{"pageNumber":"4248","pageRowStart":"106175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70017270,"text":"70017270 - 1992 - Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:16:50.666082","indexId":"70017270","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Brine seepage into the Dolores River from ground water in Paradox Valley, Colorado constitutes a major source of salt to the Colorado River. Plants are enderway to remove this source of salt by drawing down the Paradox Valley brine (PVB) and forcibly injecting it into a deep disposal well (4.8 km). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of deep-well injection of PVB. The results show that PVB is near saturation with anhydrite at 25°C, and that heating results in anhydrite precipitation. The amount and the rate at which anhydrite forms is temperature, pressure, and substrate dependent. Paradox Valley brine heated in the presence of Precambrian rocks from the drill core produces the same amount of anhydrite as PVB heated alone, but at a greatly accelerated rate. A 30% dilution of PVB with Dolores River water completely eliminates anhydrite precipitation when the fluid is heated with the Precambrian rocks. Interaction of PVB and Leadville Limestone is characterized by dolomitization of calcite by brine Mg which releases Ca to solution. This added Ca reacts with SO4 to form increased amounts of anhydrite. A 20% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water has no effect on dolomitization and reduces the amount of anhydrite only slightly. A 65% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water still does not prevent dolomitization but does suppress anhydrite formation. Computer modeling of PVB by programs utilizing the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters is in general agreement with the experimental results. Ion-activity products calculated by both SOLMINEQ and PHRQPITZ are close to equilibrium with both anhydrite and dolomite whenever these phases are present experimentally, although the calculations over-estimate by a factor of 2 the degree of saturation. Some discrepancies in the calculated results between the two programs are due largely to differences in mineral solubility data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Kharaka, Y., 1992, Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3, p. 273-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -106.973876953125,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -106.973876953125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 37.50972584293751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1624e4b0c8380cd5506c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"

The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF4 and FeF3 during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.

Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO2 composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF3, MgF2, and CaF2, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017205,"text":"70017205 - 1992 - Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T16:05:04","indexId":"70017205","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain","docAbstract":"

The hydrologic and solute budgets of a lake can be strongly influenced by transient groundwater flow. Several shallow interdunal lakes in southwest Spain are in close hydraulic connection with the shallow ground water. Two permanent lakes and one intermittent lake have chloride concentrations that differ by almost an order of magnitude. A two-dimensional solute-transport model, modified to simulate transient groundwater-lake interaction, suggests that the rising water table during the wet season leads to local flow reversals toward the lakes. Response of the individual lakes, however, varies depending on the lake's position in the regional flow system. The most dilute lake is a flow-through lake during the entire year; the through flow is driven by regional groundwater flow. The other permanent lake, which has a higher solute concentration, undergoes seasonal groundwater flow reversals at its downgradient end, resulting in complex seepage patterns and higher solute concentrations in the ground water near the lake. The solute concentration of the intermittent lake is influenced more strongly by the seasonal wetting and drying cycle than by the regional flow system. Although evaporation is the major process affecting the concentration of conservative solutes in the lakes, geochemical and biochemical reactions influence the concentration of nonconservative solutes. Probable reactions in the lakes include biological uptake of solutes and calcite precipitation; probable reactions as lake water seeps into the aquifer are sulfate reduction and calcite dissolution. Seepage reversals can result in water composition that appears inconsistent with predictions based on head measurements because, under transient flow conditions, the flow direction at any instant may not satisfactorily depict the source of the water. Understanding the dynamic nature of groundwater-lake interaction aids in the interpretation of hydrologic and chemical relations between the lakes and the ground water.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90008-J","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., Herman, J.S., Konikow, L.F., and Vela, A.L., 1992, Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain: Journal of Hydrology, v. 136, no. 1-4, p. 123-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90008-J.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889ae4b08c986b316a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vela, Antonio L.","contributorId":78884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vela","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017204,"text":"70017204 - 1992 - Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:20:31.530915","indexId":"70017204","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone","docAbstract":"

The Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy, contains an igneous complex up to 10 km thick that is thought to have been intruded near the interface between the continental crust and mantle during the late Paleozoic. New data indicate that this complex is pervasively deformed and concentrically foliated. Widespread deformation under hypersolidus conditions is indicated by growth of undeformed poikilitic phases across the foliation and segregation of late-stage melts into high-temperature faults and pressure shadows of boudins. The presence of analogous features in ophiolitic gabbros suggests that emplacement of the Ivrea- Verbano zone plutonic rocks involved large-scale flow of crystal mush in a dynamic, and possibly extensional, tectonic environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0613:SDITUI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Quick, J.E., Sinigoi, S., Negrini, L., Demarchi, G., and Mayer, A., 1992, Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone: Geology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 613-616, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0613:SDITUI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba344e4b08c986b31fc38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinigoi, S.","contributorId":77245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinigoi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Negrini, L.","contributorId":96019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demarchi, G.","contributorId":66428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarchi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, A.","contributorId":96780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017203,"text":"70017203 - 1992 - Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:22:45.632022","indexId":"70017203","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations","docAbstract":"

