Between 1982 and 1986, 402 (290 live, 112 dead) exotic, migrant or native resident birds on Guam were surveyed for disease-causing agents to determine the role of disease in the decline of native forest bird populations on Guam. Traumatic injury, primarily from collisions with motor vehicles and predation, was the most prevalent (46%) cause of death. Thirty-eight percent of the carcasses examined were in poor body condition largely as a result of inadequate nutrition in captive native birds and poultry and adipose exhaustion in errant migrants. A variety of commensal or opportunistic bacteria, including Salmonella spp., were cultured from 220 birds, and nothing remarkable was found in 15 fecal samples. Lastly, no haematozoans, the suspected cause for the decline of the Hawaiian avifauna, were observed in blood slides examined from 260 birds. Based on the results of the survey and other lines of evidence presented in the discussion, we concluded there were no data implicating disease in the decline of Guam's avifauna.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-28.2.206","usgsCitation":"Savidge, J., Sileo, L., and Siegfried, L.M., 1992, Was disease involved in the decimation of Guam's avifauna?: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 28, no. 2, p. 206-214, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-28.2.206.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-28.2.206","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.7057342529297,\n 13.22256663278807\n ],\n [\n 144.74624633789062,\n 13.251307933863542\n ],\n [\n 144.77439880371094,\n 13.27469951026642\n ],\n [\n 144.7785186767578,\n 13.30276642790536\n ],\n [\n 144.7833251953125,\n 13.365571074958257\n ],\n [\n 144.7853851318359,\n 13.398303188144478\n ],\n [\n 144.810791015625,\n 13.4216805428783\n ],\n [\n 144.85061645507812,\n 13.451065987933186\n ],\n [\n 144.89044189453125,\n 13.479112368885975\n ],\n [\n 144.93301391601562,\n 13.511161346378216\n ],\n [\n 144.95155334472656,\n 13.539200668930816\n ],\n [\n 144.96322631835938,\n 13.576581291896971\n ],\n [\n 144.9694061279297,\n 13.605280274311182\n ],\n [\n 144.9529266357422,\n 13.610619236277133\n ],\n [\n 144.92408752441406,\n 13.611953957949668\n ],\n [\n 144.8828887939453,\n 13.652659349024093\n ],\n [\n 144.8712158203125,\n 13.662000579724483\n ],\n [\n 144.85267639160156,\n 13.661333361233476\n ],\n [\n 144.84100341796875,\n 13.656662778922\n ],\n [\n 144.83139038085938,\n 13.639314092068409\n ],\n [\n 144.82452392578125,\n 13.617960112295492\n ],\n [\n 144.81765747070312,\n 13.579251111245878\n ],\n [\n 144.80735778808594,\n 13.563231744609336\n ],\n [\n 144.79705810546875,\n 13.551884039382408\n ],\n [\n 144.79225158691406,\n 13.538533104383067\n ],\n [\n 144.7833251953125,\n 13.522510993577178\n ],\n [\n 144.76890563964844,\n 13.51316426456405\n ],\n [\n 144.73937988281247,\n 13.50047883196847\n ],\n [\n 144.71397399902344,\n 13.494469707442164\n ],\n [\n 144.64530944824216,\n 13.479112368885975\n ],\n [\n 144.63088989257812,\n 13.474438200382698\n ],\n [\n 144.61166381835938,\n 13.456408409113296\n ],\n [\n 144.6068572998047,\n 13.445723447606877\n ],\n [\n 144.61166381835938,\n 13.427691494950652\n ],\n [\n 144.62951660156247,\n 13.416337348030744\n ],\n [\n 144.64805603027344,\n 13.403646783973812\n ],\n [\n 144.65286254882812,\n 13.392291500938896\n ],\n [\n 144.63912963867188,\n 13.371583429171958\n ],\n [\n 144.62127685546875,\n 13.358890505573564\n ],\n [\n 144.61029052734375,\n 13.337511440869523\n ],\n [\n 144.6247100830078,\n 13.318135029644745\n ],\n [\n 144.63912963867188,\n 13.310116750415707\n ],\n [\n 144.6398162841797,\n 13.298757067099572\n ],\n [\n 144.63775634765625,\n 13.278709268693333\n ],\n [\n 144.63363647460938,\n 13.23526669562662\n ],\n [\n 144.64462280273435,\n 13.224571949859005\n ],\n [\n 144.7057342529297,\n 13.22256663278807\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savidge, Julie A.","contributorId":10225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savidge","given":"Julie A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegfried, Lynne M.","contributorId":53732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegfried","given":"Lynne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":315080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016957,"text":"70016957 - 1992 - Sulfate