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,{"id":26355,"text":"wri874219 - 1988 - Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri874219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4219","title":"Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985","docAbstract":"External quality assurance monitoring of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and National Trends Network (NTN) was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1985. The monitoring consisted of three primary programs: (1) an intersite comparison program designed to assess the precision and accuracy of onsite pH and specific conductance measurements made by NADP and NTN site operators; (2) a blind audit sample program designed to assess the effect of routine field handling on the precision and bias of NADP and NTN wet deposition data; and (3) an interlaboratory comparison program designed to compare analytical data from the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples with data produced by other laboratories routinely analyzing wet deposition samples and to provide estimates of individual laboratory precision. An average of 94% of the site operators participated in the four voluntary intersite comparisons during 1985. A larger percentage of participating site operators met the accuracy goal for specific conductance measurements (average, 87%) than for pH measurements (average, 67%). Overall precision was dependent on the actual specific conductance of the test solution and independent of the pH of the test solution. Data for the blind audit sample program indicated slight positive biases resulting from routine field handling for all analytes except specific conductance. These biases were not large enough to be significant for most data users. Data for the blind audit sample program also indicated that decreases in hydrogen ion concentration were accompanied by decreases in specific conductance. Precision estimates derived from the blind audit sample program indicate that the major source of uncertainty in wet deposition data is the routine field handling that each wet deposition sample receives. Results of the interlaboratory comparison program were similar to results of previous years ' evaluations, indicating that the participating laboratories produced comparable data when they analyzed identical wet deposition samples, and that the laboratory processing NADP and NTN samples achieved the best analyte precision of the participating laboratories. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874219","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Willoughby, T.C., 1988, Results of external quality-assurance program for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network during 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4219, iii, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874219.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, T. C.","contributorId":31791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25617,"text":"wri884165 - 1988 - Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri884165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4165","title":"Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"From 1953 to 1983, an estimated 0.01 to 0.136 Ci (curies)/year of iodine-129 were contained in wastewater generated by the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The wastewater was directly discharged to the Snake River Plain aquifer through a deep disposal well until February 9, 1984, when the well was replaced by an unlined infiltration pond; a second pond was put into use on October 17, 1985. For 1984-86, the annual amount of iodine-129 in wastewater discharged to the ponds ranged from 0.0064 to 0.039 Ci. In August 1986, iodine-129 concentrations in water from 35 wells near the ICPP ranged from less than the reporting level to 3.6 +or-0.4 pCi/L (picocuries/L). By comparison, in April 1977 the water from 20 wells contained a maximum of 27 +or-1 pCi/L of iodine-129; in 1981, the maximum concentration in water from 32 wells was 41 +or-2 pCi/L. The average concentrations of iodine-129 in water from 18 wells that were sampled in 1977, 1981 and 1986 were 4.0, 6.7 and 1.3 pCi/L, respectively. The marked decrease in the iodine-129 concentration from 1981 to 1986 is the result of three factors: (1) The amount of iodine-129 disposed annually; (2) a change from the routine use of the disposal well to the infiltration ponds; and (3) a dilution of the iodine-129 in the aquifer by recharge from the Big Lost River. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884165","usgsCitation":"Mann, L., Chew, E., Morton, J., and Randolph, R., 1988, Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4165, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884165.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, E.W.","contributorId":21818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, J.S.","contributorId":14249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randolph, R.B.","contributorId":38606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26240,"text":"wri884175 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T14:22:45","indexId":"wri884175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4175","title":"Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The groundwater beneath eight sewage sludge lagoons, was studied to characterize the flow regime and to determine whether leachate had infiltrated into the glacio-fluvial sediments. Groundwater quality beneath the lagoons was compared with the groundwater quality beneath a landfill where sludge had been applied. The lagoons and landfills overlie outwash sand and gravel deposits separated by discontinuous clay layers. Shallow groundwater flows away from the lagoons and discharges into the White River. Deep groundwater discharges to the White River and flows southwest beneath Eagle Creek. After an accumulation of at least 2 inches of precipitation during 1 week, groundwater flow is temporarily reversed in the shallow aquifer, and all deep flow is along a relatively steep hydraulic gradient to the southwest. The groundwater is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type, although ammonium accounts for more than 30% of the total cations in water from three wells. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfate, iron, arsenic, boron, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and methylene-blue-active substances indicate the presence of leachate in the groundwater. