{"pageNumber":"4249","pageRowStart":"106200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70017293,"text":"70017293 - 1992 - Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. I. Data and preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:14:35","indexId":"70017293","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. I. Data and preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"The objective of this paper is to present analyses of a set of acceleration response records obtained during the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Ms = 7.1) from the 30-story, three-winged, ductile moment-resistant reinforced-concrete-framed Pacific Park Plaza Building, located in Emeryville, east of San Francisco, Calif. The building was constructed in 1983, and instrumented in 1985 with 21 channels of synchronized uniaxial accelerometers deployed throughout the structure, and three channels of accelerometers located at free-field outside on the north side of the building, all connected to a central recording system. In addition, a triaxial strong-motion accelerograph is deployed at free-field on the south side of the building. The predominant response modes of the building and the associated frequencies at approximately 0.4 Hz and 1.0 Hz are identified visually from the unprocessed records, and also from Fourier amplitude spectra of the processed records, which, as expected, reveal significant torsional motion. In addition, the response spectra of the free-field and basement motions are very similar. These spectra show that significant structural resonances at higher modes influence both the ground level and the free-field motions, thus rising the question as to the definition of free-field motion, at least at this site. This part of the paper includes the preliminary analyses of the data acquired from this building. Part 2 of the paper provides detailed analyses of the data using system identification techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1547)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Safak, E., 1992, Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. I. Data and preliminary analysis: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 118, no. 6, p. 1547-1565, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1547).","startPage":"1547","endPage":"1565","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269412,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1547)"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b59e4b08c986b317779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"<p>The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and FeF<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.</p><p>Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF<sub>3</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub>, and CaF<sub>2</sub>, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017270,"text":"70017270 - 1992 - Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:16:50.666082","indexId":"70017270","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Brine seepage into the Dolores River from ground water in Paradox Valley, Colorado constitutes a major source of salt to the Colorado River. Plants are enderway to remove this source of salt by drawing down the Paradox Valley brine (PVB) and forcibly injecting it into a deep disposal well (4.8 km). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of deep-well injection of PVB. The results show that PVB is near saturation with anhydrite at 25°C, and that heating results in anhydrite precipitation. The amount and the rate at which anhydrite forms is temperature, pressure, and substrate dependent. Paradox Valley brine heated in the presence of Precambrian rocks from the drill core produces the same amount of anhydrite as PVB heated alone, but at a greatly accelerated rate. A 30% dilution of PVB with Dolores River water completely eliminates anhydrite precipitation when the fluid is heated with the Precambrian rocks. Interaction of PVB and Leadville Limestone is characterized by dolomitization of calcite by brine Mg which releases Ca to solution. This added Ca reacts with SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to form increased amounts of anhydrite. A 20% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water has no effect on dolomitization and reduces the amount of anhydrite only slightly. A 65% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water still does not prevent dolomitization but does suppress anhydrite formation. Computer modeling of PVB by programs utilizing the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters is in general agreement with the experimental results. Ion-activity products calculated by both SOLMINEQ and PHRQPITZ are close to equilibrium with both anhydrite and dolomite whenever these phases are present experimentally, although the calculations over-estimate by a factor of 2 the degree of saturation. Some discrepancies in the calculated results between the two programs are due largely to differences in mineral solubility data.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Kharaka, Y., 1992, Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3, p. 273-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1624e4b0c8380cd5506c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017267,"text":"70017267 - 1992 - Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T10:00:07","indexId":"70017267","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping","docAbstract":"Analytical interferences were observed during the determination of organic compounds in groundwater samples preserved with mercuric chloride. The nature of the interference was different depending on the analytical isolation technique employed. (1) Water samples extracted with dichloromethane by continuous liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed a broad HgCl2 'peak' eluting over a 3-5-min span which interfered with the determination of coeluting organic analytes. Substitution of CLLE for separatory funnel extraction in EPA method 508 also resulted in analytical interferences from the use of HgCl2 preservative. (2) Mercuric chloride was purged, along with organic contaminants, during closed-loop stripping (CLS) of groundwater samples and absorbed onto the activated charcoal trap. Competitive sorption of the HgCl2 by the trap appeared to contribute to the observed poor recoveries for spiked organic contaminants. The HgCl2 was not displaced from the charcoal with the dichloromethane elution solvent and required strong nitric acid to achieve rapid, complete displacement. Similar competitive sorption mechanisms might also occur in other purge and trap methods when this preservative is used.