In the northwestern to central Nevada Basin and Range, there are correlations between velocity and specific geologic structures of the crust. Mapped range-bounding faults at the surface can be traced to appreciable (10 km) depths based on velocity variations and are consistent with subsurface projections of the faults based on seismic reflection images. The limiting depth of the faults, as indicated by the velocity variations, corresponds to the maximum depth of earthquakes along the seismic profile. Correlations between velocity and the surface geology show that in the upper crust the pre-Cenozoic rocks are underlain by high-velocity (6.0 km/s) rocks, whereas the Tertiary ranges are underlain by lower-velocity (4.0-5.7 km/s) rocks to depths as great as 10 km. Although the Tertiary rocks differ in composition from the Mesozoic rocks, the lower-velocity Tertiary rocks may also be attributed to rock masses which are broken (4.0-5.7 km/s), and the higher-velocity Mesozoic rocks (6.0 km/s) may be attributed to largely unbroken rock masses. The regional seismicity pattern is consistent with this interpretation, as earthquakes are largely confined within or near the base of the low-velocity rocks. These low-velocity, highly fractured rocks are laterally distributed in discrete zones, suggesting that extension is not uniformly distributed but occurs in discrete, highly extended zones. Beneath these highly extended zones, the lower-crustal layers show structural evidence of extension, and velocity measurements suggest that the lowermost crust has been magmatically underplated. The superposition of Tertiary volcanic rocks, highly fractured upper crust, and lower-crustal magmatic underplating suggests that the Tertiary volcanic rocks originated from lower-crustal magmas that migrated to the surface via the highly extended zones. The velocity structure of one of the highly extended zones and the Lahonton Basin resembles that of many continental rifts. The velocity structure beneath central Nevada, however, is much more like normal continental crust. On the basis of isotopic studies, it is concluded that the transition between highly extended crust and more normal crust occurs in the area inferred to be the edge of the North American craton.
Bottom boundary layer measurements of current velocity profiles and bed response under combined wave and current conditions were obtained at a water depth of 145 m on the shelf off central California during December 1988. High quality logarithmic current profiles, excellent time-series bottom photographs, and a large variation in the relative strengths of the wave-induced oscillatory currents and the quasi-steady low frequency currents provided a dataset that is ideal for examining the effects of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. During one period of 3 days that included a brief storm event, the wave-induced bottom currents (Ub 1 10) ranged from 2.3 to 22 cm s-1 and the steady currents (Ur) ranged from 1.8 to 28.1 cm s-1 at 0.18 m above the bottom; the ratio Ub U18 varied from below 0.2 to more than 7. Velocity profiles were highly logarithmic (R2 > 0.95) 60% of the time and 27 profiles collected at 2-h intervals had R2 {slanted equal to or greater-than} 0.994 which allowed reliable estimates of the current shear velocity (U*c) and roughness length (zoc). Mean U*c values had magnitudes of 0.3-2.4 cm s-1 and zoc, which ranged from 0.04 to 3.5 cm, was strongly correlated to the Ub U18 ratio. Drag coefficients (CD = ??c/??U1002) ranged from about 2.5 ?? 10-3-12 ?? 10-3 in direct response to the wave-current variation; the use of a constant CD of 3 ?? 10-3 for steady flow over a rough bed would have underpredicted the shear stress by up to four times during the storm event. The large zoc and U*c values cannot be explained by changes in the carefully-observed, small (<1 cm) physical bed roughness elements that covered the mud-rich study site. A side-scan sonar site survey also eliminated the possibility of flow disturbance by larger upstream topography. The observations clearly demonstrate the importance of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. Comparison of the observations with results of the combined flow models of Grant and Madsen and Glenn show the models provide good predictions of U*c and zoc when the waves are characterized by either H 1 3 or H 1 10.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(92)90058-R","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1992, Wave-current interaction in the bottom boundary layer during storm and non-storm conditions: Observations and model predictions: Continental Shelf Research, v. 12, no. 12, p. 1331-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(92)90058-R.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1352","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf99e4b08c986b32e9c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016916,"text":"70016916 - 1992 - Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:30:13.479422","indexId":"70016916","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow","docAbstract":"The lower Miocene Peach Springs Tuff exposed in the Newberry Mountains, California, was deposited within a paleovalley trending S65°W. Exposures within the paleovalley contain lithic breccia intercalated with ash-rich ignimbrite. The clast assemblage of the lithic breccias matches the rock types of the paleovalley walls, and therefore the clasts were not derived from a distant eruptive vent. Flow direction, breccia bed thickness, grain-size data, and sedimentary textures indicate that the lithic breccias were deposited from density currents within the pyroclastic flow that moved down tributaries and into the main paleovalley to be intermingled with the ash-rich pyroclastic flow. A model is proposed whereby a turbulent boundary layer at the base of the pyroclastic flow is induced by surface roughness of the substrate and incorporates loose material from the substrate to produce a high-density ground layer that decouples from the lower-density, ash-rich pyroclastic flow. After decoupling has occurred, the high-density, lithic-rich ground layer moves independently from the ash-rich pyroclastic flow. The lithic breccia horizons have many characteristics of proximal (lag) breccias, and caution must be used when inferring distance from vent in ancient ignimbrites based on the occurrence of coarse breccias.