Experimental studies, using cold-seal and extraction vessel techniques, were conducted on Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cu sulfide solubilities in chloride solutions at temperatures from 300 degrees to 700 degrees C and pressures from 0.5 to 2 kbars. The solutions were buffered in pH by a quartz monzonite and the pure potassium feldspar-muscovite-quartz assemblage and in f (sub S 2 ) - f (sub O 2 ) largely by the assemblage pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite. Solubilities increase with increasing temperature and total chloride, and decrease with increasing pressure. The rise in solubility is particularly steep between 300 degrees and 500 degrees C and between 1,000 and 500 bars. With increasing temperature at any given pressure, or with decreasing pressure at any given temperature, metal solubility eventually passes through a maximum due to increasing competition for chloride by the alkali, hydrogen, and base metal ions and because intersection with a two-fluid region eventually occurs. In that portion of the two-fluid region encountered in the study, metal solubilities in the brine were very high, but solubilities in the gas phase also were significant. In a system controlled by the potassium feldspar-muscovite-quartz buffer, 1-m total Cl (super -) , and the assemblage pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite-sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite, solubilities in ppm at 1 kbar and 300 degrees , 400 degrees , and 500 degrees C were 237, 1,216, and 5,636, for Fe; 51, 613, and 3,105 for Pb; 36, 423, and 2,649 for Zn; and 11, 40, and 113 for Cu, respectively. At 400 degrees C, 0.5 and 2 kbars, the values were 2,627 and 500 for Fe; 1,262 and 194 for Pb; 983 and 120 for Zn; and 60 and 29 for Cu, respectively. All of the above were in the single-fluid region. Single-metal solubilities also were investigated to assess the influence of iron on the solubility of the other metals and to corroborate preliminary dissociation constants for the metal chloride complexes involved. The effect of increasing chloride concentration on solubility reflects primarily a shift to lower pH via the silicate buffer reactions. The effect of decreasing pressure reflects primarily the relative change in the dissociation constants of the chloride complexes involved. Increasing sulfur fugacity lowers solubility, but in systems controlled at relatively low values by an f (sub S 2 ) buffer or wall-rock sulfidation reactions, solutions of high metal content relative to reduced sulfur will tend to develop at high chloride concentrations. Similarity in behavior with respect to the temperature and pressure of Fe, Zn, and Pb sulfide solubilities points to similarity in chloride speciation, and the neutral species appear to be dominant in the high-temperature region. At 500 degrees C and 1 kbar, the log K D values for FeCl degrees 2 , PbCl degrees 2 , ZnCl degrees 2 , and CuCl degrees are, respectively, -8.76, -9.14, -10.86, and -6.22.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.1","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hemley, J., Cygan, G., Fein, J., Robinson, and d’Angelo, W.M., 1992, Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37a4e4b0c8380cd6103b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cygan, G.L.","contributorId":56379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fein, J.B.","contributorId":97257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fein","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017199,"text":"70017199 - 1992 - Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:04:19","indexId":"70017199","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents","docAbstract":"Unusually high abundances of sponges and gorgonian corals, covering as much as 25% of the bottom, occur at depths greater than 3.5 km on the Blake Spur, a rocky cliff-dominated feature on the western Atlantic continental margin. This is the first report of such high abundances of megafauna from a non-hydrothermal or otherwise chemosynthetically enriched site in abyssal depths. Animal densities at other steep rocky sites at similar depths are usually lower by more than an order of magnitude. The deep slope of the Blake Spur is exposed to the vigorous Western Boundary Undercurrent, with local flow speeds that may exceed 100 cm s-1. Currents can control this anomalous animal abundance by removing sediments and by enhancing fluxes, rather than concentrations, of food particles to the dominant suspension feeders. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F","issn":"01980149","usgsCitation":"Genin, A., Paull, C.K., and Dillon, W.P., 1992, Anomalous abundances of deep-sea fauna on a rocky bottom exposed to strong currents: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 39, no. 2, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269286,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90110-F"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec45e4b0c8380cd49169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Genin, A.","contributorId":67664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017198,"text":"70017198 - 1992 - Quantitative assessment of mineral resources with an application to petroleum geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017198","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative assessment of mineral resources with an application to petroleum geology","docAbstract":"The probability of occurrence of natural resources, such as petroleum deposits, can be assessed by a combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical techniques. The area of study is partitioned into regions that are as homogeneous as possible internally while simultaneously as distinct as possible. Fisher's discriminant criterion is used to select geological variables that best distinguish productive from nonproductive localities, based on a sample of previously drilled exploratory wells. On the basis of these geological variables, each wildcat well is assigned to the production class (dry or producer in the two-class case) for which the Mahalanobis' distance from the observation to the class centroid is a minimum. Universal kriging is used to interpolate values of the Mahalanobis' distances to all locations not yet drilled. The probability that an undrilled locality belongs to the productive class can be found, using the kriging estimation variances to assess the probability of misclassification. Finally, Bayes' relationship can be used to determine the probability that an undrilled location will be a discovery, regardless of the production class in which it is placed. The method is illustrated with a study of oil prospects in the Lansing/Kansas City interval of western Kansas, using geological variables derived from well logs. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782114","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Harff, J., Davis, J., and Olea, R., 1992, Quantitative assessment of mineral resources with an application to petroleum geology: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 1, p. 74-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782114.","startPage":"74","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782114"},{"id":224782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9207e4b0c8380cd805ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harff, Jan","contributorId":63957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harff","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017195,"text":"70017195 - 1992 - Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017195","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations (0.6-0.9 mg/l) of selenium were detected in the groundwater of a small backfill area at a surface mine in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. This report focuses on the source of selenium, its modes of occurrence in overburden deposits and backfill groundwater, and its fate. The immediate source of the selenium appeared to be the dissolution of preexisting soluble salts from the unsaturated zone of the overburden. The ultimate source of selenium was probably the oxidation of selenium-bearing pyrite in the geologic past. Overburden was placed partially in the saturated zone of the backfill where, upon resaturation, soluble salts dissolved in the groundwater. Water standing in the pit at the time of backfilling might have contributed to the elevated concentrations of selenium and other solutes. Selenium was found in an ash-rich coal and in clastic sediments in seven different modes of occurrence. The concentration of soluble selenium in the groundwater at this site has been decreasing since monitoring began in late 1982, and at the present rate of decrease, the concentration should drop below the State of Wyoming guideline of 0.05 mg/l for selenium in water intended for use by livestock by about mid-1992. The decrease in soluble selenium concentration may in part be due to microbially assisted reduction of selenate followed by sorption on clays and other sorbents. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704083","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Dreher, G., and Finkelman, R.B., 1992, Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 19, no. 3, p. 155-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704083.","startPage":"155","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704083"},{"id":224730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cfce4b08c986b3181fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreher, G.B.","contributorId":55578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017193,"text":"70017193 - 1992 - Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:05:18.036391","indexId":"70017193","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies","docAbstract":"

