{"pageNumber":"4244","pageRowStart":"106075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":1007875,"text":"1007875 - 1992 - Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:54:30.196175","indexId":"1007875","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\"","docAbstract":"

In recent years, cross-boundary management has become an essential part of park management. In this article we compare the perspectives of managers of several US national parks to the advice on this issue presented in the published literature. Data were obtained from interviews of the superintendents, assistant superintendents and resources managers of five major western national parks and from a survey of participants in a NPS workshop attended by park superintendents, scientists, and resource managers; law enforcement personnel; and interpreters. Three themes related to boundary management were consistently stressed by park managers: (10 a lack of sufficient funds and personnel within the parks; (2) the need for reliable information on both political and natural processes; and, (3) the importance of personal interactions between park staff and individuals from the surrounding area. Basic data collection, the documentation of trends, cooperative groups and personal contacts, educational programs, and land acquisition were the most useful strategies. A lack of funds and information, ineffective communication, enforcement problems, and a lack of motivation for parties to reach a negotiated agreement were the most serious obstacles. A wide range of valuable institutional knowledge concerning boundary management exists within the National Park Service; however, there appears to be a gap between published strategies and the approaches that work “on the ground”.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02645670","usgsCitation":"Buechner, M., Schonewald-Cox, C., Sauvajot, R., and Wilcox, B., 1992, Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\": Environmental Management, v. 16, no. 6, p. 799-809, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645670.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"809","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db68097b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buechner, M.","contributorId":90667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buechner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauvajot, R.","contributorId":7660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauvajot","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, B.","contributorId":42916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017314,"text":"70017314 - 1992 - Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell for Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00475493","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1992, Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 63, no. 3-4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493"},{"id":225213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffede4b0c8380cd4f49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017280,"text":"70017280 - 1992 - Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:31:55","indexId":"70017280","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Iron photoreduction in metal-rich, acidic streams affected by mine drainage accounts for some of the variability in metal chemistry of such streams, producing diel variations in Fe(II). Differentiation of the mechanisms of the Fe photoreduction reaction by a series of in-stream experiments at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, indicates that a homogeneous, solution-phase reaction can occur in the absence of suspended particulate Fe and bacteria, and the rate of reaction is increased by the presence of Fe colloids in the stream water. In-stream Fe photoreduction is limited during the diel cycle by the available Fe(III) in the water column and streambed. The quantum yield of Fe(II) was reproducible in diel measurements: the quantum yield, in mol E-1 (from 300 to 400 nm) was 1.4 ?? 10-3 in 1986, 0.8 ?? 10-3 in 1988 and 1.2 ?? 10-3 in 1989, at the same location and under similar streamflow and stream-chemistry conditions. In a photolysis control experiment, there was no detectable production of Fe(II) above background concentrations in stream-water samples that were experimentally excluded from sunlight. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., Wetherbee, G., and Harnish, R., 1992, Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.): Chemical Geology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266071,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5370e4b0c8380cd6cab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetherbee, G.A.","contributorId":46136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harnish, R.A.","contributorId":44565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017195,"text":"70017195 - 1992 - Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017195","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations (0.6-0.9 mg/l) of selenium were detected in the groundwater of a small backfill area at a surface mine in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. This report focuses on the source of selenium, its modes of occurrence in overburden deposits and backfill groundwater, and its fate. The immediate source of the selenium appeared to be the dissolution of preexisting soluble salts from the unsaturated zone of the overburden. The ultimate source of selenium was probably the oxidation of selenium-bearing pyrite in the geologic past. Overburden was placed partially in the saturated zone of the backfill where, upon resaturation, soluble salts dissolved in the groundwater. Water standing in the pit at the time of backfilling might have contributed to the elevated concentrations of selenium and other solutes. Selenium was found in an ash-rich coal and in clastic sediments in seven different modes of occurrence. The concentration of soluble selenium in the groundwater at this site has been decreasing since monitoring began in late 1982, and at the present rate of decrease, the concentration should drop below the State of Wyoming guideline of 0.05 mg/l for selenium in water intended for use by livestock by about mid-1992. The decrease in soluble selenium concentration may in part be due to microbially assisted reduction of selenate followed by sorption on clays and other sorbents. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704083","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Dreher, G., and Finkelman, R.B., 1992, Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 19, no. 3, p. 155-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704083.","startPage":"155","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704083"},{"id":224730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cfce4b08c986b3181fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreher, G.B.","contributorId":55578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186687,"text":"70186687 - 1992 - Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T19:59:46","indexId":"70186687","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"1992 min­eral frontiers on Indian lands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Horton, R.J., Karl, S.M., Griscom, A., Taylor, C., Bond, K.R., and Senterfit, R.M., 1992, Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska, 10 p. .","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Annette Island ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.59011840820312,\n 55.28615444946355\n ],\n [\n -131.73294067382812,\n 55.03038345469999\n ],\n [\n -131.61895751953125,\n 54.97130816096891\n ],\n [\n -131.5283203125,\n 55.01700067857539\n ],\n [\n -131.39236450195312,\n 54.99731200770691\n ],\n [\n -131.32232666015625,\n 55.04454858327969\n ],\n [\n -131.31820678710938,\n 55.19454801114891\n ],\n [\n -131.55029296875,\n 55.29084652771471\n ],\n [\n -131.56951904296875,\n 55.29553805130106\n ],\n [\n -131.59011840820312,\n 55.28615444946355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d641c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, C. D. 0000-0001-6376-6298","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":100401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bond, K. R.","contributorId":8112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senterfit, R. Michael","contributorId":10791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senterfit","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017141,"text":"70017141 - 1992 - Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:40:10.222065","indexId":"70017141","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between measurements of organic matter (OM) maturity and laboratory measurements of visible and near-infrared spectral reflectance, and if Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images could be used to map maturity. The maturity of Mississippian Chainman Shale samples collected in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah was determined by using vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. To establish the relations between maturity and spectral reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength region, VNIR reflectance spectra of fresh and weathered whole-rock sample surfaces were measured in the laboratory. The spectra were convolved digitally with the Landsat TM filter band passes to facilitate th analysis, especially the relative sensitivities of individual band passes and ratios of band passes to spectral reflectance variations related to OM maturity.