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00031a004","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Zaugg, S., Falres, L., Werner, M., Leiker, T., and Rogerson, P., 1992, Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1307-1312, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00031a004"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb68e4b0c8380cd48da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falres, L.M.","contributorId":34661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falres","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, M.G.","contributorId":47400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogerson, P.F.","contributorId":84087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogerson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017296,"text":"70017296 - 1992 - A spatial model to aggregate point-source and nonpoint-source water-quality data for large areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:19:28","indexId":"70017296","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial model to aggregate point-source and nonpoint-source water-quality data for large areas","docAbstract":"More objective and consistent methods are needed to assess water quality for large areas. A spatial model, one that capitalizes on the topologic relationships among spatial entities, to aggregate pollution sources from upstream drainage areas is described that can be implemented on land surfaces having heterogeneous water-pollution effects. An infrastructure of stream networks and drainage basins, derived from 1:250,000-scale digital-elevation models, define the hydrologic system in this spatial model. The spatial relationships between point- and nonpoint pollution sources and measurement locations are referenced to the hydrologic infrastructure with the aid of a geographic information system. A maximum-branching algorithm has been developed to simulate the effects of distance from a pollutant source to an arbitrary downstream location, a function traditionally employed in deterministic water quality models. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(92)90021-I","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"White, D., Smith, R.A., Price, C.V., Alexander, R.B., and Robinson, K.W., 1992, A spatial model to aggregate point-source and nonpoint-source water-quality data for large areas: Computers & Geosciences, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1055-1073, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90021-I.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1073","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266167,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90021-I"},{"id":224927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a1e4b0c8380cd46ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, D.A.","contributorId":24502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, K. W.","contributorId":27488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017266,"text":"70017266 - 1992 - Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017266","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","docAbstract":"One of the goals of NAPAP-sponsored research on the effects of acidic deposition on carbonate stone has been to quantify the incremental effects of wet and dry deposition of hydrogen ion, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on stone erosion. Test briquettes and slabs of freshly quarried Indiana limestone and Vermont marble have been exposed to ambient environmental conditions in a long-term exposure program. Physical measurements of the recession of test stones exposed to ambient conditions at an angle of 30?? to horizontal at the five NAPAP materials exposure sites range from ~15 to ~30?? ??m yr-1 for marble, and from ~25 to ~45 ??m yr -1 for limestone, and are approximately double the recession estimates based on the observed calcium content of run-off solutions from test slabs. The difference between the physical and chemical recession measurements is attributed to the loss of mineral grains from the stone surfaces that are not measured in the run-off experiments. The erosion due to grain loss does not appear to be influenced by rainfall acidity, however, preliminary evidence suggests that grain loss may be influenced by dry deposition of sulfur dioxide between rainfall events. Chemical analyses of the run-off solutions and associated rainfall blanks suggest that ~30% of erosion by dissolution can be attributed to the wet deposition of hydrogen ion and the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitric acid between rain events. The remaining ~70% of erosion by dissolution is accounted for by the solubility of carbonate stone in rain that is in equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide ('clean rain'). These results are for marble and limestone slabs exposed at an angle of 30?? from horizontal. The relative contribution of sulfur dioxide to chemical erosion is significantly enhanced for stone slabs having an inclination of 60?? or 85??. The dry deposition of alkaline particulate material has a mitigating effect at the two urban field exposure sites at Washington, DC, and Steubenville, OH.","largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N","issn":"09571272","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., Reddy, M., Reimann, K., and Sciammarella, C., 1992, Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), <i>in</i> Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere, v. 26, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N"},{"id":225211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0679e4b0c8380cd51272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimann, K.J.","contributorId":19035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sciammarella, C.A.","contributorId":62086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sciammarella","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014908,"text":"1014908 - 1992 - Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:10:41.019572","indexId":"1014908","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Faecal samples were collected from wild birds frequenting salmonid fish hatcheries to determine if birds excrete infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in their faeces. Samples were collected from early June through early September. IPN virus was detected in faeces from herons, mallards, and other birds at titres similar to the titres found in the hatchery fish. Bird predation and virus prevalence in bird faeces was much reduced at a hatchery using electric fence barriers to deter birds and at a hatchery where the entire raceway area was enclosed by netting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1992, Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds: Aquaculture, v. 106, no. 3/4, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014903,"text":"1014903 - 1992 - Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T13:12:31.178449","indexId":"1014903","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., and Thune, R., 1992, Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters: Biomedical Letters, v. 47, no. 188, p. 355-362.