retention and release in soils at Panola Mountain, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016957","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate retention and release in soils at Panola Mountain, Georgia","docAbstract":"Inorganic sulfate pools, sulfate sorption characteristics, and Fe and Al fractions were determined on soils at Panola Mountain, a 41-ha forested watershed in the Georgia Piedmont. Sulfate sorption properties of these soils fall along a continuum between two end members. The \"low-adsorbing' end member comprises shallow soils (0-10 cm), with high water-soluble sulfate (Sw), low phosphate-extractable sulfate (Sp-w), high organic matter, low sulfate retention ability, and high sulfate adsorption reversibility. The \"high-adsorbing' end member comprises deeper soils (>10 cm), with higher total native sulfate (mostly as Sp-w), low organic matter, high sulfate retention ability, and low sulfate adsorption reversibility. Sulfate retention was only weakly related to Fe and Al fractions, possibly because of inhibition of adsorption by organic matter. Sulfate concentrations in surface waters reflect the spatial distribution of soil sulfate retention properties. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., 1992, Sulfate retention and release in soils at Panola Mountain, Georgia: Soil Science, v. 153, no. 6, p. 499-508.","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc2e4b08c986b31da68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186659,"text":"70186659 - 1992 - Invertebrate trace fossils; the backbone of continental ichnology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T15:05:54","indexId":"70186659","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Invertebrate trace fossils; the backbone of continental ichnology","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trace fossils","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hasiotis, S., and Bown, T.M., 1992, Invertebrate trace fossils; the backbone of continental ichnology, chap. of Trace fossils, p. 64-104.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e7540ae4b09da6799c0ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasiotis, S.T.","contributorId":107020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016567,"text":"70016567 - 1992 - Paleomagnetic data bearing on the origin of arcuate structures in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain area of southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:56:53.251112","indexId":"70016567","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic data bearing on the origin of arcuate structures in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain area of southern Nevada","docAbstract":"The eastern margin of the Yucca Flat basin, in southern Nevada, is bounded by north-northwest-striking tilted fault blocks of the Halfpint Range whose strikes curve as much as 90° clockwise into east-northeast strikes in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain (FPMM) area. This pattern of arcuate structures has been attributed to clockwise drag along a postulated northwest-trending, right-lateral shear zone. The flexure model implies that rocks within the FPMM area were rotated strongly clockwise about a vertical axis. Directions of remanent magnetization of the middle Miocene Ammonia Tanks and Rainier Mesa Members of the Timber Mountain Tuff and of the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff indicate no systematic vertical-axis rotation in the FPMM area and disprove the flexure model. After tilt correction, declinations of 29 site means obtained from the three ash-flow sheets in the FPMM area are not systematically different than declinations of 17 site means from the Halfpint Range or declinations of 16 site means from little-deformed mesa areas to the west. The paleomagnetic data thus indicate that structures in the FPMM area initiated with arcuate trends and were not originally straight elements that were rotated by right-lateral drag. The structures probably formed under the influence of spatially variable stress fields. The FPMM area lies in an accommodation zone between domains of oppositely tilted extensional fault blocks. Interaction between stress fields associated with propagating normal-fault zones may have been responsible for the arcuate structures in the FPMM area.