At temperatures prevailing near the Earth's surface, metastable co-existence of chemical substances is common because chemical reactions that would directly lead to the attainment of thermody-namically most stable equilibria are often blocked by high activation energy barriers. The persistency of a metastable assemblage is then governed by alternative reaction paths that provide lower activation energy barriers. Comparison of observed mineral assemblages in the supergene oxidized and enriched sulfide ores with corresponding stability Eh-pH diagrams reveals that the supergene assemblages are mostly metastable due primarily to the persistency of sulfide minerals beyond stability boundaries.

A new set of diagrams called persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams has been constructed for binary metal sulfides on the basis of electrochemical and other experimental data. Each diagram delineates the persistency field, which is a combined field of thermodynamic stability and reaction path-controlled metastability, for a specific sulfide mineral. When applied to the supergene assemblages, these new diagrams show much better correspondence to the field observations. Although there may still be room for further refinement, the new diagrams appear to provide a strong visual aid to the understanding of the behavior of sulfide minerals in the supergene conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90294-S","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sato, M., 1992, Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 8, p. 3133-3156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90294-S.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"3133","endPage":"3156","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f3e4b0c8380cd783ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, M.","contributorId":50201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017190,"text":"70017190 - 1992 - Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:44:47.719091","indexId":"70017190","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water","docAbstract":"

Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas in the uranium-238 decay series that has traditionally been called, simply, radon. The lung cancer risks associated with the inhalation of radon decay products have been well documented by epidemiological studies on populations of uranium miners.