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc were less than detection limits. The concentrations of 16 of 19 constituents or properties of groundwater beneath the lagoons are statistically different than groundwater beneath the landfill at the 0.05 level of significance. Only pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and bromide are higher in groundwater beneath the landfill than beneath the lagoons.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884175","usgsCitation":"Bobay, K., 1988, Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4175, vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884175.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bobay, K.E.","contributorId":22805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobay","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26025,"text":"wri884019 - 1988 - Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri884019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4019","title":"Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884019","usgsCitation":"Baker, N., 1988, Hydrologic features and processes of the Vermilion River, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4019, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884019.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, N.T.","contributorId":32519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26000,"text":"wri864347 - 1988 - The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:47:28","indexId":"wri864347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4347","title":"The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864347","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., 1988, The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey 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R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26414,"text":"wri884012 - 1988 - Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri884012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4012","title":"Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","docAbstract":"This report describes an interactive-accounting model used to simulate streamflow, chemical-constituent concentrations and loads, and water-supply operations in a river basin. The model uses regression equations to compute flow from incremental (internode) drainage areas. Conservative chemical constituents (typically dissolved solids) also are computed from regression equations. Both flow and water quality loads are accumulated downstream. Optionally, the model simulates the water use and the simplified groundwater systems of a basin. Water users include agricultural, municipal, industrial, and in-stream users , and reservoir operators. Water users list their potential water sources, including direct diversions, groundwater pumpage, interbasin imports, or reservoir releases, in the order in which they will be used. Direct diversions conform to basinwide water law priorities. The model is interactive, and although the input data exist in files, the user can modify them interactively. A major feature of the model is its color-graphic-output options. This report includes a description of the model, organizational charts of subroutines, and examples of the graphics. Detailed format instructions for the input data, example files of input data, definitions of program variables, and listing of the FORTRAN source code are Attachments to the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884012","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., 1988, Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4012, iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884012.","productDescription":"iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25570,"text":"wri874240 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water flow system in the coastal plain of southeastern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri874240","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4240","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water flow system in the coastal plain of southeastern Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874240","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, P.A., and Larson, J.D., 1988, Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water flow system in the coastal plain of southeastern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4240, x, 175 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874240.","productDescription":"x, 175 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4240/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54289,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4240/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62771f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, P. A.","contributorId":7247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, J. D.","contributorId":83084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25859,"text":"wri874199 - 1988 - Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T21:41:48.419377","indexId":"wri874199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4199","title":"Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"Because of the imbalance between recharge and pumpage, groundwater levels declined as much as 100 ft in some areas of Borrego Valley, California during drinking 1945-80. As an aid to analyzing the effects of pumping on the groundwater system, a three-dimensional finite-element groundwater flow model was developed. The model was calibrated for both steady-state (1945) and transient-state (1946-79) conditions. For the steady-state calibration, hydraulic conductivities of the three aquifers were varied within reasonable limits to obtain an acceptable match between measured and computed hydraulic heads. Recharge from streamflow infiltration (4,800 acre-ft/yr) was balanced by computed evapotranspiration (3,900 acre-ft/yr) and computed subsurface outflow from the model area (930 acre-ft/yr). For the transient state calibration, the volumes and distribution of net groundwater pumpage were estimated from land-use data and estimates of consumptive use for irrigated crops. The pumpage was assigned to the appropriate nodes in the model for each of seventeen 2-year time steps representing the period 1946-79. The specific yields of the three aquifers were varied within reasonable limits to obtain an acceptable match between measured and computed hydraulic heads. Groundwater pumpage input to the model was compensated by declines in both the computed evapotranspiration and the amount of groundwater in storage. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874199","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H., Lines, G.C., Berenbrock, C., and Durbin, T.J., 1988, Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4199, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874199.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46856.htm"},{"id":54611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4199/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Borrego Valley and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.42,\n              33.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1167,\n              33.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1167,\n              33.3792\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.42,\n              33.3792\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.42,\n              33.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f086f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, H. T.","contributorId":88735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lines, G. C.","contributorId":30577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durbin, T. J.","contributorId":55818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durbin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26316,"text":"wri874000 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri874000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4000","title":"Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"On a regional scale, the groundwater system of the northern Mississippi embayment is composed of a series of nonindurated clastic sediments that overlie a thick sequence of Paleozoic carbonate, sandstones, and shales. The units that comprise the geohydrologic framework of this study are the alluvium-lower Wilcox Aquifer the Midway confining unit, the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, the Cretaceous-Paleozoic confining unit, and the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer. The Upper Cretaceous aquifer of Late Cretaceous age is the primary focus of this investigation; the study is part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis. A four layer finite-difference groundwater flow model enabled testing of alternative boundary concepts and provide a refined definition of the hydrologic budget of the deep aquifers. The alluvium-lower Wilcox aquifer, the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, and the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer form layers 2 through 4, respectively. Layer 1 is an inactive layer of constant heads representing shallow water levels, which are a major control on recharge to and discharge from the regional system. A matrix of leakance values simulates each confining unit, allowing vertical interchange of water between different aquifers. The model was calibrated to 1980 conditions by using the assumption that 1980 was near steady-state conditions; it was calibrated to simulate observed heads were found to be most sensitive to pumping, and least sensitive to the leakance. By using all available water quality and water level data, alternative boundary conditions were tested by comparing model simulated heads to observed heads. The results of the early modeling effort also contribute to a better understanding of the regional hydrologic budget, indicating that: upward leakage from the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer to the Upper Cretaceous aquifer is about 43 cu ft/sec; upward recharge of about 68 cu ft/sec occurs to the lower Wilcox-alluvium aquifer from the Upper Cretaceous aquifer; and the Midway is an effective regional confining unit. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874000","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., and Mesko, T.O., 1988, Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4000, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874000.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri87-4000","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_87_4000.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesko, T. O.","contributorId":83934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25706,"text":"wri884115 - 1988 - Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-09T17:40:24.076318","indexId":"wri884115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4115","title":"Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri884115","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Miller, C., Smith, R., Baron, J., and Spaulding, S.A., 1988, Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4115, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884115.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40553,"text":"WMA - Office of the Chief Operating Officer","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6745719909668,\n              40.282144825334825\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.63457489013672,\n              40.282144825334825\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.63457489013672,\n              40.309247135103334\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6745719909668,\n              40.309247135103334\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6745719909668,\n              40.282144825334825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68591d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":194739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Christine","contributorId":21582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26421,"text":"wri864324 - 1988 - Simulated water-level declines caused by ground-water withdrawals near Holloman Air Force Base, Otero County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri864324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4324","title":"Simulated water-level declines caused by ground-water withdrawals near Holloman Air Force Base, Otero County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Holloman Air Force Base, studied the potential change in water levels that could occur as a result of increased groundwater withdrawals from the middle-Tertiary to Holocene age basin-fill and alluvial deposits in the vicinity of the Air Force base in Otero County, New Mexico. Water level changes of 25 ft to as much as 60 ft below their 1982 levels are projected in the well field areas by the year 2001, based on an increased groundwater withdrawal of 10%. The 400-sq-mi area of unconsolidated material is relatively flat except for the alluvial fans adjacent to the mountain front. Perennial streams are not present in the study area. The aquifer has a saturated thickness that ranges from 0 to 3 ft. Intermittent streamflow from the nearby mountains infiltrates the alluvial fans and recharges the aquifer system. Groundwater is discharged from the area by underflow, evapotranspiration, and pumpage withdrawals from wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864324","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., and Hart, D., 1988, Simulated water-level declines caused by ground-water withdrawals near Holloman Air Force Base, Otero County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4324, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864324.