With increasing maturity, overall VNIR diffuse reflectance and mineral-absorption-feature intensities decrease, and the shape of the spectra changes from concave-downward to nearly flat. The spectral shape differences between mature and supermature samples remains distinctive in reflectance spectra of weathered surfaces. TM 4/TM 5 values correspond well to vitrinite reflectance and hydrogen index variations, and therefore this ratio was used to evaluate a TM image of the Eureka, Nevada, area for mapping thermal maturity differences in the Chainman Shale. First, the contribution of vegetation to the TM response was minimized using a linear regression technique, and then a TM 4/TM 5 density-sliced image was produced.

Field evaluation of the TM 4/TM 5 density-sliced image shows that all the high values in the Chainman Shale, which correspond to high maturity, are located in the Diamond Mountains; in contrast, Chainman Shale in the northwestern Pancake Range exhibits low to moderate values. These results are consistent with published local maturity determinations. Locally, the presence of limonitic arenaceous exposures and colluvium causes anomalously low TM 4/TM 5 values, but these areas can be identified in TM images because of their diagnostic VNIR reflectance spectra.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF895C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L., Pawlewicz, M., and Jones, O.D., 1992, Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 7, p. 1008-1023, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF895C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1008","endPage":"1023","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Eureka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a508be4b0c8380cd6b76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":22860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark","contributorId":69212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017193,"text":"70017193 - 1992 - Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:05:18.036391","indexId":"70017193","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies","docAbstract":"

At temperatures prevailing near the Earth's surface, metastable co-existence of chemical substances is common because chemical reactions that would directly lead to the attainment of thermody-namically most stable equilibria are often blocked by high activation energy barriers. The persistency of a metastable assemblage is then governed by alternative reaction paths that provide lower activation energy barriers. Comparison of observed mineral assemblages in the supergene oxidized and enriched sulfide ores with corresponding stability Eh-pH diagrams reveals that the supergene assemblages are mostly metastable due primarily to the persistency of sulfide minerals beyond stability boundaries.

