach based on conventional groundwater flow theory, an aquitard\ndrainage model explains the compaction of fine grained material using the\nprinciple of effective stress and theory of hydrodynamic lag. Packages for the\nwidely-used MODFLOW groundwater model are available to simulate aqui-\nfer-system compaction and land subsidence using the aquitard-drainage\napproach. Poroelasticity theory describes the more fully coupled processes of\ngroundwater flow and three-dimensional deformation of aquifer systems.\nThe general theory accounts for compressible fluid, porous matrix and solid\ngrains. Simulation codes using the poroelastic theory include some commer-\ncial software products and a few research codes.","largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of applied hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"McGraw-Hill Education","isbn":"9780071835091","usgsCitation":"Galloway, D.L., and Leake, S.A., 2016, Regional land subsidence caused by the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems accompanying groundwater extraction, chap. of Handbook of applied hydrology, p. 56.1-56.11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"56.1","endPage":"56.11","ipdsId":"IP-066741","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ae4b0849ce97dc744","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684832,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175670,"text":"ofr20161124 - 2016 - Laboratory evaluation of the Design Analysis Associates DAA H-3613i radar water-level sensor—Results of temperature, distance, and SDI-12 tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-03T11:42:46","indexId":"ofr20161124","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1124","title":"Laboratory evaluation of the Design Analysis Associates DAA H-3613i radar water-level sensor—Results of temperature, distance, and SDI-12 tests","docAbstract":"The Design Analysis Associates (DAA) DAA H-3613i radar water-level sensor (DAA H-3613i), manufactured by Xylem Incorporated, was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) for conformance to manufacturer’s accuracy specifications for measuring a distance throughout the sensor’s operating temperature range, for measuring distances from 3 to 15 feet at ambient temperatures, and for compliance with the SDI-12 serial-to-digital interface at 1200-baud communication standard. The DAA H-3613i is a noncontact water-level sensor that uses pulsed radar to measure the distance between the radar and the water surface from 0.75 to 131 feet over a temperature range of −40 to 60 degrees Celsius (°C). Manufacturer accuracy specifications that were evaluated, the test procedures that followed, and the results obtained are described in this report. The sensor’s accuracy specification of ± 0.01 feet (± 3 millimeters) meets USGS requirements for a primary water-stage sensor used in the operation of a streamgage. The sensor met the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for water-level measurements during temperature testing at a distance of 8 feet from the target over its temperature-compensated operating range of −40 to 60 °C, except at 60 °C. At 60 °C, about half the measurements exceeded the manufacturer’s accuracy specification by not more than 0.005 feet.The sensor met the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for water-level measurements during distance-accuracy testing at the tested distances from 3 to 15 feet above the water surface at the HIF.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161124","usgsCitation":"Carnley, M.V., 2016, Laboratory evaluation of the Design Analysis Associates DAA H-3613i radar water-level sensor—Results of temperature, distance, and SDI-12 tests: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1124, 7 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161124. ","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071442","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329213,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1124/ofr20161124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1124"}],"contact":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
Bridge-scour equations presented in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 reflect the current state-of-the practice for predicting scour at bridges. Although these laboratory-derived equations provide an important resource for assessing scour potential, there is a measure of uncertainty when applying these equations to field conditions. The uncertainty and limitations have been acknowledged by laboratory researchers and confirmed in field investigations.
Because of the uncertainty associated with bridge-scour equations, HEC-18 recommends that engineers evaluate the computed scour depths obtained from the equations and modify the resulting data if they appear unreasonable. Perhaps the best way to evaluate the reasonableness of predicted scour is to compare it to field measurements of historic scour. Historic field data show scour depths resulting from high flows and provide a reference for evaluating predicted scour. It is rare, however, that such data are available at or near a site of interest, making the evaluation of predicted scour as compared to field data difficult if not impossible. Realizing the value of historic scour measurements, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), conducted a series of three field investigations to collect historic scour data with the goal of understanding regional trends of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.
Historic scour measurements, including measurements of clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, as well as live-bed contraction and pier scour, were made at more than 200 bridges. These field investigations provided valuable insights into regional scour trends and yielded regional bridge-scour envelope curves that can be used as supplementary tools for assessing all components of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.