The realization that radon is a public health hazard has raised the need for sampling and analytical guidelines for field personnel. Several sampling and analytical methods are being used to document radon concentrations in ground water and surface water worldwide but no convenient, single set of guidelines is available. Three different sampling and analytical methods-bubbler, liquid scintillation, and field screening-are discussed in this paper. The bubbler and liquid scintillation methods have high accuracy and precision, and small analytical method detection limits of 0.2 and 10 pCi/l (picocuries per liter), respectively. The field screening method generally is used as a qualitative reconnaissance tool.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00396521","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., and Gesell, T., 1992, Sampling and analysis for radon-222 dissolved in ground water and surface water: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396521.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab06be4b0c8380cd87ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesell, T.F.","contributorId":22097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017273,"text":"70017273 - 1992 - Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:06:23.045111","indexId":"70017273","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","docAbstract":"

Modern snowpack from central south Greenland was sampled in sub-seasonal increments and analysed for a suite of major, minor and trace rock-forming metals (K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba). There is a sharp seasonal concentration maximum for all six metals that comes in summer, later than mid-June. Metal concentrations in all other parts of the year's snowpack are up to 10 or more times smaller. The concentration maximum is preceded by low values in autumn-winter, very low values in early-mid-spring, and moderate-to-high values in late spring-early summer; this pattern is seen consistently in three-separate time stratigraphic intervals representing the same seasonal periods, spanning the time interval 1981–1984. The absolute concentration values of the snow strata representing the low-concentration portion of the year, autumn-winter-spring, may vary substantially from year to year, by a factor of two, or more.

The finding that all rock-forming metals are at a sharp concentration maximum in late summer contrasts with the interpretations of several other studies in high-latitude northern regions. Those studies have reported a broad maximum of continental dust-associated metals in late winter and spring. However, samples of the other studies have mostly come from regions farther to the north, and the analyses have emphasized industrial pollutant metals rather than the matched rock-forming suite of the present study.

The metals measured were chosen to give information about the origin and identity of the rock and soil dusts, and sea salts, present as impurities in the snow. Metal ratios indicate that the dusts in the snowpacks are of continental origin and from ferromagnesian rocks. Source rock types for dusts in central south Greenland snow contrast with the felsic rock dusts of the Sierra Nevada, CA, annual snowpacks, and with the very felsic rock dusts in large south central Alaskan mountain glaciers. Samples in which masses of sea salt are much larger than those of rock dusts may be identified by small changes in metal ratios caused by moderate increases of K and Ca from marine sources, nearly unaccompanied by the minor and trace metals Rb, Cs and Ba, that are very rare in the oceans.