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thune, R.L.","contributorId":100240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thune","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008505,"text":"1008505 - 1992 - Comparisons of salinity tolerances and osmotic regulatory capabilities in populations of Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) from brackish and fresh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T12:22:47.582679","indexId":"1008505","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of salinity tolerances and osmotic regulatory capabilities in populations of Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) from brackish and fresh waters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1446150","usgsCitation":"Nordlie, F., Haney, D.C., and Walsh, S., 1992, Comparisons of salinity tolerances and osmotic regulatory capabilities in populations of Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) from brackish and fresh waters: Copeia, v. 1992, no. 3, p. 741-746, https://doi.org/10.2307/1446150.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"741","endPage":"746","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1992","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordlie, F.G.","contributorId":71930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordlie","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016998,"text":"70016998 - 1992 - Leaks in pipe networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:54:14.883386","indexId":"70016998","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaks in pipe networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Leak detection in water‐distribution systems can be accomplished by solving an inverse problem using measurements of pressure and/or flow. The problem is formulated with equivalent orifice areas of possible leaks as the unknowns. Minimization of the difference between measured and calculated heads produces a solution for the areas. The quality of the result depends on number and location of the measurements. A sensitivity matrix is key to deciding where to make measurements. Both location and magnitude of leaks are sensitive to the quantity and quality of pressure measurements and to how well the pipe friction parameters are known. The overdetermined problem (more measurements than suspected leaks) gives the best results, but some information can be derived from the underdetermined problem. The variance of leak areas, based on the quality of system characteristics and pressure data, indicates the likely accuracy of the results. The method will not substitute for more traditional leak surveys but can serve as a guide and supplement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1031)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Pudar, R.S., and Liggett, J.A., 1992, Leaks in pipe networks: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 118, no. 7, p. 1031-1046, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1031).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1046","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45efe4b0c8380cd67532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pudar, Ranko S.","contributorId":39131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pudar","given":"Ranko","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liggett, James A.","contributorId":74145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liggett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016999,"text":"70016999 - 1992 - Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T15:00:55","indexId":"70016999","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream","docAbstract":"Hydrous iron and aluminum oxides are deposited on the streambed in the confluence of the Snake River and Deer Creek, two streams in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The Snake River is acidic and has high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Al. These metals precipitate at the confluence with the pristine, neutral pH, Deer Creek because of the greater pH (4.5-6.0) in the confluence. The composition of the deposited oxides changes consistently with distance downstream, with the most upstream oxide samples having the greatest Fe and organic carbon content. Fulvic acid accounts for most of the organic content of the oxides. Results indicate that streambed oxides in the confluence are not saturated with respect to their capacity to sorb dissolved humic substances from streamwater. The contents of several trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co) also decrease with distance downstream and are correlated with both the Fe and organic carbon contents. Strong metal-binding sites associated with the sorbed fulvic acid are more than sufficient to account for the trace metal content of the oxides. Complexation of trace metals by sorbed fulvic acid may explain the observed downstream decrease in trace metal content.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R., Bencala, K., Zellweger, G.W., and Feder, G.L., 1992, Humic substances and trace metals associated with Fe and Al oxides deposited in an acidic mountain stream: Science of Total Environment, v. 117-118, p. 485-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90113-7"},{"id":224477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117-118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017312,"text":"70017312 - 1992 - Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:02:02","indexId":"70017312","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile","docAbstract":"Cold-adapted beetles colonized the lowlands of the Lake Region of south-central Chile following the retreat of glaciers from their maximum extent at about 19,500 yr B.P. The beetle fauna from 18,000 to 14,000 yr B.P. was characterized by species of moorland habitats. This fauna was species-poor compared to later faunas of the postglacial interval. By 14,000 yr B.P. arboreal species were replacing species of open habitats, reflecting a change toward a warmer climate. By about 12,500 yr B.P. fossil beetle assemblages consisted entirely of rain forest species. The fauna of the postglacial interval was about five times as species-rich as that of the glacial interval. The change in species composition and greater diversity of the beetle fauna was produced by an increase in mean annual temperature estimated to be about 4??