The application and limitations of these envelope curves were documented in four reports. Because each report addresses different components of bridge scour, it was recognized that there was a need to develop an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves to help assess scour potential at riverine bridges in South Carolina. The result of that effort is detailed in Benedict and others (2016) and summarized in this fact sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S.T., Feaster, T.D., and Caldwell, A.W., 2016, Assessing potential scour using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016-3065, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163065.","productDescription":"2 p. 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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://sc.water.usgs.gov/
Multiple sampling trips during calendar years 2013 through 2015 were coordinated to provide measurements of interdependent benthic processes that potentially affect contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon. The measurements were motivated by recognition that such internal processes (for example, solute benthic flux, bioturbation and solute efflux by benthic invertebrates, and physical groundwater-surface water interactions) were not integrated into existing management models for UKL. Up until 2013, all of the benthic-flux studies generally had been limited spatially to a number of sites in the northern part of UKL and limited temporally to 2–3 samplings per year. All of the benthic invertebrate studies also had been limited to the northern part of the lake; however, intensive temporal (weekly) studies had previously been completed independent of benthic-flux studies. Therefore, knowledge of both the spatial and temporal variability in benthic flux and benthic invertebrate distributions for the entire lake was lacking. To address these limitations, we completed a lakewide spatial study during 2013 and a coordinated temporal study with weekly sampling of benthic flux and benthic invertebrates during 2014. Field design of the spatially focused study in 2013 involved 21 sites sampled three times as the summer cyanobacterial bloom developed (that is, May 23, June 13, and July 3, 2013). Results of the 27-week, temporally focused study of one site in 2014 were summarized and partitioned into three periods (referred to herein as pre-bloom, bloom and post-bloom periods), each period involving 9 weeks of profiler deployments, water column and benthic sampling. Partitioning of the pre-bloom, bloom, and post-bloom periods were based on water-column chlorophyll concentrations and involved the following date intervals, respectively: April 15 through June 10, June 17 through August 13, and August 20 through October 16, 2014.
To examine dissolved-solute (0.2-micrometer [μm] filtered) benthic flux, sets of nonmetallic pore-water profilers (U.S. Patent 8,051,727 B1) were deployed. In 2013, the deployment of profilers at 21 UKL sites occurred at the beginning of the annual cyanobacterial bloom of Aphanizomenon flos–aquae (AFA), in the middle of the bloom period, and at the peak of the bloom. Coordinated benthic invertebrate collections also were made. Based on results from 2013, weekly deployments of profilers and collection of benthic invertebrate samples from late spring to early autumn were used to estimate temporal trends in solute flux and benthic invertebrate densities. Estimates of nutrient efflux by benthic invertebrates were determined in the spring and autumn from 2011 through 2013 and three times (spring, summer, and autumn) in 2015. This work extends UKL studies that began in 2006 to quantify the importance of benthic solute sources in the lake. In 2015, piezometers and thermistor sets were deployed to quantify potential groundwater exchange with the lake water column.
Analysis of the 2013 soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) benthic flux indicated no effect of location (lake region), habitat, or sampling period, and the average lakewide flux values were consistent with earlier studies that had been confined to the northern region of UKL and adjacent wetlands. The 2014 study therefore focused on estimating temporal trends at a site within Ball Bay. During both 2013 and 2014 field studies, fluxes of macronutrients (soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonia) and micronutrients (iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]) were consistently positive and increased prior to the initial AFA bloom, varied or lagged with water-column chlorophyll during the summer bloom period, then decreased after the cyanobacterial blooms, only to rebound toward pre-bloom conditions in the final weeks of sampling. These four solutes exhibited benthic loads greater than maximum riverine loads estimated during the spring and early summers of 2013 and 2014. However, consistently detectable concentrations for all four solutes provide no evidence that they consistently serve as the limiting nutrient for primary production in the lake. In contrast to the four solutes (SRP, ammonia, Fe, and Mn), benthic fluxes of dissolved arsenic (As) were both negative and positive (that is, the lakebed currently serves as both a source and a sink for dissolved As, depending on season). In a further contrast with SRP, ammonia, dissolved Fe, and Mn, dissolved-As riverine loads to UKL were of similar magnitude to benthic loads. A negative relationship between dissolved-As flux and water-column As over the 2014 temporal study provides a potential advantage for the management of water-quality in contrast to solutes, like SRP or ammonia, with consistently positive flux.