A sampling frequency, such as that of the present study, that divides a year's accumulation into 8–10 subsamples is sufficient to reveal details of the time pattern of variation in proportions and concentrations of metals that give information about atmospheric deposition of important types of earth materials.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., 1992, Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 26 A, no. 13, p. 2283-2293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2283","endPage":"2293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26 A","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc171e4b08c986b32a58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017189,"text":"70017189 - 1992 - Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017189","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart","docAbstract":"This paper describes a numerical study of an elastic sphere moving down an incline with a string of identical spheres placed equally apart. Two momentum equations and a moment equation formulated for the moving sphere are solved numerically for the instantaneous velocity of the moving sphere on an incline with different angles of inclination. Input parameters for numerical simulation include the properties of the sphere (the radius, density, Poison's ratio, and Young's Modulus of elasticity), the coefficient of friction between the spheres, and a damping coefficient of the spheres during collision.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Engineering Mechanics","conferenceDate":"24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992","conferenceLocation":"College Station, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628671","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., Jan, C., Chen, C., and Shen, H.W., 1992, Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart, in Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics, College Station, TX, USA, 24 May 1992 through 27 May 1992, p. 764-767.","startPage":"764","endPage":"767","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6909e4b0c8380cd73b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jan, Chyan-Deng","contributorId":60384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jan","given":"Chyan-Deng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shen, Hsieh Wen","contributorId":41149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Hsieh","email":"","middleInitial":"Wen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186687,"text":"70186687 - 1992 - Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T19:59:46","indexId":"70186687","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"1992 min­eral frontiers on Indian lands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Horton, R.J., Karl, S.M., Griscom, A., Taylor, C., Bond, K.R., and Senterfit, R.M., 1992, Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska, 10 p. .","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Annette Island ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.59011840820312,\n 55.28615444946355\n ],\n [\n -131.73294067382812,\n 55.03038345469999\n ],\n [\n -131.61895751953125,\n 54.97130816096891\n ],\n [\n -131.5283203125,\n 55.01700067857539\n ],\n [\n -131.39236450195312,\n 54.99731200770691\n ],\n [\n -131.32232666015625,\n 55.04454858327969\n ],\n [\n -131.31820678710938,\n 55.19454801114891\n ],\n [\n -131.55029296875,\n 55.29084652771471\n ],\n [\n -131.56951904296875,\n 55.29553805130106\n ],\n [\n -131.59011840820312,\n 55.28615444946355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d641c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, C. D. 0000-0001-6376-6298","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":100401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bond, K. R.","contributorId":8112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senterfit, R. Michael","contributorId":10791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senterfit","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017275,"text":"70017275 - 1992 - Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017275","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","docAbstract":"The calculation of volumes of fallout tephra layers is difficult because of the nonlinear dependence of thickness on area and because of the extrapolations required at the vent and in distal regions. Calculation using the trapezoidal rule, straight lines on log-log plots of area versus thickness, straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2, and the crystal-concentration method are reviewed and the problems with each method discussed. The method using straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2 is the most geologically reasonable because most deposits thin exponentially from source and therefore plot as straight lines using these coordinates. Errors and uncertainties in previous derivations for using this method are discussed and more general formulas presented. The method is also used to gain perspective on the \"missing\" distal volumes calculated by the crystal-concentration method compared to those calculated based only on isopach data. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278005","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Nathenson, M., 1992, Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005"},{"id":224587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4fe4b0c8380cd491b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017276,"text":"70017276 - 1992 - Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017276","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","docAbstract":"Several major monoclines that trend northward through the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area of central Utah are paired and face one another. This pairing of monoclines may have occurred when near-horizontal sedimentary and volcanic strata subsided into voids created as salt was removed from a salt diapir concealed beneath valley fill. Removal was mostly by dissolution or extrusion during Neogene time. The paired monoclines, thus, are viewed as collapse features rather than as normal synclinal folds. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1992, Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 29, no. 1, p. 5-17.","startPage":"5","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a739de4b0c8380cd77148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, I. J.","contributorId":54221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"I.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017180,"text":"70017180 - 1992 - Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:28:55","indexId":"70017180","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems","docAbstract":"
Two diverse fluvial systems show that with time, channels adjust such that the rate of energy dissipation is minimized. One fluvial system, characterized by high relief and coarse-grained sediment, was subjected to an explosive volcanic eruption; the other system, characterized by low relief and fine-grained sediment, was subjected to dredging and straightening. Study of the expenditure of kinetic- and potential-energy components of total-mechanical energy provide an energy-based rationale of the interdependency between processes and forms during channel evolution. Spatial and temporal trends of aggradation and degradation are similar although relative amounts of aggradation in the high-energy system are greatly enhanced by the deposition of large amounts of eroded bank material from upstream reaches. Degradation accompanied by widening is the most efficient means of energy dissipation because all components of total-mechanical energy decrease with time. Widening dominates energy dissipation in the coarse-grained system to offset increases in hydraulic depth caused by incision. In the low-energy fine-grained system, channel adjustment and energy dissipation are dominated by vertical processes because of low relative values of kinetic energy, and because eroded bank sediment is transported out of the drainage basin and does not aid in downstream aggradation, energy dissipation, or channel recovery.
\n