-5??C. This was the last major climatic change to affect profoundly the biota of the middle latitudes of South America. The fossil beetle assemblages do not imply a reversal to a colder climate at the time of the European Younger Dryas interval between 11,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hoganson, J., and Ashworth, A., 1992, Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90009-8"},{"id":225166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1384e4b0c8380cd546a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoganson, J.W.","contributorId":100127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoganson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashworth, A.C.","contributorId":45061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashworth","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008489,"text":"1008489 - 1992 - Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T15:08:24","indexId":"1008489","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills","docAbstract":"<p><span>From 1985 through 1990, the herpetofauna of a temporary pond in an uplands longleaf pine sandhills community in north-central Florida was monitored. A drift fence completely encircled the pond. Animals were captured in pitfall traps and marked as they entered and exited the pond basin. I captured 16 155 individuals of 42 species (16 amphibians, 26 reptiles). The species richness, diversity (using Margalef's Diversity Index) and dominance (using the Berger-Parker Index) varied among years. Between 62.5% and 87.5% of the amphibian species and 65% to 81% of the reptile species were captured in any one year. Daily amphibian capture was positively correlated with rainfall, whereas reptile capture was either not correlated or weakly negatively correlated with rainfall. Hydroperiod duration was not correlated with the numbers of either amphibians or reptiles captured. Neither the amphibian nor the reptile community showed any trends in diversity or dominance indices during the course of the study, although both communities were dominated by a few species. However, the species responsible for community dominance changed somewhat as the study progressed. Assessing the results of this study is hampered by the lack of comparable studies elsewhere, expected natural fluctuations of amphibian populations, and a prolonged drought, especially during the latter stages of the study. The herpetological community at Breezeway Pond does not appear to follow theoretical predictions of community response to stress. Temporary ponds are important centres of herpetofaunal biodiversity in uplands sandhills communities. Long-term studies are needed to monitor the composition, structure, and functional interactions of their resident species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00695911","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1992, Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 1, no. 3, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00695911.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62356c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017313,"text":"70017313 - 1992 - Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:41:51.95497","indexId":"70017313","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera","docAbstract":"<p>The Cordilleran orogen in south-eastern Alaska includes 14 distinct metamorphic belts that make up three major metamorphic complexes, from east to west: the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex in the Coast Mountains; the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex in the central part of the Alexander Archipelago; and the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex in the northern outer islands. Each of these complexes is related to a major subduction event. The metamorphic history of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex is lengthy and is related to the Late Cretaceous collision of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes and the Gravina overlap assemblage to the west against the Stikine terrane to the east. The metamorphic history of the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex is relatively simple and is related to the roots of a Late Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous island arc. The metamorphic history of the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex is complicated and developed during and after the Late Cretaceous collision of the Chugach terrane with the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes.</p><p>The Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex records both dynamothermal and regional contact metamorphic events related to widespread plutonism within several juxtaposed terranes. Widespread moderate-<i>P/T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>dynamothermal metamorphism affected most of this complex during the early Late Cretaceous, and local high-<i>P/T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>metamorphism affected some parts during the middle Late Cretaceous. These events were contemporaneous with low- to moderate-<i>P</i>, high-<i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>metamorphism elsewhere in the complex. Finally, widespread high-<i>P–T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>conditions affected most of the western part of the complex in a culminating late Late Cretaceous event. The eastern part of the complex contains an older, pre-Late Triassic metamorphic belt that has been locally overprinted by a widespread middle Tertiary thermal event.