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, D.L. Jr.","contributorId":49403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"D.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26177,"text":"wri864351 - 1988 - Ground-water flow near two radioactive-waste-disposal areas at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, Cattaraugus County, New York: Results of flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T19:20:12.719862","indexId":"wri864351","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4351","title":"Ground-water flow near two radioactive-waste-disposal areas at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, Cattaraugus County, New York: Results of flow simulation","docAbstract":"<p>Two adjacent burial areas were excavated in a clay-rich till at a radioactive waste disposal site near West Valley in Cattaraugus County, N.Y.: (1) which contains mainly low-level radioactive wastes generated onsite by a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, has been in operation since 1966; and (2) which contains commercial low-level radioactive wastes, was operated during 1963-75. Groundwater below the upper 3 meters of till generally moves downward through a 20- to 30-meter thick sequence of tills underlain by lacustrine and kame-delta deposits of fine sand and silt. Groundwater in the weathered, upper 3 meters of till can move laterally for several meters before either moving downward into the kame-delta deposits or discharging to the land surface. A two-dimensional finite-element model that simulates two vertical sections was used to evaluate hydrologic factors that control groundwater flow in the till. Conditions observed during March 1983 were reproduced accurately in steady-state simulations that used four isotropic units of differing hydraulic conductivity to represent two fractured and weathered till units near land surfaces, an intermediate group of isolated till zones that contain significant amounts of fine sand and silt, and a sequence of till units at depths that have been consolidated by overburden pressure. Recharge rates used in the best-fit simulation ranged from 1.4 cm/yr along smooth, sloping or compacted surfaces to 3.8 cm/yr near swampy areas. Values of hydraulic conductivity and infiltration used in the calibrated best-fit model were nearly identical to values used in a previous model analysis of the nearby commercial-waste burial area. Results of the model simulations of a burial pit assumed to be filled with water indicate that water near the bottom of the burial pit would migrate laterally in the shallow, weathered till for 5 to 6 meters before moving downward into the unweathered till, and water near the top of the pit would move laterally less than 20 meters before moving downward into the unweathered till. These results indicate that subsurface migration of radionuclides in groundwater to points of discharge to land surface is unlikely as long as the water level does not rise into the reworked cover material.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864351","usgsCitation":"Bergeron, M.P., and Bugliosi, E., 1988, Ground-water flow near two radioactive-waste-disposal areas at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, Cattaraugus County, New York: Results of flow simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4351, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864351.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430319,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36662.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4351/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4351/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","otherGeospatial":"Western New York Nuclear Service Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.662,\n              42.459\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662,\n              42.446\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.644,\n              42.446\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.644,\n              42.459\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662,\n              42.459\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db6698fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergeron, M. P.","contributorId":42969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bugliosi, E. F.","contributorId":70738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25386,"text":"wri854127 - 1988 - Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri854127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4127","title":"Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","docAbstract":"The northern divide of the Susquehanna River basin crosses 29 broad valleys that contain thick glacial deposits but are drained only by small headwater streams. Much groundwater could be withdrawn from sand and gravel deposits in these valleys with little immediate effect on streamflow. A digital model of the headwater reach of one typical valley suggests that pumping 10.8 million gal/day for 2 months every summer would lower the water table as much as 33 ft, cause the upper 1,900 ft of the stream draining the valley to go dry, and reduce streamflow downvalley by 1.2 million gal/day by the time pumping ceased. Saturated thickness of surficial sand and gravel exceeds 40 ft in about half the headwater valley reaches; the valley floor areas range from 0.2 to 9 sq mi. Seepage losses from small streams that carry runoff from adjacent till-covered uplands are a major source of recharge to aquifers in these valleys under natural conditions and would increase if the water table were lowered by seasonal withdrawals. Some aquifers beneath extensive clay layers in these and other valleys of the Susquehanna River basin may be partially independent of streams but not easily evaluated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854127","usgsCitation":"Randall, A., Snavely, D.S., Holecek, T., and Waller, R., 1988, Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4127, v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854127.