Specific energy is shown to decrease nonlinearly with time during channel evolution and provides a measure of reductions in available energy at the channel bed. Data from two sites show convergence towards a minimum specific energy with time. Time-dependent reductions in specific energy at a point act in concert with minimization of the rate of energy dissipation over a reach during channel evolution as the fluvial systems adjust to a new equilibrium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(92)90013-E","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Simon, A., 1992, Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems: Geomorphology, v. 5, no. 3-5, p. 345-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)90013-E.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"372","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0951e4b0c8380cd51e81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017179,"text":"70017179 - 1992 - Gravel-bed deposition and erosion by bedform migration observed ultrasonically during storm flow, North Fork Toutle River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T14:54:16","indexId":"70017179","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravel-bed deposition and erosion by bedform migration observed ultrasonically during storm flow, North Fork Toutle River, Washington","docAbstract":"
Ultrasonic depth sounding provides useful and unexpected information about peak discharge and sediment transport when applied during storm flow in channels with erodible beds. Streambed elevation was measured with dual ultrasonic depth sounders during the rise, crest, and recession of a storm flow in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, on 3 December 1987. The sounder transducers were held in the flow on a rigid pipe which was suspended from a boom over the channel thalweg. The 12 h episode of depth sounding detected the superposition of fine-gravel dunes on large bed waves, the depth-limited growth of mean dune heights from 13 to 25 cm, and bedform-related deposition and erosion in the channel thalweg. The streambed elevation rose 0.3 m in 2 h with increasing stream discharge. Dune heights diminished for about an hour before the peak river stage was attained. Scour of the streambed continued through the peak stage and recession, with 0.7 m of scour over 10 h. Rapid scour of the streambed produced a falling stage while discharge was still rising. Dune heights grew as flow depth increased after peak stage. Streambed elevation was lowered as large bed waves of fine gravel migrated along the thalweg with successively lower troughs leading each bed wave.
\n
Bed elevation records from the dual depth sounders were used to calculate dune celerities of 3–6 cm s−1 and bedform wavelengths of 2–11 m. The large bed waves were subtle, dune-like gravel bedforms with wavelengths of 25–30 m. The celerities and bedform dimensions yielded bedform transport weight rates between 3 and 20 kg s−1 m−1 and grain shear stresses between 40 and 100 N m−2 for the depth-sounding episode.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90004-F","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R., 1992, Gravel-bed deposition and erosion by bedform migration observed ultrasonically during storm flow, North Fork Toutle River, Washington: Journal of Hydrology, v. 136, no. 1-4, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90004-F.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29efe4b0c8380cd5ad78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, R.L.","contributorId":54610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017285,"text":"70017285 - 1992 - Moment tensors of ten witwatersrand mine tremors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017285","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment tensors of ten witwatersrand mine tremors","docAbstract":"Ground motions, recorded both underground and on the surface in two of the South African Gold mining districts, were inverted to determine complete moment tensors for 10 mining-induced tremors in the magnitude range 1.9 to 3.3. The resulting moment tensors fall into two separate categories. Seven of the events involve substantial coseismic volumetric reduction-??V together with normal faulting entailing shear deformation ??AD, where the summation is over fault planes of area A and average slip D. For these events the ratio-??V/??AD ranges from 0.58 to 0.92, with an average value of 0.71. For the remaining three events ??V is not significantly different from zero; these events are largely double-couple sources involving normal faulting. Surprisingly, the two types of source mechanism appear to be very distinct in that there is not a continuous distribution of the source mix from ??V=0 to-??V?????AD. Presumably, the coseismic closure indicates substantial interaction between a mine stope and adjacent shear failure in the surrounding rock, under the influence of an ambient stress for which the maximum principal stress is oriented vertically. ?? 1992 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879963","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1992, Moment tensors of ten witwatersrand mine tremors: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 139, no. 3-4, p. 781-800, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879963.","startPage":"781","endPage":"800","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879963"},{"id":224735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"139","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d3ee4b0c8380cd70254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017286,"text":"70017286 - 1992 - Improved first-order uncertainty method for water-quality modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T15:05:19.879414","indexId":"70017286","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved first-order uncertainty method for water-quality modeling","docAbstract":"Uncertainties are unavoidable in water-quality modeling and subsequent management decisions. Monte Carlo simulation and first-order uncertainty analysis (involving linearization at central values of the uncertain variables) have been frequently used to estimate probability distributions for water-quality model output due to their simplicity. Each method has its drawbacks: Monte Carlo simulation's is mainly computational time; and first-order analysis are mainly questions of accuracy and representativeness, especially for nonlinear systems and extreme conditions. An improved (advanced) first-order method is presented, where the linearization point varies to match the output level whose exceedance probability is sought. The advanced first-order method is tested on the Streeter-Phelps equation to estimate the probability distribution of critical dissolved-oxygen deficit and critical dissolved oxygen using two hypothetical examples from the literature. The advanced first-order method provides a close approximation of the exceedance probability for the Streeter-Phelps model output estimated by Monte Carlo simulation using less computer time - by two orders of magnitude - regardless of the probability distributions assumed for the uncertain model parameters.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:5(791)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Melching, C., and Anmangandla, S., 1992, Improved first-order uncertainty method for water-quality modeling: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 118, no. 5, p. 791-805, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:5(791).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3957e4b0c8380cd618b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":23973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anmangandla, S.","contributorId":7850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anmangandla","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017168,"text":"70017168 - 1992 - Peat accumulation in coastal-plain mires: A model for coals of the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T00:43:49.041903","indexId":"70017168","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat accumulation in coastal-plain mires: A model for coals of the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"