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1193:IAROLD>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D., 1992, Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1193-1207, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1193:IAROLD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1207","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ede4b0c8380cd61ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":73633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016809,"text":"70016809 - 1992 - Subsidence of Surtsey volcano, 1967-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016809","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence of Surtsey volcano, 1967-1991","docAbstract":"The Surtsey marine volcano was built on the southern insular shelf of Iceland, along the seaward extension of the east volcanic zone, during episodic explosive and effusive activity from 1963 to 1967. A 1600-m-long, east-west line of 42 bench marks was established across the island shortly after volcanic activity stopped. From 1967 to 1991 a series of leveling surveys measured the relative elevation of the original bench marks, as well as additional bench marks installed in 1979, 1982 and 1985. Concurrent measurements were made of water levels in a pit dug on the north coast, in a drill hole, and along the coastline exposed to the open ocean. These surveys indicate that the dominant vertical movement of Surtsey is a general subsidence of about 1.1??0.3 m during the 24-year period of observations. The rate of subsidence decreased from 15-20 cm/year for 1967-1968 to 1-2 cm/year in 1991. Greatest subsidence is centered about the eastern vent area. Through 1970, subsidence was locally greatest where the lava plain is thinnest, adjacent to the flanks of the eastern tephra cone. From 1982 onward, the region closest to the hydrothermal zone, which is best developed in the vicinity of the eastern vent, began showing less subsidence relative to the rest of the surveyed bench marks. The general subsidence of the island probably results from compaction of the volcanic material comprising Surtsey, compaction of the sea-floor sediments underlying the island, and possibly downwarping of the lithosphere due to the laod of Surtsey. The more localized early downwarping near the eastern tephra cone is apparently due to greater compaction of tephra relative to lava. The later diminished local subsidence near the hydrothermal zone is probably due to a minor volume increase caused by hydrous alteration of glassy tephra. However, this volume increase is concentrated at depth beneath the bottom of the 176-m-deep cased drillhole. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301116","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Jakobsson, S., and Holmjarn, J., 1992, Subsidence of Surtsey volcano, 1967-1991: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 17-24, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301116.","startPage":"17","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479594,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232407","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301116"},{"id":224703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d4ee4b08c986b31d781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jakobsson, S.","contributorId":103803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmjarn, J.","contributorId":90887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmjarn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016578,"text":"70016578 - 1992 - Computer simulation of dry layered granular flow down an incline composed of grains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016578","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Computer simulation of dry layered granular flow down an incline composed of grains","docAbstract":"Experiments show that gravity-driven dry granular flows are essentially layered for smooth spheres. This paper describes layer-to-layer interaction in the flow. Assuming two-dimensional flow and neglecting the interaction of grains within the same layer, one may idealize the problem as an elastic sphere under external forces moving down an incline within a layer of identical spheres placed equally apart. The moving sphere is thus subjected to the total gravitational force which includes the weight of a specified number of layers of spheres above it and its own weight. With such a mechanical approach, estimates can be made for the magnitudes of collisional and non-collisional stresses.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Engineering Mechanics","conferenceDate":"24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992","conferenceLocation":"College Station, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628671","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., and Jan, C., 1992, Computer simulation of dry layered granular flow down an incline composed of grains, in Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics, College Station, TX, USA, 24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992, p. 760-763.","startPage":"760","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f968e4b0c8380cd4d5ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jan, Chyan-Deng","contributorId":60384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jan","given":"Chyan-Deng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016553,"text":"70016553 - 1992 - Bias in the analysis of geological materials for gold using current methods, by G.E.M. Hall et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:36:54.835575","indexId":"70016553","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bias in the analysis of geological materials for gold using current methods, by G.E.M. Hall et al.