A new set of diagrams called persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams has been constructed for binary metal sulfides on the basis of electrochemical and other experimental data. Each diagram delineates the persistency field, which is a combined field of thermodynamic stability and reaction path-controlled metastability, for a specific sulfide mineral. When applied to the supergene assemblages, these new diagrams show much better correspondence to the field observations. Although there may still be room for further refinement, the new diagrams appear to provide a strong visual aid to the understanding of the behavior of sulfide minerals in the supergene conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90294-S","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sato, M., 1992, Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 8, p. 3133-3156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90294-S.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"3133","endPage":"3156","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f3e4b0c8380cd783ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, M.","contributorId":50201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007906,"text":"1007906 - 1992 - Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T09:31:38","indexId":"1007906","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3090,"text":"Plant, Cell & Environment","onlineIssn":"1365-3040","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants","docAbstract":"δ13C values for freshwater aquatic plant matter varies from −11 to −50‰ and is not a clear indicator of photosynthetic pathway as in terrestrial plants. Several factors affect δ13C of aquatic plant matter. These include: (1) The δ13C signature of the source carbon has been observed to range from +1‰ for HCO3− derived from limestone to −30‰ for CO2 derived from respiration. (2) Some plants assimilate HCO3−, which is –7 to –11‰ less negative than CO2. (3) C3, C4, and CAM photosynthetic pathways are present in aquatic plants. (4) Diffusional resistances are orders of magnitude greater in the aquatic environment than in the aerial environment. The greater viscosity of water acts to reduce mixing of the carbon pool in the boundary layer with that of the bulk solution. In effect, many aquatic plants draw from a finite carbon pool, and as in terrestrial plants growing in a closed system, biochemical discrimination is reduced. In standing water, this factor results in most aquatic plants having a δ13C value similar to the source carbon. Using Farquhar's equation and other physiological data, it is possible to use δ13C values to evaluate various parameters affecting photosynthesis, such as limitations imposed by CO2 diffusion and carbon source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant, Cell and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Sandquist, D., 1992, Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants: Plant, Cell & Environment, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1021-1035, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268428,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandquist, D.R.","contributorId":37281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandquist","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017190,"text":"70017190 - 1992 - Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:44:47.719091","indexId":"70017190","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water","docAbstract":"

Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas in the uranium-238 decay series that has traditionally been called, simply, radon. The lung cancer risks associated with the inhalation of radon decay products have been well documented by epidemiological studies on populations of uranium miners.

The realization that radon is a public health hazard has raised the need for sampling and analytical guidelines for field personnel. Several sampling and analytical methods are being used to document radon concentrations in ground water and surface water worldwide but no convenient, single set of guidelines is available. Three different sampling and analytical methods-bubbler, liquid scintillation, and field screening-are discussed in this paper. The bubbler and liquid scintillation methods have high accuracy and precision, and small analytical method detection limits of 0.2 and 10 pCi/l (picocuries per liter), respectively. The field screening method generally is used as a qualitative reconnaissance tool.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00396521","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., and Gesell, T., 1992, Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396521.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab06be4b0c8380cd87ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesell, T.F.","contributorId":22097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017189,"text":"70017189 - 1992 - Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017189","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart","docAbstract":"This paper describes a numerical study of an elastic sphere moving down an incline with a string of identical spheres placed equally apart. Two momentum equations and a moment equation formulated for the moving sphere are solved numerically for the instantaneous velocity of the moving sphere on an incline with different angles of inclination. Input parameters for numerical simulation include the properties of the sphere (the radius, density, Poison's ratio, and Young's Modulus of elasticity), the coefficient of friction between the spheres, and a damping coefficient of the spheres during collision.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Engineering Mechanics","conferenceDate":"24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992","conferenceLocation":"College Station, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628671","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., Jan, C., Chen, C., and Shen, H.W., 1992, Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart, in Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics, College Station, TX, USA, 24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992, p. 764-767.","startPage":"764","endPage":"767","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6909e4b0c8380cd73b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jan, Chyan-Deng","contributorId":60384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jan","given":"Chyan-Deng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shen, Hsieh Wen","contributorId":41149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Hsieh","email":"","middleInitial":"Wen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017165,"text":"70017165 - 1992 - Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:44:34.998388","indexId":"70017165","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands","docAbstract":"
The overall shape of freshwater lenses can be determined by applying electromagnetic methods and inverse layered-earth modeling to the mapping of atoll island freshwater lenses. Conductivity profiles were run across the width of the inhabited islands at Mwoakilloa, Pingelap, and Sapwuahfik atolls of the Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia using a dual-loop, frequency-domain, electromagnetic profiling system. Six values of apparent conductivity were recorded at each sounding station and were used to interpret layer conductivities and/or thicknesses. A three-layer model that includes the unsaturated, freshwater, and saltwater zones was used to simulate apparent-conductivity data measured in the field.
Interpreted results were compared with chloride-concentration data from monitoring wells and indicate that the interface between freshwater and saltwater layers, defined from electromagnetic data, is located in the upper part of the transition zone, where the chloride-concentration profile shows a rapid increase with depth. The electromagnetic method can be used to interpret the thickness of the freshwater between monitoring wells, but can not be used to interpret the thickness of freshwater from monitoring wells to the margin of an island.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90050-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S.S., 1992, Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 137, no. 1-4, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90050-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a4e4b0c8380cd51be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, S. S.","contributorId":89173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007891,"text":"1007891 - 1992 - Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T16:26:24.730609","indexId":"1007891","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","title":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00195994","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Calkins, D., and Coon, N.C., 1992, Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 727-732, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195994.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 58.22865411165071\n ],\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 57.363780641266175\n ],\n [\n -151.67346514803057,\n 57.363780641266175\n ],\n [\n -151.67346514803057,\n 58.22865411165071\n ],\n [\n -152.87635871002695,\n 58.22865411165071\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, Donald","contributorId":190289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calkins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Nancy C.","contributorId":176389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coon","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017199,"text":"70017199 - 1992 - Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:04:19","indexId":"70017199","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents","docAbstract":"Unusually high abundances of sponges and gorgonian corals, covering as much as 25% of the bottom, occur at depths greater than 3.5 km on the Blake Spur, a rocky cliff-dominated feature on the western Atlantic continental margin. This is the first report of such high abundances of megafauna from a non-hydrothermal or otherwise chemosynthetically enriched site in abyssal depths. Animal densities at other steep rocky sites at similar depths are usually lower by more than an order of magnitude. The deep slope of the Blake Spur is exposed to the vigorous Western Boundary Undercurrent, with local flow speeds that may exceed 100 cm s-1. Currents can control this anomalous animal abundance by removing sediments and by enhancing fluxes, rather than concentrations, of food particles to the dominant suspension feeders. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F","issn":"01980149","usgsCitation":"Genin, A., Paull, C.K., and Dillon, W.P., 1992, Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 39, no. 2, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269286,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec45e4b0c8380cd49169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Genin, A.","contributorId":67664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007874,"text":"1007874 - 1992 - Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:54:24.945664","indexId":"1007874","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire","docAbstract":"