</p><p>The Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex records dominantly regional contact-metamorphic events that affected rocks of the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. Widespread low-<i>P</i>, high-<i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>assemblages occur adjacent to regionally extensive foliated granitic, dioritic and gabbroic rocks. Two closely related plutonic events are recognized, one of Late Jurassic age and another of late Early and early Late Cretaceous age; the associated metamorphic events are indistinguishable. A small Late Devonian or Early Mississippian dynamothermal belt occurs just north-east of the complex. Two older low-grade regional metamorphic belts on strike with the complex to the south are related to a Cambrian to Ordovician orogeny and to a widespread Middle Silurian to Early Devonian orogeny.</p><p>The Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex records a widespread late Late Cretaceous low- to medium/high-<i>P</i>, moderate-<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>metamorphic event and a local transitional or superposed early Tertiary low-<i>P</i>, high-<i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>regional metamorphic event associated with mesozonal granitic intrusions that affected regionally deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Chugach terrane. The Chugach complex also includes a post-Late Triassic to pre-Late Jurassic belt with uncertain relations to the younger belts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Himmelberg, G.R., Loney, R.A., and Ford, A.B., 1992, Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 465-482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00097.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027fe4b0c8380cd50088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007874,"text":"1007874 - 1992 - Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:54:24.945664","indexId":"1007874","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire","docAbstract":"<p>Demographic structure of 12 chaparral sites unburned for 56 to 120 years was investigated. All sites were dominated by vigorous shrub populations and, although there was colonization by seedlings of woodland tree species in several stands, successional replacement of chaparral was not imminent. Although successional changes in community composition were evident, there was no indication of a decline in species diversity. Non-sprouting species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>suffered the greatest mortality at most, but not all, sites. Sprouting shrubs, such as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Heteromeles</i><span>&nbsp;</span>had very little mortality, even in stands more than a century old. All postfire resprouting species had multiple stems of different ages indicating these shrubs were capable of continuously regenerating their canopy from basal sprouts.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>populations were highly clumped and there was a significant correlation across all sites between variance/mean ratio and percentage mortality. As<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>populations thinned, they became less clumped. In mixed chaparral stands,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Heteromeles</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were significantly taller than associated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shrubs and overtopped the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i>; at two sites, the density of live<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>per plot was correlated with the density of dead<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Thus, mortality of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>stems is likely related to both intra and interspecific interations.</p><p>Seedling recruitment was observed for most shrub species that regenerate after fire by resprouting; seedling and sapling densities ranging from 1000–36 500 ha<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were recorded for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus dumosa, Rhamnus crocea, Prunus ilicifolia, Heteromeles arbutifolia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cercocarpus betuloides.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>For all but the last species, seedlings and saplings were most abundant beneath the canopy cover and not in gaps. Across all sites, recruitment was significantly correlated with depth and bio-mass of the litter layer.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cercocarpus betuloides</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was present in several stands, but seedling establishment was found only in one very open, disturbed stand. Regardless of stand age, taxa such as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Adenostoma, Arctostaphylos</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceanothus,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>which recruit seedlings after fire, had no significant seedling production.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3236001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1992, Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 3, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014852,"text":"1014852 - 1992 - Host defense mechanisms of Cephalopods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:04:41.663908","indexId":"1014852","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":810,"text":"Annual Review of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host defense mechanisms of Cephalopods","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id2\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p id=\"SP0005\">Humoral and cellular mechanisms of defense have been described for cephalopods, a relatively advanced group of mollusks. Typical of other mollusks, cephalopod agglutinins are the most documented component of humoral immunity. Lectins, which have agglutinating properties, have been described and characterized from octopuses. Agglutinins from cephalopod hemolymph have also been shown to agglutinate a variety of vertebrate red blood cells, as well as potential bacterial pathogens. Hemocytes are the primary component of cellular immunity. Although the hemocyte role in phagocytosis has been extensively studied in other mollusks, the mechanisms of phagocytosis have not been described extensively for cephalopods. Cephalopod hemocytes have phagocytic capabilities and may function in encapsulation and neutralization of foreign substances; however, the effects of environmental factors and the full extent of phagocytic capabilities of cephalopod hemocytes have not been reported. Hemocytes from cephalopods have a role in wound healing and inflammation which have been reported in detail by several investigators.