Comparison of the petrology of shallow and deep oil reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous Shannon Sandstone Beds of the Steele Member of the Cody Shale strongly suggests that organic acids have had a more significant impact on the diagenetic alteration of aluminosilicate grains and carbonate cements in the deep reservoirs than in the shallow reservoirs. Vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval measurements, as well as the time-temperature index and kinetic modeling, indicate that deep reservoirs have been subjected to maximum temperatures of approximately 110-120 degrees C, whereas shallow reservoirs have reached only 75 degrees C. Only the deep reservoirs, therefore, have reached higher temperatures and have been (and some still are) within the zone (80-120 degrees C) of maximum organic acid production. Burial history reconstruction and paragenetic relations show that oil migration into Shannon reservoirs occurred in the middle to late Tertiary.
In shallow reservoirs, detrital grains exhibit minor dissolution, sparse and small overgrowths, and secondary porosity created by dissolution of early calcite cement. However, deeper sandstones are characterized by extensive dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and detrital glauconite grains, and precipitation of abundant, large quartz and feldspar overgrowths. Quartz overgrowths commonly have crystallographically controlled etch pits. Throughout the Shannon and Steele, dissolution of glauconite and degradation of kerogen were probably aided by clay mineral/organic catalysis, which caused simultaneous reduction of iron and oxidation of kerogen. This process resulted in release of ferrous iron and organic acids and was promoted in the deep reservoirs by higher formation temperatures acco nting for more extensive dissolution of aluminosilicate grains. At the temperatures of deep Shannon reservoirs, alkalinity was buffered by organic acid anions so that iron released from glauconite precipitated as chlorite and abundant, multistage ferroan carbonate overgrowths.
Carbonic acid produced from the dissolution of early calcite cement, decarboxylation of organic matter, and influx of meteoric water after Laramide uplift produced additional dissolution of cements and grains. Dissolution by organic acids and complexing by organic acid anions, however, best explain the intensity of diagenesis and absence of dissolution products in secondary pores and on etched surfaces of framework grains in deep reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF88D0-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Hansley, P.L., and Nuccio, V.F., 1992, Upper Cretaceous Shannon Sandstone reservoirs, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Evidence for organic acid diagenesis?: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 6, p. 781-791, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF88D0-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.11136923745693,\n 44.99110097799101\n ],\n [\n -107.11136923745693,\n 42.430693192396774\n ],\n [\n -104.21259723053635,\n 42.430693192396774\n ],\n [\n -104.21259723053635,\n 44.99110097799101\n ],\n [\n -107.11136923745693,\n 44.99110097799101\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd32e4b08c986b328f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansley, Paula L.","contributorId":225137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansley","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41044,"text":"Petrographic Consultants International, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016863,"text":"70016863 - 1992 - General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:27:11.909057","indexId":"70016863","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America","docAbstract":"Temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation is a dominant factor in regional temporal climate variations. In the midlatitudes, temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation has been found to be related to temporal variations in regional air temperature and precipitation. General circulation model (GCM) simulations of long-term changes in synoptic-scale circulation may be useful in assessing the effects of climate change on regional air temperature and precipitation.
Atmospheric pressure is an important component of synoptic-scale circulation. In this paper, observed sea-level pressures were used to evaluate winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America simulated by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation models. The objective of the study is to determine how similar the spatial and temporal distributions of GCM-simulated daily sea-level pressures over North America are to observed distributions.