In the northwestern part of the San Juan basin, Colorado, thick high-volatile B bituminous coal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation are associated with nearshore marine sandstones of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. Detailed work along the outcrop and examination of drill cores, revealed two coal-bearing zones in the lower 60 m of the Fruitland Formation. Each zone is up to 13 m thick and consists of interbedded bright and dull coal (average ash values of 17 and 34% on a moisture-free basis, respectively), thin fine-grained clastic partings and abundant altered volcanic ash partings.

Isopachs of the interval between the top of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone and a marker bed (Huerfanito Bentonite Bed) in the underlying Lewis Shale show linear zones where the interval abruptly thickens. These zones, which trend northwest to southeast, represent areas where the shoreline paused during an overall migration to the northeast. Isopach maps of coal in the lower part of the Fruitland Formation and subsurface correlation of shoreface sandstones with coal zones show that the thickest accumulation of coal is 20–25 km landward of these coeval shorelines.

The Fruitland coals may be compared to the high-ash peats of the Dismal Swamp in the southeastern U.S.A., which form in pocosin mires about 20 km inland from the Atlantic coast. Clastic deposirion, resulting from coastal processes, precludes the formation of peat in low-lying mires adjacent to the shoreline. The high ash yield, numerous partings and the relationship with the coeval shoreline suggest that the coals in the lower part of the Fruitland Formation accumulated in mires that were transitional from low-lying to raised.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(92)90020-W","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Robinson, R.L., and McCabe, P., 1992, Peat accumulation in coastal-plain mires: A model for coals of the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Colorado, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 115-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(92)90020-W.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a761be4b0c8380cd77f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Roberts L. N.","contributorId":8483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Roberts","email":"","middleInitial":"L. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, P.J.","contributorId":57608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017304,"text":"70017304 - 1992 - Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:45:17","indexId":"70017304","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Samples from two peat-forming environments of Holocene and Miocene age in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, were studied petrographically using nearly identical sample preparation and microscopic methodologies. Both deposits consist of two basic types of organic material: plant organs/tissues and fine-grained matrix. There are seven predominant types of plant organs and tissues: roots possessing only primary growth, stems possessing only primary growth, leaves, stems/roots with secondary growth, secondary xylem fragments, fragments of cork cells, and macerated tissue of undetermined origin. The fine-grained matrix consists of fragments of cell walls and cell fillings, fungal remains, spores and pollen grains, and resin. Some of the matrix material does not have distinct grain boundaries (at ??500) and this material is designated amorphous matrix. The major difference between the Holocene peat and Miocene lignite in reflected light, oil immersion is a loss of red coloration in the cell walls of tissue in the lignite, presumably due to loss of cellulosic compounds. In addition, cortex and phloem tissue (hence primary roots and stems) are difficult to recognize in the lignite, probably because these large, thin-walled tissues are more susceptible to microbial degradation and compaction. Particle size in both peat and lignite samples display a bimodal distribution when measurements are transformed to a - log2 or phi (??), scale. Most plant parts have modes of 2-3?? (0.25 - 0.125 mm), whereas the finer-grained particulate matrix has modes of 7-9?? (0.008-0.002 mm). This similarity suggest certain degradative processes. The 2-3?? range may be a \"stable\" size for plant parts (regardless of origin) because this is a characteristics of a substrate which is most suitable for plant growth in peat. The finer-grained matrix material (7-9??) probably results from fungal decay which causes plant material to weaken and with slight physical pressure to shatter into its component parts, i.e. fragments of cell walls and fillings. The absence of differences in particle size between the peat and lignite also indicate little compaction of organic components; rather an extreme loss in water content and pore space has occurred from between the particles of organic material. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Moore, T., and Hilbert, R., 1992, Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 72, no. 3-4, p. 199-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E.","startPage":"199","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269788,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a778ae4b0c8380cd7850a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, T.A.","contributorId":91101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilbert, R.E.","contributorId":12206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilbert","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017305,"text":"70017305 - 1992 - Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T15:41:21","indexId":"70017305","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago","docAbstract":"