Demographic structure of 12 chaparral sites unburned for 56 to 120 years was investigated. All sites were dominated by vigorous shrub populations and, although there was colonization by seedlings of woodland tree species in several stands, successional replacement of chaparral was not imminent. Although successional changes in community composition were evident, there was no indication of a decline in species diversity. Non-sprouting species of Ceanothus suffered the greatest mortality at most, but not all, sites. Sprouting shrubs, such as Quercus and Heteromeles had very little mortality, even in stands more than a century old. All postfire resprouting species had multiple stems of different ages indicating these shrubs were capable of continuously regenerating their canopy from basal sprouts. Ceanothus populations were highly clumped and there was a significant correlation across all sites between variance/mean ratio and percentage mortality. As Ceanothus populations thinned, they became less clumped. In mixed chaparral stands, Quercus and Heteromeles were significantly taller than associated Ceanothus shrubs and overtopped the Ceanothus; at two sites, the density of live Quercus per plot was correlated with the density of dead Ceanothus. Thus, mortality of Ceanothus stems is likely related to both intra and interspecific interations.

Seedling recruitment was observed for most shrub species that regenerate after fire by resprouting; seedling and sapling densities ranging from 1000–36 500 ha-1 were recorded for Quercus dumosa, Rhamnus crocea, Prunus ilicifolia, Heteromeles arbutifolia and Cercocarpus betuloides. For all but the last species, seedlings and saplings were most abundant beneath the canopy cover and not in gaps. Across all sites, recruitment was significantly correlated with depth and bio-mass of the litter layer. Cercocarpus betuloides was present in several stands, but seedling establishment was found only in one very open, disturbed stand. Regardless of stand age, taxa such as Adenostoma, Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus, which recruit seedlings after fire, had no significant seedling production.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3236001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1992, Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 3, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017010,"text":"70017010 - 1992 - Statistical sampling of the distribution of uranium deposits using geologic/geographic clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017010","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical sampling of the distribution of uranium deposits using geologic/geographic clusters","docAbstract":"The concept of geologic/geographic clusters was developed particularly to study grade and tonnage models for sandstone-type uranium deposits. A cluster is a grouping of mined as well as unmined uranium occurrences within an arbitrary area about 8 km across. A cluster is a statistical sample that will reflect accurately the distribution of uranium in large regions relative to various geologic and geographic features. The example of the Colorado Plateau Uranium Province reveals that only 3 percent of the total number of clusters is in the largest tonnage-size category, greater than 10,000 short tons U3O8, and that 80 percent of the clusters are hosted by Triassic and Jurassic rocks. The distributions of grade and tonnage for clusters in the Powder River Basin show a wide variation; the grade distribution is highly variable, reflecting a difference between roll-front deposits and concretionary deposits, and the Basin contains about half the number in the greater-than-10,000 tonnage-size class as does the Colorado Plateau, even though it is much smaller. The grade and tonnage models should prove useful in finding the richest and largest uranium deposits. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782268","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Grundy, W., and Pierson, C.T., 1992, Statistical sampling of the distribution of uranium deposits using geologic/geographic clusters: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 148-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782268.","startPage":"148","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782268"},{"id":224672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9741e4b08c986b31b99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, W.D.","contributorId":73227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, C. T.","contributorId":57055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017313,"text":"70017313 - 1992 - Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:41:51.95497","indexId":"70017313","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","docAbstract":"