The mean total benthic invertebrate density during 2013 was 12,610 individuals per square meter (n=63). Although benthic invertebrate density did not change over the study period, it was higher in littoral habitats than open-lake or trench habitats and higher in the northern region compared to the central or southern regions of UKL. Mean total benthic invertebrate density during 2014 was 19,726 individuals m−2 (n=27). Density during the pre-bloom and bloom periods of April 15 to August 13, 2014 (the first two thirds of the 2014 sampling period), were similar to 2013. However, benthic invertebrate density more than doubled during the latter one-third of the study, that is, the post-bloom period between August 20 to October 16, 2014. Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Hirudinea represented well over 90 percent of the benthic fauna; Oligochaeta were twice as abundant as Chironomidae or Hirudinea, the latter two of which were similar in density.
Benthic invertebrates may enhance dissolved-nutrient (or toxicant) transport across the sediment-water interface by (1) modifying diffusion-layer thicknesses and permeability through bioturbation, (2) enhancing advective flow across the interface through bioirrigation, and (3) excreting or expelling dissolved or particulate solutes directly into the overlying water column (Boudreau and Jorgensen, 2001). We evaluated SRP efflux via excretion for approximately 15 different major taxa in UKL. Once these measures were scaled, it was evident that benthic invertebrates potentially contribute approximately 1.5 times the amount of SRP to the water column of Upper Klamath Lake as diffusive SRP flux alone, measured in profiler deployments.
Sets of piezometers and temperature loggers were deployed in UKL to obtain estimates of vertical advective solute flux. The pressure transducer installations, within the piezometers, did not perform as designed, rendering the head gradient data unreliable. However, in terms of future research, this field work did demonstrate the feasibility of collecting vertical gradient data with piezometer deployments. Advective flux estimates herein are based solely on heat-flow modeling based on temperature data from four lake sites, without use of transducer data. Given the magnitudes (both positive or negative) of the heat-transfer fluxes for SRP, relative to diffusive-flux and macroinvertebrate efflux measurements (all positive but spanning the same orders of magnitude), further examination of solute advective flux is recommended as a potential transport process to integrate into existing water-quality (for example, Total Maximum Daily Load [TMDL]) models.
As a complement to the biogeochemical focus of this study, initial analyses of suspended-particle (floc) characteristics and settling velocities from the water column were derived near the surface and lakebed at two UKL sites. To better understand changing particle characteristics during the AFA-bloom period, suspended particles were examined in 2015 using a LabSFLOC (LF), which is a Laboratory Spectral Flocculation Characteristics version of an In-Situ Settling Velocity instrument (INSSEV-LF). Particle characteristics and settling velocities were analyzed from the water column near the surface (sample dp_10) and lakebed (sample dp_90) at two lake sites (open-lake site ML and littoral site LS01). The term “floc” refers herein to suspended particles that may aggregate or disaggregate to change in size, composition, and settling velocity.
During pre-bloom (May) conditions, where maximum suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) was 140 milligrams per liter (mg L−1) was now observed at site LS01 in close proximity to the bed, where Dmean peaked at 305 μm, and the corresponding Wsmean was 3.9 millimeters per second (mm s−1). The high near-bed SPMC (828 mg L−1) experienced during post-bloom October 2015 at LS01 formed a benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) above the lake’s bed. Numerous low density, fast settling macrofloc-sized organic aggregates (D >160 μm) were observed (some up to 1 mm in size) near bed at LS01 both during the bloom and post-bloom conditions; many of these flocs displayed fibrous organic structures. In terms of mass settling fluxes, the post-bloom BNL produced a total MSF of 4,139 milligrams per square meter per second (mg m−2 s−1) (92.1 percent of MSF credited to the macrofloc-sized organic aggregates/cyanobacterial colonies); that was nearly three times the corresponding near-bed settling flux observed during the July 2015 bloom and 360 times greater than the pre-bloom conditions from May 2015 (98.8 percent and 14 percent of MSF credited to the macrofloc-sized fractions for those respective months). Such changes in the near-bed settling flux demonstrate the highly significant seasonal effects that the AFA bloom has on the floc depositional fluxes in UKL and highlights the importance of seasonal monitoring of these conditions in order to correctly parameterize the wide range in depositional characteristics and floc properties measured throughout UKL.