UPWELLING of nutrient-rich Pacific deep water along the North American west coast is ultimately driven by the temperature difference between air masses over land and over the ocean. The intensity of upwelling, and biological production in the region, could therefore be affected by anthropogenic climate change. Examination of the geological record is one way to study the link between climate and upwelling. Because Pacific deep water is enriched in cadmium, dissolved cadmium concentrations in coastal water off central California reflect the intensity of upwelling. By demonstrating that the Cd/Ca ratio in the shell of a benthic foraminifer, Elphidiella hannai, is proportional to the Cd concentration in coastal water, we show here that foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios can be used to detect past changes in mean upwelling intensity. Examination of a sediment core from the mouth of San Francisco Bay reveals that foraminiferal Cd/Ca decreased by about 30% from 4,000 years ago to the present, probably because of a reduction in coastal upwelling. This observation is consistent with predictions of atmospheric general circulation models that northwesterly winds, which drive upwelling, became weaker over this period as summer insolation of the Northern Hemisphere decreased.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/358054a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Luoma, N., Fuller, C.C., Anima, R., Clifton, H., and Trumbore, S., 1992, Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago: Nature, v. 358, no. 6381, p. 54-56, https://doi.org/10.1038/358054a0.","startPage":"54","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61v845hk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"6381","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d59e4b0c8380cd52f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, N.","contributorId":66430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trumbore, S.","contributorId":89287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016905,"text":"70016905 - 1992 - 15N and13C NMR investigation of hydroxylamine-derivatized humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T00:38:49.494958","indexId":"70016905","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"15N and 13C NMR investigation of hydroxylamine-derivatized humic substances","title":"15N and13C NMR investigation of hydroxylamine-derivatized humic substances","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Association","doi":"10.1021/es00025a011","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Arterburn, J., and Mikita, M., 1992, 15N and13C NMR investigation of hydroxylamine-derivatized humic substances: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00025a011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, Prince Edward Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.33151616558715,\n 30.82625939067141\n ],\n [\n -82.33195738451336,\n 30.84292891756617\n ],\n [\n -82.38181512319848,\n 30.838382970075955\n ],\n [\n -82.49035497909689,\n 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A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arterburn, J.B.","contributorId":97253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arterburn","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikita, M.A.","contributorId":20081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikita","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017306,"text":"70017306 - 1992 - Accretionary margin of north-western Hispaniola: morphology, structure and development of part of the northern Caribbean plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:02:00","indexId":"70017306","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretionary margin of north-western Hispaniola: morphology, structure and development of part of the northern Caribbean plate boundary","docAbstract":"

Broad-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) images and single- and multi-channel seismic reflection profiles demonstrate that the margin of north-western Hispaniola has experienced compression as a consequence of oblique North American-Caribbean plate convergence. Two principal morphological or structural types of accretionary wedges are observed along this margin. The first type is characterized by a gently sloping (≈4°) sea floor and generally margin-parallel linear sets of sea-floor ridges that gradually deepen towards the flat Hispaniola Basin floor to the north. The ridges are caused by an internal structure consisting of broad anticlines bounded by thrust faults that dip southwards beneath Hispaniola. Anticlines form at the base of the slope and are eventually sheared and underthrust beneath the slope. In contrast, the second type of accretionary wedge exhibits a steeper (≈6–16°) sea-floor slope characterized by local slumping and a more abrupt morphological transition to the adjacent basin. The internal structure appears chaotic on seismic reflection profiles and probably consists of tight folds and closely spaced faults. We suggest that changes in sea-floor declivity and internal structure may result from variations in the dip or frictional resistance of the décollement, or possibly from changes in the cohesive strength of the wedge sediments. The observed pattern of thickening of Hispaniola Basin turbidites towards the insular margin suggests differential southwards tilting of the Hispaniola Basin strata, probably in response to North America-Caribbean plate interactions since the Early Tertiary. Based upon indirect age control from adjacent parts of the northern caribbean plate boundary, we infer a Late Eocene to Early Miocene episode of transcurrent motion (i.e. little or no tilting), an Early Miocene to Late Pliocene period of oblique convergence (i.e. increased tilt) during which the accretionary wedge began to be constructed, and a Late Pliocene to Recent episode of increased convergence (i.e. twice the Miocene to Pliocene tilt), which has led to rapid uplift and erosion of sediment sources on the margin and on Hispaniola, generating a submarine fan at the base of the insular slope.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(92)90005-Y","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Austin, J.A., Scanlon, K.M., Terence, E.N., and Parson, L., 1992, Accretionary margin of north-western Hispaniola: morphology, structure and development of part of the northern Caribbean plate boundary: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 9, no. 1, Pages 70–72, IN1–IN2, 73–80, IN3–IN6, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(92)90005-Y.","productDescription":"Pages 70–72, IN1–IN2, 73–80, IN3–IN6, 81–88","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e671e4b0c8380cd4742b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, James A. Jr.","contributorId":72139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Austin","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12811,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":376068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Terence, Edgar N.","contributorId":13754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terence","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parson, L.M.","contributorId":69156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parson","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188408,"text":"70188408 - 1992 - The 1990 conterminous U. S. AVHRR data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:44:48","indexId":"70188408","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1990 conterminous U. S. AVHRR data set","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, using NOAA-ll Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data, has produced a time series of 19 biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDV!) composites of the conterminous United States for the 1990 growing season. Each biweekly composite included data from approximately 20 calibrated and georegistered daily overpasses. The output is a data set which includes all five calibrated AVHRR channels, NOV! values, three satellite/solar viewing angles, and date of observation pointer for each biweekly composite. The data set is intended for assessing seasonal variations in vegetation condition and provides a foundation for studying long-term changes in vegetation resulting from human interactions or global climate alterations.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., 1992, The 1990 conterminous U. S. AVHRR data set: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 6, p. 809-813.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad70fe4b0764e6c602182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}