The Cordilleran orogen in south-eastern Alaska includes 14 distinct metamorphic belts that make up three major metamorphic complexes, from east to west: the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex in the Coast Mountains; the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex in the central part of the Alexander Archipelago; and the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex in the northern outer islands. Each of these complexes is related to a major subduction event. The metamorphic history of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex is lengthy and is related to the Late Cretaceous collision of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes and the Gravina overlap assemblage to the west against the Stikine terrane to the east. The metamorphic history of the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex is relatively simple and is related to the roots of a Late Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous island arc. The metamorphic history of the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex is complicated and developed during and after the Late Cretaceous collision of the Chugach terrane with the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes.

The Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex records both dynamothermal and regional contact metamorphic events related to widespread plutonism within several juxtaposed terranes. Widespread moderate-P/T dynamothermal metamorphism affected most of this complex during the early Late Cretaceous, and local high-P/T metamorphism affected some parts during the middle Late Cretaceous. These events were contemporaneous with low- to moderate-P, high-T metamorphism elsewhere in the complex. Finally, widespread high-P–T conditions affected most of the western part of the complex in a culminating late Late Cretaceous event. The eastern part of the complex contains an older, pre-Late Triassic metamorphic belt that has been locally overprinted by a widespread middle Tertiary thermal event.

The Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex records dominantly regional contact-metamorphic events that affected rocks of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. Widespread low-P, high-T assemblages occur adjacent to regionally extensive foliated granitic, dioritic and gabbroic rocks. Two closely related plutonic events are recognized, one of Late Jurassic age and another of late Early and early Late Cretaceous age; the associated metamorphic events are indistinguishable. A small Late Devonian or Early Mississippian dynamothermal belt occurs just north-east of the complex. Two older low-grade regional metamorphic belts on strike with the complex to the south are related to a Cambrian to Ordovician orogeny and to a widespread Middle Silurian to Early Devonian orogeny.

The Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex records a widespread late Late Cretaceous low- to medium/high-P, moderate- T metamorphic event and a local transitional or superposed early Tertiary low-P, high-T regional metamorphic event associated with mesozonal granitic intrusions that affected regionally deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Chugach terrane. The Chugach complex also includes a post-Late Triassic to pre-Late Jurassic belt with uncertain relations to the younger belts.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Himmelberg, G.R., Loney, R.A., and Ford, A.B., 1992, Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 465-482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027fe4b0c8380cd50088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017011,"text":"70017011 - 1992 - Probabilistic methodology for estimation of undiscovered petroleum resources in play analysis of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017011","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic methodology for estimation of undiscovered petroleum resources in play analysis of the United States","docAbstract":"A geostochastic system called FASPF was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for their 1989 assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources in the United States. FASPF is a fast appraisal system for petroleum play analysis using a field-size geological model and an analytic probabilistic methodology. The geological model is a particular type of probability model whereby the volumes of oil and gas accumulations are modeled as statistical distributions in the form of probability histograms, and the risk structure is bilevel (play and accumulation) in terms of conditional probability. The probabilistic methodology is an analytic method derived from probability theory rather than Monte Carlo simulation. The resource estimates of crude oil and natural gas are calculated and expressed in terms of probability distributions. The probabilistic methodology developed by the author is explained. The analytic system resulted in a probabilistic methodology for play analysis, subplay analysis, economic analysis, and aggregation analysis. Subplay analysis included the estimation of petroleum resources on non-Federal offshore areas. Economic analysis involved the truncation of the field size with a minimum economic cutoff value. Aggregation analysis was needed to aggregate individual play and subplay estimates of oil and gas, respectively, at the provincial, regional, and national levels. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782269","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1992, Probabilistic methodology for estimation of undiscovered petroleum resources in play analysis of the United States: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 153-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782269.","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782269"},{"id":224673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c95e4b0c8380cd7e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017203,"text":"70017203 - 1992 - Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:22:45.632022","indexId":"70017203","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations","docAbstract":"