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(92)90054-2","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., 1992, Host defense mechanisms of Cephalopods: Annual Review of Fish Diseases, v. 2, p. 15-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(92)90054-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, Larisa","contributorId":191025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Larisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017314,"text":"70017314 - 1992 - Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell for Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.Recent investigations on the Kenai Peninsula had two major objectives: (1) to establish elemental baseline concentrations ranges for native vegetation and soils; and, (2) to determine the sampling density required for preparing stable regional geochemical maps for various elements in native plants and soils. These objectives were accomplished using an unbalanced, nested analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) barbell sampling design. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG (feather moss, whole plant), Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce, twigs and needles), and soil horizons (02 and C) were collected and analyzed for major and trace total element concentrations. Using geometric means and geometric deviations, expected baseline ranges for elements were calculated. Results of the ANOVA show that intensive soil or plant sampling is needed to reliably map the geochemistry of the area, due to large local variability. For example, producing reliable element maps of feather moss using a 50 km cell (at 95% probability) would require sampling densities of from 4 samples per cell Al, Co, Fe, La, Li, and V, to more than 15 samples per cell for Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00475493","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1992, Determining baselines and variability of elements in plants and soils near the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 63, no. 3-4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475493"},{"id":225213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffede4b0c8380cd4f49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007875,"text":"1007875 - 1992 - Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:54:30.196175","indexId":"1007875","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\"","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>In recent years, cross-boundary management has become an essential part of park management. In this article we compare the perspectives of managers of several US national parks to the advice on this issue presented in the published literature. Data were obtained from interviews of the superintendents, assistant superintendents and resources managers of five major western national parks and from a survey of participants in a NPS workshop attended by park superintendents, scientists, and resource managers; law enforcement personnel; and interpreters. Three themes related to boundary management were consistently stressed by park managers: (10 a lack of sufficient funds and personnel within the parks; (2) the need for reliable information on both political and natural processes; and, (3) the importance of personal interactions between park staff and individuals from the surrounding area. Basic data collection, the documentation of trends, cooperative groups and personal contacts, educational programs, and land acquisition were the most useful strategies. A lack of funds and information, ineffective communication, enforcement problems, and a lack of motivation for parties to reach a negotiated agreement were the most serious obstacles. A wide range of valuable institutional knowledge concerning boundary management exists within the National Park Service; however, there appears to be a gap between published strategies and the approaches that work “on the ground”.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02645670","usgsCitation":"Buechner, M., Schonewald-Cox, C., Sauvajot, R., and Wilcox, B., 1992, Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works \"on the ground.\": Environmental Management, v. 16, no. 6, p. 799-809, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645670.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"809","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db68097b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buechner, M.","contributorId":90667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buechner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauvajot, R.","contributorId":7660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauvajot","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, B.","contributorId":42916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007891,"text":"1007891 - 1992 - Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T16:26:24.730609","indexId":"1007891","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina richardsi</i>), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","title":"Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00195994","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Calkins, D., and Coon, N.C., 1992, Toxic elements and organochlorines in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Kodiak, Alaska, USA: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 727-732, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195994.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.87635871002695,\n              58.22865411165071\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.87635871002695,\n              57.363780641266175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.67346514803057,\n              57.363780641266175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.67346514803057,\n              58.22865411165071\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.87635871002695,\n              58.22865411165071\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, Donald","contributorId":190289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calkins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Nancy C.","contributorId":176389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coon","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007906,"text":"1007906 - 1992 - Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T09:31:38","indexId":"1007906","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3090,"text":"Plant, Cell & Environment","onlineIssn":"1365-3040","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants","docAbstract":"δ13C values for