Overall, both models are better at reproducing observed within-season variance of winter and summer sea-level pressures than they are at simulating the magnitude of mean winter and summer sea-level pressures. Results indicate that winter sea-level pressures are better simulated by the GISS model than by the GFDL model. The GFDL model simulates anomalously high winter sea-level pressures over north-eastern North America. In summer, the GISS model underestimates sea-level pressures, whereas the GFDL model overestimates sea-level pressures over most of North America. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicate that much of the error in model simulations can be attributed to differences between simulated and observed means. Comparisons of spatial correlation matrices of observed and simulated sea-level pressures indicate that GCMs simulate spatial variability of sea-level pressures that is similar to observed. These results suggest that GCMs are able to simulate major components of synoptic-scale circulation over North America, especially for winter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3370120805","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Legates, D., 1992, General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America: International Journal of Climatology, v. 12, no. 8, p. 815-827, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370120805.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1500e4b0c8380cd54c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legates, D.R.","contributorId":58402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legates","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016769,"text":"70016769 - 1992 - Dynamics of soil carbon during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T15:56:29.947079","indexId":"70016769","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of soil carbon during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet","docAbstract":"Deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America was accompanied by sequestration of organic carbon in newly exposed soils. The greatest rate of land exposure occurred around 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, and the greatest increase in the rate of carbon sequestration by soils occurred from 8,000 to 4,000 years ago. Sequestration of carbon in deglaciated peat lands continues today, and a steady state has not been reached. The natural rate of carbon sequestration in soils, however, is small relative to the rate of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.258.5090.1921","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Harden, J.W., Mark, R.K., Sundquist, E., and Stallard, R., 1992, Dynamics of soil carbon during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Science, v. 258, no. 5090, p. 1921-1924, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5090.1921.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1921","endPage":"1924","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"5090","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0437e4b0c8380cd5086a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sundquist, E.T.","contributorId":13990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016325,"text":"70016325 - 1992 - Use of D-C resistivity to map saline ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T14:51:02","indexId":"70016325","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Use of D-C resistivity to map saline ground water","docAbstract":"It has been estimated in previous studies that 23 square miles of the Oxnard aquifer, a member of a multi-layered aquifer system beneath the Oxnard plain in Ventura County, California, has been contaminated as a result of seawater intrusion. To investigate this and other potential sources of saline water, a direct-current resistivity survey was made as an alternative to the costly and time-consuming method of well drilling in the part of the Oxnard plain where ground water is believed to be most affected by seawater. Findings from this survey and water-quality data collected from wells as part of this study suggest that the extent of seawater intrusion is much less than reported. A field inventory of the current monitoring-well network utilized by managing agencies suggests that the integrity of most of the well casings is questionable. Leakage of saline water from an unconfined `perched zone' through these and other failed or corroded well casings is a possible source of increasing chloride concentration in the underlying Oxnard aquifer. Saline water also may be present in fine-grained deposits along the eastern limit of the Oxnard aquifer. Pumping near this area could induce the lateral migration of saline water from these deposits.","largerWorkTitle":"Irrigation and Drainage: Saving a Threatened Resource - In Search of Solutions, Proceedings of the Irrigation and Drainage Sessions at Water Forum '92","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the ASCE National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage - Water Forum '92","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"0872628779","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Predmore, S.K., and Zohdy, A.A., 1992, Use of D-C resistivity to map saline ground water, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263313,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70016325/70016325.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.25,34.08 ], [ -119.25,34.18 ], [ -119.06,34.18 ], [ -119.06,34.08 ], [ -119.25,34.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe60e4b08c986b32956b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Predmore, Steven K. spredmor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Predmore","given":"Steven","email":"spredmor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":373186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zohdy, Adel A. 