Experimental studies, using cold-seal and extraction vessel techniques, were conducted on Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cu sulfide solubilities in chloride solutions at temperatures from 300 degrees to 700 degrees C and pressures from 0.5 to 2 kbars. The solutions were buffered in pH by a quartz monzonite and the pure potassium feldspar-muscovite-quartz assemblage and in f (sub S 2 ) - f (sub O 2 ) largely by the assemblage pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite. Solubilities increase with increasing temperature and total chloride, and decrease with increasing pressure. The rise in solubility is particularly steep between 300 degrees and 500 degrees C and between 1,000 and 500 bars. With increasing temperature at any given pressure, or with decreasing pressure at any given temperature, metal solubility eventually passes through a maximum due to increasing competition for chloride by the alkali, hydrogen, and base metal ions and because intersection with a two-fluid region eventually occurs. In that portion of the two-fluid region encountered in the study, metal solubilities in the brine were very high, but solubilities in the gas phase also were significant. In a system controlled by the potassium feldspar-muscovite-quartz buffer, 1-m total Cl (super -) , and the assemblage pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite-sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite, solubilities in ppm at 1 kbar and 300 degrees , 400 degrees , and 500 degrees C were 237, 1,216, and 5,636, for Fe; 51, 613, and 3,105 for Pb; 36, 423, and 2,649 for Zn; and 11, 40, and 113 for Cu, respectively. At 400 degrees C, 0.5 and 2 kbars, the values were 2,627 and 500 for Fe; 1,262 and 194 for Pb; 983 and 120 for Zn; and 60 and 29 for Cu, respectively. All of the above were in the single-fluid region. Single-metal solubilities also were investigated to assess the influence of iron on the solubility of the other metals and to corroborate preliminary dissociation constants for the metal chloride complexes involved. The effect of increasing chloride concentration on solubility reflects primarily a shift to lower pH via the silicate buffer reactions. The effect of decreasing pressure reflects primarily the relative change in the dissociation constants of the chloride complexes involved. Increasing sulfur fugacity lowers solubility, but in systems controlled at relatively low values by an f (sub S 2 ) buffer or wall-rock sulfidation reactions, solutions of high metal content relative to reduced sulfur will tend to develop at high chloride concentrations. Similarity in behavior with respect to the temperature and pressure of Fe, Zn, and Pb sulfide solubilities points to similarity in chloride speciation, and the neutral species appear to be dominant in the high-temperature region. At 500 degrees C and 1 kbar, the log K D values for FeCl degrees 2 , PbCl degrees 2 , ZnCl degrees 2 , and CuCl degrees are, respectively, -8.76, -9.14, -10.86, and -6.22.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.1","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hemley, J., Cygan, G., Fein, J., Robinson, and d’Angelo, W.M., 1992, Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37a4e4b0c8380cd6103b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cygan, G.L.","contributorId":56379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fein, J.B.","contributorId":97257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fein","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017204,"text":"70017204 - 1992 - Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:20:31.530915","indexId":"70017204","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone","docAbstract":"

The Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy, contains an igneous complex up to 10 km thick that is thought to have been intruded near the interface between the continental crust and mantle during the late Paleozoic. New data indicate that this complex is pervasively deformed and concentrically foliated. Widespread deformation under hypersolidus conditions is indicated by growth of undeformed poikilitic phases across the foliation and segregation of late-stage melts into high-temperature faults and pressure shadows of boudins. The presence of analogous features in ophiolitic gabbros suggests that emplacement of the Ivrea- Verbano zone plutonic rocks involved large-scale flow of crystal mush in a dynamic, and possibly extensional, tectonic environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0613:SDITUI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Quick, J.E., Sinigoi, S., Negrini, L., Demarchi, G., and Mayer, A., 1992, Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone: Geology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 613-616, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0613:SDITUI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba344e4b08c986b31fc38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinigoi, S.","contributorId":77245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinigoi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Negrini, L.","contributorId":96019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demarchi, G.","contributorId":66428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarchi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, A.","contributorId":96780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017129,"text":"70017129 - 1992 - Lithofacies analysis of colluvial sediments - an aid in interpreting the recent history of Quaternary normal faults in the Basin and Range Province, western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T11:04:56.354433","indexId":"70017129","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies analysis of colluvial sediments - an aid in interpreting the recent history of Quaternary normal faults in the Basin and Range Province, western United States","docAbstract":"

Inferring the frequency and magnitude of past earthquakes from the stratigraphy in exposures of normal-faulted sediments is difficult because colluvial lithofacies assemblages adjacent to faults are complex. Similarities in facies assemblages adjacent to young fault scarps in arid to semiarid areas, such as the Basin and Range province, allow lithofacies to be grouped into two genetic architectural elements: debris and wash elements. Upper and lower facies associations can commonly be recognized within each element. A lithofacies code scheme, similar to those used in the analysis of fluvial and glacial lithofacies sequences, provides a concise way of illustrating lithofacies relations in fault exposures. The source lithology of colluvial lithofacies is shown in the code, and soil-horizon symbols can be included. The architecture of lithofacies assemblages near fault scarps in semiarid areas is explained by a model of colluvial sedimentation in response to a single surface faulting event. Analysis of lithofacies assemblages exposed in three trenches across normal faults in the eastern Basin and Range shows how the model can be used to interpret fault histories. Similar facies analysis methods may be useful in interpreting colluvial sequences formed by non-tectonic processes.