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holecek, T.P.","contributorId":76358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holecek","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, R.M.","contributorId":13659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25427,"text":"wri884046 - 1988 - Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri884046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4046","title":"Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"There are 16 existing and six proposed surface coal mines in the eastern Powder River structural basin of northeastern Wyoming. Coal mining companies predict water level declines of 5 ft or more in the Wasatch aquifer to extend form about 1,000 to about 2,000 ft beyond the mine pits. The predicted 5 ft water level decline in the Wyodak coal aquifer generally extends 4-8 mi beyond the lease areas. About 3,000 wells are in the area of potential cumulative water level declines resulting from all anticipated mining. Of these 3,000 wells, about 1,200 are outside the areas of anticipated mining: about 1,000 wells supply water for domestic or livestock uses, and about 200 wells supply water for municipal, industrial, irrigation, and miscellaneous uses. The 1,800 remaining wells are used by coal mining companies. Future surface coal mining probably will result in postmining groundwater of similar quality to that currently present in the study area. By use of geochemical modeling techniques, the results of a hypothetical reaction path exercise indicate the potential for marked improvements in postmining water quality because of chemical reactions as postmining groundwater with a large dissolved solids concentration (3,540 mg/L) moves into a coal aquifer with relatively small dissolved solids concentrations (910 mg/L). Results of the modeling exercise also indicate geochemical conditions that are most ideal for large decreases in dissolved solids concentrations in coal aquifers receiving recharge from a spoil aquifer. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884046","usgsCitation":"Martin, L., Naftz, D.L., Lowham, H., and Rankl, J., 1988, Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4046, x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884046.","productDescription":"x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54147,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54148,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54149,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, L.J.","contributorId":73637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26311,"text":"wri884024 - 1988 - Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri884024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4024","title":"Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Tsala Apopka Lake, in west-central Florida, has an area of about 19,000 acres and is divided into three water-management pools, with the Floral City Pool, the most upgradient. The Floral City Pool, which has a surface area of approximately 4,750 acres, contains an extensive combination of lakes, wetlands, and connecting canals. The Pool receives inflow from the Withlacoochee River through two canals. Outflow is through one manmade canal and one natural slough. Canal flow is partially controlled by manmade structures. A cumulative deficit of 19.4 inches of rainfall from August 1984 through May 1985 reduced surface-water inflow to the Floral City Pool to about 0.5 cu ft/sec by May 1985. During May 1985, pool levels declined approximately 0.04 ft/day. By the end of May, there was no observable outflow. From June 1985 through September 1985, 39.8 inches of rainfall caused above-average inflow to the Floral City Pool and a pool-level increase of 6.2 ft. The inflow of 340 CFS nearly equaled the outflow of 338 CFS by the end of September. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884024","usgsCitation":"Bradner, L.A., 1988, Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4024, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884024.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55108,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6019d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25959,"text":"wri874087 - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri874087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4087","title":"Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874087","usgsCitation":"Arcement, G., 1988, Simulation of flow in the lower Calcasieu River from the saltwater barrier to Burton Landing near Moss Lake, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4087, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874087.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arcement, G.J. Jr.","contributorId":16457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"G.J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25955,"text":"wri874271 - 1988 - Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri874271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4271","title":"Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality","docAbstract":"A summary list of reports that document numerical models that simulate ground-water flow and quality is presented. The list documents the reference by giving a description of each model program, its numerical features, a qualitative expression of the number of past applications and where to obtain a copy. All reports included in the list have been published or developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and most contain listings of the computer programs. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wri874271","usgsCitation":"Appel, C., and Reilly, T.E., 1988, Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4271, iii, 64 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874271.","productDescription":"iii, 64 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4271/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f802c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appel, C.A.","contributorId":84786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25848,"text":"wri884233 - 1988 - Water quality of Lake Austin and Town Lake, Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:48:48","indexId":"wri884233","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4233","title":"Water quality of Lake Austin and Town Lake, Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Austin and Town Lake are located on the Colorado River in Travis County, central Texas, and serve as a source of water for municipal and industrial water supplies, electrical-power generation, and recreation for more than 500,000 people in the Austin metropolitan area. Lake Austin, located immediately downstream of Lake Travis, extends for more than 20 miles into the western edge of the city of Austin. Town Lake extends through the downtown area of the city of Austin for nearly 6 miles where the Colorado River is impounded by Longhorn Dam.