Collectively, floc populations observed within UKL demonstrated a wide range in settling velocity (Ws) for a given particle size, D. Similarly, a given settling velocity was not associated with a specific particle size. This variability in particle characteristics and properties indicates the influence of varying floc effective density and its effect on mass and mass settling fluxes (MSF). The use of instruments, such as the INSSEV-LF, enables measuring the variability of settling velocity and its relation to particle density and size.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Carlson, R.A., Parchaso, F., Fend, S.V., Stauffer-Olsen, N., Manning, A.J., Land, J.M., 2016, Benthic processes affecting contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (ver. 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1175, 103 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161175. ","productDescription":"Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175"},{"id":329224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Table 4"},{"id":329425,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Version History"},{"id":329424,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175_table19.xlsx","text":"Table 19","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Table 19"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 42.231567925608616\n ],\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 42.70464124398721\n ],\n [\n -121.79992675781249,\n 42.70464124398721\n ],\n [\n -121.79992675781249,\n 42.231567925608616\n ],\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 42.231567925608616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 30, 2016; Version 1.1: October 11, 2016","contact":"NRP staff
Water Resources National Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS-435
Menlo Park, CA 94025
National Research Program
In the spring of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, began working on a gravity survey in the Yucaipa area to explore the three-dimensional shape of the sedimentary fill (alluvial deposits) and the surface of the underlying crystalline basement rocks. As water use has increased in pace with rapid urbanization, water managers have need for better information about the subsurface geometry and the boundaries of groundwater subbasins in the Yucaipa area. The large density contrast between alluvial deposits and the crystalline basement complex permits using modeling of gravity data to estimate the thickness of alluvial deposits. The bottom of the alluvial deposits is considered to be the top of crystalline basement rocks. The gravity data, integrated with geologic information from surface outcrops and 51 subsurface borings (15 of which penetrated basement rock), indicated a complex basin configuration where steep slopes coincide with mapped faults―such as the Crafton Hills Fault and the eastern section of the Banning Fault―and concealed ridges separate hydrologically defined subbasins.
Gravity measurements and well logs were the primary data sets used to define the thickness and structure of the groundwater basin. Gravity measurements were collected at 256 new locations along profiles that totaled approximately 104.6 km (65 mi) in length; these data supplemented previously collected gravity measurements. Gravity data were reduced to isostatic anomalies and separated into an anomaly field representing the valley fill. The ‘valley-fill-deposits gravity anomaly’ was converted to thickness by using an assumed, depth-varying density contrast between the alluvial deposits and the underlying bedrock.
To help visualize the basin geometry, an animation of the elevation of the top of the basement-rocks was prepared. The animation “flies over” the Yucaipa groundwater basin, viewing the land surface, geology, faults, and ridges and valleys of the shaded-relief elevation of the top of the basement complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., Langenheim, V.E., Morita, Andrew, and Danskin, W.R., 2016, Geologic structure of the Yucaipa area inferred from gravity data, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1127, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161127.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Video Animation","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077241","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/ofr20161127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1127"},{"id":329071,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/ofr20161127_gravity.mp4","text":"Video animation","size":"47.3 MB mp4","description":"OFR 2016-1127 Video Animation","linkHelpText":"Land surface, geology, faults, wells, and elevation of the basement rocks in the Yucaipa area, California."},{"id":329069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County, Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Yucaipa Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.15888977050781,\n 33.96842016198477\n ],\n [\n -117.15888977050781,\n 34.08962997133382\n ],\n [\n -116.97212219238281,\n 34.08962997133382\n ],\n [\n -116.97212219238281,\n 33.96842016198477\n ],\n [\n -117.15888977050781,\n 33.96842016198477\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