","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/D426796F-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., 1992, Lithofacies analysis of colluvial sediments - an aid in interpreting the recent history of Quaternary normal faults in the Basin and Range Province, western United States: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, no. 4, p. 607-621, https://doi.org/10.1306/D426796F-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"621","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v59-62/data/062/062004/0607.htm"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4832e4b0c8380cd67cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017127,"text":"70017127 - 1992 - Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:29:26","indexId":"70017127","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert","docAbstract":"Lens-like rhodochrosite-rich bodies within interbedded chert and shale are associated with basalt and/or graywacke in ophiolitic and orogenic zones. The Buckeye manganese mine in the Franciscan Complex of the California Coast Ranges is associated with metagraywacke. Despite blueschist-facies metamorphism, this deposit preserves the compositions and some textural features of its sedimentary protoliths. For this reason, it is a suitable deposit with which to compare more intensely altered deposits, or deposits originating in different paleoenvironments. Six Mn-rich and three Mn-poor minerals form monomineralic layers and mixtures: rhodochrosite, gageite, Mn-oxides (hausmannite, braunite), divalent Mn-silicates (caryopilite, taneyamalite), chlorite, quartz (metachert) and aegirine-augite. The Mn-rich protoliths have high Mn/Fe combined with relatively low concentrations of Ca, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Th and REE. REE patterns of various protoliths are distinct. Rhodochrosite and gageite layers are depleted (seawater ?? 5 ?? 104) and flat, whereas patterns of metachert and the Mn-silicate-rich layers mimic the patterns of metashale and metagraywacke (seawater ?? 106). Hausmannite layers have flat patterns (seawater ?? 7 ?? 104) whereas braunite-rich layers are more enriched (seawater ?? 2 ?? 105) and show a distinct positive Ce anomaly. Factor analysis reveals components and fluxes attributed to sub-seafloor fluids (Ni, As, Zn, Sb, W, Mn), seawater (Mg, Au, V, Mo), detritus and veins (Ca, Ba, Sr). Silica is negatively correlated with the sub-seafloor factor. The observed variances indicate that water from the sediment column mixed with seawater, that deposition occurred near the sediment-seawater interface before mixtures of subsurface fluid and seawater homogenized, and that the system was not entirely closed during metamorphism. The variations in REE enrichment can be related to kinetics of deposition: rhodochrosite and gageite were precipitated most rapidly, and therefore were the protoliths that most effectively diluted the REE-rich background resulting from fine clastic material (derived from distal turbidites). The variation of the Ce anomaly and U/Th among diverse lithologies and the differences in Mn oxidation states are consistent with progressive dilution of reduced subsurface fluids with oxidized seawater. By this scheme, rhodochrosite, gageite and hausmannite were deposited from the most reduced fluids, braunite from intermediate mixtures, and Mn-silicates from the sub-seafloor fluids most diluted with fresh seawater. Comparison of the Buckeye with other lens-like and sheet-like deposits having high Mn/Fe and containing Mn3+ and/or Mn2+ suggests that each had three essential fluxes: a sub-seafloor source of Mn, a local source of very soluble silica and a source of relatively fresh, oxygenated water. Additional fluxes, such as clastics, appear to be more characteristic of the paleoenvironment than the three essential fluxes. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90104-D","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Huebner, J., Flohr, M., and Grossman, J.N., 1992, Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert: Chemical Geology, v. 100, no. 1-2, p. 93-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90104-D.","startPage":"93","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266069,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90104-D"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57ce4b0c8380cd4c25a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huebner, J.S.","contributorId":41422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flohr, M.J.K.","contributorId":73753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017312,"text":"70017312 - 1992 - Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:02:02","indexId":"70017312","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile","docAbstract":"Cold-adapted beetles colonized the lowlands of the Lake Region of south-central Chile following the retreat of glaciers from their maximum extent at about 19,500 yr B.P. The beetle fauna from 18,000 to 14,000 yr B.P. was characterized by species of moorland habitats. This fauna was species-poor compared to later faunas of the postglacial interval. By 14,000 yr B.P. arboreal species were replacing species of open habitats, reflecting a change toward a warmer climate. By about 12,500 yr B.P. fossil beetle assemblages consisted entirely of rain forest species. The fauna of the postglacial interval was about five times as species-rich as that of the glacial interval. The change in species composition and greater diversity of the beetle fauna was produced by an increase in mean annual temperature estimated to be about 4??