</p>\n<p>Many of the detrimental effects of impoundment of water in a lake or reservoir are related to thermal stratification, which generally does not occur in Lake Austin or in Town Lake. The largest detected difference in vertical temperature was 6.5 degrees Celsius in Lake Austin and 3.5 degrees Celsius in Town Lake. The small vertical temperature variations in both lakes can be attributed to shallow depths in the lakes and to the short retention times of water in the lakes during the summer months.</p>\n<p>Large vertical dissolved-oxygen gradients were not detected in Lake Austin and Town Lake. Average dissolved-oxygen concentrations for Lake Austin at site Ac, a deep site (about 50 feet) at the dam, differ by about 2.5 milligrams per liter from surface to bottom during the summer. At site Ac on Town Lake, average dissolved-oxygen concentrations differ by about 1 milligram per liter from surface to bottom. The largest areal variations in dissolved oxygen generally occur in Lake Austin during the summer. Water released to Lake Austin during the summer is from below the thermocline in Lake Travis, and consequently, dissolved-oxygen concentrations generally are small. For example, in August 1984, dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Lake Austin increased from 2.8 milligrams per liter in the headwaters to slightly greater than 7.0 milligrams per liter approximately 14 miles downstream. This increase in dissolved oxygen was caused by reaeration from the atmosphere and from photosynthetic production of oxygen by aquatic plants.</p>\n<p>Dissolved trace-element data collected from Lake Austin and Town Lake indicate that with the exception of iron, manganese, and mercury, none of the dissolved trace elements analyzed for exceeded either the primary maximum contaminant level or secondary maximum contaminant level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Average concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese in water collected near the bottom of Lake Austin did not exceed 40 and 50 micrograms per liter, respectively.</p>\n<p>Little seasonal or areal variation was noted in nitrogen concentrations in Lake Austin or Town Lake. Organic nitrogen is the predominant nitrogen&nbsp;species in both lakes. Stormwater runoff had little effect on nitrogen concentrations in Lake Austin. Nitrogen concentrations in Town Lake were slightly larger following periods of runoff. Total nitrogen concentrations in Town Lake following periods of runoff often exceed 1.0 milligram per liter.</p>\n<p>Total phosphorus concentrations are small in Lake Austin and Town Lake. About 95 percent of the total phosphorus concentrations measured in Lake Austin and about 81 percent of the total phosphorus concentrations measured in Town Lake were less than 0.03 milligram per liter. Total phosphorus concentrations are largest in Town Lake following periods of runoff.</p>\n<p>Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 240 to 340 milligrams per liter in Lake Austin and from 170 to 360 milligrams per liter in Town Lake. The smallest concentrations of dissolved solids in Town Lake occurred following periods of runoff. During periods of no runoff, dissolved-solids concentrations in Town Lake ranged from 240 to 360 milligrams per liter, which was very similar to the range in Lake Austin.</p>\n<p>Densities of feca1-coliform bacteria in Lake Austin ranged from less than 1 to 600 colonies per 100 milliliters, and densities of fecal-streptococci bacteria ranged from less than 1 to 340 colonies per 100 milliliters. Densities of fecal-coliform bacteria in Town Lake ranged from 4 to 14,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, and densities of fecal-streptococci bacteria ranged from less than 1 to 15,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. The largest densities of both bacteria in Town Lake occurred following runoff.</p>\n<p>Little or no effect of stormwater runoff on temperature, dissolved oxygen, or trace elements was detected in either Lake Austin or Town Lake. Increased concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were detected in Town Lake, but not in Lake Austin following runoff. A decrease in concentrations of dissolved solids and major ions occurred in Town Lake, but not in Lake Austin, following runoff. Densities of fecal-coliform and fecal-streptococci bacteria were larger in Lake Austin and Town Lake following runoff, but significantly larger increases were noted in Town Lake.</p>\n<p>Water-quality data collected from Lake Austin and Town Lake, following runoff, generally were not adequate to fully determine the effects of runoff on the lakes. Data collection should not to be limited to fixed-station sampling following runoff, and both lakes need to be sampled simultaneously as soon as possible following significant precipitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884233","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., Wells, F.C., Shelby, W.J., and McPherson, E., 1988, Water quality of Lake Austin and Town Lake, Austin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4233, vii, 322 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884233.","productDescription":"vii, 322 p.","numberOfPages":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4233/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54592,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Frank C.","contributorId":80664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelby, Wanda J.","contributorId":173579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelby","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McPherson, Emma","contributorId":85629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26170,"text":"wri874101 - 1988 - Ground-water quality in the Lompoc Plain, Santa Barbara County, California, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri874101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4101","title":"Ground-water quality in the Lompoc Plain, Santa Barbara County, California, 1983","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the main source of water in the Lompoc plain, California. The lower member of the younger alluvium is the main water-bearing zone. Long-term groundwater levels in most of the plain have not changed significantly since the 1940's. Groundwater quality in the plain in 1983 tended to deteriorate from east to west. Dissolved-solids concentrations throughout the plain exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 500 mg/L for drinking water. In samples from some wells, concentrations of one or more of the following constituents--sodium, chloride, nitrate, and iron-exceeded primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. Concentration of constituents in some samples also exceeded recommended levels for irrigation water. The predominant ions generally were calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate--except in the western part, where sodium and chloride were the predominant dissolved ions. From 1972 to 1983, dissolved-solids concentrations in the main water-bearing zone generally decreased in the central part of the plain but increased throughout most of the study area. The largest increases, greater than 1,000 mg/L, were in the extreme western part of the plain. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874101","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 1988, Ground-water quality in the Lompoc Plain, Santa Barbara County, California, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4101, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874101.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26324,"text":"wri884070 - 1988 - Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri884070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4070","title":"Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States","docAbstract":"Differing capacities of plant species to tolerate drought and salinity are causative factors for presence of species and communities in various habitats. It is proposed that minimum xylem pressure potentials measured are indicative of drought tolerance and that minimum cell osmotic potentials are indicative of salt tolerance of plant species. Of 85 species measured, Nuttall saltbush (Atriplex nuttallii nuttallii) was found to be the most drought tolerant. Saltbrush (Atriplex confertifolia, A. nuttallii, A. canescens, and A. torreyi) had the lowest cell osmotic potentials measured. Although pickleweed (Allenrolfea occidentalis) grows in the saltiest soil measured, it did not have the lowest cell osmotic potential. This apparent inconsistency may be explained by the succulent characteristics of pickleweed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884070","usgsCitation":"Branson, F.A., Miller, R.F., and Sorenson, S.K., 1988, Tolerances of plants to drought and salinity in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4070, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884070.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branson, Farrel Allen","contributorId":53823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branson","given":"Farrel","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Reuben Fred","contributorId":75967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26019,"text":"wri884010 - 1988 - Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:10:40","indexId":"wri884010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4010","title":"Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Bear Creek Valley, Tennessee contains hazardous waste disposal sites where contaminants leach into ground and surface water. Groundwater flow and the potential migration of contaminants is poorly understood. The Valley is underlain by calcareous shale that contains limestone units. Ridges to the north and south are underlain by interbedded sandstones, siltstone and shale, and by massive, siliceous dolomite, respectively. The bedrock, which dips about 45 degrees southeast, is overlain by regolith to a maximum thickness of 80 ft. Observed hydraulic conductivities for the regolith range from 0.01 to 13 ft/day, and for the bedrock, from 0.001 to 11 ft/day. Groundwater flow is probably toward streams and is preferential along strike because of an areal anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity. A cross sectional groundwater flow model was used to test the conceptualized flow system and to help identify areas where additional data are needed. The preliminary model shows a pattern of recharge at both ridges, flow toward the valley, and upward flow that discharges into Bear Creek. Final model values of hydraulic conductivity in the bedrock range from 0.01 to 0.1 ft/day and reflect an areal anisotropy ratio of 1:5. Simulated recharge was 10 inches/year. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1988, Preliminary evaluation of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley, the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4010, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884010.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri884010.jpg"},{"id":310320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4010/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26372,"text":"wri884000 - 1988 - Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri884000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4000","title":"Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","docAbstract":"The N Aquifer is the main source of water in the 5,400 sq mi Black Mesa area in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations in northeastern Arizona. Water in the aquifer is under confined conditions in the central 3,300 sq mi of the area. Maximum saturated thickness is about 1,050 ft. Annual groundwater withdrawals from 1972 through 1986 averaged 5,480 acre-ft and included 3,820 acre-ft used to operate a coal mine on Black Mesa. As a result, water levels have declined in a large part of the aquifer. The coal company has applied for a permanent permit under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. An existing mathematical model of the aquifer in the Black Mesa area was converted to a newer model program and recalibrated by using revised estimates of selected aquifer parameters and a finer spatial grid. The model was used to simulate four groundwater withdrawal alternatives that combined the existing and proposed mining plans with projected constant or increasing pumpage for nearby communities. A fifth alternative combined increasing community pumpage with no mine withdrawals and was used as a basis for comparison. Simulated water levels for the year 2031 in the coal-lease area are projected to be 60 ft lower than in 1985 for the proposed mining plan combined with growing community pumpage and &gt; 100 ft lower than predevelopment water levels over an area of 1,660 sq mi. Groundwater would rise to within 100 ft of predevelopment levels &lt; 10 yr after mine withdrawals cease. Withdrawals at the mine were a minor factor in determining simulated water levels at most communities in the study area. Water levels at Tuba City were not affected by mine pumpage in any projection. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884000","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Eychaner, J., 1988, Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4000, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884000.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eychaner, J.H.","contributorId":34511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26390,"text":"wri884017 - 1988 - Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T12:25:25","indexId":"wri884017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4017","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The upper Black Squirrel Creek basin in eastern El Paso County, Colorado, is underlain by an alluvial aquifer and four bedrock aquifers. The climate of the area is semiarid, and streamflow is irregular. The alluvial aquifer has supplied water to wells since the late 1800's when ranchers first pumped water from shallow wells to grow grass hay for livestock. Ground-water pumpage from the alluvial aquifer has increased since the mid-1950's, and water-level declines have been substantial; the bedrock aquifers virtually are undeveloped. Ground-water pumpage for domestic, stock, agricultural, and municipal uses has exceeded recharge for the past 25 years. The present extent of the effect of pumpage on the alluvial aquifer was evaluated, and a ground-water flow model was used to simulate the future effect of continued pumpage on the aquifer.</p><p>Measured water-level declines from 1974 through 1984 were as much as 30 feet in an area north of Ellicott, Colorado. On the basis of the simulations, water-level declines from October 1984 to April 1999 north of Ellicott might be as much as 20 to 30 feet and as much as 1 to 10 feet in most of the aquifer. Flow from the bedrock aquifers to the alluvial aquifer may account for a substantial volume of the recharge to the alluvial aquifer.</p><p>The ground-water flow models provided a means of evaluating the importance of ground-water evapotranspiration at various stages of aquifer development. Simulated ground-water evapotranspiration decreased from 1949 to 1984; prior to 1950 ground-water evapotranspiration was about 43.5 percent of the total outflow, but in 1984 it was less than 3 percent. </p><p>Thirty-six ground-water samples were collected during 1984. Chemical analyses indicated that concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen generally were large. Samples from 5 of the 36 wells had concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen that exceeded drinking-water standards; these concentrations could pose a health threat toinfants. Water from the alluvial aquifer generally is of suitable quality forother uses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cherokee Water District","usgsCitation":"Buckles, D.R., and Watts, K.R., 1988, Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4017, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884017.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4017/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6642,39.1308],[-104.6072,39.1307],[-104.4958,39.1298],[-104.3854,39.1284],[-104.2733,39.1278],[-104.166,39.1277],[-104.0521,39.1264],[-104.0538,39.0407],[-104.0544,38.9528],[-104.0549,38.8666],[-104.0537,38.7801],[-104.0525,38.693],[-104.051,38.6585],[-104.0524,38.6069],[-104.054,38.523],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.9432,38.5479],[-104.943,38.5624],[-104.9429,38.6041],[-104.9427,38.6186],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9429,38.6503],[-104.9427,38.6621],[-104.9427,38.6648],[-104.9428,38.6938],[-104.9399,38.6938],[-104.9386,38.7808],[-104.939,38.7949],[-105.0671,38.7946],[-105.0674,38.8666],[-105.0502,38.8665],[-105.0296,38.8668],[-105.026,39.0413],[-105.032,39.1311],[-104.9371,39.1312],[-104.9175,39.131],[-104.8303,39.1311],[-104.6642,39.1308]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"El Paso\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a875a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckles, David R.","contributorId":56687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26239,"text":"wri874239 - 1988 - A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T12:35:25","indexId":"wri874239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4239","title":"A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985","docAbstract":"Present Mount Shasta, California, area hydrologic characteristics were documented to compare future changes due to land use or volcanic activity. Lower flanks of Mount Shasta consist of broad aprons of pyroclastic-flow, debris flow, and fluvial deposits, with incised channels on upper parts of the mountain. Data include glacial areas and volumes, streamflow, sediment concentrations, temperature, and water chemistry of groundwater and springs. Many springs issue from fractures in lava and lava tubes around Mount Shasta and serve as sources of water for nearby towns. Groundwater levels fluctuate as much as 27 ft. Water sampled from wells meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Streamflow is affected by snowfield and glacial melt and precipitation, with some streams showing diurnal variations related to daily air temperature changes. Only four streams have sufficient streamflow to travel more than about 6 mi from the summit; differences in low flows are attributed to groundwater stored in materials that compose the mountain and alluvial fans and the rain shadow effect on precipitation in northwest areas of the mountain. Most streamflow is ephemeral and percolates into channel beds on alluvial fans. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874239","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., Poeschel, K., and Thornton, J., 1988, A water-resources appraisal of the Mount Shasta area in northern California, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4239, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874239.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55039,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4239/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeschel, K.R.","contributorId":98715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeschel","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornton, J.L.","contributorId":41460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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