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As such, it includes the renewed use of gross-in-place values (GIPV's) in dollars of the estimated amounts of metal contained in the undiscovered resources as a measure for land-use planning. Southeastern Alaska is geologically complex and contains a wide variety of known mineral deposits, some of which have produced important amounts of metals during the past 100 years. Regional geological, economic geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral exploration history information for the region was integrated to define 124 tracts likely to contain undiscovered mineral resources. Some tracts were judged to contain more than one type of mineral deposit. Each type of deposit may contain one or more metallic elements of economic interest. For tracts where information was sufficient, the minimum number of as-yet-undiscovered deposits of each type was estimated at probability levels of 0.95, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10, and 0.05. The undiscovered mineral resources of the individual tracts were estimated using the U.S. Geological Survey's MARK3 mineral-resource endowment simulator; those estimates were used to calculate GIPV's for the individual tracts. Those GIPV's were aggregated to estimate the value of the undiscovered mineral resources of southeastern Alaska. The aggregated GIPV of the estimates is $40.9 billion. Analysis of this study indicates that (1) there is only a crude positive correlation between the size of individual tracts and their mean GIPV's: and (2) the number of mineral-deposit types in a tract does not dominate the GIPV's of the tracts, but the inferred presence of synorogenic-synvolcanic nickel-copper, porphyry copper skarn-related, iron skarn, and porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits does. The influence of this study on the U.S. Forest Service planning process is yet to be determined. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782695","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Drew, L., and Ludington, S.D., 1992, The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands, Southeastern Alaska: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 4, p. 303-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695.","startPage":"303","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782695"},{"id":222993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0a1e4b08c986b324f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lead poisoning in waterfowl: proceedings of an IWRB workshop: Brussels, Belgium, 13-15 June 1991","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IWRB Workshop","conferenceDate":"June 13-15, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau","publisherLocation":"Slimbridge, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., and Friend, M., 1992, Lead poisoning of avian species other than waterfowl, in Lead poisoning in waterfowl: proceedings of an IWRB workshop: Brussels, Belgium, 13-15 June 1991, Brussels, Belgium, June 13-15, 1991, p. 19-22.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec434e4b02419550debce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, Louis N.","contributorId":71233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003863,"text":"1003863 - 1992 - Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:22:01.6877","indexId":"1003863","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We evaluated the overall potency of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing extracts from double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritis) eggs with an in vitro bioassay system, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Results from the H4IIE bioassay were strongly correlated with the hatching success of eggs in the colonies, whereas conventional methods of PCB analysis correlated poorly with hatching success of eggs from the same colonies. These observations suggest that even though concentrations of total PCB residues have declined in almost all compartments of the environment, their effects are still being observed. The significance of this observation is that the adverse symptoms presently observed in certain Great Lakes fish-eating waterbird populations do not appear to be caused by some as yet unidentified industrial chemical or chemicals and seem not to be the result of pesticides, but rather to the dioxin-like activity of PCBs. Evidence is presented to suggest that the relative enrichment of the potency of PCBs in the environment may play a role in the persistence of the observed adverse symptoms.
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]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, J.P.","contributorId":50125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurita-Matsuba, H.","contributorId":83495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurita-Matsuba","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weseloh, D. V.","contributorId":57043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ross, P.S.","contributorId":85148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, C.A.","contributorId":8434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Larson, J.","contributorId":60981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":89105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70017059,"text":"70017059 - 1992 - Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:19:53.560303","indexId":"70017059","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength","title":"Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength","docAbstract":"Hydrothermal experiments were conducted to measure the effects of K availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength in chloride solutions on the rate and extent of the reaction of smectite to interstratified illite/smectite. The < 2 μm fraction of a bentonite was treated hydrothermally at temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450°C for run times of up to 30 days in the presence of 0.33, 0.66 and 1.00 equivalents of K per O10(OH)2. The effect of K-content on reaction progress is dramatic at low (0.33 eq.) K concentrations, but diminishes above a concentration of 0.66 equivalents. The effect of K-content is also more important at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Addition of K above that required to satisfy the cation exchange capacity of the smectite reduced the amount of chlorite byproduct and produced authigenic K-feldspar at the highest K-concentration.