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(89)90098-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J.B., and O’Leary, R.M., 1992, Bias in the analysis of geological materials for gold using current methods, by G.E.M. Hall et al.: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 42, no. 2-3, p. 387-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(89)90098-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d5e4b0c8380cd4a93e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016551,"text":"70016551 - 1992 - Use of a regional atmospheric model to simulate lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with Pleistocene Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016551","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a regional atmospheric model to simulate lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with Pleistocene Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville","docAbstract":"A regional model of the atmosphere (version 4 of the NCAR mesoscale model, MM4) was used to assess whether lake-effect precipitation was a significant component of the late-Pleistocene hydrologic budgets of Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville. Control simulations for January and July of 1979 were made using MM4, and the Pleistocene highstand surface areas of the lakes were added to the model and the simulations repeated. In the January simulations, 18% of the moisture added to the modeled atmosphere by Lake Lahontan returned to the Lahontan basin as precipitation, while 32% of the water evaporated from Lake Bonneville fell as precipitation over the Bonneville basin. In the July simulations, 7% of the moisture added to the modeled atmosphere by Lake Lahontan returned to the Lahontan basin as precipitation, and 4% of the water evaporated from Lake Bonneville fell as precipitation over the Bonneville basin. An additonal January simulation was made with the lake surface areas set at onehalf their highstand extents (the average surface area 20 to 15 ka BP). Results from this simulation were similar to the simulation with the highstand lakes, indicating lake-effect precipitation could have been a significant component of the hyrologic budgets of the lakes before and during the highstand period. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00204820","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1992, Use of a regional atmospheric model to simulate lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with Pleistocene Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville: Climate Dynamics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 39-44, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204820.","startPage":"39","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204820"},{"id":222858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe9ce4b08c986b3296ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016922,"text":"70016922 - 1992 - Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016922","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models","docAbstract":"Three methods of solving nonlinear least-squares problems were compared for robustness and efficiency using a series of hypothetical and field problems. A modified Gauss-Newton/full Newton hybrid method (MGN/FN) and an analogous method for which part of the Hessian matrix was replaced by a quasi-Newton approximation (MGN/QN) solved some of the problems with appreciably fewer iterations than required using only a modified Gauss-Newton (MGN) method. In these problems, model nonlinearity and a large variance for the observed data apparently caused MGN to converge more slowly than MGN/FN or MGN/QN after the sum of squared errors had almost stabilized. Other problems were solved as efficiently with MGN as with MGN/FN or MGN/QN. Because MGN/FN can require significantly more computer time per iteration and more computer storage for transient problems, it is less attractive for a general purpose algorithm than MGN/QN.","largerWorkTitle":"Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"1 June 1992 through 1 June 1992","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Computational Mechanics Publ","publisherLocation":"Southampton, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R., and Hill, M.C., 1992, Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models, in Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, v. 1, Denver, CO, USA, 1 June 1992 through 1 June 1992, p. 379-386.","startPage":"379","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b3e4b0c8380cd4d238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016567,"text":"70016567 - 1992 - Paleomagnetic data bearing on the origin of arcuate structures in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain area of southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:56:53.251112","indexId":"70016567","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic data bearing on the origin of arcuate structures in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain area of southern Nevada","docAbstract":"The eastern margin of the Yucca Flat basin, in southern Nevada, is bounded by north-northwest-striking tilted fault blocks of the Halfpint Range whose strikes curve as much as 90° clockwise into east-northeast strikes in the French Peak-Massachusetts Mountain (FPMM) area. This pattern of arcuate structures has been attributed to clockwise drag along a postulated northwest-trending, right-lateral shear zone. The flexure model implies that rocks within the FPMM area were rotated strongly clockwise about a vertical axis. Directions of remanent magnetization of the middle Miocene Ammonia Tanks and Rainier Mesa Members of the Timber Mountain Tuff and of the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff indicate no systematic vertical-axis rotation in the FPMM area and disprove the flexure model. After tilt correction, declinations of 29 site means obtained from the three ash-flow sheets in the FPMM area are not systematically different than declinations of 17 site means from the Halfpint Range or declinations of 16 site means from little-deformed mesa areas to the west. The paleomagnetic data thus indicate that structures in the FPMM area initiated with arcuate trends and were not originally straight elements that were rotated by right-lateral drag. The structures probably formed under the influence of spatially variable stress fields. The FPMM area lies in an accommodation zone between domains of oppositely tilted extensional fault blocks. Interaction between stress fields associated with propagating normal-fault zones may have been responsible for the arcuate structures in the FPMM area.