freshwater aquatic plant matter varies from −11 to −50‰ and is not a clear indicator of photosynthetic pathway as in terrestrial plants. Several factors affect δ13C of aquatic plant matter. These include: (1) The δ13C signature of the source carbon has been observed to range from +1‰ for HCO3− derived from limestone to −30‰ for CO2 derived from respiration. (2) Some plants assimilate HCO3−, which is –7 to –11‰ less negative than CO2. (3) C3, C4, and CAM photosynthetic pathways are present in aquatic plants. (4) Diffusional resistances are orders of magnitude greater in the aquatic environment than in the aerial environment. The greater viscosity of water acts to reduce mixing of the carbon pool in the boundary layer with that of the bulk solution. In effect, many aquatic plants draw from a finite carbon pool, and as in terrestrial plants growing in a closed system, biochemical discrimination is reduced. In standing water, this factor results in most aquatic plants having a δ13C value similar to the source carbon. Using Farquhar's equation and other physiological data, it is possible to use δ13C values to evaluate various parameters affecting photosynthesis, such as limitations imposed by CO2 diffusion and carbon source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant, Cell and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Sandquist, D., 1992, Commissioned Review. Carbon: freshwater plants: Plant, Cell & Environment, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1021-1035, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268428,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandquist, D.R.","contributorId":37281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandquist","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007928,"text":"1007928 - 1992 - Experimental evidence for the effects of polyphenolic compounds from Dictyoneurum californicum (Phaeophyta; Laminariales) on feeding rate and growth in the red abalone Haliotus rufescens Swainson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:58:19.791062","indexId":"1007928","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimental evidence for the effects of polyphenolic compounds from <i>Dictyoneurum californicum</i> (Phaeophyta; Laminariales) on feeding rate and growth in the red abalone <i>Haliotus rufescens</i> Swainson","title":"Experimental evidence for the effects of polyphenolic compounds from Dictyoneurum californicum (Phaeophyta; Laminariales) on feeding rate and growth in the red abalone Haliotus rufescens Swainson","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of polyphenolic compounds from brown algae on grazing and growth rate of the California red abalone&nbsp;</span><i>Haliotis rufescens</i><span>&nbsp;Swainson were examined. Abalone consumed three phenolic-poor algal species,&nbsp;</span><i>Laminaria sinclarii</i><span>&nbsp;(Harvey) Farlow,&nbsp;</span><i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i><span>&nbsp;Agardh, and&nbsp;</span><i>Nereocystis luetkeana</i><span>&nbsp;Postels et Ruprecht (mean phenolic content = 0.52% dry mass), at a greater rate than two phenolic-rich species,&nbsp;</span><i>Dictyoneurum californicum</i><span>&nbsp;Ruprecht and&nbsp;</span><i>Cystoseira osmundacea</i><span>&nbsp;Agardh (mean phenolic content = 4.60% dry mass). This inverse relationship between phenolic content and consumption rate also existed after the algae were macerated and the liquid portion of the blended slurry incorporated in agar discs. However, the correlation between grazing rate and phenolic content imprpve d in this latter experiment, thus suggesting that abalone grazing was deterred significantly by the morphology of&nbsp;</span><i>L. sinclarii</i><span>&nbsp;and, to a lesser extent, of&nbsp;</span><i>M. pyrifera</i><span>. Polyphenolics extracted from&nbsp;</span><i>D. californicum</i><span>&nbsp;reduced abalone grazing rates by 90% when incorporated into agar discs at a concentration of 6 mg·ml</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Although abalone were unable to maintain body mass when fed ad libitum on macerated&nbsp;</span><i>M. pyrifera</i><span>&nbsp;incorporated into agar discs, polyphenolics from&nbsp;</span><i>D. californicum</i><span>&nbsp;further inhibited shell growth when added to the discs at 5 mg·ml</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The abalone ate less of the phenol-containing discs than of the discs lacking phenolics. Our results support findings of several prior studies that polyphenolic compounds from brown algae deter grazing by coastal zone herbivores in the northeast Pacific Ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-0981(92)90067-K","usgsCitation":"Winter, F., and Estes, J.A., 1992, Experimental evidence for the effects of polyphenolic compounds from Dictyoneurum californicum (Phaeophyta; Laminariales) on feeding rate and growth in the red abalone Haliotus rufescens Swainson: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 155, p. 263-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90067-K.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, F.C.","contributorId":18313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017002,"text":"70017002 - 1992 - Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:28:32.89559","indexId":"70017002","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., and Modica, E., 1992, Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bae4b0c8380cd77ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modica, Edward","contributorId":59431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007930,"text":"1007930 - 1992 - Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:30:58.296361","indexId":"1007930","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Walking of the shore crab <i>Pachygrapsis crassipes</i> in its two natural environments","title":"Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Video analyses of crabs walking on smooth and rocky terrains when in air and when submerged in water were conducted. Modifications of walking in the two environments, between which the animal’s weight changes sixfold, are consistent with the goals of maximizing ease of walking and minimizing risk of injury. The duty factor (fraction of step cycle in which the dactylus is in contact with the substratum) was greater than 50 % when in air compared to less than 46&nbsp;</span><i>%</i><span>&nbsp;when submerged, indicating a need for greater stability against the destabilizing vertical force of gravity when in air. The duty factors of the trailing and leading leg rows were the same for the two terrains in air but the trailing leg row had a larger duty factor when submerged, indicating a greater pushing effort to overcome drag forces. Width of stance differed among the four conditions and was narrowest in animals walking over rocky terrain in air, the condition which has the greatest potential for injury. The mean phase difference (percentage of a step cycle by which ipsilateral legs differ) between leading and trailing rows did not differ under any condition except for submerged smooth terrain, meeting the unique requirements of that condition. The observed walking speed range had no effect on stance, duty factor or phase difference.