Similar experiments were run using Na/K equivalent ratios of 0 to 25 and total solution molalities of 0 to 3.75 molal. Because these experiments were small fixed-volume experiments, it was necessary to vary two of the three key variables (K-content, Na/K ratio, ionic strength simultaneously. The data suggest, however, that K-content has a much stronger effect than either Na/K ratio or ionic strength on illitization reaction progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-1317(92)90032-I","usgsCitation":"Whitney, G., 1992, Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength: Applied Clay Science, v. 7, no. 1-3, p. 97-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(92)90032-I.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a5e4b0c8380cd4fcb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, Gene","contributorId":27049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007831,"text":"1007831 - 1992 - Record of a redhead, Aytha americana, laying eggs in a northern harrier, Circus cyaneus, nest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007831","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Record of a redhead, Aytha americana, laying eggs in a northern harrier, Circus cyaneus, nest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J., 1992, Record of a redhead, Aytha americana, laying eggs in a northern harrier, Circus cyaneus, nest: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 106, no. 2, p. 263-264.","productDescription":"p. 263-264","startPage":"263","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017240,"text":"70017240 - 1992 - Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:20:31.585098","indexId":"70017240","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii (18×11 km), is a basaltic shield volcano with caldera-filling lavas, seven identified postshield vents, and at least two occurrences of apparent rejuvenated-stage eruptive. We examined 42 samples that represent all stages of Kahoolawe volcano stratigraphy for their petrography, whole-rock major-and trace-element contents, mineral compositions, and K−Ar ages. The two oldest shield samples have an average age of 1.34±0.08 Ma, and four postshield samples (3 are alkalic) average 1.15±0.03 Ma; ages of 1.08 and 0.99 Ma for two additional tholeiitic samples probably are minimum ages. Whole-rock major- and trace-element and mineral compositions of Kahoolawe shield and caldera-fill laves are generally similar to the lavas forming Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiitic shields, but in detail, Kahoolawe shield lavas have distinctive compositions. An unusual aspect of many postshield Ka-hoolawe lavas is anomalously high REE and Y abundances (up to 200 ppm La and 175 ppm Y) and negative Ce anomalies. These enrichments reflect surficial processes, where weathering and soil development promoted REE-Y transport at the weathering front. Major element abundances (MgO, 10–6 wt.%) for shield and caldera-fill basalts are consistent with fractionation of ol+px+pl in frequently replenished magma reservoirs. In general, tholeiitic basalts erupted from late vents are higher in SiO2 than the shield lavas, and temporal differences in parental magma compositions are the likely explanation. Alkalic basalts that erupted from vents are comparable in composition to those at other Hawaiian volcanoes. Trace-element abundance ratios indicate that alkalic basalts represent either relatively lower degrees of melting of the shield source or a distinct source. Apparent rejuvenated-stage basalts (i.e., emplaced after substantial Kahoolawe erosion) are tholeiitic, unlike the rejuvenated-stages at other Hawaiian volcanoes (alkalic). Kahoolawe, like several other Hawaiian volcanoes, has intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic basalts in the postshield stage, but it is the only volcano that appears to have produced tholeiitic rejuvenated-stage lavas.
Inferring the frequency and magnitude of past earthquakes from the stratigraphy in exposures of normal-faulted sediments is difficult because colluvial lithofacies assemblages adjacent to faults are complex. Similarities in facies assemblages adjacent to young fault scarps in arid to semiarid areas, such as the Basin and Range province, allow lithofacies to be grouped into two genetic architectural elements: debris and wash elements. Upper and lower facies associations can commonly be recognized within each element. A lithofacies code scheme, similar to those used in the analysis of fluvial and glacial lithofacies sequences, provides a concise way of illustrating lithofacies relations in fault exposures. The source lithology of colluvial lithofacies is shown in the code, and soil-horizon symbols can be included. The architecture of lithofacies assemblages near fault scarps in semiarid areas is explained by a model of colluvial sedimentation in response to a single surface faulting event. Analysis of lithofacies assemblages exposed in three trenches across normal faults in the eastern Basin and Range shows how the model can be used to interpret fault histories. Similar facies analysis methods may be useful in interpreting colluvial sequences formed by non-tectonic processes.