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00031a020","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Harvey, R., 1992, Laboratory investigations on the role of sediment surface and ground water chemistry in transport of bacteria through a contaminated Sandy Aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1410-1417, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1410","endPage":"1417","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a410de4b0c8380cd65275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016863,"text":"70016863 - 1992 - General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:27:11.909057","indexId":"70016863","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America","docAbstract":"Temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation is a dominant factor in regional temporal climate variations. In the midlatitudes, temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation has been found to be related to temporal variations in regional air temperature and precipitation. General circulation model (GCM) simulations of long-term changes in synoptic-scale circulation may be useful in assessing the effects of climate change on regional air temperature and precipitation.
Atmospheric pressure is an important component of synoptic-scale circulation. In this paper, observed sea-level pressures were used to evaluate winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America simulated by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation models. The objective of the study is to determine how similar the spatial and temporal distributions of GCM-simulated daily sea-level pressures over North America are to observed distributions.
Overall, both models are better at reproducing observed within-season variance of winter and summer sea-level pressures than they are at simulating the magnitude of mean winter and summer sea-level pressures. Results indicate that winter sea-level pressures are better simulated by the GISS model than by the GFDL model. The GFDL model simulates anomalously high winter sea-level pressures over north-eastern North America. In summer, the GISS model underestimates sea-level pressures, whereas the GFDL model overestimates sea-level pressures over most of North America. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicate that much of the error in model simulations can be attributed to differences between simulated and observed means. Comparisons of spatial correlation matrices of observed and simulated sea-level pressures indicate that GCMs simulate spatial variability of sea-level pressures that is similar to observed. These results suggest that GCMs are able to simulate major components of synoptic-scale circulation over North America, especially for winter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3370120805","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Legates, D., 1992, General circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America: International Journal of Climatology, v. 12, no. 8, p. 815-827, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370120805.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1500e4b0c8380cd54c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. 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Manning's n roughness coefficients were greater on earth cover plots planted to crested wheatgrass (n = 0.076) than on those planted to streambank wheatgrass (n = 0.030). Mound and intermound microtopography strongly influenced overland flow geometry on the bare native hillslope plots resulting in low apparent roughness values (n = 0.013). 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","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/plankt/14.7.1017","issn":"01427873","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Alpine, A., Cole, B., and Heller, T., 1992, Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1017-1024, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/14.7.1017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1024","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8887e4b08c986b316a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, T.","contributorId":83280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016965,"text":"70016965 - 1992 - Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T15:57:18.798278","indexId":"70016965","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"The seven volcanoes comprising the island of Hawaii and its submarine base are, in order of growth, Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Loihi. The first four have completed their shield-building stage, and the timing of this event can be determined from the depth of the slope break associated with the end of shield building, calibrated using the ages and depths of a series of dated submerged coral reefs off northwest Hawaii. On each volcano, the transition from eruption of tholeiitic to alkalic lava occurs near the end of shield building. The rate of southeastern progression of the end of shield building in the interval from Haleakala to Hualalai is about 13 cm/yr. Based on this rate and an average spacing of volcanoes on each loci line of 40-60km, the volcanoes required about 600 thousand years to grow from the ocean floor to the time of the end of shield building. They arrive at the ocean surface about midway through this period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1471:VGAEOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 11, p. 1471-1484, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1471:VGAEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1484","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 18.79191774423444\n ],\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 18.79191774423444\n ],\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 20.427012814257385\n ],\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 20.427012814257385\n ],\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 18.79191774423444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc32be4b08c986b32afcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85771,"text":"85771 - 1992 - The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85771","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. 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