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.165.1.213","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1992, Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 165, p. 213-227, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.165.1.213.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd4f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182209,"text":"70182209 - 1992 - Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:44:47","indexId":"70182209","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea Otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>), well documented as \"keystone\" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy around the Kodiak Archipelago. The results indicate that Kodiak otters forage primarily on bivalve prey and dramatically reduce infaunal bivalve and green sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>) prey populations. Bivalve prey abundance, biomass, and size were inversely related to duration of sea otter occupancy. The relative conditions of shells discarded by otters in shallow (&lt;10 m) vs. deep (&gt; 20 m) water at the same sites indicate that otters first exploited <i>Saxidomus</i> in shallow-water feeding areas, and later switched to <i>Macoma</i> spp. in deeper water. Otter-cracked shells of the deep-burrowing clam <i>Tresus capax</i> were rarely found, even at otter foraging sites where the clam accounted for the majority of available prey biomass, suggesting that it has a partial depth refuge from otter predation. The indirect effects of otter predation included substratum disturbance and the facilitation of sea star predation on infaunal prey. Sea stars, <i>Pycnopodia helianthoides</i>, were attracted to experimentally dug excavations as well as natural sea otter foraging pits, where the sea stars foraged on smaller size classes of infaunal bivalves than those eaten by otters. Otters also discard clam shells on the sediment surface and expose old, buried shells during excavation. Surface shells were found to provide attachment sites for large anemones and kelp. Our study shows that sea otters can affect soft-sediment communities, not only through predation, as in rocky habitats, but also through disturbance, and thus retain a high degree of influence in two very different habitat types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1940749","usgsCitation":"Kvitek, R., Oliver, J., DeGange, A., and Anderson, B., 1992, Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation: Ecology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940749.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.29248046875,\n              58.78528524510292\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.698974609375,\n              58.77959115030064\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              58.257507589081605\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.028076171875,\n              57.468589192089354\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              56.23724470041031\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2919921875,\n              56.15166933290848\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.951904296875,\n              57.33838126552897\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff1e4b01ccd54f8b589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, J.S.","contributorId":17073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.S.","contributorId":181917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017009,"text":"70017009 - 1992 - Recorded seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. II. System identification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:13:32","indexId":"70017009","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recorded seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. II. System identification","docAbstract":"This is the second of two companion papers on the recorded seismic response of the Pacific Park Plaza building, in Emeryville, Calif., during the October 17, 1989, Ms = 7.1 (surface-wave magnitude) Loma Prieta earthquake. In this second part, the recorded data are analyzed in more detail by using system-identification techniques. The three-dimensional behavior and the coupled modes of the building are determined, and the effects of soil-structure interaction are investigated. The study shows that the response of the building is nonlinear at the beginning, and becomes linear after 17 sec into the earthquake. The dominant motion of the building follows an elliptical path oriented in the southeast-northwest direction. Some of the modes are complex, with nonproportional damping, and there are phase differences among modal response components. The fundamental mode of the building is a translation in the southeast-northwest direction at 0.4 Hz, with 13% damping. The wing displacements relative to the center core are large, about 50% of the center core displacements, and indicate significant torsion in the center core. The soil-structure interaction is characterized by a vibration at 0.7 Hz. This is believed to be the fundamental frequency of the surrounding soil medium. The rocking motions of the building are negligible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1566)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Safak, F., and Çelebi, M., 1992, Recorded seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. II. System identification: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 118, no. 6, p. 1566-1589, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1566).","startPage":"1566","endPage":"1589","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269411,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:6(1566)"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a285e4b0e8fec6cdb631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, F.","contributorId":89286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}