San Francisco Bay has recently been invaded by the suspension-feeding clam Potamocorbula amurensis. Previous work has shown that phytoplankton biomass in the upper estuary is low (2-3 mg Chl a m-3) during seasonal periods of high river flow and short residence time and it is usually high (peak >30 mg Chl a m-3) during the summer-autumn seasons of low river flow and long residence time. However since P. amurensis became widespread and abundant in 1987, the summer phytoplankton biomass maximum has disappeared, presumably because of increased grazing pressure by this newly introduced species. For 1977-1990, mean estimated primary production was only 39 g C m-2 yr-1 during years when bivalve suspension feeders were abundant (>2000 m-2), compared to 106 g C m-2 yr-1 when bivalves were absent or present in low numbers. These observations support the hypothesis that seasonal and interannual fluctuations in estuarine phytoplankton biomass and primary production can be regulated jointly by direct physical effects (eg river-driven transport) and trophic interactions (episodes of enhanced grazing pressure by immigrant populations of benthic suspension feeders). -from Authors
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Alpine, A., and Cloern, J., 1992, Trophic interactions and direct physical effects control phytoplankton biomass and production in an estuary: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 37, no. 5, p. 946-955.","startPage":"946","endPage":"955","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_37/issue_5/0946.pdf"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb886e4b08c986b3278e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016167,"text":"70016167 - 1992 - Ground-water models cannot be validated","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:32:33","indexId":"70016167","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water models cannot be validated","docAbstract":"Ground-water models are embodiments of scientific hypotheses. As such, the models cannot be proven or validated, but only tested and invalidated. However, model testing and the evaluation of predictive errors lead to improved models and a better understanding of the problem at hand. In applying ground-water models to field problems, errors arise from conceptual deficiencies, numerical errors, and inadequate parameter estimation. Case histories of model applications to the Dakota Aquifer, South Dakota, to bedded salts in New Mexico, and to the upper Coachella Valley, California, illustrate that calibration produces a nonunique solution and that validation, per se, is a futile objective. Although models are definitely valuable tools for analyzing ground-water systems, their predictive accuracy is limited. The terms validation and verification are misleading and their use in ground-water science should be abandoned in favor of more meaningful model-assessment descriptors.
No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for the Red Lodge-Beartooth Mountains-Stillwater area","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elliot, J.E., Kirk, A.R., and Johnson, T., 1992, Field guide: Gold-copper-silver deposits of the New World District Northwest Geology, chap. of Guidebook for the Red Lodge-Beartooth Mountains-Stillwater area, p. 1-20.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60285e4b09da6799ac6e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Elliot, J. E.","contributorId":95029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, A. R.","contributorId":34911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.W.","contributorId":61169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014919,"text":"70014919 - 1992 - Methanogenic degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in aquifer-derived microcosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T07:11:28","indexId":"70014919","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1003,"text":"Biodegradation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methanogenic degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in aquifer-derived microcosms","docAbstract":"In this segment of a larger multidisciplinary study of the movement and fate of creosote derived compounds in a sand-and-gravel aquifer, we present evidence that the methanogenic degradation of the major biodegradable phenolic compounds and concomitant microbial growth in batch microcosms derived from contaminated aquifer material can be described using Monod kinetics. Substrate depletion and bacterial growth curves were fitted to the Monod equations using nonlinear regression analysis. The method of Marquardt was used for the determination of parameter values that best fit the experimental data by minimizing the residual sum of squares. The Monod kinetic constants (μ max , Ks, Y, and kd) that describe phenol, 2-, 3-, and 4-methylphenol degradation and concomitant microbial growth were determined under conditions that were substantially different from those previously reported for microcosms cultured from sewage sludge. The Ks values obtained in this study are approximately two orders of magnitude lower than values obtained for the anaerobic degradation of phenol in digesting sewage sludge, indicating that the aquifer microorganisms have developed enzyme systems that are adapted to low nutrient conditions. The values for kdare much less than μmax, and can be neglected in the microcosms. The extremely low Y values, approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower than for the sewage sludge derived cultures, and the very low numbers of microorganisms in the aquifer derived microcosms suggest that these organisms use some unique strategies to survive in the subsurface environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00114553","issn":"09239820","usgsCitation":"Godsy, E., Goerlitz, D., and Grbic-Galic, D., 1992, Methanogenic degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in aquifer-derived microcosms: Biodegradation, v. 2, no. 4, p. 211-221, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00114553.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114553"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5543e4b0c8380cd6d18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grbic-Galic, D.","contributorId":80824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grbic-Galic","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}