-5??C. This was the last major climatic change to affect profoundly the biota of the middle latitudes of South America. The fossil beetle assemblages do not imply a reversal to a colder climate at the time of the European Younger Dryas interval between 11,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hoganson, J., and Ashworth, A., 1992, Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8"},{"id":225166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1384e4b0c8380cd546a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoganson, J.W.","contributorId":100127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoganson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashworth, A.C.","contributorId":45061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashworth","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017091,"text":"70017091 - 1992 - Sr-Isotope record of Quaternary marine terraces on the California coast and off Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:53:10","indexId":"70017091","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr-Isotope record of Quaternary marine terraces on the California coast and off Hawaii","docAbstract":"Strontium-isotopic ratios of dated corals have been obtained from submerged reefs formed during Quaternary glacial periods off the Hawaiian islands. These data, combined with data from deep-sea sediments, tightly constrain the secular variation of marine 87Sr 86Sr for the past 800,000 yr. Although long-term trends are apparent, no significant (>0.02???), rapid (<100,000 yr) excursions in 87Sr 86Sr were resolved nor did we observe any samples with 87Sr 86Sr greater than that of modern seawater. Strontium in mollusks from elevated marine terraces formed during interglacial periods on the southern California coast show resolvable and consistent variations in 87Sr 86Sr which, when compared to the trend of Quaternary marine 87Sr 86Sr, can be used to infer uplift rates and define approximate ages for the higher terraces. The Sr-isotope age estimates indicate that uplift rates vary among crustal blocks and were not necessarily constant with time. No contrast in Sr-isotopic ratios between similar-age Hawaiian and California fossils was observed, confirming that any change in marine 87Sr 86Sr from glacial to interglacial periods must be small. A realistic appraisal of the potential of Sr-isotope stratigraphy for chronometric applications in the Quaternary suggests that the technique will be limited to relatively coarse distinctions in age. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(92)90066-R","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., Muhs, D., Simmons, K.R., and Moore, J., 1992, Sr-Isotope record of Quaternary marine terraces on the California coast and off Hawaii: Quaternary Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 267-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90066-R.","startPage":"267","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266478,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90066-R"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9642e4b08c986b31b3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016999,"text":"70016999 - 1992 - Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T15:00:55","indexId":"70016999","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","docAbstract":"Hydrous iron and aluminum oxides are deposited on the streambed in the confluence of the Snake River and Deer Creek, two streams in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The Snake River is acidic and has high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Al. These metals precipitate at the confluence with the pristine, neutral pH, Deer Creek because of the greater pH (4.5-6.0) in the confluence. The composition of the deposited oxides changes consistently with distance downstream, with the most upstream oxide samples having the greatest Fe and organic carbon content. Fulvic acid accounts for most of the organic content of the oxides. Results indicate that streambed oxides in the confluence are not saturated with respect to their capacity to sorb dissolved humic substances from streamwater. The contents of several trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co) also decrease with distance downstream and are correlated with both the Fe and organic carbon contents. Strong metal-binding sites associated with the sorbed fulvic acid are more than sufficient to account for the trace metal content of the oxides. Complexation of trace metals by sorbed fulvic acid may explain the observed downstream decrease in trace metal content.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R., Bencala, K., Zellweger, G.W., and Feder, G.L., 1992, Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream: Science of Total Environment, v. 117-118, p. 485-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7"},{"id":224477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117-118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016998,"text":"70016998 - 1992 - Leaks in pipe networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:54:14.883386","indexId":"70016998","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaks in pipe networks","docAbstract":"

Leak detection in water‐distribution systems can be accomplished by solving an inverse problem using measurements of pressure and/or flow. The problem is formulated with equivalent orifice areas of possible leaks as the unknowns. Minimization of the difference between measured and calculated heads produces a solution for the areas. The quality of the result depends on number and location of the measurements. A sensitivity matrix is key to deciding where to make measurements. Both location and magnitude of leaks are sensitive to the quantity and quality of pressure measurements and to how well the pipe friction parameters are known. The overdetermined problem (more measurements than suspected leaks) gives the best results, but some information can be derived from the underdetermined problem. The variance of leak areas, based on the quality of system characteristics and pressure data, indicates the likely accuracy of the results. The method will not substitute for more traditional leak surveys but can serve as a guide and supplement.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1031)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Pudar, R.S., and Liggett, J.A., 1992, Leaks in pipe networks: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 118, no. 7, p. 1031-1046, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1031).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1046","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45efe4b0c8380cd67532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pudar, Ranko S.","contributorId":39131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pudar","given":"Ranko","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liggett, James A.","contributorId":74145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liggett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}