A daily watershed model of the Sacramento River Basin of northern California was developed to simulate streamflow and suspended sediment transport to the San Francisco Bay-Delta. To compensate for sparse data, a unique combination of model inputs was developed, including meteorological variables, potential evapotranspiration, and parameters defining hydraulic geometry. A slight decreasing trend of sediment loads and concentrations was statistically significant in the lowest 50% of flows, supporting the observed historical sediment decline. Historical changes in climate, including seasonality and decline of snowpack, contribute to changes in streamflow, and are a significant component describing the mechanisms responsible for the decline in sediment. Several wet and dry hypothetical climate change scenarios with temperature changes of 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C were applied to the base historical conditions to assess the model sensitivity of streamflow and sediment to changes in climate. Of the scenarios evaluated, sediment discharge for the Sacramento River Basin increased the most with increased storm magnitude and frequency and decreased the most with increases in air temperature, regardless of changes in precipitation. The model will be used to develop projections of potential hydrologic and sediment trends to the Bay-Delta in response to potential future climate scenarios, which will help assess the hydrological and ecological health of the Bay-Delta into the next century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Molecular Diversity Preservation International","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/w8100432","usgsCitation":"Stern, M.A., Flint, L.E., Minear, J.T., Flint, A.L., and Wright, S., 2016, Characterizing changes in streamflow and sediment supply in the Sacramento River Basin, California, using hydrological simulation program—FORTRAN (HSPF): Water, v. 8, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100432.","startPage":"432","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-073991","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100432","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 38.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdefee4b0824b2d179cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, Michelle A. 0000-0003-3030-7065 mstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-7065","contributorId":4244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Michelle","email":"mstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minear, Justin Toby jminear@usgs.gov","contributorId":3736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minear","given":"Justin","email":"jminear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Toby","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156288,"text":"tm6A53 - 2016 - MT3D-USGS version 1: A U.S. Geological Survey release of MT3DMS updated with new and expanded transport capabilities for use with MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-03T11:14:03","indexId":"tm6A53","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A53","title":"MT3D-USGS version 1: A U.S. Geological Survey release of MT3DMS updated with new and expanded transport capabilities for use with MODFLOW","docAbstract":"MT3D-USGS, a U.S. Geological Survey updated release of the groundwater solute transport code MT3DMS, includes new transport modeling capabilities to accommodate flow terms calculated by MODFLOW packages that were previously unsupported by MT3DMS and to provide greater flexibility in the simulation of solute transport and reactive solute transport. Unsaturated-zone transport and transport within streams and lakes, including solute exchange with connected groundwater, are among the new capabilities included in the MT3D-USGS code. MT3D-USGS also includes the capability to route a solute through dry cells that may occur in the Newton-Raphson formulation of MODFLOW (that is, MODFLOW-NWT). New chemical reaction Package options include the ability to simulate inter-species reactions and parent-daughter chain reactions. A new pump-and-treat recirculation package enables the simulation of dynamic recirculation with or without treatment for combinations of wells that are represented in the flow model, mimicking the above-ground treatment of extracted water. A reformulation of the treatment of transient mass storage improves conservation of mass and yields solutions for better agreement with analytical benchmarks. Several additional features of MT3D-USGS are (1) the separate specification of the partitioning coefficient (Kd) within mobile and immobile domains; (2) the capability to assign prescribed concentrations to the top-most active layer; (3) the change in mass storage owing to the change in water volume now appears as its own budget item in the global mass balance summary; (4) the ability to ignore cross-dispersion terms; (5) the definition of Hydrocarbon Spill-Source Package (HSS) mass loading zones using regular and irregular polygons, in addition to the currently supported circular zones; and (6) the ability to specify an absolute minimum thickness rather than the default percent minimum thickness in dry-cell circumstances.
Benchmark problems that implement the new features and packages test the accuracy of new code through comparison to analytical benchmarks, as well as to solutions from other published codes. The input file structure for MT3D-USGS adheres to MT3DMS conventions for backward compatibility: the new capabilities and packages described herein are readily invoked by adding three-letter package name acronyms to the name file or by setting input flags as needed. Memory is managed in MT3D-USGS using FORTRAN modules in order to simplify code development and expansion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground water in Book 6: Modeling techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A53","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Bedekar, Vivek, Morway, E.D., Langevin, C.D., and Tonkin, Matt, 2016, MT3D-USGS version 1: A U.S. Geological Survey release of MT3DMS updated with new and expanded transport capabilities for use with MODFLOW:\nU.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A53, 69 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm6A53.","productDescription":"Report: x, 69 p.; Application Site","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053896","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a53/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a53/tm06a53.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6-A53"},{"id":329192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HKD","text":"MT3D-USGS Version 1","description":"TM 6-A53 MT3D-USGS Version 1"}],"publicComments":"Ground Water Resources Program\nThis report is Chapter 53 of Section A: Ground water in Book 6: Modeling techniques.","contact":"Office of Groundwater
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 411
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/